英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编17

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编17

(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、简答题(总题数：17，分数：44.00)

1.In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?（厦门大学2006研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The inflectional language is a term as opposed to the isolated language, in which the morpheme has no inflected form; such as in Chinese, there are only isolated characters, which can not be added to with an inflectional affix. English is regarded as an inflectional language in the sense that the inflectional affixer serves important grammatical function in the English vocabulary. In English, inflectional affixes indicating tense, numbers, case and so on usually manifestate the grammatical relationships between the elements of the sentences.)

解析：

2.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（大连外国语学院2008研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：New words or expressions are created through the following processes excepted compound and derivation, which are called lexical change proper. (1)Initialism Some new words are composed of the first letters of a series of words and pronounced by saying each letter in them. Words of this kind such as VIP, WTO are called initialisms. (2)Abbreviation Many English words have come into being through abbreviation. This phenomenon is also called clipping; a new can be created by: i. cutting the final part, for example, ad for advertisement. ii. cutting the initial part, for example, plane for aeroplane. iii. cutting both the initial and final parts accordingly, for instance, fridge for refrigerator. (3)Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining together the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words, for example, emotion + icon→emoticon; car + hijacking→carjac king. (4)Acronym is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has heavily modified headword; an example is EU for European Union. This process is also widely used in shortening extremely long words of word groups in science, technology and other special fields, for example, SARS is short for "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome". What"s more, people also use this process in internet chatting or e-mail communication, such as BTW for "by the way" , ASAP for "as soon as possible".) 解析：解析：(本题考查特有的词汇变化。作答时任选四个进行描述，并举例说明。)

3.Advantages and Disadvantages of Immediate Constituent Analysis(IC Analysis)(北京交通大学2006研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Through IC analysis, the internal structure of a sentence may be demonstrated clearly, and if there is any ambiguity, it could be revealed. For example, how the sentence " Leave the book on the shelf" is ambiguous could be shown after the IC analysis. However, there are also problems in IC analysis. First, at the beginning, some advocators insisted on binary divisions, that is, any construction, at any level, will be cut into two parts. But this is not always possible. For example, in the phrase "men and women" , it is not appropriate to combine "and" with only the preceding part or only the succeeding part. Second, constructions with discontinuous constituents will pose technical problems for tree diagrams in IC a-nalysis. For example, in "make it up" the phrasal verb "make up" is separated by a pronoun. Third, which is