HTML5参考手册(英文版)

TABLE A.1 HTML Global Attributes

The following attributes may be used with most HTML elements

Global Attribute Description

accesskey For adding a keyboard shortcut to an element

aria-* For associating accessibility attribute values specified by WAI-ARIA class For identifying a set of elements in order to apply styles to them contenteditable For making the content of an element editable

contextmenu For identifying a contextual menu for an element (the value must be the same as a menu element’s id attribute)

data-* For storing custom data that is private to the page or application

dir For specifying the element’s text direction

draggable For making an element draggable

dropzone For identifying an element as a place where draggable elements can be dropped

event For associating an element with a script (event is a placeholder for the actual event name) hidden For indicating that an element is not yet relevant or is no longer relevant

id For identifying a particular element so that it can be linked to, styled, or scripted with JavaScript lang For specifying the language an element is written in

role For providing additional information to assistive devices about the role of an element as defined by WAI-ARIA

spellcheck For indicating whether the content of an element should have its spelling and grammar checked style For adding local style sheet information

tabindex For defining the order in which the Tab key takes the visitor through elements

title For labeling elements with tool tips

TABLE A.2 HTML Elements and Attributes

Element/Attribute(s) Description

a For creating links and anchors

href For specifying the URL of a page or the name of an anchor that a link goes to

hreflang For specifying the language of the linked resource

media For describing the media for which the target document was defined

rel For identifying the nature of the link

target For specifying the window or iframe where a link should open

type For noting a resource’s MIME type

abbr For explaining the meaning of abbreviations and acronyms

address For identifying contact information for the nearest article or body element ancestor area For specifying the coordinates of image maps

accesskey For adding a keyboard shortcut to a particular region of the map

alt For giving information about an area

coords For giving the coordinates of an area in an image map

href For specifying the destination URL of a link in an area of an image map

hreflang For specifying the language of the linked resource

media For describing the media for which the target document was defined

rel For identifying the kind of link

shape For specifying the shape of an area in an image map

target For specifying the window or iframe where a link should open

article For identifying a self-contained composition in a page that is in principle independently distributable or reusable

aside For identifying a section of a page that consists of content that is tangentially related to the content around it

audio For embedding sound or audio in a page

autoplay For telling the browser to start playing the audio file as soon as it can

controls For telling the browser to provide controls for the audio element

crossorigin For setting cross-origin request credentials

loop For telling the audio file to start over without interruption upon reaching its end mediagroup For associating multiple media files together

muted For controlling the default state of audio output

preload For specifying whether the browser can begin downloading the audio file before the visitor starts playing it

src For identifying the URL of the audio file to play

b For identifying a span of text to which attention is being drawn for utilitarian purposes, without conveying any extra importance and with no implication of an alternate voice or mood

base For specifying the base URL of the page

href For specifying the URL to be used to generate relative URLs target For specifying the default target for the links on the page

bdi For identifying a span of text that is to be isolated from its surroundings for the purposes of bidirectional text formatting

dir For specifying text direction

bdo For explicitly formatting the text direction of its content dir For specifying text direction

blockquote For identifying a section quoted from another source

cite For giving the URL of the source

body For enclosing the main content area of a page

br For creating a line break

button For creating buttons

autofocus For specifying that the button is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current state

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

formaction Fo r overriding the form’s action attribute

formenctype For overriding the form’s enctype attribute

formmethod For overriding the form’s method attribute

formnovalidate For overriding the form’s novalidate attribute

formtarget For overriding the form’s target attribute

name For identifying the data sent with a button, or for identifying the button itself (perhaps for a JavaScript function)

type For using the button in a form element

value For specifying the data that should be submitted when the button is clicked

canvas To provide scripts with a resolution-dependent bitmap canvas for rendering graphics on the fly

width, height For specifying the size of the canvas

caption For creating a caption for a table

cite For marking text as a citation

code For marking text as computer code

col For joining columns in a table into a non-structural group

span For specifying the number of columns in a column group

colgroup For joining columns in a table into a structural column group

span For specifying the number of columns in a column group

command For representing a command the user can invoke, such as defining a keyboard command checked For indicating the checked s tate of the command (if the command type is “checkbox” or “radio”) disabled For indicating that the command is not available in the current state

icon For providing an image that represents the command

label For showing the name of the command to the user

radiogroup For identifying the radio buttons that will be toggled when the command is toggled (if the command type is “radio”)

type For indicating the type of command

datalist To contain a group of option elements that represent a predefined set of options for another form control

dd For marking a definition in a list

details For creating a disclosure widget from which the visitor can obtain additional information or controls open For specifying whether the element is open or closed by default

del To mark deleted text

cite For referencing a URL that explains the change

datetime For specifying the time and date of the change

dfn For specifying the defining instance of a term

title For providing the definition of the term

div For dividing a page into block-level sections

dl For creating a definition list

dt For marking a term to be defined in a list

em To mark text that has stress emphasis

embed For adding multimedia

src For specifying the URL of a multimedia file

type For identifying the MIME type of the multimedia file

width, height For specifying the size of the embedded multimedia player

fieldset For grouping a set of form elements together

disabled For disabling all form controls within the fieldset

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

name For providing the fieldset with a name for use later

figcaption For identifying a caption or legend for the contents of its parent figure element

figure For identifying content that is referenced within the main flow of the document but that could be moved elsewhere without affecting the flow of the document

footer For identifying a footer for the nearest ancestor body,section, article, or aside element form For designating a form to collect data for submission

accept-charset For identifying the character encoding to be used with the form submission (defaults to the page’s character set)

action For giving the URL of the script that will process the form data

autocomplete For preventing the browser from providing/remembering autocompletion values when the attribute is set to “off” (the default is “on”; that is, autocompletion is allowed by default)

enctype For making sure files are sent to the server in the proper format method For specifying how data should be sent to the server

name For providing the form with a name for use later

novalidate For allowing the form to be submitted without validation

target For identifying the target window or iframe of the form’s s ubmission h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6For creating headings

head For creating the head section, which contains information about the page, including the title, author, keywords, style sheets, and scripts

header For identifying a group of introductory content or navigational aids

hgroup For identifying the heading of a section when a heading has multiple levels

hr For identifying a paragraph-level thematic break

html For identifying a text document as an HTML document

manifest For specifying an application cache manifest that is used when the page is offline

i For marking a span of text that is in an alternate voice or mood or that is otherwise offset from the normal prose in a manner indicating a different quality of text

iframe For creating a nested browsing context

name For specifying the name of the iframe, to be used as a target

sandbox For specifying additional restrictions on the content of the iframe, for security purposes seamless For specifying whether the iframe should appear to be part of the containing page src For specifying the URL of the initial page

srcdoc For specifying the URL of the initial page

width, height For specifying the size of the iframe

img For inserting images on a page

alt For offering alternate text that is displayed if the image is not and that is for users of assistive devices

crossorigin For allowing images from third-party sites (that allow cross-origin access) to be used with the canvas element

ismap For indicating that the element provides access to a server-side image map (the element must be a descendant of an a element)

src For specifying the URL of an image

usemap For specifying the client-side image map that should be used with the referenced image width, height For specifying the size of an image so that the page is loaded more quickly, or for scaling input For creating form elements

accept For informing the browser what file types will be accepted if the input type is “file”

alt For providing a textual alternate if the input type is “image”

autocomplete For preventing the browser from providing/remembering autocompletion values when the attribute is set to “off” (the default is “on”; that is, autocompletion is allowed by default)

autofocus For specifying that the input is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded

checked For marking a radio button or checkbox by default

dirname For identifying the direction of the entered text

disabled For indicating that the input is not available in the current state

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

formaction For overriding the form’s action attribute

formenctype For overriding the form’s enctype attribute

formmethod For overriding the form’s method attribute

formnovalidate For overriding the form’s novalidate attribute

formtarget For overriding the form’s target attribute

list For associating the input with a datalist

max, min For indicating the input element’s allowed range of values

maxlength For specifying the maximum number of characters that can be entered in an input element multiple For specifying whether the user can be allowed to enter more than one value

name For identifying data collected by an element

pattern For providing a reg ular expression against which the input element’s value is checked placeholder For providing a hint to aid in data entry

readonly For keeping visitors from changing certain form elements

required For identifying that the element must not be blank to submit the form (not allowed when the input type is “hidden,” “image,” or some button types)

size For specifying the length of a text or password box

src For specifying the URL of an active image

step For controlling the granularity and specificity of allowed values

type For specifying if a form element is a text box, password box, radio button, checkbox, hidden field, submit button, reset button, active image, date/time box, number box, or color box; for selecting from a range of values; or for entering a telephone number, email address, or set of search terms

value For specifying the default data in a form element

width, height For specifying the dimensions of the input (only allowed when the input type is “image”) ins For marking an addition to the document

cite For referencing a URL that explains the change

datetime For specifying the time and date of the change

kbd For marking user input

keygen For generating a public and private key pair

autofocus For specifying that the keygen element is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded challenge For generating a challenge to go along with the key pair

disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current state

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

keytype For identifying the kind of key pair to be generated

name For identifying the data that is gathered

label For labeling form elements

for For specifying which form element the label belongs to

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

legend For labeling fieldsets

li For creating a list item

value For determining the initial value of the list item (if it is the child of an ol)

link For linking to an external style sheet or other external resource

href For specifying the URL of the resource

hreflang For specifying the language of the linked resource

media For defining a style sheet’s targeted media types and/or media features

rel For identifying the kind of link

sizes For identifying the size of the referenced icon (for use only when the rel attribute is “icon”) title For labeling an alternate style sheet or other resource

type For noting a resource’s MIME type (only required if the link type is not “text/css”)

map For creating a client-side image map

name For naming a map so it can be referenced later

mark For highlighting text for reference purposes due to its relevance in another context

math For embedding MathML in the page

menu For containing a list of commands

label For labeling the menu

type For identifying the kind of menu being used: “context,” “list” (default), or “toolbar”meta For associating various kinds of metadata with the page

charset For identifying the character encoding of the page itself

content For adding extra information about the page itself

http-equiv For creating automatic jumps to other pages, setting the default scripting language, and declaring the character encoding

name For identifying extra information about the page

meter For representing a measurement within a known range

high, low For sp ecifying a range of values as being “high” or “low”

max, min For identifying the maximum and minimum allowable values

name For identifying the data that is gathered

optimum For identifying the optimum value

value For indicating the current value of the meter (required)

nav For identifying a section of a page that links to other pages or to parts within the page noscript For providing alternatives to scripts

object For embedding objects in Web pages

data For identifying the source of the multimedia file to be embedded

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

name For identifying the object (e.g., so it can be scripted)

type For noting the object’s MIME type

typemustmatch For indicating that the resource specified in the object’s data attribute must have the same MIME type as identified in the object’s type attribute (allowed only if the object’s data and type are both specified)

usemap For indicating whether the object has an associated image map width, height For specifying the dimensions of the object’s box

ol For creating ordered lists

reversed For specifying whether the list is descending (. . . , 3, 2, 1)

start For specifying the initial value of the first list item

type For specifying the kind of numerals that should begin each list item

optgroup For grouping a set of option elements under a common label within a select element disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current state

label For labeling the group of options

option For creating the individual options in a select or datalist element disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current state

label For specifying how the option should appear in the menu

selected For making a menu option be selected by default in a blank form

value For specifying the initial value of a menu option

output For representing the result of a calculation

for For creating an explicit association between the result of a calculation and the values that went into the calculation

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of name For identifying the data that is gathered

p For creating a paragraph

param For setting properties of an object

name For identifying the kind of property

value For setting the value of the named property

pre For representing a block of preformatted text

progress For identifying the completion progress of a task max Must be a valid floating-point number greater than zero (if present)

value Must be a valid floating-point number equal to or greater than zero (and less than or equal to the value of the max attribute, if it is present)

q For quoting short passages from another source cite For giving the URL of the source of the quote

rp For providing parentheses around a ruby text component of a ruby annotation in browsers that don’t support ruby annotations

rt For marking the ruby text component of a ruby text annotation

ruby For allowing text to be marked up with ruby annotations

s For identifying text that is no longer accurate or no longer relevant samp For representing sample output from a program or computing system script For adding “automatic” scripts to a page

async For influencing script loading and execution

charset For specifying the character set an external script is written in

defer For influencing script loading and execution

src For referencing an external script

type For specifying the scripting language the script is written in (only required if the script type is not “text/javascript”)

section For identifying a section of a document

select For creating form control for selecting from a set of options

autofocus For specifying that the select element is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current state

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

multiple For allowing users to choose more than one option in the menu

name For identifying the data collected by the menu

required For identifying that the user must select one of the options in order to submit the form (the first child option element must be a placeholder or an empty value)

size For specifying the number of items initially visible in the menu (and for displaying the menu as a list)

small For representing side comments such as small print

source For identifying multiple alternative media resources within an audio or video element crossorigin For setting cross-origin request credentials

media For identifying the intended media type of the resource

src For identifying the URL of the audio or video file to play

type For noting a resource’s MIME type

span For wrapping content in an element that has no intrinsic semantic meaning

strong For indicating strong importance of the element’s content

style For embedding style information in a page

media For indicating a style sheet’s purpose

scoped For applying styles only to the descendants of the element’s parent

type For indicating a style sheet’s MIME type (only required if the style type is not “text/css”) sub For creating subscripts

summary For identifying a summary, caption, or legend for the contents of its parent details element sup For creating superscripts

svg For embedding Scalable Vector Graphics in the page

table For creating tables

tbody For identifying the body of the table; in contrast with the header (thead) or footer (tfoot) td, th For creating regular and header cells, respectively, in a table

colspan For spanning a cell across more than one column

rowspan For spanning a cell across more than one row

scope For identifying to which rows, columns, rowgroups, or columngroups a th applies textarea For creating text block entry areas in a form

autofocus For specifying that the text area is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded

dirname For identifying the direction of the entered text

disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current state

form For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of

maxlength For specifying the maximum number of characters that can be entered in a textarea name For identifying the data that is gathered with the text block

placeholder For providing a hint to aid in data entry

readonly For protecting a text area’s contents

required For indicating that the element must not be blank in order to submit the form

rows, cols For specifying the number of rows and columns in the text block

wrap For specifying the use of soft or hard wraps when content of field is submitted

tfoot, thead For identifying the footer and header area of a table

time For specifying a date, a time, or both

datetime For providing a machine-readable version of the time or date expressed in the element’s text pubdate For specifying the publication date and time of the element’s ancestor article or body element title For creating the title of the page (required)

tr For creating rows in a table

track For specifying external timed text tracks for the parent audio or video element default For indicating which track is the default

kind For identifying whether the track is “subtitles,” “captions,” “descriptions,” “chapters,” or “metadata”

label For providing a user-readable name for the track src For identifying the URL of the track’s data srclang For identifying the language of the track’s data

u For displaying a span of text with an unarticulated, though explicitly rendered, non-textual annotation

ul For creating unordered lists

var For marking text as a variable name

video For embedding videos, movies, and captioned audio files

autoplay For telling the browser to start playing the video file as soon as it can

controls For telling the browser to provide controls for the video element

crossorigin For setting cross-origin request credentials

loop For telling the video file to start over without interruption upon reaching its end mediagroup For associating multiple media files together

muted For controlling the default state of audio output

poster For specifying the URL of an image to use as a placeholder while media loads, or in case of an error loading

preload For specifying whether the browser can begin downloading the media file before the visitor starts playing it

src For identifying the URL of the video file to play width, height For specifying the dimensions of the video wbr