变压器课件(英文)ABB Presentation

合集下载

变压器的基础知识ppt课件

变压器的基础知识ppt课件

负载电流与电压变化
01
分析变压器在不同负载下,一次侧和二次侧电流、电压的变化
规律。
阻抗电压
02
阐述阻抗电压的概念、计算方法及其在变压器并联运行中的应
用。
负载损耗
03
分析负载损耗的组成及影响因素,包括绕组电阻损耗、附加损
耗等,并提出降低负载损耗的措施。
短路阻抗和电压调整率计算
短路阻抗计算
阐述短路阻抗的定义、计算方法及其在变压器设计和运行中的重 要性。
故障诊断与分析
检修人员到达现场后,进行故 障诊断,分析故障原因。
故障处理与修复
根据故障原因,制定处理方案 并进行修复。修复完成后,进 行必要的试验验证修复效果。
故障记录与总结
对故障处理过程进行详细记录, 总结经验教训,防止类似故障
再次发生。
05
变压器选型与安装注意事 项
选型依据和原则阐述
负载需求
常见类型及其特点
油浸式变压器
具有散热好、容量大、成本低等特点, 但需要定期维护和检查油位。
干式变压器
具有无油、无火灾、无污染等优点,但 散热条件相对较差,容量较小。
自耦变压器
具有体积小、重量轻、效率高等特点, 但原副边有直接电联系,不能用于安全 隔离。
隔离变压器
主要用于安全隔离和电压匹配,原副边 无直接电联系,具有较高的安全性。
未来发展趋势预测
数字化和智能化
变压器将更加数字化和智能化,实现更高效、更可靠的运 行。
绿色环保
环保型变压器将成为未来主流,推动行业向绿色、低碳方 向发展。
多元化应用
变压器将不仅应用于电力系统,还将拓展到轨道交通、新 能源等领域。
THANKS

第2章 变压器 《Electric Machinery 电机学(英汉双语)》课件

第2章 变压器 《Electric Machinery 电机学(英汉双语)》课件

有效值
2f
E 1 2N 1 m4.44 fN 1 m
相量 E 1j4.44 fN 1 m
可见,当主磁通按正弦规律变化时,所产生的一次主电动势 也按正弦规律变化,时间相位上滞后主磁通90 度。主电动势的大
小与电源频率、绕组匝数及主磁通的最大值成正比。
同理,二次主电动势结论一致: E 2j4.4f4N 2 m
铁芯——变压器的磁路
• 铁芯是磁路和套装绕组的骨架,包含铁芯 柱和铁轭。
• 铁芯是由0.35mm厚的冷轧硅钢片叠成。减 少涡流损耗,提高导磁系数。
绕组——变压器的电路
• 变压器绕组一般为绝缘扁铜线或绝缘圆铜 线在绕线模上绕制而成。
• 一次(原)绕组和二次(副)绕组。 • 高压绕组和低压绕组 • 基本型式:同心式,交叠式
2.8 自耦变压器和仪用互感器
2.1.1 变压器的工作原理
变压器的一次绕组与交流电源接通后,铁芯中便有 交变磁通 ,由于电磁感应作用,分别在一次、二次 绕组产生频率相同的感应电动势。
如果一次和二次绕组匝数不同,则一次侧和二次侧 的电压不相等,起到了变压的作用。
2.1.2 变压器的分类
按用途分:电力变压器和特种变压器。 按绕组数目分:单绕组(自耦)变压器、双绕组变 压器、三绕组变压器和多绕组变压器。 按相数分:单相变压器、三相变压器和多相变压器。
U 1 E 1 z 1 I 0 I 0 r m j m x z 1 I 0 z 1 z m I 0
于是可以得到变压器空载等效电路
E1 主磁通比漏磁通大的多,zm>>z1,所以有时忽略漏阻抗,空载等 效电路只是一个zm元件的电路。 在U1 一定的情况下,I0大小取决于Zm的大小。从运行角度讲,希 望I0 越小越好,所以变压器常采用高导磁材料,增大 zm ,减小 I0 ,提高运行效率和功率因数。

《变压器简介》PPT课件

《变压器简介》PPT课件
我們以带基/基材的不同分类有: 环氧胶带(epoxy tape)、聚酸亚胺胶带 (polyimide tape)、聚四氟乙烯胶带(PTFE Tape)、乙烯树脂胶帶(Vinyi Tapy)、聚酯薄膜(Polyeseter Taye)、強化纤维胶带(Filament Tape)、 合成物薄膜(Composite Tape)、玻璃布(Glass Cloth)、乙醋酸布(Acetate Cloth)、纸带 (Paper)
乾燥時間
7
含浸 (乾燥)
含浸機
整理ppt
首次調配比例(容積比) 濃度 含浸時間 含浸限度 除滴時間 干燥溫度及干燥時間
外觀檢查 測定
品名表示 尺寸,安全距離 外觀,線傷 PITCH 校正
測定機點檢 儀器規格設定 標準品確認 (耐壓機適用) L值 耐電壓 卷數比,極性 層間耐壓
入庫檢查
L值 耐電壓 卷數比,極性 絕緣抵抗 層間耐壓 RDC 洩漏L值 銲錫性 尺寸 PITCH確認 外觀,安全距離 斷線,短路 混入防止
, 与外磁场方向相差不大的那部分磁畴逐渐转向外磁场方向(图4-2(b)) 当
从磁场继续增大时,与外磁场方向相近的磁畴已经趋向于外磁场方向,那些 与磁场方向相差较大的磁畴克服“摩擦”,也开始转向外磁场方向(图4-2(c))
,因此磁感应B随H增大急剧上升,如磁化曲线ab段。磁化曲线到达b点后,
大部分磁畴已趋向了外磁场,从此再增加磁场强度,可转动的磁畴越来越少
f) 胶(EPOXY RESIN):在变压器中,胶用于接合.固定或灌注
g) 凡立水:用以固定线包,防潮、增强绝缘
2
整理ppt
二、变压器的基本工作原理
变压器的基本工作原理是电磁感应原理。当交流电压 加到一次侧绕组后交流电流流入该绕组就产生励磁作用, 在铁芯中产生交变的磁通,这个交变磁通不仅穿过一次侧 绕组,同时也穿过二次侧绕组,它分别在两个绕组中引起 感应电动势。

《变压器》ppt教学课件

《变压器》ppt教学课件

环保化
随着环保意识的提高,对电力设 备的环保性能要求也越来越高。 变压器作为电力系统的核心设备, 其环保性能的提升也是未来的重
要发展趋势。
新材料应用
高导磁料
绝缘材料
高导磁材料可以提高变压器的磁性能, 减小变压器的体积和重量,提高其能 效。
新型绝缘材料可以提高变压器的绝缘 性能和耐热性能,从而提高变压器的 安全性和寿命。
如绕组、铁芯、变压器油等部件出现故障, 应根据具体情况进行修复或更换。
及时处理异常情况
如发现变压器存在异常现象,应及时进行处 理,防止故障扩大。
加强维护和保养
定期对变压器进行维护和保养,保持其良好 的运行状态。
提高运行管理水平
加强变压器的运行管理,合理配置保护装置, 提高变压器的安全性和稳定性。
06
03
变压器工作特性
电压变换特性
总结词
描述变压器如何通过电磁感应原理实现电压的升高或降低。
详细描述
变压器通过一次侧和二次侧的线圈之间的电磁感应原理,实现电压的升高或降低 。当变压器的一次侧线圈输入交流电时,产生变化的磁场,该磁场在二次侧线圈 中感应出相应的电压,从而实现电压的变换。
电流变换特性
总结词
《变压器》教学课件
目录
• 变压器概述 • 变压器组成结构 • 变压器工作特性 • 变压器运行与维护 • 变压器故障与处理 • 变压器发展趋势与新技术应用
01
变压器概述
变压器定义
变压器定义
变压器是一种利用电磁感应原理改变交流电压的设备,主要由初级和次级线圈 以及铁芯组成。
变压器在电力系统中的作用
铁芯的作用
铁芯在变压器中起到导磁 的作用,将一次侧和二次 侧的磁场联系起来,实现 能量的传输。

变压器的基础知识ppt课件

变压器的基础知识ppt课件
远距离输电------几十万至100万伏
变压器可以改变交流电压
7
变压器的作用
变压器在电力系统中的作用:
发电厂发出的电能往往需经远距离传输才能到达用 电地区,为了降低线路损耗,需用变压器将发电机端的 电压升高以后再输送出去,在受电端又必须经变压器将 高电压降低到配电系统适用的电压。
8
几种常见的变压器
34
变压器的常见故障
内部放电故障
主绝缘击穿
35
变压器的常见故障
变压器着火
变压器线圈损坏
36
课程回顾
历史 作用 工作原理 变压器 分类 主要技术参数 基本结构 常见故障
37
收益
对变压器有了基本的了解
38
39
法拉第环(第一个变压器)
5
试验现象解释
交流电源 一次绕组
电感生磁 二次绕组
磁感生电 电能
一二次绕组匝数不相等时,起到了改变电 压的作用,这就是——变压器
6
变压器的作用
照明灯电压------220伏 机床上照明灯------36伏 半导体收音机电源电压不超过10伏
大型发电机交流电压------几万伏
16
变压器的类型
3.按冷却方式分:
充气式变压器
油浸式变压器
干式变压器
17
变压器的类型
4.按调压方式分: 有载调压变压器 无载调压变压器 5.按绕组结构分: 双绕组变压器 三绕组变压器 自耦变压器
18
变压器的主要技术参数
1.相数和额定频率:电力变压器一般做成三相的,小型变压器有制成单相的, 特大型变压器做成单相后组成三相变压器。我国电力变压器的额定频率 为50HZ。 2.额定容量:变压器在厂家铭牌规定的额定电压、额定电流时连续运行所能 输送的容量。 3.额定电压:变压器长时间运行所能承受的工作电压。 4.额定电流:变压器在额定容量下,允许长期通过的工作电流。 5.空载损耗:变压器在二次开路、一次侧施加额定电压时,变压器铁芯所产 生的有功损耗。 6.负载损耗:将变压器的二次绕组短路,流经一次绕组的电流为额定电流时, 变压器绕组所消耗的有功功率。 7.阻抗电压:将变压器二次绕组短路,使一次绕组电压慢慢加大,党二次绕 组的短路电流达到额定电流时,一次绕组所施加的电压与额定电压的比 值百分数,就是阻抗电压。

变压器课程课件-PPT精品文档

变压器课程课件-PPT精品文档
u N 2 0 e 2 2 d t
其中,i0— 空载电流;u20— 二次绕组的空载电压;r1— 一次绕组的 电阻。φm— 主磁通;φ1σ — 一次绕组漏磁通。
9


1、感应电动势与主磁通 空载运行时,忽略i0r1和e1σ
d m e N N s i n ( t 9 0 ) E s i n ( t π / 2 ) 1 1 1 m 1 m d t d m e N N s i n ( t 9 0 ) E s i n ( t π / 2 ) 2 2 2 m 2 m d t
UU /2 3 5 k V / 0 . 4 k V 1 N N
试求一次、二次绕组的额定电流。 解:
3 S 1 6 01 0 I N A2 . 6 4 A 1 N 3 3 U 33 51 0 1 N
3 S 1 6 01 0 I N A2 3 0 . 9 A 2 N 3 3 U 30 . 41 0 2 N
1
U E N 1 1 1 K U2 E N2 2
K——匝比
忽略铁心中的损耗,根据能量守恒定律,有: UI 1 1 U 2I2
二、变压器的分类
按用途分:电力变压器和特种变压器。 按绕组数目分:单绕组(自耦)变压器、双绕组变压器、三绕组 变压器和多绕组变压器。 按相数分:单相变压器、三相变压器和多相变压器。 按铁心结构分:芯式变压器和壳式变压器。 按调压方式分:无励磁调压变压器和有载调压变压器。 按冷却介质和冷却方式分:干式变压器、油浸式变压器和充气 式变压器。
1—铁心柱 2—铁轭 3—绕组
5
1—信号式温度计 2—吸湿器
3—储油柜
4—油位计 5—安全气道
6—气体继电器

《变压器》课件1PPT文档49页

《变压器》课件1PPT文档49页
《变压器》课件1
56、极端的法规,就是极端的不公。 ——西 塞罗 57、法律一旦成为人们的需要,人们 就不再 配享受 自由了 。—— 毕达哥 拉斯 58、法律规定的惩罚不是为了私人的 利益, 而是为 了公共 的利益 ;一部 分靠有 害的强 制,一 部分靠 榜样的 效力。 ——格 老秀斯 59、假如没有法律他们会更快乐的话 ,那么 法律作 为一件 无用之 物自己 就会消 灭。— —洛克
60、人民的幸福是至高无个的法。— —西塞 罗
66、节制使快乐增加并使享受加强。 ——德 谟克利 特 67、今天应做的事没有做,明天再早也 是耽误 了。——裴斯 泰洛齐 68、决定一个人的一生,以及整个命运 的,只 是一瞬 之间一桩大罪过。——卢梭

ABB整流变压器[英语]

ABB整流变压器[英语]

Special Transformers Furnace and Rectifi er TransformersABB Oy Transformers has a long experience and lots of references from different applications, having a global responsibility within ABB for manufacturing special transformers.Our compact and low-weight transformers fully comply withthe customers’ specifi cations. The products are developedtogether with ABB’s system integrators, ensuring that thespecial requirements are always met.The high quality of our reliable products provides an out-standing capacity to withstand short circuits, harmonics,as well as fast and large load fl uctuations. Arc furnaces andelectrolysis operations also put tough stresses on trans-formers. Special type tests and quality control ensure safeoperation, while ABB’s product support and service network guarantee free-and-easy use of products.Furnace and rectifi er transformers manufactured by ABB Oy Transformers in Vaasa, Finland:• Transformers for diode and thyristor rectifi ers with or without OLTC• AC arc furnace transformers with or without OLTC• DC arc furnace transformersSafety and reliabilitySpecial attention is always paid to safety and reliability issues. Required transformer protection equipment, e.g. cooling system with redundancy, is delivered and provided according to project requirements.StandardsThe following standards govern the furnace and rectifi er transformers, and their application fi eld:TestingExtensive and heavy type testing programs have been performed for each design of the transformers to fulfi ll the special requirements of the customers. The test fi eld has a supply power of 150 MVA. It is also possible to arrange com-bined system tests.IEC IEEEIEC 60076 series IEEE C57.12.00IEC 61378-1IEEE C57.12.90IEC 60146IEEE C57.18IEC 60214Rectifi er transformers are combined with a diode or thyristorrectifi er. The applications range from very large aluminum electrolysis to various small and medium size operations. The transformers may have a built-in or separate voltage regulation unit for direct output regulation of diode rectifi ers,and correspondingly a power factor improvement with a thyristor rectifier.Electrolysis processes are used for the production of metals,such as aluminum, magnesium, copper and zinc, or chemicals,mainly chlorine. The largest installations are those for aluminum electrolysis with several transformer/rectifi er units in parallel operation to achieve the required DC current. In all cases the rectifier can be with diodes or thyristors.Electrolysis is generally considered to be a continuous andstable process, but with a constant high loading and currentharmonics.Due to a large variety of applications, there are severalinfl uencing factors to consider:• Rectifi er bridge connection: for medium to high DC vol- tage level.• Rectifi er single-way interphase connection: for low DCvoltage levels combined with high DC currents. • Thyristor or diode rectifi er.• Voltage range and step voltage.• Double-tier: HV and LV windings in two levels, and wye and delta connection to achieve a 12-pulse reaction.• Pulse numbers higher than 12: requires additional phase shifting windings.• LV winding arrangements: adapted to minimize the winding hotspots and infl uence of harmonics.• LV bushing arrangement: adapted to rectifi er design and to limit structural heating. Bushings are typically mountedon the tank side wall.Thyristor rectifi ers normally require transformer voltage regu-lation with a no-load tap changer (NLTC), if any. For small voltage regulation ranges the NLTC can be situated in a HV tapped winding. In comparison, diode rectifi ers have a longer range and a higher number of smaller voltage steps in the transformer. A multi-coarse-fi ne on-load tap changer (OLTC) or an OLTC/NLTC combination is preferred, together with LV-side saturable reactors for the voltage fi ne-tuning. The required double-wound or auto-connected regulating transformer can, depending on transport or site limitations, be built into the same tank as the rectifier transformer, or into a separate tank.For various electrolysis and smelting applications, such as aluminum and other metals and chlorine.An active part of the rectifi er transformer with the Inter Phase Transformer.An AC furnace transformer with side-mounted secondary bushings.Furnace transformers for long-arc (steel) and short-arc (ferro-alloy) operations.ABB produces transformers for all furnace applications. A robust design guarantees mechanical strength for steel furnace operation and temperature control for continuous high loads in ferro-alloy operation.Arc furnaces are used in steel industry for smelting scrap iron and for refi ning steel. Other application areas are:•Smelting glass and ceramics• Manufacturing or refi ning many other materials, e.g. ferrochromium, ferromanganese, different abrasive materials (oxides and nitrides), semiconducting base materials, nanopowders etc.Electric arc furnace (EAF) transformers are required for many different furnace processes and applications. They are built for:• Steel furnaces, mainly long arc • Ladle furnaces• Ferro-alloy furnaces and similar with short or submerged arc• Smelting of other materialsSteel arc furnace transformers operate under very severe conditions with regard to frequent overcurrents and over-voltages generated by short-circuits in the furnace and the operation of the HV circuit breaker (“furnace breaker”). The loading is cyclic, while in other applications the loading is more continuous at high utilization.Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) can be either of AC or DC arc furnaces. The power ratings of these transformers are 20...200 MVA. Reactors are often needed to smoothen the fl uctuations, either in the same tank or in a separate unit. Ladle furnaces (LF) are AC furnaces typically of 3...40 MW. The application is less demanding for the transformer than smelting, because the arc is rather stable. The arcing occurs between the electrodes and the molten steel.ABB’s EAF transformers are rigidly designed to withstand repeated short-circuit conditions and high thermal stresses. They are also protected against operational overvoltages due to frequent switching.Design options:• Direct or indirect regulation• On-load or no-load tap changer (OLTC or NLTC)• Built-in reactor for long-arc stability• Secondary bushing arrangements and designs, air or water cooled• Internal secondary phase closure (internal delta)• RC-SA high voltage protection systemDC arc furnaces are mainly for steel production.Transformers for DC furnace operation are normally providedin a transformer/rectifi er package. DC furnaces are typicallyone of the largest arc furnaces. The full package can bemanufactured and supplied by ABB.Being a rectifi er transformer for furnace operation, the DCfurnace transformer has to withstand the characteristicstresses of furnace operation, as well as the additionalstresses related to rectifi er operation, including generatedcurrent harmonics. Also, the HV side needs to be protectedfrom frequent switching overvoltages.An AC arc furnace transformer of 36 MVA with the secondary current of 97 kA.Most large DC arc furnaces are built for steel production. Theuse of a thyristor rectifi er for the conversion to DC normallyreduces the requirement for on-load voltage regulation of thefurnace transformer. The step voltages are larger than for anAC furnace transformer, and a no-load tap changer (NLTC) isadequate in many applications.DesignDC furnace transformers are mostly built with two axiallydisplaced LV windings, normally one connected in delta andone in wye, each having a separate high voltage winding. Inthis double-tier design the transformer is connected to twosix-pulse rectifi ers, adding up to a 12-pulse system or twoparallel 6-pulse systems. The regulation of the LV transformervoltage is normally done by using a NLTC in the primarywinding. The location of the 6-pulse rectifi ers can be onthe same side of the transformer or on opposite sides, asrequired by the plant layout.ReferencesABB Oy Transformers in Vaasa, Finland has supplied fur-nace and rectifi er transformers to main steel and copperproducers, as well as leading chemical companies aroundthe world.The ABB Oy Transformers factory is located in Strömberg Park, Vaasa.。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Virtually all existing power transformers were made for 3-phase systems.
12 3
Three Phase Symetrical Voltage
1.T5 hree Phase Systems
6.67 ms
6.67 ms
1
Basic physics
surroundings a magnetic field. 2) A varying magnetic field will cause a voltage to appear on a
Basic physics The Transformer
The main transformer input is one voltage and the power. The main transformer output is another voltage and virtually the same power.
Plus possible grounding bushings and/or test bushings
Three Phase Transformer
6 or more bushings.
Basic physics Main physical principle
What makes the transformer possible are two physical facts: 1) A current flowing through a conductor will create on its
Power Transformers
The Vital component in Power Systems来自1-Content
Basic Physics Components Active Part Cost Drivers Testing Order execution Manufacturing process Packing and shipping Quality Applications
The Transformer
Tap Changer to regulate output voltage
Basic physics Three Phase Systems
Varying voltages and currents means in time varying power. To obtain reduced power variation it is much better to generate and consume electric energy using 3 phases rather than just one.
6.67 ms
Voltage
0.5 The yTelhloewpTuvhroeplltbealguveolivtsaogildteaeginseticidsaelindttoeicntathliectaobllttuhoeetbhyueetlplouwrple but
it is dibsuptlaitciteisdisd1di2sip0spladlcaeecgderde1e12s20o0dr deragetgrhererses6o.or6rr7artahtherer66.6.677 Time Ur
Generator Step-Up transformers
System transformers
Content
Basic Physics Components Active Part Cost Drivers Testing Order execution Manufacturing process Packing and shipping Quality Applications
Power enter through bushings at a certain voltage
Coolers to dissipate the heat.
Inside the tank are the windings and core
Conservator to allow expansion of insulating oil.
Power (MVA) = Sqrt3 x Voltage (kV) x Current (A) Thus the current is given indirectly!
A small part of the energy will leave the transformer as heat.
100% POWER
0 millismeciollnisdmesci(lolfinosdrescao(5fno0drsHa(zf5os0ryHsatze5m0sy.H)stzesmy.s)tem.)
Us
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ut
-0.5
-1
-1.5
3 Low Voltage Bushings
3 High Voltage Bushings
99.7% POWER
VOLTAGE 1
VOLTAGE 2
Ex: 100 MVA and 230 kV gives 251 A
Ex: 100 MVA and 23 kV gives 2510 A
A transformer may operate with the power flowing in any direction.
Why Power Transformers?
With Transformers men can produce, transport and distribute electricity at the most convenient (economical!) Voltages.
A transformer is a component that receives power at one voltage and delivers virtually the same power at another voltage.
相关文档
最新文档