定语从句that的省略.

定语从句

1. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别

a) 非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，朗读时先行词部分一般用降调并稍做停顿，书写的时候多半用逗号分开。

b) 非限定性定语从句能够修饰整个句子，限定性定语从句则不能。

c) 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的含义不一样，限定性定语从句是确指，而非限定性定语从句是泛指。

d) 先行词为专有名词或者具有特指对象的名词时，一般要用到非限制性定语从句。

e) 在非限定性定语从句中，现行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who,whom，不能用that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which,不能用that。

2. 各种关系代词的使用方法

a) 关系代词who的用法

i. who 的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom:

（介词+whom）

This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.

She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party.（可以替代）

She is the girl whom (who) I went there with.（可以替代）

She is the girl with whom I went there.（不可替代）

ii. who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:

1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who.

One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.

The ones who flatter me don’t please me.

Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.

Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.

2. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词

Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes

made of the magic cloth.

Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

3. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候

I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in

Chinese.

4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.

The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.

5. 在there be 开头的句子中

There is an old man who wants to see you.

There are many young men who are against him.

b) 关系代词whose的用法

whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于of which.

I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.

I’ll call a person whose father knows you.

Which is the car whose owner you know? (Which is the car the owner of which

you know)

Please show me the book whose cover is red. (Please show me the book the

cover of which is red)

c) 关系代词that的用法

首先特别注意，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that, 另外介词后边也不可用that, 而是跟which.

在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物的时候，一般可以通用。

The money that (which) is in the wallet is mine.

有些情况下，只宜用that,而不宜用which

i. 先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候

This is the best that has been used against pollution.

English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these

years.

ii. 先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词的时候

He is the last person (that) I want to see.

It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.

iii. 主句已有疑问词who或者which的时候

Which is the bike that you lost?

Who is the woman that was praixed at the meeting?

iv. 先行词既有人又有物，宜用that

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police

station.

v. 先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing,

none, the one等不定代词时

You should hand in all that you have.

We haven’t got mu ch that we can offer you.

I mean the one that you talked about just now.

vi. 先行词前面Only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very 等

词修饰的时候

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.

Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.

vii. 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另外一个宜用that.

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen

before.