人教版高一英语定语从句全面讲解与练习

(完整word版)人教版高一英语定语从句全面讲解与练习

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定语从句

定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

例如 a clever boy the boiling water fallen leaves

•The boy in the classroom needs a pen.

•The man standing there is my teacher.

定语从句：一个句子充当定语

The boy who is reading needs the pen.

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

Ⅰ. 概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。分为关系代词和关系副词。

(4) 定语从句基本构成：先行词+关系词+从句

A) 关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

1.The student who answered the question was John.

2. I know the reason why he was so angry.

3. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

4. I’d like a room whose window lo oks out over the sea.

B)简单句变定语从句

例1：The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there.

The girl (who is standing there ) is Mary.

如何改写定语从句?

1、找准主句和从句，并找出两个简单句的共有成分，确定先行词。

2、将从句中的共有成分去掉。

3.找准关系词，用关系词引导从句剩下的部分，并紧接在被修饰词（先行词）之后。

例2：A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.

例3：The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.

C)定语从句选择关系词三步曲：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)

2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

3. You can take anything (that) you like. （宾语）

4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）

3. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）

All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)

He's a man from whom we should learn. （宾语）

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）

I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）whose +n. =the +n. + of which (物)= of which (物)+ the +n.

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. whose + n. =the +n. + of whom(人)= of

whom(人)+ the +n.

=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

注意：定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数于先行词保持一致

This is one of the best books that have ever been written.