中国菜肴的翻译(教案)解读

中国菜肴的翻译（教案）一．中国菜常用主料：plain rice 白饭rice noodles 米粉bean curd 豆腐pork 猪肉beef 牛肉mutton 羊肉rabbit meat/ cony meat兔肉chicken 鸡肉duck鸭肉abalone 鲍鱼salted jelly fish 海蜇皮sea cucumber 海参seaweed 海带shark fin 鱼翅prawn 明虾lobster 龙虾shrimp 小虾preserved meat 腊肉crab meat 蟹肉frog 田鸡egg 鸡蛋二．中国菜常用辅料lard 猪油salt 盐sauce酱vinegar醋chili 辣椒garlic 蒜garlic bulb 蒜头chive, shallot 葱ginger 姜fennel 茴香gourmet powder 味精sugar 糖mustard 芥茉tomato ketchup/sauce番茄酱barbeque sauce 沙茶酱caviar 鱼子酱seasoning 调味品peanut oil 花生油soy sauce 酱油essence of chicken 鸡精paprika 红椒scallops 干贝curry 咖喱pepper 胡椒scallion, leek 青葱, 韭菜三．中国菜常用蔬菜：mustard leaf 芥菜lettuce 生菜spinach 菠菜caraway 香菜hair-like seaweed 发菜bamboo shoot 竹笋dried bamboo shoot 笋干chives 韭黄cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜leek 韭菜celery 芹菜lettuce 莴苣mater convolvulus 空心菜dried lily flower 金针菜cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜tomato 番茄,西红柿onion 洋葱asparagus 芦笋cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子potato 马铃薯carrot 胡萝卜pumpkin 西葫芦,南瓜melon 香瓜,甜瓜loofah 丝瓜bitter gourd 苦瓜radish 萝卜green pepper 青椒lotus root 莲藕mushroom 蘑菇needle mushroom 金针菇button mushroom 草菇champignon 香菇dried mushroom 冬菇agarics木耳white fungus 白木耳taro 芋头yam 山芋pea 豌豆string bean 四季豆green soy bean 毛豆bean sprout 豆芽soybean sprout 黄豆芽mung bean sprout 绿豆芽四．中国菜常见小吃及开胃菜：steamed bread 馒头meat bun 肉包子soya-bean milk 豆浆shao-mai 烧麦preserved bean curd 腐乳pickled cucumbers 酱瓜preserved egg 皮蛋salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋omelets 煎蛋卷poached egg 荷包蛋scramble eggs 炒蛋crispy rice 锅巴gruel, soft rice , porridge 粥noodles with gravy 打卤面plain noodle 阳春面barbecued pork 叉烧millet congee 小米粥teamed dumpling 蒸饺ravioli /wonton馄饨fried pork flakes 肉松fermented blank bean 豆豉dried beef slices 牛肉片dried pork slices 猪肉片dried turnip 萝卜干spring roll 春卷rice glue ball 元宵glue pudding 汤圆fried dumpling 煎贴bean curd with odor 臭豆腐rice cake 年糕dried bean curd 豆腐干deep-fried flour stick油条五．中国菜常见刀工：切/削：cutting 切片：slicing切丝：shredding 切碎：mincing 切丁：dicing切柳：filleting 去骨：boning去皮：skinning/ peeling刮鳞：scaling剁末：mashing刻/雕：carving酿：stuffing腌：pickling/ salting浸/泡：marinating去壳：shelling斩/剁块：chopping六．中国菜常用烹调方法：炒：stir-frying煎：pan-frying爆：quick-frying炸：deep-frying干炸：dry deep-frying 软炸：soft deep-frying 酥炸：crisp deep-frying 烧：braising煮：boiling蒸：steaming炖/煨/焖：simmering/stewing熏：smoking烘/烤：baking/ broiling/grilling/ roasting/ basting白灼：scalding卤：spicing拌：mixing涮：instant-boiling七．中国菜肴名称的翻译方法：（一）以主料开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的主料和辅料：公式：主料(形状)+(with)辅料例：杏仁鸡丁chicken cubes with almond 牛肉豆腐beef with bean curd西红柿炒蛋Scrambled egg with tomato2 介绍菜肴的主料和味汁：公式：主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁例：芥末鸭掌duck webs with mustard sauce葱油鸡chicken in Scallion oil米酒鱼卷fish rolls with rice wine（二）以烹制方法开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的烹法和主料：公式：烹法+主料(形状)例：软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet烤乳猪roast suckling pig炒鳝片Stir-fried eel slices2 介绍菜肴的烹法和主料、辅料公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料例：仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger3 介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁：公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁例：红烧牛肉braised beef with brown sauce鱼香肉丝fried shredded pork with Sweet and sour sauce清炖猪蹄stewed pig hoof in clean soup注：如果菜中有汤，在翻译时要根据菜中汤料的多少区别对待。

通常采用两种模式翻译：如果汤少，仅是汁状，则：主料with 汤汁如：茄汁牛肉Fried Beef with Tomato Sauce如果汤多呈稀汤状，则：主料in 稀汤如：卤炸乳鸽子Deep-fried Pigeon in Spiced Sauce（三）以形状或口感开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料例：芝麻酥鸡crisp chicken with sesame陈皮兔丁diced rabbit with orange peel时蔬鸡片sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables2 介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料公式：口感+烹法+主料例：香酥排骨crisp fried spareribs水煮嫩鱼tender stewed fish香煎鸡块fragrant fried chicken3 介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁例：茄汁鱼片sliced fish with tomato sauce椒麻鸡块cutlets chicken with hot pepper黄酒脆皮虾仁crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce（四）以人名或地名开头的翻译方法1 介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料公式：人名(地名)+主料例：麻婆豆腐Ma Po bean curd四川水饺Sichuan boiled dumpling2 介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料公式：人名(地名)+烹法+主料例：东坡煨肘DongPo stewed pork joint北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck在中餐菜名翻译成英文的过程中，可以采用多种不同的方法，而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度入手进行翻译。

例如，川菜中的“宫保鸡丁”这道菜就有以下几种译法：1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts2.Gongbao chicken cubes3.diced chicken with chili and peanuts（五）如果菜中配有中草药，事实上因为外国人并不太懂得各种草药的实际作用，对于他们而言，中国的草药都是具有神奇效用的，所以不妨将各种草药一律翻译为Chinese Herbs如：天麻炖鸡：Stewed Chicken with Chinese Herbs由此可见，中餐菜名的英译方法是灵活多变的。

至于我们在翻译中最终采用哪种方法，则可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。

不过根据一般经验，只要掌握了第一种以主料开头的翻译方法，对其它种类的翻译方法便可以触类旁通，我们只需根据文中所列出的翻译公式去相应作一些交换就行了。

中餐英文菜谱全体乳猪Roast whole suckling pig特色五福拼盘Special five varieties.葡国碳烧肉Portuguese roast pork脆皮靓烧鸡Crispy chicken湛江皇后水晶鸡Zhanjiang Crystal chicken金牌回香鸡Golden tasty chicken盐香脆皮鸡Salty crispy chicken高州葱油先鸡Gaozhou style shallot favour Chicken蜜汁碳烧叉烧Honey charcoal pork碳烧靓排骨Charcoal spare ribs骨香乳鸽Tasty baby pigeon锦绣烧味拼盘Assorted barbecue meat新派卤水拼盘New style soy sauce stewed meat新派卤水掌翼New style soy sauce stewed goose wing and feet新派卤水大肠头New style soy sauce stewed pig’s intestine新派卤水肚仔New style soy sauce stewed pig’s stomach新派卤水脚仔New style soy sauce stewed pig’s hoof盐焗肾片Baked salty chicken kidney凉拌海蜇Marinated cold jelly fish刀拍黄瓜Marinated cold cucumber小食类Entrée日式海蜇Japanese style Jelly Fish日式八爪鱼Japanese style Octopus凉拌青瓜Marinated cold cucumber凉拌粉皮Marinated cold bean pasty蒜香肾片Garlic taste kidney蒜香猪耳仔Garlic tast e pig’s ear麻辣凤爪Spicy hot chicken feet琥珀核桃Deep fried walnut in Syrup特别介绍Special Recommendation泰汁银雪鱼Codfish in Thai sauce甜麦豆炒带子北极贝Stir fry sweet bean scallops脆皮咸猪手Salty taste crispy trotterXO酱爆花枝片XO Soy Sauce Fry Flower Branch Pieces芦笋蚌肉鸽片Stir fry boneless pigeon, mussel and asparagus盐焗猪肚Baked salty pig’s stomachXO酱爆生肠Stir fry intestines in XO sauce辣子鸡Stir fry chicken with hot chili酥炸百花球Crispy fry flower ball酱爆竹肠Stir fry intestines with bean sauce黑椒蝴蝶骨Fry sphenoid with black pepper剁椒鱼咀Stir fry fish head with hot chili红葱头蒸鸡Braise chicken with shallot沙锅鱼头煲Braise fish head clay pot爆野兔Stir fry rabbit京葱爆驼峰肉Stir fry camel hump with shallot西芹腰果核桃肉Stir fry celery, cashew and walnut鲍汁百灵菇鹅肠Stir fry mushroom and goose intestine in abalone sauce 椒盐排骨Spicy spare ribs剁椒鱼咀Stir Fry fish mouth with chopped pepper尖椒猪肚Stir fry Pig’s Stomach with hot chili罗定豆豉鸡Luoding style braise chicken in bean sauce辣子鸡丁Stir fry chicken dices with hot chili鲍汁百灵菇Stir fry mushroom with abalone sauce红葱头猪俐Stir fry pig’s to ngue with onion盐焗肾片Salt Kidney Pieces蒜香骨Garlic tasty spare ribs栗干炆鸡Stew chicken with chestnut川汁鸡球Sichuan style chicken meat ball酱爆双脆Soy sauce fry double cracking水煮牛肉Poach beef with hot chili鲜鱿让鲮鱼胶Squid with fish stuffing豆腐鱼头煲Boil Fish Head with bean curd豉汁蒸排骨/鱼Steam spare ribs/fish with black bean sauce 豉油王鹅肠Stir fry goose intestines with soy sauce姜葱爆牛肉Stir fry beef with ginger and shallot黑椒炒牛肉Stir fry beef with black pepper茶树菇蒸牛柳Steam beef and mushroom酱爆牛柳Stir fry beef in bean sauce剁椒鱼头Stir fry fish head with chopped hot chili生炒骨/酸甜排骨Sweet and sour spare ribs老坛子Old crock海味什锦煲Stew seafood combination in clay pot泰式凤爪Thailand style chicken feet回锅肉Sichuan style stew pork梅菜蒸肉片Steam port with preserved vegetable西汁鸡扒Chicken with western sauce鲜淮山炆排骨Stew spare ribs with yam翠玉兰花Stir fry broccoli酸茄黄金酿Brew sweet and sour eggplant双菇扒菜胆略Stir fry mushrooms牛肉炒蛋Stir fry beef and egg凉瓜炒牛肉Stir fry beef with bitter melon竹笙酿玉液Brew bamboo Shoot with wine金华娃娃菜Stir fry baby cabbage尖椒牛肉Stir fry beef with hot chili芦笋炒牛肉Stir fry beef and asparagus西兰花超鱿鱼Stir fry squid and broccoli西芹炒腊味Stir fry preserved ham and celeryXO酱爆鱿鱼Stir fry squid in XO sauce韭菜花炒银鱼Stir fry whitebait with chives土豆炒肉片Stir fry pork with potato煲淋大芥菜Leaf mustard in soup三色蒸蛋Steam eggs丝瓜炒肉片/猪肝/猪什Stir fry pork/liver/bowels with gourd潮式大芥菜肉碎Chaozhou style mustard leaf and minced pork豆豉鲮鱼炒时蔬Stir fry fish and vegetable in black bean sauce节瓜虾米粉丝煲Stew dried shrimps, vermicelli and melon in clay pot 凉瓜炒肉片Stir fry pork with bitter melon酸豆角炒肉碎Stir fry minced pork with pickle bean菜甫煎蛋Fry egg with vegetable榨菜肉丝韭黄Stir fry pork with pickle vegetable and leek上汤油菜Boil vegetable in chicken stock盐水菜芯Boil vegetable in salty water广州炒饭Guangzhou Fry Rice白玉藏珍’Treasures hides in white jade麻婆豆腐Sichuan style bean curd凉瓜炒蛋Fry Eggs with bitten melon炒油菜Stir fry vegetable茄子煲Stew eggplant clay pot蒜蓉炒丝瓜Stir fry gourd with garlic虎皮尖椒Tiger Skin fry pepper辣椒圈炒蛋Stir fry egg in hot chili酸辣土豆丝Chili and sour potato干炒牛河Dry fry rice noodles with beef肉片炒面Stir fry noodles with pork斋汤面Vegetarian noodle soup豆豉爆辣椒圈Stir fry hot chili with bean sauce老火例汤Soup of the day豆腐鱼头汤Fish head and bean curd soup番茄豆腐汤Tomato and bean curd soup紫菜蛋花汤Laver and egg soup椰子炖鸡Braise chicken in coconut土茯苓煲龟Tortoise with tuckahoe soup单尾品种Snacks and Desserts榴莲酥Durian Crisp Nosh叉烧酥Barbecued Pork Crisp Nosh萝卜酥Turnip Crisp Nosh蛋挞Egg custard nosh咸甜薄撑Salt/Sweet pancake潮式煎饼Chaozhou style pancake番茨饼Sweet potato pancake黄金饼Golden cake葱油饼Shallot pancake香煎生肉包Fried minced pork bun鸳鸯馒头Assorted steamed bun炸馒头Fried bun梅菜扣肉pork with preserved vegetable咸鱼蒸肉饼steamed minced pork with salt fish酱炸里脊丁sauté diced pork fillet with brown sauce鲜笋火腿ham with fresh bamboo shoots红烧猪蹄braised pork leg麻辣猪肚pig tripe with chili sauce双片锅巴sliced meat and liver with fried rice crust豆豉排骨pork chops with bean sauce糖醋排骨pork chops with sweet and sour sauce宫保肉丁sauté pork cube lets with hot pepper麻辣白肉meat with cayenne pepper红烧蹄筋braised pork tendons红烧狮子头meat balls braised with brown sauce糖粉酥肉fried crisp pork slices with sugar powder烤乳猪roasted suckling pig脆皮锅酥肉fried crisp pork腐乳炖肉stewed pork with preserved bean curd红烧扣肉braised pork slices in soy sauce葱爆肉quick-fried pork and scallions咕噜肉sweet and sour pork荷叶粉蒸肉steamed pork with rice flavor in lotus leaves回锅肉double cooked pork slices陈皮牛肉beef with orange peel烤羊肉串mutton shashlik涮羊肉rinse-mutton / mutton slices rinsed in chafing dish 红烧羊肉mutton braised in brown sauce汤类：清汤consommé羹chowder老火汤double-stewed soup连锅汤pork and radish soup三鲜汤three fresh delicacies soup五滋汤five-flavored mutton soup鱼翅汤shark’s fin soup干贝汤scallop soup八珍蛇羹snake potage with eight delicacies八宝冬瓜盅stewed white gourd soup with eight ingredients 人参炖乌鸡ginseng and black hen soup紫菜蛋花汤laver egg soup竹笋鲜蘑汤soup with bamboo shoots and fresh mush清炖冬菇汤mushroom soup庐山石耳汤Mt. Lushan stone fungus soup火鸭芥菜汤sliced roast芦笋鸡茸汤mashed chicken and asparagus soup豆苗鞭蓉蛋汤consommé of snow egg with bean sprouts锦江拼盆hors d’oeuvers Jinjiang style蝴蝶冷盆butterfly-shaped appetizer什锦冷盘assorted appetizer太极八卦eight-diagram-shaped appetizer卤鸡珍肝spiced chicken liver and gizzard卤牛肉shredded boiled pork meat卤鸡杂spicy chicken giblets盐水鸭肫salted duck gizzards鸭翅膀duck wing tips拌鸭掌cold duck web芥末鸭掌duck flippers with mustard sauce五香花生仁spiced peanuts开洋炝刀豆sauté sword beans with dried shrimps泡辣菜pickled hot vegetables冷拌粉皮cold vermicelli with mustard and meat shreds醉蟹wine preserved crabs咸水虾boiled shrimps with salt红油肚片sliced pork tripe in hot chili oil糟鸡chicken pickled in fermented rice wine sauce烧鸭（鹅）roast duck / goose怪味鸡multi-flavor chicken麻辣牛肉条spiced beef白切肉mixed meat in aspic什锦肉冻sauté meat and vegetable五香凤爪marinated chicken feet五香酱鸡spiced marinated chicken芥末鸡皮chicken skin with mustard sauce鸡丝粉皮chicken slices with bean jelly sheets辣味麻酱鸡翅chicken sings with chili sauce and sesame paste 拌烤鸭丝roast duck shred in sauce麻酱鸭块duck cutlets with sesame paste桂花盐水鸭stewed salt-preserved duck虾片shrimp chip瓜皮虾cucumber with jellyfish and dried shelled shrimp生拌鱼raw fish in sauce冰糖燕窝b ird’s nest in crystal sugar红酒烧竹鸡braised snipe in port wine铁扒乳鸽grilled young pigeon糟蛋eggs preserved in wine酱蛋pickled egg茶叶蛋egg in tea蒸腊鹅spiced goose wing tips and webfeet潮州卤鹅spiced goose, Chaozhou style潮州烧雁鹅roast goose, Chaozhou style红烧全鸭braised whole duck in soy sauce五香鸭spiced duck蒸南京板鸭steamed Nanjing salted duck北京烤鸭roast Beijing duck香糟鸡片sliced chicken in wine sauce炸童子鸡deep fried spring chicken荷叶粉蒸鸡steamed chicken in lotus leaf packets 炸纸包鸡fried chicken in paper packets陈皮鸡chicken in orange flavor咖喱鸡curry chicken砂锅鸡braised chicken in casserole叫化子鸡mud-baked chicken附杂项（西餐，餐具，糖果等）：breakfast 早餐lunch 午餐brunch 早午餐supper 晚餐late snack 宵夜dinner 正餐coffee pot 咖啡壶coffee cup 咖啡杯paper towel 纸巾napkin 餐巾table cloth 桌布tea -pot 茶壶tea set 茶具tea tray 茶盘caddy 茶罐dish 碟plate 盘saucer 小碟子rice bowl 饭碗chopsticks 筷子soup spoon 汤匙knife 餐刀cup 杯子glass 玻璃杯mug 马克杯picnic lunch 便当toothpick 牙签fruit plate 水果盘meat diet 荤菜vegetables 素菜meat broth 肉羹local dish 地方菜Cantonese cuisine 广东菜menu 菜单French cuisine 法国菜today's special 今日特餐buffet 自助餐fast food 快餐specialty 招牌菜tea leaves 茶叶black tea 红茶jasmine tea 茉莉(香片)tea bag 茶包lemon tea 柠檬茶white gourd tea 冬瓜茶honey 蜂蜜soda water 苏打水artificial color 人工色素curry rice 咖喱饭bird's nest 燕窝French fires 炸薯条baked potato 烘马铃薯mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥pudding 布丁pastries 甜点jerky 牛肉干popcorn 爆米花sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋over 煎两面荷包蛋over easy 煎半熟蛋over hard 煎全熟蛋butter 奶油beverages 饮料condensed milk 炼乳; 炼奶coffee mate 奶精coffee 咖啡iced coffee 冰咖啡white coffee 牛奶咖啡black coffee 纯咖啡ice-cream cone 甜筒sundae 圣代; 新地ice-cream 雪糕ice candy 冰棒straw 吸管cake 蛋糕pancake 煎饼cereal 麦片粥toast 土司hamburger 汉堡ham and egg 火腿肠buttered toast 奶油土司French toast 法国土司cheese cake 酪饼white bread 白面包brown bread 黑面包cheese cake 酪饼flour-rice noodle 面粉noodles 面条wheat gluten 面macaroni 通心粉bean thread 冬粉instinct noodles 速食面sandwich 三明治crust 面包皮syrup of plum 酸梅汤tomato juice 番茄汁orange juice 橘子汁coconut milk 椰子汁asparagus juice 芦荟汁vegetable juice 蔬菜汁ginger ale 姜汁soft drink 汽水coco-cola (coke) 可口可乐ice water 冰水mineral water 矿泉水distilled water 蒸馏水long-life milk 保久奶beer 啤酒draft beer 生啤酒stout beer 黑啤酒canned beer 罐装啤酒red wine 红葡萄酒gin 琴酒brandy 白兰地whisky 威士忌vodka 伏特加on the rocks 酒加冰块rum 兰酒champagne 香槟marrons glaces 唐炒栗子appetizer 开胃菜green salad 蔬菜沙拉onion soup 洋葱汤T-bone steak 丁骨牛排filet steak 菲力牛排sirloin steak 沙朗牛排club steak 小牛排well done 全熟medium 五分熟rare 三分熟cocoa 可可pineapple 凤梨watermelon 西瓜papaya 木瓜betelnut 槟榔chestnut 栗子coconut 椰子tangerine 橘子mandarin orange 橘sugar-cane 甘蔗muskmelon 香瓜juice peach 水蜜桃pear 梨子peach 桃子carambola 杨桃cherry 樱桃persimmon 柿子apple 苹果mango 芒果fig 无花果almond 杏仁plum 李子honey-dew melon 哈密瓜loquat 枇杷olive 橄榄rambutan 红毛丹durian 榴梿strawberry 草莓grape 葡萄grapefruit 葡萄柚lichee 荔枝longan 龙眼guava 番石榴banana 香蕉water chestnut 荸荠ficus tikaua 地瓜maltose 麦芽糖confection 糖果glace fruit 蜜饯marmalade 果酱dried persimmon 柿饼candied melon 冬瓜糖red jujube 红枣black date 黑枣glace date 蜜枣dried longan 桂圆干raisin 葡萄干chewing gum 口香糖nougat 牛乳糖mint 薄荷糖drop 水果糖caramel 牛奶糖peanut brittle 花生糖castor sugar 细砂白糖granulated sugar 砂糖sugar candy 冰糖butter biscuit 奶酥chocolate 巧克力。