权利法案_美国__中英文

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权利法案中英文版

权利法案中英文版The Rights Bill 英文原文：The Rights Bill, officially known as the Bill of Rights, is a crucial piece of legislation in many countries around the world, including the United States. Its purpose is to protect and guarantee certain fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. The Bill of Rights forms an essential part of the constitution and ensures that the government respects and upholds the rights of its citizens.The Rights Bill is a cornerstone of democratic societies and embodies the principles of equality, justice, and liberty. It includes provisions that safeguard citizens' freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and the right to bear arms. These rights are considered fundamental and are deemed necessary for the functioning of a free and fair society.One of the most significant aspects of the Rights Bill is its protection of individual rights against government abuse of power. It establishes rules and limitations on governmental actions, preventing encroachments on civil liberties. The Bill ensures that the government cannot unlawfully search or seize property without probable cause, guarantees the right to a fair trial, and prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.Moreover, the Rights Bill grants citizens the right to privacy and protects them from unreasonable searches and surveillance. It underscores the importance of personal autonomy and establishes clear boundaries regarding government intrusion into people's private lives.The Rights Bill also addresses issues of due process and protects individuals from arbitrary deprivation of life, liberty, or property. It ensures that all citizens are entitled to fair and impartial treatment by the legal system. Additionally, it guarantees the right to legal representation, the right to confront accusers, and the right to remain silent during police interrogations.In addition to protecting individual rights, the Rights Bill also includes provisions regarding the rights of minority groups. It prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation. This ensures equal treatment and opportunities for all individuals within society.The Rights Bill is not without controversy. Some argue that certain rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights may conflict with the greater good or national security. There are ongoing debates regarding the interpretation and application of these rights in specific situations. Balancing individual freedoms with collective interests remains a challenge for lawmakers and the judiciary.In conclusion, the Rights Bill plays a vital role in safeguarding the rights and freedoms of individuals in democratic societies. Its provisions protect citizens from government encroachment, ensure due process, and promote equality. The Bill of Rights symbolizes the commitment to a fair and just society, where every individual is entitled to basic human rights and liberties.。

美国人权法案-英文版

The United States Bill of Rights. The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United StatesPassed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791“The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of The Pennsylvania State University’s ElectronicClassic’s Series, Jim Manis, Senior Faculty Editor.The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.This publication of “The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way.“The United States Bill of Rights” the Pennsylvania State University, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them.Copyright © 1998 The Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the free-dom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to pe-tition the Government for a redress of griev-ances.II A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.III No soldier shall, in time of peace be quar-tered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shallThe United States Bill of Rights.The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United States Passed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791issue, but upon probble cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describ-ing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same of-fense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compen-sation.VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been com-mitted, which district shall have been previ-ously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit-nesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.VII In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.The Bill of RightsVIII Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un-usual punishments inflicted.IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States re-spectively, or to the people.The Bill of Rights。

美国权利法案原文

权利法案原文第一条Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

第二条A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

第三条No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。

第四条The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。

权利法案

发展历史
1787年美国宪法草案提交各州立法机构批准时，有些人提出了宪法无法保障人民基本权利的疑虑(很多人都持怀疑态度，甚至敌视，当时问世的7条正文，没有一条是保障公民人身自由与安全的人权条款)。对此，支持宪法草案的美国联邦党人向美国人民保证，将会在第一届国会会期时在宪法中加入权利法案。同时杰弗逊等人奔走呼吁，要求在宪法中增加包括信仰自由、出版自由、陪审制度等人权条款。以保证“生命权、自由权和追求幸福之权”(独立宣言)。
权利法案包括了言论、新闻、宗教与集社等方面的自由与权利。权利法案也向美国人民保证，权利法案中所列出的权利并不是美国人民所能够享有的全部权利，而仅仅是人民所拥有的最重要的权利。
1789年最初有12条修正案被提出，但其中2条未能通过。1791年12月15日，其余的10条修正案获得通过，成为现在所称的《权利法案》。权利法案草案中的第11条在1992年最终获得批准，成为宪法第27条修正案。这条修正案禁止国会随意提高对议员的薪酬。理论上说，第12条的权利法案草案依然在讨论中，但是不太可能获得通过。
影响与评价
《权利法案》的第一条，即美国宪法第一修正案对美国影响巨大。美国媒体所享有的一切自由都源于此，在美国，凡是涉及言论、新闻、出版等诉讼，往往都会搬出此，它几乎成为美国媒体或个人言论自由的护身符，不可动摇。以至于美国人把它颂扬为“美国生活方式”的主要内容。但是《权利法案》没有修正宪法的一个重大缺陷，即对奴隶制的确认，这使后来的南方地区农奴制扩张大大增长。
译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。
第二条（Amendment II）
A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.

《权利法案》名词解释

《权利法案》名词解释《权利法案》英文原名是Bill of Rights，由马萨诸塞州议会通过，该法案授予英国国王在美国境内自由发行钞票、铸造货币、征收关税、统领海军等权力。

美国独立宣言的主要目的是防止专制，解放黑奴，保障人民自由，建立联邦，拥护独立。

由于这次革命是以北美殖民地人民为代表的资产阶级革命，所以又叫做“人民革命”。

它打破了英国君主的专制统治，扫清了美国革命的道路，所以又叫做“资产阶级革命”。

《权利法案》就是英国历史上第一部资产阶级成文宪法。

当时的美国政治体系是联邦与州共存，联邦政府和州政府互相独立，这样形成了各自相对独立的政治局面。

英国女王维多利亚和大陆会议之间有明显的不同。

这里需要说明的是英国最高决策机构“英国议会”的选举方式。

在英国，由于立法权属于国会，所以参加议会投票的代表必须是大陆上的英国居民，即白种人，非英国的任何其他族群都不具备选举权。

中世纪的欧洲，绝大多数国家都实行长子继承制。

一个国家的王位继承法，基本上决定了该国政治格局。

因此，英国是如何保持稳定的统一局面的？这与《权利法案》有密切关系。

英国自古以来，都是世袭制的君主专制国家。

当时的美国虽然也是君主专制，但是宪法规定了美国人民享有“不可剥夺的生命、自由和财产权”。

也就是说，美国人民的生命、自由和财产权，受到了法律的保护。

而英国是没有任何保护的。

这是《权利法案》的基础。

但到了13世纪，随着英国君主专制统治的加强，国王们开始滥用权力，一些贵族、地主不断积累起来的经济和政治势力也逐渐膨胀起来。

为了更好的掌握国家的统治权，他们不断的结成各种各样的政治同盟，最终导致了英国君主专制的日益衰落。

英国国王想把英国的权力集中到自己手里，以便永远统治英国。

在封建社会末期，也就是英国资产阶级革命爆发前夕，逐步确立起了限制王权的思想观念——分权学说。

《权利法案》正式颁布后，人们称呼这部法典为《权利法案》。

它标志着英国君主立宪制度的建立。

《权利法案》的出现，使得英国成为世界上第一个真正意义上的民主共和国。

Affirmtive Action-美国“权利法案”的英文辩论稿

Con: When there exists discrimination, then there comes Affirmative Action. As we all can see, although racial segregation has been banned lawfully, discrimination still exists everywhere. For example, jobs and opportunities of receiving education were distributed unfairly. The colored people and woman who suffer from low levels of early education were always having trouble to find jobs or go to universities. It’s not equal at all. As minorities, they can hardly beat the majority, so it’s necessary to protect their rights lawfully.Pro: The thoughts might be good, but the action has gone too far. It is out of the question to fight against discrimination with the help of discrimination, only to change the target from minority groups to the majority group. Giving advantages to the minority when it comes to job finding or other cases is actually discrimination against the majority. It is not only against the constitution because of its actual inequality, but also hurting the better educated but less racial advantaged groups.Con: This is not a reason to blame the affirmative action. In fact, equality should not be always pursuing when you are formulating policies. For example, taxing more to the rich obviously h urts the principle of equality, but it’s fair. Fairness is better to be pursued within policy formulation. Affirmative action is such a kind of inequal but fair policy. Also, it’s not actually discrimination, it’s inclusion. It’s an effort to overcome prej udice rather than a new type of discrimination. Those who benefit from the action would say it.Pro: But how did the action proceeds? Through quota? The creed of the action is undoubtedly good, but the ways to do the action are rigid and unreasonable. The quota is a fixed number, but the real situation might be so complicated that a number can never be fitful every time. Results have shown that about half of black college students rank in the bottom 20 percent of their classes. That is eventually frustrating them, not helping them.Con: But we have offered them opportunity. Fair opportunities. Once these opportunities are offered, it will depend on themselves to achieve their success. The example you mentioned might be caused by a lot of reasons, it is unfair to just blame the affirmative action. I can give a better example that women are actually benefiting from the action. According to a 1995 study, there are at least six million women who simply wouldn't have the jobs they have today without the action.Pro: But how about Asians? The situation that Asian Americans are still suffering from low university admissive rates shows that the affirmative action doesn’t let people of all races enjoy that so-called fair opportunities. Asians are actually suffering from it. They are still facing prejudice.Con: It is not the fault of the affirmative action, but the long-standing stereotype that Asians are congenital advantageous in academics. They always have better ranks in exams, therefore, some conventional white Americans may set implicit quotas to restrict them. That’s what the affirmative action are fighting against too. The affirmative action is trying to make sure that diversity in workplaces or universities is guaranteed, and it to some extent has achieved the goal. There is no reason for the action itself to discriminate some specific races.P ro: Diversity? I don’t think specifically promoting some races’ rights would improve diversity. The implementation is often solely based on superficial factors rather than really-in-need sorts of diversity such as aspect diversity and viewpoint diversity. The truth is that taking only superficial conditions in consideration can never really achieve fairness that the action want to achieve. The inner class inequality might destroy the beautiful dreams. It turns out thatpeople benefit from the action tend to be middle- and upper-class African Americans and Hispanics. But lower-class white Americans as well as Asian Americans are suffering from it. In a word, the whole action is just like a compensation action rather than an action aiming at fairness and equality.Con: You have totally mistaken it! The affirmative action is aiming at distributing opportunity fairly among all of the racial groups. Property, family fame and other factors should not be considered in this situation. Let the welfare policy do the job. The affirmative action is made to protect the lawful rights of the minorities. I admit that there shall be more relevant policies to prevent the situations that you have mentioned, but the action itself is necessary to make them receive fair opportunities.Pro: But as I have mentioned, in regarding to the reverse discrimination that it has caused, such kinds of imperfections are harming universal human rights. And, since it may beneficial to the minorities at a short period, it is harmful in a long term. Affirmative action carries with it a stigma that can create feelings of self-doubt and entitlement in minorities, which will never contribute to racial equality.。

权利法案中英文对照

权利法案原文

权利法案原文第一条 Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

[编辑]第二条 Amendment IIA well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不得侵犯。

[编辑]第三条 Amendment IIINo Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。

[编辑]第四条 Amendment IVThe right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。

(美国权利法案美国宪法的十项原始修正案)The United States Bill of Rights

End of the Project Gutenberg etext of The United States Bill of Rights
V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War
VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

the Bill of Rights 美国权利法案

Feel Free to SayThere is a famous quote said by Voltaire, “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” These are the best words to impress on us how important the freedom of speech and press is. Historically, it is hard to ignore the far-reaching implications for the U.S. created by Amendment I from the Bill of Rights.The great law is to protect the right of every single identity including individuals and organizations to express his or its ideas by any unharmful action, not only the words. For example, there was a case that three children prosecuted their school for punishing their wearing black veils in order to be against the Vietnam War in 1965. In the end, the court also used Amendment I from the Bill of Rights to explain these children’s actions were legal. It was famous because it showed everyone has the right given by the Bill of Rights to express their ways more than words. What’s more, why does Amendment I from the Bill of Rights make us live better？The point is it protects opportunities to voice different opinions or ideas, which limits any power around us and provide unlimited resources to improve the society. It should have far-reaching implications because it is the basic human right for everyone.Amendment I from the Bill of Rights is a great law that makes our society beautiful. As those great legislators did two hundred years ago, every great judge will use it to finish his mission to protect people, and it will prevent the U.S. people from any violation of freedom behaviors in the future.。

权利法案

权利法案第一条 Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

第二条 Amendment IIA well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

第三条 Amendment IIINo Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。

第四条 Amendment IVThe right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。

权利法案

译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。除依照合理根据，以宣誓或代誓宣言保证，并具体说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物，不得发出搜查和扣押状。
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• Right to privacy • 1886年芝加哥秣市惨案
1/2/2017
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第五条修正案 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
The Bill of Rights
第一条修正案 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

权利法案1791

权利法案（美国）（中英文）东方法眼按：1787年在费城起草的宪法，在各州审议批准的过程中，也有不少美国公民感到不安，因为宪法中并没有明确保障个人的权利。

因此，《宪法》补充了10条修正案，统一称为《权利法案》，英文叫The Bill of Rights。

由于补充了《权利法案》，《宪法》在13个州均获批准，并于1791年生效。

第一条Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

第二条Amendment IIA well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

第三条Amendment IIINo Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。

美国权利法案

Evaluation of the American bill of rightsIn Philadelphia in 1787 drafted the constitution, and approved at the state of the process, there are also many americans feel uneasy, because did not explicitly protect individual rights in the constitution. Therefore, added 10 amendments to The constitution, called The Bill of Rights, English name is The Bill of Rights. Because of The added to The Bill of Rights, The constitution in 13 states were approved, and came into force in 1789.Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion，or prohibiting the free exercise thereof；or abridging the freedom of speech，or of the press；or the right of the people peaceably to assemble，and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.Amendment IIA well regulated Militia，being necessary to the security of a free State，the right of the people to keep and bear Arms，shall not be infringed.Amendment IIINo Soldier shall，in time of peace be quartered in any house，without the consent of the Owner，nor in time of war，but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment IVThe right of the people to be secure in their persons，houses，papers，and effects，against unreasonable searches and seizures，shall not be violated，and no Warrants shall issue，but upon probable cause，supported by Oath or affirmation，and particularly describing the place to be searched，and the persons or things to be seized.Amendment VNo person shall be held to answer for a capital，or otherwise infamous crime，unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury，except in cases arising in the land or naval forces，or in the Militia，when in actual service in time of War or public danger；nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb；nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself，nor be deprived of life，liberty，or property，without due process of law；nor shall private property be taken for public use，without just compensation.Amendment VIIn all criminal prosecutions，the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial，by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall ave been committed，which district shall have been previously ascertained by law，and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation；to be confronted with the witnesses against him；to have compulsory process for obtaining itnesses in his favor，and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.Amendment VIIIn suits at common law，where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars，the right of trial by jury shall be preserved，and no fact tried by a jury，shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States，than according tothe rules of the common law.Amendment VIIIExcessive bail shall not be required，nor excessive fines imposed，nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.Amendment IXThe enumeration in the Constitution，of certain rights，shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.Amendment XThe powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution，nor prohibited by it to the States，are reserved to the States respectively，or to the people.Bill of rights is born is considered only constraint the federal government, not state.After the civil war, the 14th amendment to strengthen the protection of individual rights, and the states' rights restrictions, but the court focused on just property rights.40 or 50 s of the 20th century, the court will be the introduction of the right choice in the bill of rights in the 14th amendment, the court's center of gravity to the personal rights.Modern, the United States in terms of personal right protection and equal protection have very big development, states and cities set up a human rights, a new batch of the Civil Rights Act, congress and also appeared the new rights such as right of privacy and environment.The first, the birth of the bill of rightsThe original constitution drafted by the United States in 1787 and there is no direct provision of individual rights, but only rules for government organization structure and power.After completion of the draft constitution by states refused to ratify, states are required in the original constitution attached a bill of rights for approval after the constitution of the premise.The federal government to compromise finally, Madison drafted later became a federal ten amendments to the bill of rights was passed in 1791. So why so strong states in the United States and the people the requirements stipulated in the constitution of the contents of the protection of individual rights?We can return to the United States of the colonial period to find the answer.Immigrants came to America either for reasons of religious or political persecution or unemployment bankruptcy, etc., they have obvious thing in common, that is looking for freedom and democracy in the new land, they hate and fear abnormal dictatorship.So as early as 1641 years of colonial period had the free hand, Massachusetts, in 1682, the government organic law, Pennsylvania.So early in the colonial period, the American people will gradually formed a kind of pursuit and protection of individual rights, limited government, demanding democracy the traditional concept of freedom.Now looking back at the bill of rights in its birth on two defects: one is not the rights that citizens receive equal protection under the second is only binding on the federal government at that time, no binding on the states.Due to the time of the Washington government rarely interference of individual rights, so in a period of time after the birth of the bill of rights, the American people have few chances to use theguarantee specified in the bill of rights, and because of its constraints only the federal government, that the bill of rights to the American people have the sense of touch "and".The second, the void of the civil rights(a) the arrival of the 14th amendmentThe American civil war the southern blacks slaves liberated, in order to ensure the achievement of war, the 14th amendment in 1868 to join the federal constitution.The arrival of the 14th amendment first make no racial difference of equality as a basic constitutional principles, the second is on limit state power, the federal government, civil rights protection.But at this time of the 14th amendment and the bill of rights "formed" had not yet been in slaughterhouses (1873) of ruling, the court said a violated by the federal bill of rights guarantee the rights of the state is not in violation of the 14th amendment privilege and exemption clause.At this time of the 14th amendment to become big business charter, "was the focus almost entirely on the property rights law."At this time of the 14th amendment of civil rights, almost no direct, it has been proved for freed slaves did not provide any practical help.In 1896 in plessy v. Flo's decision, the court said as long as give black and white the same facilities will not violate the 14th amendment, its development has become a kind of "separate but equal" theory, make the black in the net of "・Jim Crow laws".(b) of the Civil Rights Act of congressDrawn up after the civil war amendments have such one, behind the "parliament has the right to pass legislation to strengthen the provisions", the executive items constitute the basis for the constitution of the Civil Rights Act of congress.Congress in the sixties and seventies of the 19th century made the four Civil Rights Act, which is trying to make the black entitled to enter into a contract, filed a lawsuit and own property rights of citizens, and the effectiveness of the method of congress extended to "anyone", that is not only a state, including personal.This theory are negated by civil rights in 1883, under the jurisdiction of the court ruled that congress can't discrimination is purely personal properties.This period of the Civil Rights Act is the ultimate fate of either by the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional, or by parliament abolished, eventually become a dead letter.So after the American civil war to the end of the 19th century during this period, despite the 14th amendment and congress of the Civil Rights Act, but both are the court's decision is no effect.So the whole of the 19th century the rights of the people of the United States in a vague state!The third, from property rights to the personal right(a) The Supreme Court's centre of gravity shiftAs mentioned above, the end of the 19th century court focus completely on the property rights, so in the first 20 years of the 20th century, the state has not been changed.During this time the Supreme Court because of the influence of laissez-faire, using the due process clause that the federal government's many legislation aims to safeguard social stability and nullified.This approach greatly limit the federal government to exercise power, President Roosevelt eventually "reorganization court" plan is put forward.After the court began to give up the original theory of due process, announced that the federal government about the security of social welfare legislation is constitutional, and shifted the focus from the property rights to personal rights.This is Edward ・si ・g loewen described as a "limited constitution revolution".(b) The two campaigns in the Supreme CourtThe middle of the 20th century, the Supreme Court from two aspects, to strengthen the protection of personal rights.First of all, the Supreme Court "through an absorption process" the bill of rights of the rights promised in selectively introduced in the 14th amendment's due process clause, states also restricted because of the bill of rights.Although is only the "choice" to absorb, but after 25 years, expanding the court with a number of rights protected by the bill of rights, states with constraints.It is because the 14th amendment of the bill of rights, make those rights are the substantial content.Another movement of the Supreme Court is to give the 14th amendment's equal protection clause to effectiveness, changed the past "separate but equal" attitude.During the second world war, the Supreme Court's attitude toward racial discrimination beginning to change, in 1944 the Supreme Court cancelled declared that "white superiority", limiting most southern blacks to participate in political activities.And the Supreme Court began to change views that isolate itself is a kind of inherent inequality, isolating itself constitutes a discrimination.Although the court did not overturn plessy v. Flo's case in 1896, but the attitude of the Supreme Court has begun to change, from the original "separate but equal" to now "isolation as inequality".The fourth, the new development of rightsAfter the middle of the 20th century, the United States into the warren court period (1954 ~ 1969), the Supreme Court gives person takes precedence over property status, further strengthen the protection of personal right, the rights granted a broader meaning.This period of "brown v board of education" finally overthrew the principle of "separate but equal", then the Supreme Court will also extend to the citizens' political rights and of equal protection areas of criminal defendants.Equality has become one of the theme of the contemporary American law.Congress makes the Civil Rights Act has two very similar period in our history, it isafter the civil war, one is after the second world war the fifties and sixties.But this period of the Civil Rights Act after the civil war period, the Civil Rights Act of congress than lucky, because they won the approval of the Supreme Court.And, by this time the Supreme Court ruled that congress legislation not only can constraint "state behavior", can also be constraints "personal".In order to better enforcement of laws against racial discrimination, states and cities have set up special administrative agencies to carry out anti-discrimination laws.The organization for human rights has become the United States government guarantee of individual rights and new tools, although can not fundamentally solve the problem of racial discrimination, but undoubtedly the establishment of human rights institutions can strengthen the effect of anti-discrimination laws.Can say the second half of the 20th century into the era of power expansion in the United States, because the American people have more and more new interests requires the government passed a law to give guarantee, so there are many new rights.Women have the same legal rights as men, people begin to get welfare legal rights, the right to privacy is also considered a constitution to protect personal rights of a component.In addition the environment right is also regarded as a legal rights of every citizen of the United States, more and more public participation in government decision-making about environmental problems.These new rights, new member of the bill of rights, their arrival was on the bill of rights is the development of the bill of rights.。

权利法案中英文版

权利法案（Bill of Rights）通常指的是特定国家的法律文件，它旨在保障公民的基本自由和权利不受政府侵犯。

以下是英国和美国各自的权利法案中英文对照概述：英国《权利法案》（1689年）中文标题：国民权利与自由和王位继承宣言英文全称：An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown内容摘要：确立了议会至上的原则，限制国王的权力。

保障了宗教自由、言论自由和请愿权等基本权利。

规定国王必须定期召开议会，并且未经议会同意不得征税或维持常备军。

美国《权利法案》（1791年）英文名称：The Bill of Rights内容摘要：1. 第一条修正案：保障信仰、言论、出版、集会、请愿的自由。

2. 第二条修正案：保障人民持有并携带武器的权利。

3. 第三条修正案：禁止在和平时期无住宅主人同意的情况下驻扎士兵。

4. 第四条修正案：禁止非法搜查和扣押，除非有合理的理由和搜查令。

5. 第五条修正案：保障正当程序，包括不经合法程序不得剥夺生命、自由或财产；禁止双重危险及强迫自证其罪。

6. 第六条修正案：规定刑事审判中的各项权利，如迅速公开审判、由犯罪行为发生地的州和区公正陪审团审判、被告知指控详情、面对证人和获取律师帮助的权利等。

7. 第七条修正案：民事诉讼中，当案件涉及金额超过一定数额时，享有由陪审团审判的权利。

8. 第八条修正案：禁止施加过重的保释金、罚款以及残酷和非常规的惩罚。

9. 第九条修正案：保留未明确列举于宪法但属于人民的权利。

10. 第十条修正案：保留给各州或人民的那些未被宪法授予联邦政府、也未禁止各州行使的所有权力。

以上为简要概括，具体条款内容需查阅相关法律文本以获得详尽信息。

平等权利法案

美国《人权法案》原文和译文［陈有西按］1791年12月15日，美国宪法第一至第十条修正案获得通过，即《权利法案》，又译《人权法案》。

在宪法中增加了信仰自由、出版自由、陪审制度等人权条款，以保证“生命权、自由权和追求幸福之权”（独立宣言）。

美国媒体所享有的一切自由都源于此，几乎成为美国媒体及个人言论自由的护身符，不可动摇。

美国《权利法案》，又译《人权法案》（英文：United States Bill of Rights）指的是美国宪法中第一至第十条宪法修正案。

《权利法案》的第一条，即美国宪法第一修正案对美国影响巨大。

美国媒体所享有的一切自由都源于此，在美国，凡是涉及言论、新闻、出版等诉讼，往往都会搬出此，它几乎成为美国媒体或个人言论自由的护身符，不可动摇。

以至于美国人把它颂扬为“美国生活方式”的主要内容。

权利法案原文及译文：第一条Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

第二条Amendment IIA well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

权利法案(美国)-the Bill of Rights(中英文)

权利法案（美国）（中英文）1787年在费城起草的宪法，在各州审议批准的过程中，也有不少美国公民感到不安，因为宪法中并没有明确保障个人的权利。

因此，《宪法》补充了10条修正案，统一称为《权利法案》，英文叫The Bill of Rights。

由于补充了《权利法案》，《宪法》在13个州均获批准，并于1789年生效。

　（左下图：美国威廉姆斯堡总督府的一个小会议室，就是《弗吉尼亚州权利法案》－后来成为美国宪法中《权利法案》蓝本的制定地）第一条 Amendment II . F reedom of Speech, Press, Religion and Petition Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

第二条 Amendment IIII . Right to keep and bear arms A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

权利法案_美国__中英文

权利法案中英文版

美国人权法案-英文版

美国权利法案原文

权利法案

《权利法案》名词解释

Affirmtive Action-美国“权利法案”的英文辩论稿

权利法案中英文对照

权利法案中英文对照

权利法案原文

(美国权利法案 美国宪法的十项原始修正案)The United States Bill of Rights

the Bill of Rights 美国权利法案

权利法案

权利法案

权利法案1791

美国权利法案

权利法案中英文版

平等权利法案

权利法案(美国)-the Bill of Rights(中英文)

(美国权利法案美国宪法的十项原始修正案)The United States Bill of Rights