被动语态特殊用法[1]
高中被动语态特殊用法归纳
被动语态1. 少数被动语态也可以用动词get + v-ed (动词的过去分词)，后面不接by。
get的这种用法常用于口语，如get changed, get dressed, get hurt, get infected2. 系动词如look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel, appear, seem, prove, turn, stay, fall, keep, stay, 加adj.或n., 没有被动语态，用主动语态表被动意义。
3. 表示主语的某种特性，主语的内在品质或性能，常见的有write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, cut, draw, wear, open, dry, drink, eat等，后面接副词well, easily, smoothly，用主动表被动。
时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
4. 少数动词可以用进行时，主动表被动。
如cook, print, hang。
还有一些动词后面接v-ing形式，主动表被动，如need, want, require, deserve, be worth doing5. 在主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
但在这些词用被动语态时，后面要改为用带to的不定式作主语补足语, 如see, watch, look at, observe, notice, have, make, hear, listen to, feel6. be to blame, be to let, 用主动表被动。
7.特殊句式It is said / reported / hoped / believed / considered / suggested / supposed(推测、认为) that…It is well known that…Sb. is thought / said… to do sth. 听说某人要做某事Sb. is thought / said… to be doing sth. 听说某人正在做某事Sb. is thought / said… to have done sth. 听说某人做了某事8. 一定要用被动的固定搭配，sb. be convincedsb. be seated (on/at sth.)sb. be devoted to sth.专心致志于，献身于sb. be dressed (in sth.)sb. be married tosb. be lost inbe situated in be located inbe attached to be occupied in be addicted to be determined to be based on9. 只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。
中考英语中被动语态特殊情况(中考英语被动语态讲解)
中考英语中被动语态特殊情况（中考英语被动语态讲解）被动语态一一、用法1.说话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省by 短语)。
例： My bike was stolen last night.突出动作的执行者。
例： I was given ten minutes to decide whether I shouldaccept the offer.为了更好地安排句子。
例：The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.二．构成“be ＋及物动词的过去分词”（be 有人称、数和时态的变化）1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are done (过去分词)例：They speak English. → English is spoken (by people)2.一般过去时的被动语态： was/were done例: He watered the flowers just now . → The flowers were watered just now .3.一般将来时的被动语态： shall/will be done例：We will clean the classroom. → The classroom will be cleaned (by us ) .4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is /are being done例：Tom is picking apples . → Apples are being picking by Tom5.过去进行时的被动语态 was/were being done6.现在完成时的被动语态： has /have been done例; The workers have built a house. → A house has beenbuilt by the workers .7.过去完成时的被动语态：had been done8.过去将来时的被动语态：should/would be done例：You would look after him well . → He would be looked after well .9.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词例：The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.三．步骤主动语态变被动语态1、找：找主语、找宾语（找原主动句中的主语和宾语）2、换：换位置，主语变宾语，宾语变主语3、改：动词改成be done的被动形式（其人称和数随主语变化，动词时态则保持不变)4、加：加by( 宾格)，加附属（定语、状语），by 宾格可省略。
(完整版)被动语态的几种特殊用法
被动语态的几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。
The window won’t open．(这扇窗户打不开。
)The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。
)Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。
)She doesn’t photograph well．(她不上相。
)His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的。
)The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。
)Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。
)It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。
)How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?)2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。
My hair needs cutting。
．The bike wants repairing．It doesn’t deserve mentioning．Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。
)3)一些固定句型如："be worth doing sth．have/get sth．(sb.)done"，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义：Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。
初中知识点归纳被动语态的特殊用法与句型转换
初中知识点归纳被动语态的特殊用法与句型转换初中知识点归纳：被动语态的特殊用法与句型转换被动语态是英语语法中的重要部分，它常常用于强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。
在初中阶段，学生们逐渐接触和学习被动语态。
除了一般的被动语态用法外，还有一些特殊用法和句型转换需要我们掌握。
本文将针对这些内容进行简要归纳。
一、特殊用法1. 不知情的被动当我们描述某事被做时，但不知道或不关心动作的执行者时，可以使用不知情的被动语态。
例句：1) The window was broken.（窗户破了）2) The purse has been stolen.（钱包被偷了）2. 句型“have/get something done”在英语中，“have/get something done”表示让别人为自己做某事的意思。
在被动语态中，主语是接受动作的对象，而动作的执行者常常不重要或未指明。
例句：1) I had my hair cut.（我理了发）2) She got her car repaired.（她让人修了车）3. 句型“be to blame for”当我们想表达某事是由某人负责或应该为其负责时，可以使用“be to blame for”这一被动语态句型。
例句：1) He is to blame for the accident.（他应为这次事故负责）2) They were to blame for the delay.（他们应对耽搁负责）二、句型转换1. 主动句变被动句将主动句转换为被动句时，需要注意以下几点：1) 主语变为被动语态的主语；2) 动词使用被动形式（be+过去分词）；3) 如果主动句中有宾语，需要将其变为被动语态句中的主语。
例句：1) 主动句：They build bridges.（他们建桥）被动句：Bridges are built by them.（桥被他们建造）2. 被动句变主动句将被动句转换为主动句时，可以根据以下步骤进行：1) 被动语态的主语变为主动语态的宾语；2) 被动语态的谓语动词变为主动语态的谓语动词；3) 被动语态的宾语变为主动语态的主语。
被动语态用法总结
被动语态用法总结1.一般谓语动词可以通过被动语态来表达被动的意义。
2.当谓语动词带有双宾语时，也可以使用被动语态。
3.在被动语态中，感官动词如see、hear、watch、feel、notice等以及使役动词let、make、have等词后跟省略to的不定式，需要加上不定式符号to。
例如：我们经常在晚上听到一个女孩读英语。
改为被动语态：一个女孩经常被我们听到在晚上读英语。
被动语态还有一些特殊的用法：1.有时可以使用主动形式来表达被动意义。
这种情况通常出现在某些连系动词如smell、feel、taste、sound、prove等中。
例如：这个故事听起来很有趣。
2.某些不及物动词如happen、take place、break out/burstout和spread等在句子中也可以表达被动含义。
例如：近几年我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
3.介词for、on、above、under等构成的短语也可以表达被动含义。
例如：她的一些著名的画在这次展览会上被展出。
4.形容词worth后面跟动名词也可以表示被动含义。
例如：这本书值得一读。
5.在need、want、require、deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例如：这块表需要被修理。
The hair needs to be cut。
English needs to be read more often.Passive voice can sometimes express an active meaning。
There are two main points that students need to pay n to:1) Some fixed phrases。
their passive voice often expresses an active meaning。
For example。
be concerned with/about (care about)。
被动语态的一些特殊用法
3.有些动词的某些意义表示状态，不能用 于被动语态，如have, fit, suit, hold(容 纳)，pass, suffer, contain, last等。
４. “have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示 让别人执行某一行为，也可以表示行为执 行者不明，即：可以表示让某人做某事， 也可以表示不知道是谁做了这件事。 e.g. Tom had his leg hurt in a car accident.
5. 在make, let, see, hear, watch, feel, notice等动词后做宾语补足语的 不定式需省去to,但当句子变为被动时， 作为主语补足语的不定式需必须带to。 e.g. 我经常看见他和他的宠物一起逛街。 I often see he go shopping along with his pet. He is often seen to go shopping along with his pet.
被动语态的一些特殊 用法
１、有些动词的-ed形式既是形容词又是其 过去分词。在系表结构中表示状态。此类 动词有drunk, born, worried, concerned 等。 e.g. He was drunk. I’m so worried. A baby was born.
2. 有些动词以主动语态表示被动意义，如 sell, cook, cut, dry, eat, open, shut, read等。 e.g. 这些胡萝卜很好煮/买/切/吃。 The parrot cooks well sells well cuts easily eats well
被动语态中的特殊情况
被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它用来强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。
在大部分情况下，我们可以很容易地转换主动语态为被动语态，只需将动作的执行者放在by后作为被动语态的主语，而原主语则变成被动语态的宾语。
然而，有些情况下，被动语态的转换并不十分直观，本文将讨论被动语态中的几种特殊情况。
一、动词不及物在被动语态中，大部分情况下我们需要一个及物动词（transitive verb）才能正确转换为被动语态。
及物动词是指需要一个宾语才能成立的动词。
然而，有些动词是不及物动词（intransitive verb），它们无法直接转换为被动语态。
例如：主动语态：He sleeps eight hours every night.被动语态：（不可转换）在这个例子中，动词sleep是不及物动词，因此无法转换为被动语态。
在这种情况下，我们需要使用其他方式来传达类似的含义。
二、形容词和副词在一些情况下，我们可以使用形容词或副词来表达被动语态的含义，而无需使用被动语态的结构。
例如：主动语态：The book is interesting.被动语态：The book is interested in.在这个例子中，我们使用形容词interested来替代被动语态的结构，并传达了同样的含义。
同时，有些副词也可以用来表示被动语态的意思。
例如，actively可以用来表示被动地接受动作，而passively则可以用来表示主动地执行动作。
三、某些动词的特殊用法有一些动词在被动语态中有着特殊的用法。
1. get和haveget和have可以与过去分词形式结合，并表示被动的含义。
例如：主动语态：She gets her car washed every week.被动语态：Her car gets washed every week.主动语态：He had his house painted last year.被动语态：His house was painted last year.2. keep和leavekeep和leave可以与过去分词形式结合，并表示保持或保留的被动含义。
英语语法：被动语态用法大全
英语语法：被动语态用法大全英语语法：被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词 ( + by + 动作执行者) 形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by +行为发出者”，即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态，通过助动词be的变化来表示：1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroomis cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.初中英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种情况：不知道动作的执行者，就是不知道谁干的Dan's bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态中的特殊情况和结构
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态中的特殊情况和结构被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分，也是学习英语的学生常常会遇到的难点之一。
在一般情况下，被动语态的构成较为简单，即“被动助动词（be动词的各种形式）+过去分词”。
然而，在某些特殊情况下，被动语态的使用存在一些特殊的结构和用法。
本文将对高中英语被动语态中的特殊情况和结构进行归纳总结。
一、不及物动词的被动语态通常情况下，不及物动词是没有被动形式的，因为它们本身就不具备被动的意义。
但是，在某些情况下，我们需要使用被动语态来表达被动的含义。
这时，需要借助于转换结构，即将不及物动词转化为及物动词，然后再使用被动语态。
示例：1. 主动语态：The tree grows rapidly.（这棵树生长很快。
）转换为被动语态：The tree is grown rapidly.（这棵树生长得很快。
）2. 主动语态：They sleep for eight hours every day.（他们每天睡八个小时。
）转换为被动语态：They are slept for eight hours every day.（他们每天被睡八个小时。
）二、双宾语的被动语态某些及物动词可以接受两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语。
当双宾语的句子转换为被动语态时，可以根据需要选择保留其中一个宾语或保留两个宾语。
示例：1. 主动语态：He gave me a gift.（他给了我一件礼物。
）转换为被动语态（保留直接宾语）：I was given a gift by him.（我被他给了一件礼物。
）2. 主动语态：She bought her sister a book.（她给她姐姐买了一本书。
）转换为被动语态（保留间接宾语）：Her sister was bought a book by her.（她姐姐被她买了一本书。
）三、感官动词的被动语态感官动词（如see、watch、hear、notice等）表示看、听等感官动作的动词，一般不用于进行被动语态的转换，而是使用不带被动意义的形式，即使用主动形式作为被动语态。
被动语态的几种特殊用法
被动语态(de)几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义1)常见(de)这类动词有：“act,addup,clean,compare,count,cook,draw,fill,iron,keep,let,look,make up,milk,kill,open,photograph,prove,read,sell,smoke,spoil”等. The window won’t open．(这扇窗户打不开.)The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高.)Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧.)She doesn’t photograph well．(她不上相.)His judgment proved wrong．(他(de)判断是错(de).)The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易.)Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡.)It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好.)How did his coat catch on a nail (他(de)衣服怎么钩到钉子上了) 2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义.My hair needs cutting.．The bike wants repairing．It doesn’t deserve mentioning．Hamlet is required reading for the course．(哈姆雷特为本课程指定读物.)3)一些固定句型如："be worth doing sth． have/get sth．(sb.)done",以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义：Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国(de)一个大城市,值得浏览.)Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包).The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中.)This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中.)4)一些不定式(de)主动态表示被动意义：①There be句型：There are a lot of things to do．There is nothing to worry about．②不定式修饰want, have等动词(de)宾语,而句中(de)主语同时又不是不定式(de)逻辑主语时：I want some clothes to wash．Do you have anything to say for yourself③不定式修饰buy,get,give等动词(de)直接宾语,而句中(de)间接宾语又是不定式(de)逻辑主语时：His sister gave him a bike to ride．My father get me a book to read．5)少数动词(de)进行时,有时表示被动意义：Her works are printing．The drum is beating．My new house is building．(2)“It is+V-ed+that-"结构表示被动常用(de)这类结构有：“it is said that…”(据说)；It is supposed that…(据推测)；It is well known that"…(众所周知)；It is believed that"…(据信)；It is reported that"…(据报导)；It is hoped that"…(人们希望)；It is generally considered that"…(有人认为)；1twill be seen that"…(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that…(必须承认)；It must be pointed out that…(必须指出)”等.It is believed／thought that this medicine works well．It is required(of)him that he give the evidence．(要求我提供证据) It is feared that he could not come here．It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour．It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries．(3) “get + .(动词(de)过去分词)"表示被动：这种结构往往用来强调动作(de)结果,也可用来表示突然发生(de)事态,或最终出现(de)某种事实,是一种非正式语体.Did the question get answeredA Boeing 747 got crashed last week．The house is getting painted／repaired．The building got damaged in the flood．Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war．As I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail．[注]在下列句子中,不能使用“get + . (动词(de)过去分词)”结构.误：He got born in 1976．正：He was born in 1976．误：The stow got written by him．正：The story Was writ．ten by him．误：The conference got being held in London．正：The conference is being held in London．(4) 注意以下被动语态(de)几种情况1)短语动词变为被动语态后,其后(de)介词或副词应紧随其后.Frank was brought up by his aunt．The babies are well looked after．The meeting Was put off．The salesman was put out by Mr.．Wilson’s question．(威尔逊先生(de)问题把那位售货员惹火了.)2)“Verb+宾语+宾补”变为被动语态后,宾语转化为主语,宾补转化为主补.The wall Was painted white．(We painted the wal1 white．)He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart．)The house was found empty．(We found the house empty．)He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door．(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)浅析动词被动语态(de)几种特殊用法重庆 / 谢仕芳一、短语动词（“动词＋介词 / 副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”）,如：look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, do away with, make up for, look down upon 等作谓语,变被动语态时,要把它们看作一个整体,其中(de)介词或副词不能漏掉.例如：1. We look after the baby carefully.我们小心地照看着婴儿.The baby is looked after carefully.2. The doctor operated on him at once.医生立刻给他动了手术.He was operated on at once.二、感官动词（ see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和使役动词（ let, make, have 等）用在主动句中,要求后面接不带 to (de)不定式作宾语补足语,但变被动语态时,要加上 to .因为此时原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了.例如：3. I saw the boy play in the street.我看见那个男孩在街上玩.The boy was seen to play in the street.4. She made me stand for 45 minutes.她让我站了 45 分钟.I was made to stand for 45 minutes.三、带双宾语(de)句子变被动语态时,如果“直宾”作主语,通常要在“间宾”前加 to ,但当谓语动词为 make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, fetch, spare, find 等时,要在“间宾”前加 for .例如：5. They pass me a letter.他们递给我一封信.A letter is passed to me.6. The mother bought her daughter a gift.那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物.A gift was bought for her daughter.四、带复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）(de)句子,即宾语和宾语补足语都是名词或代词充当(de)句子,变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为被动语态(de)主语,而宾补保留在谓语后面.例如：7. They call the girl Lucy.他们叫那个女孩露茜.The girl is called Lucy.五、当 anybody, anything 等不定代词作主动式否定句(de)宾语时,变被动语态时,应将其变为 nobody, nothing 作被动句(de)主语,而把被动句(de)谓语动词变为肯定形式.例如：8. He hasn't eaten anything until this morning.到今天早上为止他什么都没吃.Nothing has been eaten until this morning.六、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式(de),也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等.例如：9. The American Civil War broke out in 1861.在 1861 年美国内战爆发了.10. The accident which took place last week surprised us.上星期发生(de)事件使我们很惊讶.七、当谓语动词为 say, report, think, believe, expect, know, consider, suppose 等(de)句子变被动语态时,有两种形式：A. 用 it 作形式主语,而真正(de)主语用从句(de)形式来表达,句型为：It is said / reported / supposed / believed that …（据说 / 据报道 / 据推测 / 有人相信……）.例如：11. People say that he is a doctor. → It is said that he is a doctor. 据说他是个医生.B. 谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语.例如：12. People say that he is a doctor. → He is said to be a doctor.八、主动形式表被动意义(de)几种情况.A. 一些及物动词,如 read, act, write, feel, sell, wear, wash, open, shout, clean, cook, keep, play, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, allow, run, record, begin 等,在主语是物(de)句子里时,常用主动形式表被动意义.例如：13. The story-book sells well.这本故事书很畅销.14. This pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔很好用.15. The machine runs well.机器运转良好.B. 一些表示状态特征(de)连系动词或一些感官动词,如 look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear 等充当系动词时,用主动形式表被动意义.例如：16. The roses smell sweet.玫瑰花闻起来很香.17. Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口.C. 动词不定式前有形容词 light, heavy, easy, difficult, expensive, fit, nice, interesting, dangerous, bitter 等,且与句子主语构成动宾关系时,用主动形式表被动意义.例如：18. The old man is difficult to deal with.那个老人很难应付.19. The telephone number “ 119 ” is easy to remember.号码 119 很好记.D. 在“ This / That is + 名词”(de)句型中,修饰表语(de)不定式用主动形式表被动意义.例如：20. This is a hard question to answer.这是个很难回答(de)问题.21. That is a nice place to visit.那是个值得参观(de)好地方.E. 作定语用(de)不定式(de)逻辑主语在句中作主语或宾语时,用主动形式表被动意义.例如：22. I have a lot of work to do.我今天有很多工作要做.被动语态(de)特殊用法一、主动形式表示被动意义.主动形式表示被动意义有以下几种情况：1．在句型“sth.＋link v.＋adj.”中,如look, sound, smell, taste 和feel这五个连系动词用主动形式表示“某物给人某种感觉”.例如：This kind of cloth feels smooth and looks nice. 这种布料摸起来光滑,看起来很漂亮.2．在句型“sth.＋vi.＋adv.”中,象wish, sell, write, lock, open, close, last 等不及物动词,用主动形式表示某物(de)某种属性.例如：This kind of cloth washes easily and sells well. 这种布料容易洗,好卖.3．在“adj.＋to do”结构中,作状语(de)不定式用主动形式表示被动意义.例如：The water is unfit to drink. 这水不宜饮用.I found his house easy to find. 我发觉他(de)房子很容易找到.4．在“have / want / need sth. to do”结构中,作定语(de)不定式用主动形式示被动意义.例如：Do you have anything to say for yourself. 你有什么话要替自己说吗I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西.I need some water to drink. 我需要喝点水.注意：动词have后面(de)不定式也可以用被动形式,此时,不定式(de)动作(de)执行者,往往是别人而不是句子中(de)主语.例如：I’m going to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought我要去北京,你有什么东西要(我)买吗I have a child to be looked after. 我有个小孩要人照看.试比较：I have a child to look after. 有个小孩要我照看.5．在句型“give / buy , / lend / get sb. sth. to do”中,作定语(de)不定式用主动形式表示被动意义.例如：I’m hungry. Can you give me something to eat我饿了,请给我点吃(de)好吗She offered to lend me some books to read. 他提出借些书我看.6．在句型“there is sth. to do”中,作定语(de)不定式既可以用主动形式表示被动意义,也可以用波动形式.例如：As there was nothing else to do / to be done, we left there.由于没有别(de)事可做,我们离开了那儿.There are a number of problems to deal with / to be dealt with. 有很多问题要处理.7．在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”独立主格结构中,作宾补(de)不定式用主动形式表示被动意义（主语是不定式动作执行者）.例如：With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly－elected president is having a hard time.由于有很多问题要解决,新选(de)总统日子不好过.8．在“be to blame (for…)”结构中,作表语(de)不定式用主动形式表示“应该受到责备或谴责”.例如：Who is to blame for it这事该怪谁呢The driver is to blame for the accident. 司机应该对事故负责.9．在表示“需要”(de)动词need, want, require之后,作宾语(de)动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.例如：The teaching plan requires further discussing. 教学计划需要进一步讨论.The machine needs repairing. 这个机器需要修理.10．在“be worth doing”结构中,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.例如：The movie is worth seeing twice. 这部影片值得看两遍.11．在表示“应得、应受”(de)动词deserve 之后作宾语,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.例如：The boy deserved beating. 这个孩子该打.一.何时使用被动语态英语中,大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力.但是,被动语态也有其特殊(de)用途,它也是表达思想、描述事物(de)需要.人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:.1.不知道或不必说出动作(de)执行者时使用被动语态How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说,力移动时就做了功.After war,everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后,一切都被毁坏了.A greater number of magic English books will be published next year.明年将有更多(de)魔法英语书出版.2.强调动作(de)承受者时使用被动语态例句If you break the school rules,you will be punished. 如果你违反校规,你将受到惩罚.A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新(de)希望学校.She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她.Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 小李被选为班长.3.当动作(de)执行者不是人而是无生命(de)事物时使用被动语态The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了.We were shocked by the news of his death. 我们听到他(de)死讯极为震惊.Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成(de).4.修辞(de)需要,使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称例句He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他出现在舞台上,受到了观众(de)热烈鼓掌.The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received.这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史(de)讲座,受到大家(de)热烈欢迎.I was shown round the school campus by Sean,who had entered the school just a year before. 肖恩带我参观了校园,他去年刚进这所学校.5.为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态例句You’ve been told many tim es not to make the same mistake.你已被多次告知不要犯同样(de)错误.Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定.The control room may not be entered without permission. 非经许可,勿人控制室.6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态例句The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光(de)化学物质,这些物质因光(de)不同色度与颜色而改变.7.在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻(de)客观性例句The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation’s west development campaign. 西气东输工程7月4日全线开工,这是国家西部大开发战略(de)一件大事.8.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态例句He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市.The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外.常用于被动语态(de)动词有born（出生）、 situate（坐落于）、 build（建造）、break（打破）、publish（出版）等.二.使用被动语态时(de)主意事项1.“get+过去分词”结构也可以表被动例句The boy got hurt on his way to school. 这个男孩在上学(de)路上受伤了.These cleaners got paid by the month. 清洁工人按月拿工资.He got caught in the heavy rain on his way home. 在回家(de)路上他被困在大雨中了.类似短语get burnt（着火）、get killed（被杀）、get hurt（受伤）、get lost （迷路）get dressed（穿衣服）、get changed（变化）、get married（结婚）、get washed（洗）等.2.有部分动词接双宾语,那么变为被动语态时也有两种形式.例句主动语态：I passed him a new book.我地给他一本书被动语态：A new book was passed to him（by me）. 或 He was passed a new book（by me）.可接双宾语(de)动词有give（给）、hand（传给）、show（展示）、teach（教）、send（派遣）、pass（传递）等.3.有些“动词+介词/副词”构成(de)固定动词短语,变为被动语态时要注意其完整性,不可分开.例句主动语态：We should take good care of the old and the children. 我们应该照顾好老人和小孩.被动语态：The old and the children should be taken good care of.4.有些由“动词+名词+介词”构成(de)短语动词,其结构较松散,变成被动语态时也可以将名词和其后(de)介词拆开.例句主动语态：They make good use of the library. 他们充分利用图书馆.被动语态：Good use is made of the library. 这个图书馆(de)利用率很高.5.英语中,有些动词接不带to(de)不定式做宾补,但是当它们变为被动语态时,要把to加上去.例句主动语态：The boss made them work twelve hours every day. 老板让他们每天工作十二小时.被动语态：They were made to work twelve hours every day.可接不带to(de)不定式做宾补(de)动词有let（让）、have（使）、see（看）、notice（注意）、watch（观看）、listen to（听）hear（听）、observe（观察）、feel（感觉）等.三、被动语态(de)用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作(de)执行者时.The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造(de).He was elected chairman.他被选为主席.2、当更加强调动作(de)承受者时.此时动作(de)执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略.The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫.The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了.3、当动作(de)执行者不是人时,多用被动语态.如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了.The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了.4、表示客观(de)说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型.It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了.It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍.其它常见(de)"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that…大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议四、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示：1、主动语态变为被动语态(de)步骤：（1）将主动句(de)宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句(de)宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格.如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词".注意：They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了.（3）将主动语态(de)主语改为be…放在谓语动词后.注意：如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格.He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态(de)注意事项：（1）主动句中(de)主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"(de)单词,变为主动句时,通常删去"by…",但原主语被强调者除外.如：They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.这所医院建于1975年.Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作.The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成. （2）含有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语(de)句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态(de)主语,即其被动语态有两种形式.但多以间接宾语作主语. Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相.We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、动词(de)主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意(de)动词多为连系动词,如：look, feel, smell 等.下列动词没有被动式：happen, cost,take,haveAn accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故. An accident happened yesterday.（）The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香.The watch looks good.这表看起来很好.This book sells well.这本书畅销.六、各种时态(de)被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上(de)许多人都说英语.Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会.The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室.2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了.He was saved at last. 他最终获救了.My bike was stolen. 我(de)自行车被偷了.3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲.A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路.I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助.4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理.The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论.A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车. 5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了.The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了.Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害.6．过去完成时(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了.She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁.He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了.。
英语被动语态的用法
英语被动语态的用法被动语态一．英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by 短语表示出来.二．被动语态的用法1. 不知动作执行者时, 常用被动语态.eg. My bike was stolen yesterday.This car is made in American.2. 不必要说出动作执行者时, 常用. eg. Rome was not built in a day.3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时, 常用被动语态.eg. Thousands of beaches are polluted 4动作的发出者不是人。
Eg .Many houses were washed away in the flood.三．把主动语态变为被动语态的步骤宾语提前主语变，时态人称be 关键，过去分词勿变错，原主变宾by 后见主动语态变被动语态的结构图:Bell invented the telephone in 1876.The telephone was invented by Bell in 18761. 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语.2. 把动词改为被动形式, 即“be + 过去分词” . 注意 be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化, 时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致.3. 原来主动语态句中的主语, 如果需要, 就放在by 后面以它的宾格形式出现. 如果没有必要就可以省略. 其他的成分 (定语, 状语) 不变, 句式也不能变.注意的事项谓语动词变过分，不忘前面be 动词跟主被动时态一致注意因人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题四。
各种时态的被动语态的构成：1. 一般现在时态 am, is, are +过去分词2.一般过去时态 was, were +过去分词3.一般将来时态 will/am.is.are going to+ be +过去分词4. 过去将来时态 would/was.were going to+ be + 过去分词5.现在完成时态 have, has + been +过去分词6.过去完成时态 had + been +过去分词7.现在进行时态 am, is, are + being +过去分词8.过去进行时态 was, were + being +过去分词9.含情态动词的 : 情态动词 + be +过去分词变被动语态的特殊情况五．几种值得注意的被动语态变化1. 动词短语变成被动语态，许多由不及物动词和介词，副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，take care of → be taken care ofcut down → be cut downlaugh at → be laughed atlook after → be looked after2 主动语态中含有感官动词watch see hear feel notice等及使役动词 let,make have等后面跟省略to 的动词不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符号to.We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song (by us).us) to be sung (by them). This song is often heard (by3. 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化为主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语，若将直接宾语转化为主语时，则在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for.tell ask bring write Bob sent Kate a letter last year.give teach pass lend +to =Kate was sent a letter by Bob last yearmake=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.buy +for Mum made me a new dress.draw I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.4带复合宾语的被动语态结构宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
被动语态的特殊用法
被动语态的特殊用法我们刚刚学习了被动语态的构成与一些基本用法,下面就一起来瞧瞧被动语态的一些特殊用法。
一、一些特殊动词的被动语态1、跟复合宾语的动词的被动语态感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带 to 不定式作宾语补足语 ,但变为被动语态时 ,须转为带 to 不定式。
如:I saw a bag drop from the bus、f A bag was seen to drop from the busMother made her baby sleep in her arm、sf The baby was made to sleep in her mothe'rs arms、2、跟双宾语的动词的被动语态直接宾语与间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。
如 :Mr、 Smith gave us a lecture、f We were given a lecture by Mr、 Smith、或 A lecture was given by Mr、 Smith、当句中含有 return, write, find, buy 等动词时 ,常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语 ,同时要注意介词的搭配。
如:I returned him the book、f The book was returned to him、（注意用 to）He wrote me a short note、f A short note was written to me、（注意用 to）He found me an umbrella、f An umbrella was found for me、（注意用 for）I bought her some flowers、f Some flowers were bought for he、r （注意用 for）3、短语动词的被动语态变成被动语态时 ,短语动词应当瞧作一个整体 ,其中的介词或副词不能丢掉。
初中英语被动语态特殊用法
• This pen writes smoothly. • 这支钢笔很好用。
• The machine runs well. • 机器运转良好。
• 11、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式 的，也不可用其过去分词作后置定语，如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等。例如：
• 7.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
• He was born in this city. 他出生在这个 城市。
• 常用于被动语态的动词有 • born（出生）、 situate（坐落于）、 build
（建造）、break（打破）、publish（出版） 等。
• 二.使用被动语态时的主意事项
• 1.“get+过去分词”结构也可以表被动
他们不允许我入场。
主动：They refused me admittance. (正)
被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)
被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)
• 3.有些“动词+介词/副词”构成的固定动词 短语，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性， 不可分开。
• 主动：He gave her some money. (正)
• 被动：She was given some money by him. (正 ）
• 被动：Some money was given to her by him. (正)
• 2）、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通 常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do, make, pass, sell, sing, write 等：
【专项训练】被动语态的几种特殊用法及被动语态练习
被动语态的几种特殊用法一、短语动词（“动词＋介词/ 副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”），如：look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, do away with, make up for, look down upon 等作谓语，变被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能漏掉。
例如：1. We look after the baby carefully. 我们小心地照看着婴儿。
The baby is looked after carefully.二、感官动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和使役动词（let, make, have 等）用在主动句中，要求后面接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语，但变被动语态时，要加上to 。
因为此时原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。
例如：3.I saw the boy play in the street. 我看见男孩在街上玩。
The boy was seen to play in the street.三、带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，如果“直宾”作主语，通常要在“间宾”前加to ，但当谓语动词为make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, fetch, spare, find 等时，要在“间宾”前加for 。
例如：5. They pass me a letter. 他们递给我一封信。
A letter is passed to me.6. The mother bought her daughter a gift. 那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物。
A gift was bought for her daughter.四、带复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）的句子，即宾语和宾语补足语都是名词或代词充当的句子，变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾补保留在谓语后面。
被动语态详解
被动语态详解一、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、当更增强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时能够省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有清扫。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that…大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议二、被动语态形式：被动语态的核心就是be + done,但be 根据时态有各种变化！1.一般现在时is/am/are +done2.一般过去时was/were +done3.一般将来时will be +done4. 过去将来时would be +done5.现在实行时is/am/are being +done6.过去实行时was/were being +done7.现在完成时has/have been +done8.过去完成时had been +done三、、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）English by lots of people in the world. 世界上的很多人都说英语。
被动语态的特殊用法
被动语态的特殊用法我们刚刚学习了被动语态的构成与一些基本用法,下面就一起来瞧瞧被动语态的一些特殊用法。
一、一些特殊动词的被动语态1、跟复合宾语的动词的被动语态感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语,但变为被动语态时,须转为带to不定式。
如:I saw a bag drop from the bus、→A bag was seen to drop from the bus、Mother made her baby sleep in her arms、→The baby was made to sleep in her mother’s arms、2、跟双宾语的动词的被动语态直接宾语与间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。
如:Mr、Smith gave us a lecture、→We were given a lecture by Mr、Smith、或A lecture was given by Mr、Smith、当句中含有return, write, find, buy等动词时,常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语,同时要注意介词的搭配。
如:I returned him the book、→The book was returned to him、(注意用to)He wrote me a short note、→A short note was written to me、(注意用to)He found me an umbrella、→An umbrella was found for me、(注意用for)I bought her some flowers、→Some flowers were bought for her、(注意用for)3、短语动词的被动语态变成被动语态时,短语动词应当瞧作一个整体,其中的介词或副词不能丢掉。
如:We can’t look down upon anybody、→Anybody can’t be looked down upon、The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm every day、→The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doorkeeper every day、The nurse is taking care of the sick man、→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse、二、被动语态的几种特殊形式1、当break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词有状语修饰时,用主动形式表示被动意义。
英语被动语态
四、被动语态的特殊用法1、不及物动词不用于被动语态。
Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
2、表状态动词不用于被动语态常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, ail, look like等 3、某些动词的进行时可表被动 The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。
The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。
The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。
4、主动形式表被动意义。
1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。
如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。
2）动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。
如：want, deserve, need, require, take, worth 等 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。
3)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。
The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。
The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。
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一、不用被动语态动词：（1）have 有（2）look,sound,smell,taste 等连系动词（3）take place /happen （4）get to/arrive(at/in)/reach 到达（5）rise升起,上升6）ring(铃响)（7）begin/start开始（8）lie躺，说谎※The book sells well.(这本卖得好)※The meat cooks well.（9）return(回来，回归—不用被动，归还—可用被动语态)（10）leave(离开—不用被动语态，留下/遗忘—可用被动语态)二、常用被动语态：（1）be located in (2)be covered with (3)be called （4）be made of(in/from) (5)be made up of (6)be set for （7）be told被高知(tell后没人)(8)be asked to do sth(9)be invited to do sth （10）be dressed up as (11)be cut down (12)be eaten up （13）be knocked over (14)be thrown away (15)be written in （16）be welcomed by (17)be used for doing sth/to do sth三、动词不定式的省to形式的被动语态：（变被动时，要还原to）※make sb do sth—be made to do sth）※see sb do sth/watch sb do sth/hear sb do sth/notice sb do sth四、动词后面跟双宾语：( 人在物前不用介词，物在人前要用介词to或for) –只需将其中的一个宾语（要么人，要么物）变成被动语态的主语注意:make/buy/draw常与for连用 e.g. make sth for sb/buy sth for sb 五、“动词+副词”或“动词+介词“结构在变成被动语态后，介词或副词不能漏掉(1)We must look after our eyes.Our eyes must be looked after by us.(2)How did you deal with the dog?How was the dog dealt with by you?六、谓语动词用主动表被动的情形（1）某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式：That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
（2）表示“需要，值得，应当受到，经受”等意义的动词bear/deserve/need/repay/ require/stand/want + 动名词。
如：This chapter needs rewriting. 这一章需要重写。
Your hair needs/wants cutting. 你需要理发。
This problem requires discussing in detail. 这个问题需要详细讨论。
The naughty boy deserved punishing. 这个淘气的孩子应该受到惩罚。
（3）be worth + 动名词，表示“某事值得做”，含有被动意义。
如:The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。
The question is worth further discussing. 这个问题值得进一步讨论。
It's hardly worth troubling about. 这事几乎不值得操心。
（4）“have/get + 宾语+ 过去分词”结构，意义为“（使宾语)被做成”，称为使役法，表示被动意义。
如：You'd better have that tooth pulled out. 你最好把那颗牙拔掉。
They got a photograph taken together. 他们一起照了张像。
（5）当动词不定式作后置定语时，如果动词不定式与其所修饰的名词在逻辑是动宾关系，即中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语，这时常用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
如：I have a letter to send .(=I have a letter that I'm going to send.) 我有封信要寄。
The next thing to consider(=be considered)was food. 要考虑的下一件事就是食品。
There are many difficulties to overcome. 有许多困难需要克服。
某些习惯用法。
如：1The children were not to blame for the accident. 这些孩子不应因意外事故受到责备。
The room is to rent. 这房子要出租。
(6) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。
(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。
(强调动作执行者)(7) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。
This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。
不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。
(即这句子没有歧义)The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。
(指读的人读得好)另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态：The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。
Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?(8) 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义：When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
七、非谓语动词用主动表被动的八种情形1. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。
Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。
Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?2.有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动表被动：It’s a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。
It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
3.有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等)，其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可：The water is not fit to drink [to be drunk]. 这水不适合饮用。
The letters are ready to post [to be posted]. 这信已准备好可以寄了。
4.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。
(指自己打字)I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。
(指请人打字)25. 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。
He lent me some magazines to read. 他借给我一些杂志看。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式，比较：He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。