商务英语专业四级考试术语解释.docx
商务英语考试名词解释（共五篇）
商务英语考试名词解释（共五篇）第一篇：商务英语考试名词解释Explanation(1)Brand:is a product, service, or concept that is publicly distinguished from other products,services, or concepts so that it can be easily communicated and usually marketed.(2)Protection: the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relativelyinefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.(3)Corporate culture-It represents a common perception held by the organization’s members.It communicates how people in an organization should behave, by establishing a value system conveyed throughrites, myths, legends, and actions.(4)Quota: a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a county impose.(5)Free trade: trade between nations without protective customs tariff(6)Marketing– the competitive process by which goods and services are offered for consumptionat a profit.It’s about building a reputation and making sales for cash and profits in particular markets.(7)Promotion is the combination of methods to generate public awareness, identity, confidence,desire and conviction in a product and usage by the general public.(8)Enterprise ethics refers to the enterprise in the specific social economic organization, relyingon public opinion, traditions and inner conviction to maintain, with good and evil evaluation standard on moral principles, ethics and moral activities combined.(9)Advertising : the action of calling something to the attention of the publicespecially by paidannouncements.(10)MoneyEnglish writingIncreased dramatically sinceIn 1987 the export figures stood at 400 million Finnish markkaa.There was a sharp increase between 1987 and 1989 when figures reached over 800 million.This was followed by a sharp decrease between 1989 and 1990 when Finnish paper exports to Japan dropped to 400 million.There was a slight rise between 1990 and 1991 when exports hit the 450 million mark but they fell again to 400 million in 1992.Between 1992 and 1995 there was a dramatic rise and exports of paper to Japan reached a peak of 1,300 million in 1995, before falling again to under 1,000 million in 1997.第二篇：商务英语考试2013下半年剑桥商务英语证书（BEC）报考简章报名条件与考试费用BEC报名不受年龄﹑性别、职业﹑地区﹑学历等限制，任何人均可持本人身份证件到当地考点报名。
英语专业四级词汇精选英文解释
第1-2周Group11.nuclear(adj.) 核能的；核动力的Nuclear means relating to the nuclei of atoms, or to the energy released when thesenuclei are split or combined.Nuclear means relating to weapons that explode by using the energy released when thenuclei of atoms are split or combined.bination(n.) 结合；联合A combination of things is a mixture of them.3.tablespoon(n.) 大汤匙A tablespoon is a fairly large spoon used for serving food and in cooking.You can refer to an amount of food resting on a tablespoon as a tablespoon of food.4.recipe(n.) 烹饪法；食谱A recipe is a list of ingredients and a set of instructions that tell you how to cooksomething.If you say that something is a recipe for a particular situation, you mean that it is likely to result in that situation.5.wardrobe(n.) 大衣柜A wardrobe is a tall cupboard or cabinet in which you can hang your clothes.Someone's wardrobe is the total collection of clothes that they have.The wardrobe in a theatre company is the actors' and actresses' costumes.6.violation(n.)violate(v.) 违犯；背叛If someone violates an agreement, law, or promise, they break it.If you violate someone's privacy or peace, you disturb it.If someone violates a special place, for example a grave, they damage it or treat it with disrespect.7.instant(adj.) 立刻；马上An instant is an extremely short period of time.If you say that something happens at a particular instant, you mean that it happens atexactly the time you have been referring to, and you are usually suggesting that ithappens quickly or immediately.To do something the instant something else happens means to do it immediately.8.inclusive(adj.) 包括一切的If a price is inclusive, it includes all the charges connected with the goods or servicesoffered. If a price is inclusive of postage and packing, it includes the charge for this.After stating the first and last item in a set of things, you can add inclusive to make it clear that the items stated are included in the set.If you describe a group or organization as inclusive, you mean that it allows all kinds of people to belong to it, rather than just one kind of person.9.merge (v.) 融合；合并If one thing merges with another, or is merged with another, they combine or cometogether to make one whole thing. You can also say that two things merge, or aremerged.If one sound, colour, or object merges into another, the first changes so gradually intothe second that you do not notice the change.10.decline(n.v.) n.减少；降低；下降v。
商务英语四级术语翻译
1.Bill of lading 提单Definition:Bill of lading is a document given by a shipping company,representboth a receipt for thegoods siped and a contract for shipment between the shipping companyand the sipper.it is also adocument of title to the goods,giving the holder or the assigne theright to possessionof the goods.2.Marketing 市场营销Definition:Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promouon ,and distribution of goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.3.D/P 付款交单Definition:D/P is short for"document against payment.Under this payment method,the exporter is to ship the goods ordered and delivered the relative shipping documents to thebuyer abroad through the remitting bank and the collecting bank with instructions not torelease the documents to the buyer until the payment lorthe goods is made.4.QA 品质/质量保证Definition:QA is short for quality assurance,it is about how a business can design the way a pro duct or services is produced or delivered to minimize the chances that output will beup-standard.5.Flexible exchange rates 浮动汇率Definition:A flexible exchange rate means the government does not enter the foreign exchange markets and leaves the determination of exchange rates up to currency trades.The price of its currency is allowed to rise and fall as market forces dictate.1.Parternship；合作关系A parternship is a legal relationship between persons arising on apofi-motivated business.a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal2.manegement 管理人员Definition:Management is defined as the application of planning,organizing,directing,and Controlling functions in the most effient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.3.HR management 人力资源管理Definition:The human resource management is an ongoing procedure that tries to keep the Organization suplied with the right people in the right positions.4.Documentary Credit 跟单信用证A Documentary Letter of Credit is a written undertaking given by a bank on behalf of an Importer to pay the Exporter a given sum of money with in a specified time,providing thatthe Exporter presentsdocuments which comply with the terms laid down in the Letter of Credit. 5.Draft 汇票Defnition:A draft is simply an order write by an exporter intruting an importer,or importer' sagent,to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time.Shipping document：运输单据(运输单证）shipping documents also as transport documents,are legal documents that are utilized in the process of transporting goods from one location to another.2.certificate of origin：原产地证书（证明）is document used in international trade,completed by the exporter,and certificated by a recognized issuing body,attesting that the goods in a particular export shipment have beenproduced,manufactured or processed in a particular country.3.insurance policy：保单(保险合同/大保单)is a formal contract-document between the insurer and the insured,known as the policy holder, which determines the claims which the insurer is legally required to pay.5.customer equity：顾客资产is the value of potential future revenue generated by a company's customers in a lifetime.l.sole/individual proprietorship:独资经营Detnition:It is a type of enterprise that is owned and run by one natural person.The owner is in Direct control of all elements and is legally accountable for the finances of such business and this may include debts,loans,loss,etc.2.Productivity:生产力It is the rate at which goods are produced.(or having thẻpower to produce)3.broker：代理/中介：A broker is a person whose job is to buy and sell shares,foreign money,or goods for other people.4.Fixed assets：固定资产are assets which a company uses on a continuous basis,such as properly and machinery.5.Cash on delivery:货到付款Collecting the charges upon delivery.1.anti-dumping duty:反倾销税is an extra duty levied temporarily on the imported commodity in dumping to protect home industry and market against the import commodity in large quantity and cheap price.2.Transnational corporation跨国公司refers to large international enterprise consisting of entities in two ormore countries,that operates manufacturing,sales and other business.3.Invisible trade:无形贸易trade of services rather than actual goods,for example,banking,insurance,and professional service,etc.4.Balance of payment:国际收支A statement that summarizes an economy's transactions with the rest of the world for a specified time period.1.CPI,消费价格指数消费物价指数Consumer price index measures changes in the price level of market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.2.LLC, 有限责任公司Limited liability company a business structure that combines the pass-through taxation of apartner ship or sole proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation.3.FOB,离岸价格/船上交货价格Free On Board is a shipping term which indicates that the supplier pays the shipping costs(and usually also the insurance costs)from the point of manufacture to a specified destination,at Which point the buyer takes responsibility.4.B2B,企业对企业的电子商务模式Business-To-Business is a transaction that occurs between two companies,as opposed to a transaction involving a consumer.The term may also describe a company that provides goods or s ervices for another company.5.Definition:借记卡/提款卡Debit card is a card which allows customers to access their funds immediately electronically.With a debit card,you can immediately take money out of your checking account either through purcha ses at a store or through an ATM.1.A CEO首席执行官(chief executive fficer)is the position of the most senior corporate officer,executive,leader or administrator in charge of managing an organization.2.Human resource:人力资源In a company or other organization,the department of human resources is the department take on ponsibility for the recruiting,training,and welfare of the staff.bor market劳动力市场is the market in which workers compete for jobs and employers compete for workers.3.V AT增值税(value added tax)is a tax that is added to the price of goods or services.4.A balance sheet is a written statement of the amount of money and property that a company op erson has,including amounts of money that are owed or are owing.资产负债表5.Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚:The tendency to always buy a particular brand.2.Joint venture合资公司A business activity in which2or more companies have invested together.3.Quota:定额Quanttative restrictions imposed by one country on imports of a certain type from another country.4.marketing mix:营销组合A comprehensive plan or strategy covering product price,promotion and place,usually summarized as the4Ps".of marketing.5.Acqusition :收购Getting control of a company bitiony buying over50%of its shares. Definition:Lredit card is a small plastic card that you can use to buy goods and services and pay for the market.2.Depeciatiton贬值means decrease in value of assets.3.Brand preference品牌偏好is measure of brand loyalty in which a consumer will choose a paticular brand in presence of competing brands,but will accept substitutes if that brand is not available.4.Corporate Culture公司文化is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particularcompany or organization,and includes such elements as core values and beliefs,corporate ethics,and rules of behavior.5.:Fringe benefit额外福利is an incidental or additional advantage,a benefit provided by an employer to supplement an employee's regular pay,such as a pension,company car,luncheon voucher,insurance,vacation 1.overcapacity:生产能力过剩If there is overcapacity in a particularindustry, more goods have been produced than areneed and the industry is therefore less profitable thanit could be.2.A free trade zone(FTZs):自由贸易区A free-trade area is a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement(FT A),which eliminates tariffs,import quotas,and preferences on most(if not all)goods and services traded between them.If people are also free to move between the countries,in addition to FTA,it would also be considered an open border.4.A non-performing loan,or NPL,is a loan that is in default or close to being in default.Manyloans become non-performing after being in default for90days,but this can depend on the contract terms.不良贷款4..外债Definition:Foreign debt is the total debt a country owes to foreign creditors,complemented by int ernaldebtowed to domestic lenders.The debtors can be the government,corporations or citizens o f that country.The debt includes money owed to privale commercial banks,other governments,or international financialinstitutions such as the International(IMF)and World Bank5.Translation:风险投资家A venture capitalist is an investor who either provides capilal lo slartup ventures or supports small companiesthat wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets.V enture capitalists are willing toinvest in such companies because they can earn a massive return on their investments if these companies are asuccess.1.Translation:授权经营Definition:Licensing is an arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm theright to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation.2.Translation:间接投资，证券投资made with theexpectation of earning a return.Thisexpected retum'is'diretly orrelated with theion snen"cpeted ik Pofoioo ioene dainet fom dica muene whidh no uinesiable sake in a target compa ny and posbly being ivolvede wilh is day body mngeme 3.Translation:反向贸易、对等贸易Counter trade is a sale that encompases more than an exhane of god,erices or iesformoney.4.乘数效应Definition:The multiplier efect is the expansion of a country's money supply that results from banks beingable to lend.The size of the multiplier effect depends on the percentage of deposits that banks are required tohold as reserves.In other words,it is the money used to create more money and is calculated by dividing total bank deposits by the reserve requirement.5.Definition:Initial public ffering(IPO)is a type of public ofringn in which shares of a company usually aresold to nstitutional investors that in turn,sell to the general public,on a secrities excha nge,for the firsttime. 首次公开发行股票1.Break-even point is the point at which toal cost and toalrevenue are equal.Tanslaion:盈亏平衡点/盈亏临界2.Onder cydle time is a peindbetween placing5an order and receiving the ordered item. Translation:汀貨周期3.by the bank to the importer according to his demand upon receiving the billsunder the letter of credited and the impotterTranslation:进ロ押汇4.Maker share is the amo thata company sells of itspoduets or serices compared wih oher companies selling the same things. 市场份额5.Definition:Brand positioning is an activity of creating a brand offer in such a manner that it occ upies adistinctive place and value in the target customers'mind.Translation:品牌定位1.Defnition:Itis the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price;rithe ght is purchased and15 notexercised by a stated date,the money is forfeited.期权2.It is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to its investors from thelr own money0 1the money paid by subsequent investors,rather than from profit earned by the individual or orga nizationrunning the operation.庞氏骗局3.Definition:It is a stock market index and one of the several indices created by W all Street Jour nal editors and Dow Jones&Company co- founder Charles Dow.The industrial averagewas first calculated on May26,1896.Translation:道琼斯工业平均指数4.Definition:It is a company or person that supplies shops and companies with goods. Translation:经销商5.Definition:It is a process of judging officially how an argument should be settled. Translation:仲裁1.Barriers to trade are any action by a govermment to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in an dout of its country.贸易壁垒4.Definition:V enture capital is money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research.especially in high technology,in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable.Also called risk capital.Translation:风险资本5.Definition:Insurable interest holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest i n it.(Whichmeans that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit from its preservati on,but if it is any way_damaged or lost the assured will be -adversely afet.-)Translation:可保利益2.Definition:Contracting party isаcountry or firm that signs a legalagreement.缔约国3.Definition:Sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee. Translation:及期汇票4.It is a reply to an ofter which conains aditions or other modietaons还盘2.Definition;lt is a kind of standard used to indicate that the quality of the product ffe is about equal to theaverage quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time. Translation:良好平均品质3.Definition:The act of the transferor in transferring a draft to the transferee by making a signatu re on the backof the draft. 背书4.Definition:It is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physic ally receive thegoods.This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.Translation:象征性交货5.Goods are transported directly from the production country to the consuming country.In this ca se,onlv two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and the importer. Translation:直接贸易。
商务英语学位考试专业术语
Unit1regular hours正常工作时间f lexible hours弹性工作时间freelance自由职业shift-work轮班工作，倒班制part-time兼职teleworking电子化办公方式temping当临时工hot-desking办公桌轮用office gossip[‘gɔsip]办公室小道消息credit.赞扬，功劳consultancy[kən‘sʌltənsi]咨询公司顾问公司brainpower n.智能managing director n.总裁，总经理（美国也称chief executive or president）delegate[‘dɛləgɪt]vt.授权，分派工作parental leave[pə‘rentl]父母假，育儿假，照顾新生儿女假scenarios[si‘na:riəu]n.事态，局面worst-case adj.做最坏打算的availability n.利用（或获得）可能性，可以利用的人（物），人员，物资保证job-share分担工作specialist advice专业咨询unit2trade fair event商品交易会coffee break工间咖啡休息时间drinks evening晚间酒会coaching event专项体验训练活动useful contacts有用的人际关系co-chair联合总裁，主席Internal communication内部交流post-it note便条Network建立关系网络networking建立人际网，关系网maximise最大限度的使用，发挥（maximize美式）socializing参加社交，交际corporate world[‘kɔrpərɪt]商界networking event（为职场人士建立人脉专门举行的）联谊活动locals当地人be spread out分散在各地training and staff development培训和员工发展flexible working hours弹性工作时间company car公司配给的汽车opportunities to travel旅游机会days off几天短假opportunities for promotion升职提拔机会client service executive客户服务主管old and established历史悠久incumbent programme岗位培训课程promote from within提拔内部员工grow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系research and development and manufacturing研发和生产final salary pension scheme按最终薪水给付的养老金计划non-cash reward非现金形式的奖赏career goal职业目标once-in-a-lifetime千载难逢的，令人难忘的senior management高层管理人员常见的与take搭配的短语：1.take after与……相像eg.The baby took after his mother.2.take down记下eg.Take down the notes while you are listening.3.to be taken for被误认为eg.to be taken for a foreigner4.take off打折eg.Shop early and we’ll take off20percent.5.take on承担eg.to take on new responsibilities6.take for granted认为…理所当然eg.We often take these things for granted headquarters[‘hɛd’kwɔrtɚz]公司的总办公处，总部subsidiary[səb‘sɪdɪ,ɛrɪ]由控股公司拥有的公司，子公司branch[bræntʃ]一家大公司的某个办事处或集团，分支corporation[,kɔrpə‘reʃən]由几个公司构成的集团，集团公司division[də‘vɪʒən]一家大公司中分离的部分，分公司distribution centre[dɪstrə‘bjuʃən]发货中心holding company持有多数股份的控制其他公司的公司，控股公司call centre员工通过电话把信息告诉顾客的地方，电话服务中心plant[plænt]有机器的厂房，工厂warehouse[‘wɛr,haus]仓库Unit3sole trader[səul]独立法人，独立经销partnership[‘pɑ:tnə,ʃip]合伙经营franchise['fræn,tʃaiz]连锁店，特许经销权，特许经营entrepreneurial spirit[,ɔntrəprə‘njuriəl][’spɪrɪt]企业家精神进取精神granting of a licence同意发给许可证charge one’s own prices自行定价收费profit margin['prɔfit]['mɑrdʒɪn]利润率，利润幅度，利差credit rating['kredit]信用度，信用评级franchise agreement特许协议brand name[brænd]品牌名称trademark n商标financial assistance[fai'nænʃəl][ə'sɪstəns]金融支持franchisee n.[,fræntʃaɪ'zi](公司的分店、零售店或联号商店的）特许经营者，加盟者ludicrous adj.['ludɪkrəs]荒谬的，可笑的menu content菜单的内容solicitor n.[sə'lɪsətɚ]律师branch out使……分支出来，拓展业务launch vt.[lɔntʃ]开办（新企业）investvt.[ɪn'vɛst]投资luggage n.['lʌgɪdʒ]行李online database[‘detə,beis]网上数据库subscription n.[səb'skrɪpʃən]订购，订阅lower case小写字母，小写体laptop n.['læptɑp]手提电脑，便携式电脑security保安，安全registration n.[,redʒi‘streiʃən]登记，注册voicemail n.语音信箱schedule n.['skedʒul]时间表，计划，安排venture n.['vɛntʃɚ]投机活动；商业冒险；（为盈利而投资其中的）风险公司unit6body-piercing studio['pɪrsɪŋ]人体穿环工作室（一种从事人体美容的地方) migraine['maɪgren]偏头痛arrange an interview安排会面automated message['ɔtometɪd]自动信息win lottery中彩票，中奖disciplinary procedures惩戒程序纪律程序car plant汽车制造厂pay off还清欠债，取得成功mortgage n.['mɔrgɪdʒ]抵押，按揭cutback n.削减，减少carry out执行，实行take someone on录用某人recruit v.[rɪ‘krut]招聘，招募dismiss v.[dɪs'mɪs]解雇sack v.[sæk]解雇lay off解雇make redundant[rɪ'dʌndənt]裁员walk out罢工resign v.[rɪ'zaɪn]辞职take voluntary redundancy[rɪ’dʌndənsɪ]自愿接受裁退inbox n.收件箱check the inbox检查收件箱recipient n.[rɪ'sɪpɪənt]接收人，收件人CC the email转发邮件in case如果，万一save emails保存电子由件email addict[æ'dɪkt]电子邮件狂（指过分频繁收发电子邮件的人）file emails给电子邮件归档delete emails[dɪ'lit]删除邮件subject line['sʌbdʒikt]主题栏charity n慈善机构，慈善组织tribunal n.[trai'bjunl]法庭，裁判机关in the loop在圈内compensation n.[,kɑmpən‘seiʃən]赔偿，补偿fire off发送（信件、电子邮件等）storage n.['storɪdʒ]仓库，储存处in trouble处于困境（苦恼)中with regard to...关于，至于lorry n.['lɔrɪ]卡车，运输卡车stock n.[stɑk]现货，存货unit7fighter pilot战斗机飞行员shake off摆脱,思掉unglamorous adj.[ʌn'glæmərəs]没有魅力的，无浪漫色彩的，乏味的，单调的unglamorous image['ɪmɪdʒ]单调的形象jolly n.['dʒɑlɪ]痛快，刺激association with[ə,sosɪ'eʃən]与…的联系door-to-door adj.挨家挨户的，走家串户的；adv.挨家挨户地，走家串户地gamble vi.['gæmbl]投机，赌博pay off还清（债），获得成功tangible adj.['tændʒəbl]有形的，具体的，切实的buzz n.[bʌz](俚语）极度兴奋，微醉sales pitch推销商品的口才commercial director n.[kə'mɝʃəl][də'rɛktɚ]销售总监pitch[pɪtʃ]n.程度（文化、知识、教育、能力等方面的）水平a firm of architects['ɑrkə,tɛkt]建筑设计公司administration staff[əd,mɪnə'streʃən]行政人员，行政管理人员call centre呼叫中心，电话服务中心，客服中心conveyor belt[kən'veɚ][bɛlt]传送带，输送带replace A with B用B来替换Acold calling(向潜在客户拨打的）冷不防电话，无约电话outnumber vt.数目上超过，数量上超过另外一些有关销售的表达法：（1）sales quota销售定额（2）sales figure销售数字（3）sales representative销售代表（4）substantial financial rewards切实的经济问题（5）help buyers satisfy their wants and needs帮助顾客满足他们的需要（6）communicate knowledge face to face面对面地传播知识job description[dɪ'skrɪpʃən]职务说明，工作说明distrust vt.[dɪs'trʌst]不信任，不相信stuff n.材料，原料，产品overload vt.超载，使过度承载product specifications产品规格specification[,spɛsəfə'keʃən](常用复数）n.规格，规范dimension n.[dɪ'mɛnʃən]尺寸website n.['wɛb,saɪt]网址classic adj.['klæsɪk]典型的，有代表性的knockback n.拒绝，打击personality n.[,pɝsn'ælətɪ]性格personality type性格类型turn down拒绝outgoing adj.外向的，开朗的hang up挂断电话stationery n文具,（配套的）信笺信封home improvement重新装修，居家修缮office space写字楼，办公室insulation n.[,ɪnsə'leʃən]绝缘，绝热，隔离alternative n选择availability n.[ə,velə'bɪlətɪ]可用性，有效，可用.prompt adj.[prɑmpt]迅速的，快速的a prompt decision快速决定Unit8consumer behavior消费者行为balance sheet资产负债表purchasing power购买力go for a interview参加面试make a deal达成交易additional value附加值competitive edge竞争优势annual report年度报告professional dedication员工敬业精神profit after tax税后利润go public上市advertising campaign广告活动payment terms支付条款retained profit留存利润remortgage your home转按揭/再抵押房产renew contract续订合同viral marketing病毒式/传染式营销consumer confidence消费信任度employee loyalty员工忠诚social networking site社交网站profit and loss利润和亏损direct mail直接邮寄广告small claims小额索赔accounts payable and receivable应付和应收账款organic growth有机增长，自然发展pilot project试点项目make a down-payment付首款。
商务英语词汇大全文库
商务英语词汇大全文库一、国际贸易1. 进出口：Import / Export2. 贸易顺差：Trade Surplus3. 贸易逆差：Trade Deficit4. 自由贸易区：Free Trade Zone (FTZ)5. 关税：Tariff6. 世界贸易组织：World Trade Organization (WTO)7. 贸易壁垒：Trade Barrier8. 非关税壁垒：Non-T ariff Barrier (NTB)9. 贸易协定：Trade Agreement10. 区域经济一体化：Regional Economic Integration二、商务谈判1. 谈判：Negotiation2. 议价：Bargaining3. 报价：Quotation4. 还价：Counteroffer5. 合同：Contract6. 交货期：Delivery Date7. 支付方式：Payment Method8. 谈判策略：Negotiation Strategy9. 协商：Mediation10. 仲裁：Arbitration三、营销策略1. 市场调研：Market Research2. 目标市场：Target Market3. 产品定位：Product Positioning4. 品牌建设：Brand Building5. 促销策略：Promotion Strategy6. 广告宣传：Advertising Promotion7. 公共关系：Public Relations (PR)8. 市场细分：Market Segmentation9. 定价策略：Pricing Strategy10. 销售渠道：Sales Channel四、金融与投资1. 货币：Currency2. 外汇：Foreign Exchange (FX)3. 本币：Domestic Currency4. 外汇市场：Foreign Exchange Market (FX Market)5. 国际金融市场：International Financial Market (IFM)6. 投资组合：Portfolio7. 股票：Stocks8. 债券：Bonds9. 期货与期权：Futures & Options10. 对冲基金：Hedge Funds11. 风险投资：Venture Capital (VC)12. 私募股权投资：Private Equity (PE)。
商务英语专有名词翻译（最终版）
商务英语专有名词翻译（最终版）第一篇：商务英语专有名词翻译（最终版）商务英语名词翻译Unit 1CICSCUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的简称。
trade terms交易条款sales contract 销售合同price list价格单reference price 参考价name of commodity品名；商品名称quantity数量withdrawal of offer撤回发盘revocation of offer撤销发盘termination of offer终止发盘inquiry询盘offer发盘；报盘；实盘offeror发盘人offeree受盘人firm offer实盘non-offer虚盘indefinite offer虚盘counter-offer还盘accept承诺contract合同（契约）termination of a contract合同的终止suspension of a contract合同的中止Unit 2claim damages损害索赔claim clause索赔条款compensation补偿the party in the breach违约方difference差额interest利息bona fide party当事人Unit 3WTOWorld Trade Organization, 世界贸易组织the Final Act指乌拉圭回合多边谈判的最终议案Uruguay Round乌拉圭回合accountable负责的，需要解释的ground-rule基本准则decision-making body决策机构the General Council总理事会the Dispute Settlement Body争端协调机构the Trade Policy Review Body贸易政策评审机构GATTthe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 《关税与贸易总协定》，简称关贸总协定。
商务英语常用术语
商务英语常用术语English:Business English encompasses a wide array of specialized vocabulary and terminology essential for effective communication in the corporate world. Commonly used terms include "ROI" (Return on Investment), which refers to the measure of profitability of an investment relative to its cost. "B2B" (Business-to-Business) denotes transactions between businesses, such as wholesale trade or services between companies. "KPIs" (Key Performance Indicators) are quantifiable metrics used to evaluate the success of an organization, department, or specific activity. "SWOT analysis" (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is a strategic planning technique used to identify and understand the internal and external factors that can affect a company's performance. "Networking" involves building and maintaining professional relationships for mutual benefit, often through events or online platforms. "Stakeholders" are individuals or groups with an interest or concern in the success of a business, including employees, customers, shareholders, and the community. "Negotiation" is the process of reaching an agreement through discussion and compromise, crucialin business deals and contracts. "Supply chain" refers to the sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of goods, from the sourcing of raw materials to the delivery of the final product to consumers. "Brand equity" is the commercial value derived from consumer perception of a brand name, affecting customer loyalty and willingness to pay premium prices. "Market segmentation" involves dividing a broad target market into smaller, more manageable segments based on common characteristics or behaviors.中文翻译：商务英语涵盖了一系列在企业世界中进行有效沟通所必需的专业词汇和术语。
(完整版)英语专业四级语法和词汇总结
1.nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”；none other than 意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。
2.A. taxes B. payment付款 C. fees 手续费、入场费、会费 D. premium津贴酬金3. A. display展示型表演 B. performance文艺表演 C. show展览会 D. exhibition销售性质的展览会4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world.A. it isB. as isC. there is 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略D. what is5. A. set out 开始 as/in/on B. set off使做某事 C. set up 开业,开始经商D. set about开始、着手6. proliferation 扩散fair庙会、交易会7. tumble to 突然察觉come to意为“降临，发生8. understand better than...意为“对…非常理解”9. go with意为“与…相配”；go by意为“根据…作出判断”；go through意为“通过；经历”；go out意为“过时” go into意为“叙述；讨论10. on principle意为“根据行为准则；按照原则”；in principle意为“原则上；基本上；大体上”。
for与by不与principle搭配。
11. take over意为“接收，接管”；take up意为“开始采用；采取，承担”；take off意为“脱去；拿掉”；take to意为“开始从事；开始沉湎于”。
商务英语专有名词
商务英语专有名词商务英语阅读名词解释Chapter11．g lobal company : a company that integrates its international biz activities.2．Stable : the entire range of products a company has or produces3．Joint venture : a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.4．Merger & acquisition : combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.5．Consumer market: an organized group of buyers and sellers of a particular product that are affected by its demand and supply.6．Distribution channel: all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.7．Listed company : a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.8．Marketing savvy : understanding and knowledge of how goods and services are marketed.9．Industrial complex(工业生产基地) : a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.10. brand recognition : a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.11. specialty shop : an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.12. household name : a brand, person, company, etc. that isknown to all or very popular in a place.13. loss-maker : a biz that continually makes no profit.14. home country : the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.15. quota : a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.16. organizational culture : the common values, behavior patterns, institutions, and so on among employees of a corporation.17. market economy : an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.Chapter 21.new economy : a different form of economy that is mainly supported by ITsector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing./doc/f510019434.html,bor force : all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.3.bubble economy : an economy that primarily depends on banking, financialmarket and other transient operation.4.venture capital : funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startupsopen to large risk of loss./doc/f510019434.html, cycle : A period of time that a biz goes through consists of fourstages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recover 复苏.6.stock market : a stock exchange that deals in stocks andshares.7.deregulation : the ending of the existing system of regulations, especially bythe government.8.public offering : a nonexclusive issue to the general public either bonds orstock by a firm in order to raise funds.9.bottleneck : difficulties or things that are more likely hinder normalproduction or prevent smooth economic development./doc/f510019434.html,rmation tech信息技术: all devices and knowledge that are required tomanage any kind of data.11.Treasury bill短期国债：A short-term obligation of the U.S. Treasury, havinga maturity period of one year or less and sold at a discount from face value.短期国库券：美国财政部发行的一种短期债券，一年或少于一年到期，以票面价值打折的形式出售.Treasury bond : 长期国债T-bonds ha ve maturity’s greater than 10 years.T-note : 中期国债has maturity ranging from 2 to 5 years./doc/f510019434.html, plan : future actions to be taken by a company, concerning products,production, market, investment, etc.13.capital stock : The total amount of stock authorized for issued by acorporation, including common and preferred stock. 股本(总额)：由一个公司授权发行的股票的总数额，包括普通股和优先股.14.product life cycle : a theory stating that certain kinds of products go througha cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction, growth, maturity anddecline.15.junk bonds : an interest-bearing certificate of debt that promises to give ahigh yield but is issued by a company with low credit rating 低信用等级.16．Seed money=seed capital启动资金: the initial equity capital used to start a new venture or biz.Chapter 31. liquidity : available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.2. exchange rate : the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.3. multinational company : a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.4. benchmark : a standard by which something can be measured or judged.5. pricing policy : a plan or statement of prices set by an organization for its products and services.6. money market : the institutions and practices through with short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.7. capital market : a place where deals are made relating to long term investment needed by businesses and public authorities.8. collateral : property or an item of value acceptable assecurity for a loan orother obligation.担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产9. counterparty : a term used to identify the “other” party in a two-party transaction.10. stock exchange: a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.11. retail : the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.12. cheque : a printed form, used instead of money, to make payment from one’s bank account.13. economic integration : the integration of commercial & financial activities among countries through the abolishment/cancellation of economic discrimination.Chapter 41.Dow-Jones Industrial Average : an index of the share prices quoted on theNew York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.2.Blue chip : a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in itslong record of steady earnings.3.Nasdaq : national association of securities dealers automated quotations4.social security社会保障: a government program that provides economicassistance to persons faced with unemployment, disability, or agedness, financed by assessment (税额) of employers and employees.5.tax deduction : an expense费用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct fromtaxable income.6.reinsurance ：the purchase of insurance by an insurance company fromanother insurance (reinsurer) to provide it protection against large losses on cases it has already insured.7.policy :保单the printed legal document stating the terms of insurancecontract that is issued to the policyholder投保人by company.8.public relations : PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between anorganization and the people outside it.9.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy,characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment. 萧条，不景气：国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业10.media ：a means of mass communication, such as newspapers, magazines, radio,or television.11.recession: An extended decline in general business activity, typically threeconsecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.衰退：经济活动普遍而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降Chapter 51．S anction : the penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.2．Trade deficit : imports minus exports of goods andservices.3．Balance of trade 贸易支付差额the value of country’s exports mi nus the value of its imports.4．Downturn : a tendency downward, especially in biz or economic activity. 5．Speculation投机: engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit.6．Value added tax : an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。
商务英语名词解释
商务英语名词解释ABAC (APEC Business Advisory Council) 亚太经合组织工商咨询理事会ACFTA (ASEAN–China Free Trade Area) 中国东盟自由贸易区ACIA (ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Area) 东盟全面投资区域ACP (Africa, Caribbean and the Pacific) 非洲，加勒比海和太平洋ADP Agreement (Anti-Dumping Agreement) 《反倾销协定》AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) 东盟经济共同体AFTA (the ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区AMS（aggregate measurement of support）(农产品)综合支持量APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经济合作ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 东南亚国家联盟ASEAN-SAM (the ASEAN Single Aviation Market) 东盟单一航空市场ATC (the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) 纺织品和服装协议BBS（bulletin board system）电子公告B/L (Bill of Lading) 提货单CA（certificate authority）CA认证CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) 共同农业政策CCC(china compulsory certification) 中国强制认证CCIC（china certification&inspection group）中检集团CCOIC（china chamber of international commerce）中国国际商会CEPT (Common Effective Preferential Tariff) 共同有效关税CFR(cost and freight) 成本加运费CFS（container freight station）集装箱货运站C.I.C（china insurance clause）中国保险条款CIETAC(china international economic&trade arbitration committee) 中国国际仲裁委员会CIF（cost insurance and freight）到岸价CIP（carriage and insurance paid to）运费和保险费付至CLP（container load plan）集装箱装箱单CISG (UN Convention on Conventions for the International Sale of Goods) 联合国国际货物销售合同公约CPE(central planned economy) 计划经济CPT（carriage paid to）运费付至CQC（china quality certification center）中国质量认证中心CTB/L（combined transport B/L）集装箱联运提单CU (Customs Union) 关税联盟C.W.O.（cash with order）随订单付现CY(container yard) 集装箱堆场DAT(delivered at terminal) 终点站交货DAP（delivered at place）目的地交货DDP（delivered duty paid）完税后交货DSB (Dispute Settlement Body) 争端解决机构D/A（docment against acceptance）承兑交单D/C(documentary collections) 跟单托收D/D（remittance by banker’s demand draft）票汇D/P(document against payment) 付款交单D/P T/R（D/P at days after sight to the issue trust receipt in exchange for documents ）D/R（dock receipt）场站收据EC（electronic commerce）电子商务EC (the European Community) 欧洲共同体ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) 西非国家经济共同体ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community) 欧洲煤钢共同体EDI (Electronic Data Exchange of Information) 电子数据交换信息EFTA (the European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易协定EFT（electronic fund transfer）电子货币EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) 经济货币联盟EMQ(environmental management systems) 环境管理系统EOS（electronic order system）电子订货ERP (effective rate of protection) 有效保护率E/R（equipment receipt）设备交接单ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) 估计到达时间EU (European Union) 欧盟EURATOM (the European Atomic Energy Community) 欧洲原子能共同体EXW（ex works）工厂交货FAK（freight for all kinds）FAK包箱费率F.A.Q( fair average quality) 良好平均品质FAS（free alongside ship）船边交货FCA（free carrier）货交承运人FCB（freight for class&basis）FCB包箱费率FCS（freight for class）FCS包箱费率FCL（full container load）整箱货FDA (Food and Drug Administration) 食品及药物管理局FDI (Foreign Direct investment) 对外直接投资FOB（free on board）离岸价格FPA（free of particular average）平安险FTZ(foreign trade zone) 对外贸易区GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) 服务贸易总协议GATT（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关税暨贸易总协定GDP (gross domestic product) 国内生产总值G.M.Q(good merchantable quality) 上好可销品质GNP（Gross National Product）国民生产总值GSP (General System of Preference) 普遍优惠制GSPCO(generalised system of preference certificate of origin) 普惠制产地证ICC （the International Chamber of Commerce）国际商会I.C.C（institute cargo clauses）协会货物条款IFIA （the International Federation of Inspection Agencies）国际检验机构联合会IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织Incoterms(international commerce term) 国际贸易术语ISP（internet service provider）网络服务商ISO（the international organization for standardization）国际标准化组织L/C (Letter of credit) 信用证LCL（less than container load）拼箱货LDC (Less developed country) 欠发达国家MFA ( the Multifibre Arrangement ) 多种纤维协定MFN（Most Favored Nation）最惠国MT（metric ton）公吨M/T（mail transfer）信汇MTC (Multi-Modal Transport Contract) 综合运输合同MTD（multi-modal transport document）多式运输单据M/R（mate’s receipt）大副收据NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) 北美自由贸易协定NGO（Non-Governmental Organization）非政府组织NTB (non-tariff barrier) 非关税壁垒NV (normal value) 标准值O/A（open account trade）赊账交易OEEC (the Organization for European Economic Cooperation) 欧洲经济合作组织QMS(quality management system) 企业质量管理体系OPEC（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）石油输出国家组织PICC（the people’s insurance company of china）中国人民保险公司QC (Quality Control) 品质控制ROI（return on investment）投资回报率、S/C（sales contact）销售合同SCM Agreement (The Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures) 《补贴与反补贴施协议》SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) 联合国国际贸易标准分类SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) 中小企业S/O（shipping order）装货单TC（transnational corporation）跨国公司TCT（time charter on trip basis）航次期租TEU（twenty-foot equivalent unit）20英尺标准箱TMB（A Textiles Monitoring Body）纺织品监督机构T.P.N.D.（theft，pilferage and non-delivery）偷窃，提货不着险TPP（trans-pacific partnership agreement）跨太平洋伙伴关系TRIMs （the Trade-Related Investment Measures）与贸易有关的投资措施TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) 与贸易有关的知识产权协议T/T（telegraphic transfer）电汇U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) 苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（1991年解体）UCP (Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits ICC publication No.600) USP600 UEMOA (West African Economic and Monetary Union) 西非经济货币联盟UNCTAD（United Nations Conference on Trade and Development）联合国贸易暨发展会议URC(uniform rules for collections) 托收统一规则VER (voluntary export restraint) 自愿出口限制WB（the world bank）世界银行WIPO (the World Intellectual Property Organization ) 世界知识产权组织WPA(with particular average) 水险WTO (the World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织。
商务英语专业词汇解释
美联商务英语老师帮你解释专业词汇导读：商务英语之所以难就是因为里面有涉及到很多正式用语和专业词汇，但是也就是因为有难度并且用处很大，才会这么多人都回去美联商务英语培训中心学习。
下面我们就来看看词汇吧！要说什么词汇是最难的，答案肯定是专业性很强的词汇。
比如像是商务词汇、医学词汇、天文词汇等，就算是中文，我们也会看的一知半解，要是英语的，那就更加是一头雾水了。
不少去美联商务英语培训班学习的学生都会反映，在词汇方面有问题。
所以下面就看看美联商务英语老师如何为大家解释这些专业词汇吧！在商务英语中，有着许多通过引申、转换、添加等手段而获得的有别于普通英语词义的具有"新义"的"旧词"。
例如：1、literature 在普通英语中，它表示"文学"；而在商务英语中，它则表示"printed matters, including leaflets, instruction, product catalogue, price list, etc. (文字宣传资料，诸如产品说明书、产品目录、价目表等)"。
例句：In order to market our new product，we have printed fine literature．(为了推销新产品，我们印了精美的宣传资料。
)2、claim 在普通英语中，它的意思是"要求，认领"；而在商务英语中，它则表示"demand or request for a thing considered one's due (索赔)"。
例句：We claimed on that shipping company for the loss involved．（我们向轮船公司就有关损失提出索赔。
）上面我们就以两个词作为例子来进行了介绍。
商务英语里面还有很多这样的词汇，我们可能认识它，但是它在商务英语里面的意思可能与我们以前学习的相去甚远，所以对于这样的词其实更加要注意。
商务英语常用专业术语
商务英语常用专业术语Business English Commonly Used Professional TerminologyCommunication is the foundation of any successful business venture. In the realm of business, the use of specialized language and terminology is essential for conveying ideas, negotiating deals, and fostering effective collaboration. Among the diverse range of business-related disciplines, the field of business English has evolved to encompass a unique set of professional terminology that facilitates seamless interactions within the global marketplace.One of the most prominent areas in business English is finance and accounting. This domain encompasses a wide array of terms and concepts that are crucial for understanding financial statements, analyzing market trends, and making informed investment decisions. From basic terms like "asset" and "liability" to more complex concepts like "discounted cash flow" and "weighted average cost of capital," this specialized vocabulary allows professionals to navigate the intricate world of corporate finance with precision and clarity.Another integral component of business English is marketing and sales. This field revolves around the strategic promotion anddistribution of products and services. Commonly used terms in this domain include "brand positioning," "target market," "customer segmentation," and "return on investment." These words and phrases enable professionals to develop effective marketing strategies, craft compelling advertising campaigns, and track the success of their efforts.The realm of human resources management is another area where business English terminology holds significant importance. From "employee onboarding" and "performance management" to "compensation and benefits" and "organizational development," this specialized language facilitates the effective management of an organization's most valuable asset – its people. By understanding and utilizing these terms, HR professionals can ensure that their practices align with the overall business objectives and foster a productive and engaged workforce.In the realm of operations and supply chain management, business English terminology plays a vital role in streamlining processes, optimizing efficiency, and ensuring seamless coordination throughout the value chain. Terms like "just-in-time inventory," "lean manufacturing," and "supply chain optimization" enable professionals to implement innovative strategies, reduce costs, and deliver products or services to customers in a timely and cost-effective manner.The field of international business and global trade also relies heavily on business English terminology. Concepts such as "foreign direct investment," "currency exchange rates," and "trade barriers" are essential for navigating the complexities of the global marketplace. By understanding and effectively communicating these terms, business professionals can engage in cross-border transactions, manage international operations, and capitalize on emerging opportunities in the global economy.Additionally, the increasing prominence of technology in the business world has given rise to a unique set of business English terminology. From "cloud computing" and "big data analytics" to "cybersecurity" and "digital transformation," these terms enable professionals to stay up-to-date with the latest technological advancements, implement innovative solutions, and enhance overall business performance.In conclusion, the mastery of business English terminology is a critical skill for professionals operating in the dynamic and ever-evolving global business landscape. By understanding and effectively utilizing these specialized terms and concepts, individuals can navigate the complex world of business with greater confidence, collaborate more effectively with their counterparts, and contribute to the overall success of their organizations. As the business worldcontinues to evolve, the importance of business English terminology will only continue to grow, making it an essential component of any professional's toolkit.。
商务英语专业四级的考试术语解释.doc
商务英语专业四级考试术语解释1. global company : 跨国公司--a company that integrates its international biz activities--A multinational corporation or multinational enterprise is an organization, that owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country.（维基百科）2. joint venture : 合资企业--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.--a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together.（柯林斯词典）3. merger &acquisition : 并购--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.--transactions in which the ownership ofcompanies, otherbusiness organizationsor their operating units are transferred or combined.4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.5. listed company : 上市公司--a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.--Apublic company,publicly traded company,publicly held company,publicly listed company, orpublic corporationis acorporationwhose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares ofstockwhich are freely traded on astock exchangeor inover the countermarkets场外交易市场. （维基百科）6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.7. brand recognition :品牌认知（度）；品牌识别--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.8. specialty shop : 专卖店--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.9. household name 家喻户晓的名字-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.10. loss-maker : 亏损企业--a biz that continually makes no profit.11. home country : 祖国，母国--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.12. quota : 配额，定额，限额--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.13. market economy : 市场经济--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.14. new economy : 新经济--a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）15. labor force : 劳动力--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.16. bubble economy :--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂的operation.17.venture capital : 风险资本--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss. --Venture capitalis capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）18. biz cycle : 商业周期--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.-- the business of buying and sellingstocksandshares.-- a place wherestocksandsharesare bought and sold. （朗文词典）20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of fourstages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.--the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）22. liquidity 流动资产--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.-- In finance, a company'sliquidityis the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力23. exchange rate 汇率--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.--the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。
商务英语解释
商务英语解释单词名称Negotiate内容类型动词形式定义与解释Negotiate：就像是在两个阵营中间走钢丝，小心翼翼地摆弄着双方的需求和利益，努力达成一个大家都能勉强接受的结果。
这词儿常用于商业战场或者生活里的各种讨价还价场景。
比如说，你和房东商量房租能不能少点，那就是在negotiate；或者公司和供应商讨论产品价格、交货期啥的，也得靠这个神奇的“negotiate”魔法。
它也可以用在一些比较抽象的事情上，像是和朋友协商周末去哪儿玩，这也是一种negotiate，只不过筹码变成了快乐和友谊啦。
例句与翻译The two companies are negotiating a big business deal. They're like two chess players, trying to outwit each other.（两家公司正在洽谈一笔大生意。
他们就像两个棋手，试图智胜对方。
）I had to negotiate with my mom to get a later curfew. It was like a mini war of words!（我得和我妈妈商量晚点宵禁时间。
那简直就是一场小型口水战！）The union and the management are negotiating better working conditions. It's a tough tug-of-war between them.（工会和管理层正在协商更好的工作条件。
他们之间是一场艰难的拔河比赛。
）We negotiated with the hotel for a free breakfast. Turns out, a little charm goes a long way!（我们和酒店协商争取免费早餐。
结果发现，一点小魅力能发挥大作用！）常见搭配与短语（拓展）Negotiate a contract（洽谈合同）：这是商业世界里的常见操作，就像两个武林高手过招，在合同的条款里你来我往。
商务英语专业四级考试大纲和规范方案.doc
商务英语专业四级考试大纲和规范方案WORD格式.可编辑商务英语专业四级考试规范（SpecsfortheTestforBusinessEnglishMajors-Band4）商务英语专业四级考试项目组级学生。
（四）考试形式本考试包括笔试和口试两种形式，均采用机器考试的形式。
（五）考试时间与组织商务英语专业四级考试于每年12月份举行。
本考试由“全国商务英语专业考试委员会”组织有关测试专家命题，考试由高等学校商务英语专业四、八级考试委员会办公室负责具体实施。
（六）试卷构成1.笔试笔试由听力理解、阅读与写作、商务知识与翻译三个部分组成。
考试总分为100分。
各部分考试内容、题型和所占分值如下表所示：表1商务英语专业四级考试题型与结构考试形式结构时间（分钟）题型题数计分笔试听力30选择（匹配）510填空510简答（1-2篇短文）315小计1335阅读与写作50填空55商务信息解读55商务阅读与写作阅读理解1010阅读写作120小计2040商务知识与翻译50商务用语英译汉及释义510商务短文汉译英115小计625合计130391002.口试口试由口头问答、观点陈述、商务沟通三种题型组成。
考试总分为50分。
各部分考试内容、题型、分值和所占分值比例如下：测试形式测试内容时间（分钟）分值分值比例口头问答考生就考官提出的一般性商务问题进行回答21020%观点陈述考生就有关商务的热点问题展开个人陈述42040%商务沟通考生围绕商务领域的焦点话题展开讨论42040%总计1050100%（七）词汇要求1、认知3000个左右的基本词汇，其中包括1000个左右的常用商务词汇。
2、较为准确、熟练地运用2000个左右的常用词汇及其基本搭配。
（八）成绩认定1、笔试总分为100分。
成绩分为四个等级，60-74分为及格，75-84分为良好，85分以上为优秀。
2、口试总分为50分。
成绩分为三个等级，30-36分为及格，37-42分为良好，43分及以上为优秀。
商务英语常见词汇及解释
商务英语常见词汇及解释商务英语常见词汇及解释今的商务活动强调人实际的商务沟通能力，能否用最准确、清晰的商务语言来与老板和客户进行沟通、交流在很大程度上决定你成功与否。
商务英语培训就是在这一基础上产生的，下面是店铺分享的一些经济常见的商务英语单词以及关于他们的中文解释，希望能对大家有所帮助!Capital gains 资本利得资本资产(例如土地和普通股)价值的上升，是资产购买价格和出售价格之间的差额。
Capital markets 资本市场金融资产(货币、债券、股票)进行交易的场所。
经济中的储蓄经由它和金融中介(financial intermediaries)而得以转化成投资。
Capital-output ratio 资本-产出比率在经济增长理论中，资本-产出比率代表资本总量和年度GDP的比率。
Capital widening 资本广化实际资本的增长率与劳动力(或人日)的增长率相等，从而总资本和总劳动的比率得以保持不变。
它与资本深化(capital deepening)相对应。
Capitalism 资本主义一种经济系统，其中大部分财产(土地和资本)属于私人所有。
在这种经济中，私人市场是配置资源和创造收人的主要手段。
Cardinal utility 基数效用见序数效用(ordinal utility)。
Cartel 卡特尔由一系列生产类似产品的独立企业所构成的组织，目的是提高该类产品价格和控制其产量。
根据美国反托拉斯法，卡特尔属于非法。
Central bank 中央银行一个由政府组建的机构(在美国是联邦储备体系)，负责控制国家货币供给、信贷条件，监管金融体系，特别是商业银行和其他储蓄机构。
Change in demand vs. change in quantity demanded 需求变化与需求量的变化"需求变化"指由商品价格以外的其他因素(例如收入上升和偏好改变等)所导致的商品需求量变动。
商务英语各术语概念
商务英语各术语概念㈠Maketing is the performance of activities that seeks to accomolish an organisations' objective by anticipating customer or client's needs and directing a flow of needs-satisfying goods and services frome producer to customer or client.(The simplest definition is this one: Marketing is the delivery of customer satisfaction at a profit.)The twofold goal of marketing is:to attract new customers by promising superior value;to keep current customers by delivering satisfactionWhat motivate a customer to take action:Needs:state of felt deprivation for basic item. Wants: from that a human need take as shaped by culture and individual pesonality.Demands:human wants backed by buying power.Customer value: benefit that the customer gains from owning and using a producr compared to the cost of buying the product.Customer satisfaction:difference between the product's perceived performance in delivering value relative to the buyer's expectation.㈡The Marketing Process:Situation Analysis,Marketing Strategy,Marketing Mix Decisions,Implementation & Control Situation Analysis:(1)Internal Analysis→The firm must understand its own capabilities(2)External Analysis→The firm identifies t he customers’ needs and the environment in which it is operatingSituation Analysis:(1）5 C Analysis:company，collaborators，customers，competitors，climate （2）PEST Analysis：Political Analysis，Economic Analysis，Social Analysis，TechnologicalAnalysis （3）SWOT Analysis：Internal Analysis（Strengths，weakness）,External Analysis(opportunities,threats)㈢Market Research:Market research means studying places or ways in which a company can sell its products or services :Market research also means studying what customers and prospects need or want from a company and its products.Four-step Market Research:step1,define the problem; step2,develop the research plan;step3,collect the relevant information by specifying;step4,diliver final report㈣The marketing concept is the philosophy that firms should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs, better than the competition.㈤Marketing & Utility⒈form utility：is the usefulness of a product that results from converting raw materials and other inputs into a finished (or more nearly finished) product. Form utility is created by production. ⒉place utility：is the usefulness of a product that results from a change in its location. ⒊time utility：is the usefulness of a product that results from its availability when the consumer wants it. ⒋ownership utility：is the usefulness of a product that comes about through the passage of legal title to the final user. In our economy, legal passage of title is assumed with the exchange of money for a product.㈥Marketing Management：The process of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling marketing activities to facilitate exchanges effectively and efficiently.⒈3Cs:customer,company,competitor.⒉4Ps:product,price,place,promotion㈦Marketing Strategy：⒈The marketing strategy theninvolves:Segmentation，Targeting (target market selection)，Positioning the product within the target market，Value proposition to the target market⒉目标市场营销三部曲（STP战略）：Market Segmenting市场细分，Market Targeting目标市场选择，Market Positioning市场定位㈧Market Segmentation is the identification of portions of the market that are different from one another. Segmentation allows the firm to better satisfy the needs of its potential customers.⒈Target Marketing recognizes the diversity of customers and does not try to please all of them with the same offering. The first step in target marketing is to identify different market segments and their needs.⒉Steps in segmenting and targeting markets：Step 1: From potential buyers into segments（Industrial markets might be segmented on characteristics such as:location，company type，behavioral characteristics；Consumer markets can be segmented on the following customer characteristics:Geographic，Demographic，Psychographic，Behavioral：government and institutional markets）；Step 2. Form products to be sold into groups；Step 3. Develop a Market-Product Grid and Estimate Size of Markets；Step 4. Select target markets⒊A target market is that group of present and potential customers a firm aims to please with its goods or services. If a firm is to practice the marketing concept, it must define the characteristics and wants of its target market.（Single-segment strategy Selective specialization Product specialization Market specialization Full market coverage ）㈨The Consumer Buying Process（Consumer DecisionProcess）：Marketing Inputs（Product Price Promotion Place）→Consumer←（Psychological Inputs：Culture Attitude Learning Perception）→Purchase Decisions（Product Choice Location Choice Brand Choice Other Choices）㈩Purchase Decision Process：problem recognition:peceiving a need;information search:seeking value;evaluation of alternatives:assessing value;purchase decision:buying value;postpuchase behavior:value in consumption or use（十一）影响消费者购买的因素：外部因素：sociocultural inflences（personal ingluences,reference groups, family, culture, subculture）situational influences（The Purchase T ask,Social Surrounding,Physical Surrounding,Temporal Effects,Antecedents States）内部因素：Psychological Influences （Motivation & Personality,Perception Learning Values, Beliefs, & Attitudes Lifestyle）购买者（十二）Consumer Decision Process：Purchase Decision: Buying Value；Decide on the brand/product；Post-purchase Behavior: Value in Consumption or Use；Involvement3 types of decision process：Routine decision making （例行决策） (Brand loyal/Repeat purchase) Limited decision makin g（有限性决策）Extended decision making（扩展性决策）（十三）The Buyer Decision Process for New Products：awareness,interest,evaluation,trial,adoption(十四)Marketing Mix：In carrying out the marketing functions, the firm needs to have a marketing program or strategy. This is known as the marketing mix (the words created by Neii Borden in 1953).Development of marketing mix:1. 4 P’s：(a) product (b) price (c) place (d) promotion2. 6 P’s：(a) product (b) price (c) place (d) promotion (e) power (f) public relations3. 4 C’s：(a) consumer -------consumer’s wants and needs(b) cost --------cost to satisfy wants and needs(c) convenience --------convenience to buy(d) communication -------communication with consumers4. 7 P’s：product price promotion placement (or distribution) people (the use of appropriate staff and people ) physical evidence (customers’ perceptions based on their sight of the service provision ) process (the systems used to assist the organization in delivering the service )（十五）Product Decisions：Product attributes→Branding→Packaging→Labeling→Product support services⒈Brand Strategy：line extensions (existing brand names extended to new forms, sizes, and flavors of an existing product category), (existing brand names extended to new forms, sizes, and flavors of an existing product category)⒉Product：Accessory Product Form Product Core product⒊Pricing Decisions:Internal factors(Marketing objectives, Marketing mix strategy, Costs, Organizational considerations);External factors(Nature of the market and demand,Competition.Other environmental factors (economy, resellers, government))⒋Pricing Approaches:(1)Cost-based pricing: Cost-plus pricing;Break-even analysis target profit pricing;(2)Value-based pricing（3）Competition-based pricing⒌New Product Pricing Strategies（1）Marketing-skimming pricing:（2）Market-penetration pricing⒍Product Mix Pricing Strategies：Product line pricing；Optional product pricing；Captive-product pricing；Product bundle pricing；By-product pricing（十六）Promotion：advertising，personal selling(“Push” and “Pull” strategies)，sales promotion，public relations (PR）⒈A business’ total marketing communications programme is called the "promotional mix"⒉“push” and “pull” strategies:A ‘push’ promotional strategy makes use of a company's sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product.A ‘pull’ selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product.⒊Public Relations:Building good relations with the company’s various publics by obtaining favorable publicity, building up a good corporate image, and handling or heading off unfavorable rumors, stories, and events.The role of public relations is to:Identify the relevant publics;Influence the opinions of those publics by:( Reinforcing favorable opinions,Transforming perhaps neutral opinions into positive ones, Changing or neutralizing hostile opinions)⒋Sales Promotion:Short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sales of a product or service.(Trade promotion,Sales force promotion,Consumer promotion,Business promotion)⒌Major advertising decisions:5Ms of advertising:mission:objectives;money:to pay for the campaign;message:to be delivered;media;measure:measuring the impact⒍Advantages & Disadvantages of Ad.纸质7.Roles of Advertising:marketing role (营销作用) communication role（传播作用）the economic role (经济作用) the societal role (社会作用)(十七)A channel of distribution or marketing channel is a group of individuals and organizations that directs the flow of products from producers and customers.⒈Channel Design Decisions：Analyzing consumer service needs→Setting channel objectives & constraints→Identifying maj or alternatives→Evaluating the major alternatives→Designing international distribution channels2.Distribution Channel：Length of distribution channel （Number of individual entities comprising the channel of distribution between the producer and the consume）Width of distribution channel（Number of different entities available for providing the same distribution function (as a distributor, wholesaler, or retailer) at different stages in a distribution channel）.Intensive Distribution (密集型分销) Selective Distribution (选择性分销) Exclusive Distribution (专营性分销)3.Retailers do not stock large quantities of any one type of goods and this means that he obtains few of his goods direct from the manufacturer.The wholesaler occupies a place between manufacturer and retailer and is therefore sometimes known as a “middleman”.The wholesaler then plays an important part in smoothing out supply and demand fluctuation.。
商务英语名词解释.
1. Budget —预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2. Return —回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3. Portfolio —证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4. Royalty —专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5. Patent —专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.6. Non-tariff barrier —非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Franchise —经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products ina certain area.8.Purchasing power —购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.9. PPP —购买力平价purchasing power parity10. tariff —关税tax levied by the customs11.barriers to trade —贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.12.primary commodities —初级产品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials13.drawback —退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded whenre-exported14.specific duties —从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods15.ad valorem duties —从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods16.carriage —运费the price or cost of transportation17.voluntary offer —主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer18.contracting parties —缔约方signatories of an agreement19.force majeure —[不可抗力] social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party20.firm offer —持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer21.offeree —受要约人the party to whom an offer is made22.hyperinflation —极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control23.inflation —通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.24.protectionism —贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports25.bilateral —双边的of two sides26.bundling—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together27.creditors —债权人a person to whom one owns money28.debtor —债务人a person who owes money29.default —违约fail to carry out an obligation30.draft —汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money31.remittance —汇款the sending of money or the money sent32.drawe r —出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter33.drawee—受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn34.credit-worthiness—资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment35.applicant of an L/C —出口信用证the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C36.beneficiary —受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export37.confirming bank —保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C38.reimburse—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent39.clean credit —光票信用证a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment40.sight credit —即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft41.middleman—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer42.consignee—收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped43.shipping marks —唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation44.insurance policy —保险单a document used for covering possible risks45.title —抬头right to the possession of a position or property46.insured—被保险人a person covered by an insurance policy47.premium—保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract48.potential loss—潜在损失loss which is possible to incur49.claim—索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy50.margin —利润amount above what is estimated as necessary51.underwriter —保险公司a person who carries on insurance as a business52.invoice —发票a document for the general description of the goods and the pricepensation —赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss54.pooling —联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage55.multi-modal transportation —多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and air56.redeem —兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock57.settlement —结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc58.exchange rate —汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency59.money circulation —货币流通money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services60.devaluation —货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies61.reserve —储备金money held aside to meet future demand62.investment —投资the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns63.quota —配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity64.VER —自动出口限制an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country65.intellectual property —知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, andcopy-right66.tax holiday —免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied67.joint venture —合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms68.gilts —金边债券stocks issued by government69.cost-effective —成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure70.anti-dumping —反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured71.mandate —授权authority given to perform a duty72.contracting party —缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement73.Visible trade有形贸易 : The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resalein another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)74.Invisible trade无形贸易 : The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.75.FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.76.Portfolio investment证券投资 : Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.77.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.78.Licensing许可经营 : In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.79.Franchising特许经营 : a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.80.Franchiser特许方 : A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.81.Franchisee被特许方 : A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.82.GNP国民生产总值 : Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. 83.GDP国内生产总值 : Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.84.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值 : It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.85.Income distribution收入分布 : The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.86.Free trade area自由贸易区 : The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy87.Customs union关税同盟 : The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policymon market共同市场 : The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.89.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟 : The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.90.Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部 is the original investing multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .91.Home county母国 : The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.92.Host country东道国 : The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.93.Absolute advantage绝对利益 : It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)parative advantage比较利益 : Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.1..International trade国际贸易 : The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.2.Import duties进口关税 : Tariffs levied on goods entering an area3.Export duties出口关税 : Taxes levied on goods leaving an area4.Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇 : A tariff treatment under whicha country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country5.Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价 : It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.6.Quotation报盘 : Estimate of how much something will cost7.Counter offer还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer8.inflation : Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc9.Barter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed ina short period of time.10.Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.11.Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.12.Remittance 汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each other13.Documentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.14.Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.15.Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.ance draft远期汇票 Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.17.Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange . It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.18.bill of exchange —汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment19.Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)20.applicant of an L/C :The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of anL/C21.Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the credit.22.Opening bank: the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .23.Beneficiary受益人 :The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened24.Correspondent band往来行、关系行 :The bank in the exporter’s country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it25.Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporter’s country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.26.Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.27.Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.28.Negotiating bank议付行: The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it undera credit.29.The documentary credit跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30.Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.31.Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证 : The credit that can not be amended or revoked without the consent of al the parties concerned.32.Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank33.Unconfirmed credit不保兑信用：The credit isn’t confirmed by another bank34.Sight credit即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draftance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证: The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.36.Transferable credit可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.37.Non-transferable credit不可转让信用证: The credit can not be transferred.38.Non-draft credit无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.39.Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.mercial invoice商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.41.Legal holder合法持有人 is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law42.Packing list装箱单: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.43.Straight bill of lading记名提单: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.mon carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.45.Contract carrier契约承运人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).46.Insured被保险人，保户: The person who transfer risk.47.Insurer承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).48.Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.49.Marine insurance海上保险: The insurance of ships and their cargoes.50.Insurance保险: It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.51.Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency. 1美元=6.8元外币为基准52.Indirect quote / quotation（汇率）间接标价: An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.53.Buying rate买入价: It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency.54.Selling rate卖出价: It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.55.Medial rate中间价 It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate.56.SDR特别提款权: Special Drawing Right. It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the IMF.57.Anti-dumping反倾销: to restrict the export expansion of other countries. plan : 商业计划future actions to be taken by a company, concerning products, production, market, investment, etc.59.collateral : property or an item of value acceptable as security for a loan or other obligation.担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产60.stock exchange:证券交易市场a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.61.retail :零售the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.62.tax deduction : an expense费用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct from taxable income.63.policy :保单the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policyholder投保人by company.64.public relations :公关PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.65.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment. 萧条，不景气：国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业66.Trade deficit :贸易逆差imports minus exports of goods and services.67.trade surplus:贸易顺差exports minus imports of goods and services.68.Balance of trade 贸易支付差额the value of country’s exports minus the value of its imports.69.trade sanction : use of a trade policy as a sanction, most commonly an embargo禁运imposed against a country for violating human rights.70.trade reciprocity贸易互惠: the practice by which governments extend similar concessions 让步to each other, as when one gov’t lowers its t ariffs or other barriers impeding its imports in exchange for equivalent concession from a trading partner on barriers affecting its exports.71.venture capital : Money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research, especially in high technology, in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable. Also called risk capital风险资本：投放在富革新精神的企业或研究的资金，尤指用于高科技，其中亏损的风险和赢利的潜力可能都会很大也作risk capital72.start-up: a biz or undertaking事业that has recently begun operation.73.balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写B.S.: a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明74.re-capitalization资本额的调整the act or process of changing the capital structure of a company.75.stock market : a place where stocks, bonds, or other securities are bought and sold.76.cash flow : The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of corporate worth.现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值bor-intensive : requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital.78.market share : the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures.79.intellectual capital : assets or capital in the form of knowledge patent or technology, etc.80.publicly traded companies (PTC) : companies whose shares are traded in stock markets.81.emerging markets 新兴市场: markets which are newly formed or have just come into prominence.82.portfolio investment(有价)证券投资: investment in securities such as bonds and stocks with the aim to earn interest and dividends rather than participate in the management of companies.83.stock turnover: 库存[商品]周转率the number of times a particular stock of goods is sold and restocked during a given period of time.84.lead time订货至交货的时间：the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them.85.dealerships ：A franchise to sell specified items in a certain area.商品代理权：在某一区域内出售某特定商品的特许权86.economic recession : An extended decline in general business activity, typically three consecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.衰退：经济活动普遍而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降87.depression : A period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment.88.liquidity squeeze流动性逃避: financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins.89.reverse merger(借壳上市) ：it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. a reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。
专业四级考试词汇详解
专业四级考试词汇详解2016专业四级考试词汇详解下面是店铺整理的2016年专业英语四级考试词汇详解，提供给大家，希望可以帮助到你们。
be+不定式结构表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
例如：There's to be an investigation.I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.这一结构常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。
例如：The Queen is to visit Japan next year.二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。
例如：You are to stand here. Do you understand?Tell her she's not to be back late.一般现在时也可表达将来时间，常见于条件状语和时间状语从句。
例如：If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.Wait here till the meeting is over.It won't be long before the rain stops.近义词辨析begin, commence, initiate, launch, start这组词均含有“开始”的意思。
begin在这组词中最常用，泛指开始做某事。
但口语中近年来start用得较多。
The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的.音乐。
commence比begin用法正式。
在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。
initiate指进程中的第一步，与何时停止或结束没有关系。
The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。
商务英语专业四级考试术语解释讲解学习
商务英语专业四级考试术语解释商务英语专业四级考试术语解释1. global company : 跨国公司owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country. （维基百科）2. joint venture : 合资企业--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.--a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together. （柯林斯词典）3. merger & acquisition : 并购--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.--transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.5. listed company : 上市公司company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场. （维基百科）6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.8. specialty shop : 专卖店--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.9. household name 家喻户晓的名字-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.10. loss-maker : 亏损企业--a biz that continually makes no profit.11. home country : 祖国，母国--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.12. quota : 配额，定额，限额--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.13. market economy : 市场经济--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.14. new economy : 新经济--a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）15. labor force : 劳动力--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.16. bubble economy :--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient 短暂的 operation.17. venture capital : 风险资本--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss.--Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）18. biz cycle : 商业周期--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.-- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.-- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗文词典）20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.--the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）22. liquidity 流动资产--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.-- In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力23. exchange rate 汇率--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.--the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。
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商务英语专业四级考试术语解释1. global company : 跨国公司an organization, that than the home country. （维基百科）2. joint venture : 合资企业--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.--a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together. （柯林斯词典）3. merger & acquisition : 并购--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.--transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.5. listed company : 上市公司company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场. （维基百科）6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.8. specialty shop : 专卖店--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.9. household name 家喻户晓的名字-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.10. loss-maker : 亏损企业--a biz that continually makes no profit.11. home country : 祖国，母国--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.12. quota : 配额，定额，限额--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.13. market economy : 市场经济--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.14. new economy : 新经济--a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）15. labor force : 劳动力--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.16. bubble economy :--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂的operation.17.venture capital : 风险资本--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss. --Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）18. biz cycle : 商业周期--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.-- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.-- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗文词典）20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of fourstages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.--the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）22. liquidity 流动资产--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.-- In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力23. exchange rate 汇率--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.--the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。
24. multinational company 跨国公司--a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.25. money market 货币市场，金融市场--the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.-- A country's money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange. （柯林斯词典）-- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially foreign money, for profit. （朗文词典）26. collateral担保物，抵押品--property or an item of value acceptable as security抵押品for a loan or other obligation. 被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产--property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you. （朗文词典）27. Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数--an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票--a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its long record of steady earnings.29. Nasdaq : 纳斯达克--national association of securities dealers automated quotations.全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会--The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所located in the same city. （维基百科）30. (insurance) policy 保险单--the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policy holder投保人by company31. public relations 公共关系，公关--PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.32. depression : 萧条，不景气--a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。