SAT 真题(清晰无水印)2010.05 解析
2010年高考真题解析版——2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科数学(必修+选修) 解析版本试卷分第I 卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第I 卷1至2页。
第Ⅱ卷3 至4页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I 卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。
3．第I 卷共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
参考公式：如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么 球的表面积公式()()()P A B P A P B +=+ 24S R π=如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么 其中R 表示球的半径 ()()()P A B P A P B =g g 球的体积公式 如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是p ，那么 334V R π=n 次独立重复试验中事件A 恰好发生k 次的概率 其中R 表示球的半径()(1)(0,1,2,)k kn k n n P k C p p k n -=-=…一、选择题 (1)cos300︒=(A)2-12 (C)12(D) 2 1.C 【命题意图】本小题主要考查诱导公式、特殊三角函数值等三角函数知识 【解析】()1cos300cos 36060cos602︒=︒-︒=︒=(2)设全集{}1,2,3,4,5U =，集合{}1,4M =，{}1,3,5N =，则()U N M ⋂=ð A.{}1,3 B. {}1,5 C. {}3,5 D. {}4,52.C 【命题意图】本小题主要考查集合的概念、集合运算等集合有关知识【解析】{}2,3,5U M =ð，{}1,3,5N =，则()U N M ⋂=ð{}1,3,5{}2,3,5⋂={}3,5(3)若变量,x y 满足约束条件1,0,20,y x y x y ≤⎧⎪+≥⎨⎪--≤⎩则2z x y =-的最大值为(A)4 (B)3 (C)2 (D)13.B 【命题意图】本小题主要考查线性规划知识、作图、识图能力及计算能力. 【解析】画出可行域（如右图），11222z x y y x z =-⇒=-，由图可知,当直线l 经过点A(1,-1)时，z 最大，且最大值为max 12(1)3z =-⨯-=.（4）已知各项均为正数的等比数列{n a }，123a a a =5，789a a a =10，则456a a a =(A) 4.A 【命题意图】本小题主要考查等比数列的性质、指数幂的运算、根式与指数式的互化等知识，着重考查了转化与化归的数学思想.【解析】由等比数列的性质知31231322()5a a a a a a a ===g ，x +20y -=37897988()a a a a a a a ===g 10,所以132850a a =,所以133364564655()(50)a a a a a a a =====g(5)43(1)(1x --的展开式 2x 的系数是(A)-6 (B)-3 (C)0 (D)35.A. 【命题意图】本小题主要考查了考生对二项式定理的掌握情况，尤其是展开式的通项公式的灵活应用，以及能否区分展开式中项的系数与其二项式系数，同时也考查了考生的一些基本运算能力.【解析】()134323422(1)(11464133x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫-=-+---+- ⎪⎝⎭2x 的系数是 -12+6=-6(6)直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，若90BAC ∠=︒，1AB AC AA ==，则异面直线1BA 与1AC 所成的角等于(A)30° (B)45°(C)60° (D)90°6.C 【命题意图】本小题主要考查直三棱柱111ABC A B C -的性质、异面直线所成的角、异面直线所成的角的求法.【解析】延长CA 到D ，使得AD AC =，则11ADAC 为平行四边形，1DA B ∠就是异面直线1BA 与1AC 所成的角，又三角形1A DB 为等边三角形，0160DA B ∴∠=(7)已知函数()|lg |f x x =.若a b ≠且，()()f a f b =，则a b +的取值范围是 (A)(1,)+∞ (B)[1,)+∞(C) (2,)+∞ (D) [2,)+∞7.C 【命题意图】本小题主要考查对数函数的性质、函数的单调性、函数的值域，考生在做本小题时极易忽视a 的取值范围，而利用均值不等式求得a+b=12a a+≥,从而错选D,这也是命题者的用苦良心之处.【解析1】因为 f(a)=f(b),所以|lga|=|lgb|,所以a=b(舍去)，或1b a =，所以a+b=1a a+ 又0<a<b,所以0<a<1<b ，令()f a a=1a +由“对勾”函数的性质知函数()f a 在a ∈(0,1)上为减函数，所以f(a)>f(1)=1+1=2,即a+b 的取值范围是(2,+∞).AB C DA 1B 1C 1D 1O【解析2】由0<a<b,且f (a )=f (b )得：0111a b ab <<⎧⎪<⎨⎪=⎩，利用线性规划得：0111x y xy <<⎧⎪<⎨⎪=⎩，化为求z x y =+的取值范围问题，z x y y x z =+⇒=-+，2111y y x x'=⇒=-<-⇒过点()1,1时z 最小为2,∴(C) (2,)+∞（8）已知1F 、2F 为双曲线C:221x y -=的左、右焦点，点P 在C 上，∠1F P 2F =060，则12||||PF PF =g(A)2 (B)4 (C) 6 (D) 88.B 【命题意图】本小题主要考查双曲线定义、几何性质、余弦定理，考查转化的数学思想，通过本题可以有效地考查考生的综合运用能力及运算能力. 【解析1】.由余弦定理得cos ∠1F P 2F =222121212||||||2||||PF PF F F PF PF +-()(22221212121212122221cos60222PF PF PF PF PF PF F F PF PF PF PF +--+-⇒=⇒=12||||PF PF =g 4【解析2】由焦点三角形面积公式得：1202201216011cot 1cot sin 602222F PF S b PF PF PF PF θ∆=====12||||PF PF =g 4（9）正方体ABCD -1111A B CD 中，1BB 与平面1ACD 所成角的余弦值为（A ）3 （B ）3 （C ）23（D ）39.D 【命题意图】本小题主要考查正方体的性质、直线与平面所成的角、点到平面的距离的求法，利用等体积转化求出D 到平面AC 1D 的距离是解决本题的关键所在,这也是转化思想的具体体现.【解析1】因为BB 1//DD 1,所以B 1B 与平面AC 1D 所成角和DD 1与平面AC 1D 所成角相等,设DO ⊥平面AC 1D ，由等体积法得11D ACD D ACD V V --=,即111133ACD ACD S DO S DD ∆∆⋅=⋅.设DD 1=a,则122111sin 60)2222ACD S AC AD a ∆==⨯⨯=o g ,21122ACD S AD CD a ∆==g . 所以1313ACD ACD S DD DO a S ∆∆===g ,记DD 1与平面AC 1D 所成角为θ,则1sin DO DD θ==,所以cos θ=. 【解析2】设上下底面的中心分别为1,O O ；1O O 与平面AC 1D 所成角就是B 1B 与平面AC 1D所成角，1111cos O O O OD OD ∠===（10）设123log 2,ln 2,5a b c -===则（A ）a b c <<（B ）b c a << (C) c a b << (D) c b a <<10.C 【命题意图】本小题以指数、对数为载体，主要考查指数函数与对数函数的性质、实数大小的比较、换底公式、不等式中的倒数法则的应用. 【解析1】 a=3log 2=21log 3, b=In2=21log e,而22log 3log 1e >>,所以a<b, c=125-222log 4log 3>=>,所以c<a,综上c<a<b. 【解析2】a =3log 2=321log ,b =ln2=21log e , 3221log log 2e <<< ，32211112log log e<<<； c=12152-=<=，∴c<a<b（11）已知圆O 的半径为1，PA 、PB 为该圆的两条切线，A 、B 为两切点，那么PA PB •u u u v u u u v的最小值为(A) 4-+3-(C) 4-+3-+11.D 【命题意图】本小题主要考查向量的数量积运算与圆的切线长定理，着重考查最值的求法——判别式法,同时也考查了考生综合运用数学知识解题的能力及运算能力. 【解析1】如图所示：设PA=PB=x (0)x >,∠APO=α,则∠APB=2α，，sin α=||||cos 2PA PB PA PB α•=⋅u u u v u u u v u u u v u u u v=22(12sin )x α-=222(1)1x x x -+=4221x x x -+，令PA PB y •=u u u v u u u v ，则4221x x y x -=+，即42(1)0x y x y -+-=，由2x 是实数，所以2[(1)]41()0y y ∆=-+-⨯⨯-≥，2610y y ++≥，解得3y ≤--或3y ≥-+.故min ()3PA PB •=-+u u u v u u u v此时x =【解析2】设,0APB θθπ∠=<<，()()2cos 1/tan cos 2PA PB PA PB θθθ⎛⎫•== ⎪⎝⎭u u u v u u u v 2222221sin 12sin cos 22212sin 2sin sin22θθθθθθ⎛⎫⎛⎫-- ⎪⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭⎝⎭=⋅-= ⎪⎝⎭换元：2sin ,012x x θ=<≤，()()1121233x x PA PB x x x--•==+-≥u u u v u u u v 【解析3】建系：园的方程为221x y +=，设11110(,),(,),(,0)A x y B x y P x -，()()2211101110110,,001AO PA x y x x y x x x y x x ⊥⇒⋅-=⇒-+=⇒=()222222221100110110221233PA PB x x x x y x x x x x •=-+-=-+--=+-≥u u u v u u u v（12）已知在半径为2的球面上有A 、B 、C 、D 四点，若AB=CD=2,则四面体ABCD 的体积的最大值为(C)()()22210110111001,,2PA PB x x y x x y x x x x y •=-⋅--=-+-u u u v u u u v12.B 【命题意图】本小题主要考查几何体的体积的计算、球的性质、异面直线的距离,通过球这个载体考查考生的空间想象能力及推理运算能力.【解析】过CD 作平面PCD ，使AB ⊥平面PCD,交AB 与P,设点P 到CD 的距离为h ,则有ABCD 11222323V h h =⨯⨯⨯⨯=四面体,当直径通过AB 与CD 的中点时,max h =故max 3V =.第Ⅱ卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先在答题卡上用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考 证号填写清楚，然后贴好条形码。
(完整word版)2010年全国高考英语试题及答案解析-全国1,推荐文档
绝密★启用前2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。
第一卷1至l4页。
第二卷15至16页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷注意事项：1. 答题前．考生在答题卡上务必用直径0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题l 5分，满分7．5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有l0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A￡19.15 8￡9.15 C￡9.18答案是B。
1 What will Dorothy do on the weekend?A Go out with her friendB Work on her paperC Make some plans2. What was the normal price of the T-shirt?A.$15B.$30.C.$50.3 What has the woman decided to do On Sunday afternoon?A To attend a weddingB To visit an exhibitionC To meet a friend4 When does the bank close on Saturday?A At l：00 pmB At 3：00 pmC At 4：00 pm5 Where are the speakers?A In a storeB In a classroomC At a hotel第二节(共15小题;每小题1 5分，满分22 .5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
SAT 1005
Prompt 1Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.Assignment :Do small decisions often have major consequences? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations. Prompt 2 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and theAssignment : Is talking the most effective and satisfying way of communicating with others? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.Prompt 3 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and theAssignment :Should the government be responsible for making sure that people lead healthy lives? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.Prompt 4Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.Assignment:Do people succeed by emphasizing their differences from other people? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.Section 21.Unsuccessful in her first campaigns, Barbara Jordan -----, eventually becoming the first Black woman elected to the Texas State Senate.A. persistedB. gloatedC. retiredD. despairedE. hesitated2. Some scientists speculate that children who wash frequently are more likely to become asthmatic than those who wash infrequently: that -----, not the lack of it, is the problem.A. pollutionB. negligenceC. nutritionD. misbehaviorE. cleanliness3. Newspaper advertisers feel their messages are more believable and ----- when they are printed next to news report: hence, advertising charges are higher for such -----.A. dominant…investigationB. irrelevant…proximityC. precise…deliveryD. persuasive…positioningE. vague…thoroughness4. Despite accusations to the contrary, it is unlikely that he intended to ----- the articles, since he cited them in his bibliography.A. analyzeB. illuminateC. plagiarizeD. acknowledgeE. contradict5. Ralph Ellison learned the hard way about the ----- of a written manuscript: he suffered the ----- of the only draft of a work in progress in a household fire.A. magnitude…isolationB. fragility…preservationC. illegibility…eradicationD. vulnerability…destructionE. proliferation…division6. The new human resources director is both ----- and ----- about being able to improve employment opportunities for women at the executive level: she has great resolve but harbor no illusions.A. practical…deceptiveB. cynical…irrationalC. excited…approachableD. uncooperative…naïveE. determined…realistic7. Years of neglect had left the inside of the building in ----- condition: workstations were filthy and furnishings were dilapidated.A. a squalidB. a volatileC. an undauntedD. a rudimentaryE. a cataclysmic8. The Wild Parrot of Telegraph Hill is only ----- about birds; despite its title, the documentary actually examines human relationships.A. ostensiblyB. distinctivelyC. intelligiblyD. salientlyE. incontrovertiblyQuestions 9-10 are based on the following passage.At a preconcert interview in 2000 for the performanceof one of her works in London, Rhian Samuel was askedabout her well-known reluctance to be considered a Welshcomposer. Her reply --- “I’m not so happy to be called only5 a Welsh composer because I haven’ t lived in Wales all mylife and have another influences as well. On the other hand, I[have] been a wo man all my life!” --- brought both laughterand applause from the expectant crowd of concertgoers.In short, Samuel is proud to be considered first a woman10composer, one whose connection to the Welsh languageand people resurfaces at interludes throughout her musicallife.9. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. discuss a composer’s musical trainingB. clarify a musician’s self-perceptionC. describe an artist’s linguistic talentsD. reveal the preferences of a particular audienceE. reconcile two antithetical views of a performance10. Her “reply” in lines 2-3 suggests chiefly that Samuel believes which of the following?A. He nationality is not the most important aspect of her identity.B. She could not have become a successful composer if she had remained in Wales for her whole life.C. One of the obligations of a musician is to relate a humorous anecdote before each performance.D. Other people should not refer to themselves as Welsh unless they have always lived in Wales.E. Men should acknowledge the importance of their gender as an artistic influence just as women do.Questions 11-12 are based on the following passage.My daughter, Olivia, and I were going to college.Not together at the same school, thank goodness, justat the same time, but she didn’t exactly know about myplans yet. There were a few things that needed work in5 this arrangement. Any mother who has an eighteen-year-old daughter would completely understand why I d idn’tmention my decision to go to college to Olivia.What? I can’t believe it. Are you actually copyingme? Don’ t you think you should consider getting your10own life? It wasn’t that I planned never to tell her. I justfigured I’d wait a bit --- until we’d had a little time to misseach other.11. The narrator’s attitude toward her situation is best described asA. perplexedB. prudentC. sentimentalD. annoyedE. derisive12. The narrator uses the questions in lines 8-10 primarily toA. voice some pressing concernsB. admit to some personal qualmsC. characterize a likely responseD. highlight an unpleasant memoryE. begin a discussionQuestions 13-24 are based on the following passages.These passages discuss string theory, the as-yet-unproven idea that all matter in the universe is made up of “strings” so small that they have not been detected by instruments. The passages were adapted from books published in 2000 and 2006, respectively.Passage 1String theory is a work in progress whose partialcompletion has already revealed remarkably elegantanswers to questions about nature’s most fundamentalconstituents and forces. For instance, in string theory many5 aspects of nature that might appear to be arbitrary technicaldetails --- such as the number of distinct varieties of particleingredients and their properties --- are found to arise fromtangible aspects of the geometry of the universe.In the final analysis, though, nothing is a substitute for10 definitive, testable predictions that can determine whetherstring theory has truly lifted the veil of mystery hiding thedeepest truths of our universe. It may be some time beforeour level of comprehension has reached sufficient depth toachieve this aim. In fact, the mathematics of string theory15 is so complicated that, to date, no one even knows the exactequations of the theory. Nevertheless, experimental testscould provide strong circumstantial support for stringtheory within the next ten years or so.One of the pioneers of string theory summarizes the20 situation by saying that “string theory is a part of twenty-first-century physics that fell by change into the twentiethcentury.” It is as if our forebears in the nineteenth centuryhad been presented with a modern-day supercomputer,without the operating instructions. Through inventive trial25 and error, hints of the supercomputer’s power would havebecome evident, but it would have taken vigorous andprolonged effort to gain true mastery. The hints of thecomputer’s potential, like our glimpses of string theory’sexplanatory power, would have provided strong motivation30 for obtaining complete facility. A similar motivation todayenergizes physicists to pursue string theory.Science proceeds in fits and starts. Scientists putforward results, both theoretical and experimental. Theresults are then debated by the community; sometimes they35 are discarded, sometimes they are modified, and sometimesthey provide inspiration for new and more accurate waysof understanding the universe. In other words, scienceproceeds along a zigzag path toward what we hope will beultimate truth, a path tha t began with humanity’s earliest40 attempts to fathom the cosmos and whose end we cannotpredict. Whether string theory is an incidental rest stopalong this path, a landmark turning point, or the final destination we do not know. But the last two decadesof research by hundreds of dedicated physicists and45 mathematicians has given us well-founded hope thatwe are on the right and possibly final track.Passage 2No matter how things turn out, the story of string theory is an episode with no parallel in the history of modern physics. More than twenty years of research by thousands50 of the world’s best scientists producing tens of thousandsof scientific papers has not led to a single testable experimental prediction of the theory. This unprecedented situation leads one to ask whether one can really describe string theory as science.55 H uman beings engage in many different attempts toexplain the world around them, but only a specific sort of explanation is normally considered to be scientific. An explanation that allows one to predict successfully indetail what will happen when one goes out and performs60 a feasible experiment is the sort of explanation that most clearly can be labeled “scientific”. Explanations that cannotbe used to form predictions clearly do not deserve this label.Remarkably, the lack of any progress in achieving a65 predictive version of string theory that could be tested by experiment has not led to theorist’s giving it up. Indeed, in recent years, many string theorists have become convinced that string theory inherently must allow an astronomically large number of physical possibilities, so many that it is70 difficult to see how the theory can ever be tested. Yet some theorists are convinced that a better understanding of the theory will uncover testable phenomena. This way of thinking is a steadfast refusal to acknowledge the lessonthat conventional science says one should draw in this kind75 of c ircumstance: if one’s theory can’ t predict anything, one should try something else.The phrase “not even wrong” is popular among physicists. A theory can be “not even wrong” becauseit is so incomplete and ill-defined that it can’ t be used to80 make predictions whose failure would show it to be wrong. This sort of “not even wrong” is not necessarily a badthing. Most new theoretical ideas begin in this state, and itcan take quite a bit of work before their implications arewell enough understood for researchers to be able to tell85 whether the idea is right or wrong. But there is a secondconnotation of “not even wrong”: something worse thana wrong idea. In the case of string theory, the way somephysicists are abandoning fundamental scientific principlesrather than admit that a theory is wrong is something of this90 kind: worse than being wrong is refusing to admit whenone is wrong.13. Which best describes the relationship between the two passages?A. Passage 1 provides concrete evidence in support of a hypothesis attacked in Passage 2.B. Passage 1 advocates a theoretical approach that is only reluctantly endorsed by Passage 2.C. Passage 1 praises the achievements of a scientific researcher who is denounced in Passage 2.D. Passage 1 offers a largely positive assessment of a theory that is criticized in Passage 2.E. Passage 1 offers a detailed description of a methodology that is praised in Passage2.14. The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the claim in lines 5-6 in Passage 1 (“In the…universe”) withA. complete agreementB. amused tolerationC. deliberate neutralityD. open skepticismE. total opposition15. The author of Passage 2 would most likely argue that the prediction made in lined 8-9 in Passag e 1 (“Nevertheless…or so”) isA. unlikely to come to passB. based on relevant dataC. a patently obvious claimD. a somewhat plausible outcomeE. an unnecessarily pessimistic assessment16. In the analogy of the supercomputer (line11-15), modern physicists resemble the “forebears” in that bothA. have an obligation to acknowledge their own limitationsB. lack the knowledge to take full advantage of a toolC. fail to recognize to take full advantage of a toolD. must learn to use computers to do their work more effectivelyE. should seek instruction to understand a phenomenon more fully17. In line 32, “fits” most nearly meansA. violent attacksB. unprovoked tantrumsC. emotional reactionsD. unexpected whimsE. sudden bursts18. The characterization of the “path” (line 20) suggests that scienceA. results from purely chance eventsB. is driven by an unforeseen and mysterious purposeC. progresses in an orderly mannerD. is inaccessible to those without proper trainingE. advances in indirect and sometimes unexpected ways19. The author of Passage 2 would most likely advise the “physicists and mathematicians” referred to in lines 23, Passage 1, toA. redouble their current effortsB. collaborate more with one anotherC. find new avenues for researchD. pursue a more interdisciplinary approachE. seek to replicate their experimental findings20. The primary contrast in lines 24-26 (“No matter…theory”) is between theA. size of a project and its importanceB. purpose of an undertaking and its resultC. history of an enterprise and its futureD. scope of an endeavor and its outcomeE. randomness of an approach and its findings21. Passage 1 suggests that its author would most likely argue that the “unprecedented situation” (lines 26, Passage 2) isA. proof of the arbitrary nature of theoretical physicsB. evidence of the lack of consensus among physicistsC. a sign of the challenges involved with working with supercomputersD. a testament to the difficulty of directly observing subatomic phenomenaE. a consequence of the highly complex mathematics underlying string theory22. The second paragraph in Passage 2 (line 28-31) primarily serves toA. analyze the steps required by a processB. assess the practicality of achieving an objectiveC. articulate the criteria required to meet a standardD. characterize the qualifications of practitionersE. describe the significant advancements of a discipline23. In line37, “draw” most nearly meansA. sketchB. leadC. attractD. inferE. provoke24. Both authors would agree with which statement about string theory?A. Through its development, important technological advances have taken place.B. In its current state, the explanations it provides are ultimately incomplete.C. It is unlikely that it will ever provide an encompassing explanation.D. It is beginning to be challenged by the majority of scientists.E. It represents our best chance of understanding subatomic phenomena. Section 51. Heckling during a political rally is so ----- that it surprises no one; the same behavior, however, is ----- when it is exhibited at a scientific conference.A. rare…shatteringB. commonplace…startlingC. revolting…unnervingD. trivial…meaninglessE. comical…bearable2. Steve was ----- by the intricacy of the ice crystals forming on his windowpane: he couldn’t take his eyes off them.A. edifiedB. troubledC. enervatedD. emboldenedE. captivated3. The experiment did not yield the decisive ----- that the scientist had hoped for; instead, the findings were only of ----- significance.A. outcome…nominalB. results…influentialC. conclusion…distinctD. sources…astronomicalE. risks…questio nable4. NASA engineer Gloria Yamauchi uses ----- approach to research, in that it draws on physics, aerodynamics, mathematics, and other fields.A. a self-evidentB. an interdisciplinaryC. a simplisticD. an economicalE. an impractical5. Less confident employees tend to be ----- about asking for a pay increase, preferring to wait for their supervisors to raise the issue.A. volubleB. presumptuousC. reticentD. penitentE. tenaciousQuestions 6-9 are based on the following passages.Passage 1Liars may betray themselves through linguisticmistakes, but the main sources of betrayal are the emotions.Emotion reveals itself, sometimes in contradictory ways,in the voice, body, and face. Deceptions typically involve5 trying to conceal feelings that are inappropriate or trying tocover up the fear, guilt, and distress that may be provokedwhen one attempts to get away with a lie. When a personlies and has emotional investment in the situation, aperfect performance is hard to carry off. Nonverbal clues10 to deception leak out. What is surprising is that few peoplemake use of these clues and thus liars go undetected.Passage 2Human beings are terrible lie detectors. In studies,subjects asked to distinguish truth from lies answercorrectly approximately half the time. People are often15 led astray by an erroneous sense of how a liar behaves.“People hold a stereotype of the liar – as tormented,anxious, and conscience-stricken,” researchers BellaDePaulo and Charles Bond write. Clumsy deceiversare sometimes visibly agitated, but in general there is no20 such things as “typical” deceptive behavior. As DePaulosays, “To be a good liar, you don’t need to know whatbehaviors really separate liars from truthtellers, butwhat behaviors people think separate them.”6. Which best describes the relationship between the passages?A. Passage 1 discusses lying from a moral stance, whereas Passage 2 examines it from a legal viewpoint.B. Passage 1 views lying as a skill that is learned, whereas Passage 2 considers it an instinctive impulse.C. Passage 1 claims that lying is characterized by certain distinctive behaviors, whereas Passage 2 largely rejects that notion.D. Passage 1 takes a scientific approach to lying, whereas Passage 2 discusses it from an anecdotal perspective.E. Passage 1 focuses on the effects of lying, whereas Passage 2 examines its causes.7. Lines 1, Passage 1 (“Liars may…emotions”), and lines 10-11, Passage 2 (“Clumsy…behavior”), both cont ain instances ofA. simileB. paradoxC. euphemismD. qualificationE. understatement8. The author of Passage 2 would most likely describe the claim about “fear, guilt, and distress” (lines 3, Passage 1) as aA. conventional but inaccurate perceptionB. plausible theory that my prove to be correctC. misconception of little significanceD. nonstandard view that is based on faulty scienceE. widespread and well-substantiated belief9. Lines 11-12 (“As…them”) suggest that Bella DePaulo w ould most likely maintain that Passage 1A. overlooks the behavior patterns of those who tell the truthB. presents the very misconceptions that people often have about liarsC. offers a perceptive psychological analysis of liars’ deceptive behaviorsD. takes an overly sympathetic view of deceptive behaviorE. overemphasizes the role of linguistic patterns in lyingQuestions 10-15 are based on the following passages.This passage, adapted from a 1983 biography, discusses Frida Kahlo (1907-1954), a Mexican painter. Known for her distinctive artistic style, her flamboyant dress, and her tumultuous life, Kahlo endured numerous health problems and emotional upheavals, many of which are depicted in her paintings.It was not bohemian casualness that prompted FridaKahlo to choose for her wedding dress the borrowedclothes of a Tehuana Indian woman. When she put on thiscostume, she was choosing a new identity, and she did it5 with all the fervor of a nun taking the veil. Even when shewas a girl, clothes were a kind of language for Kahlo, andthe intricate links between dress and self-image, andbetween personal style and painting style, formed oneof the subplots in the unfolding drama of her life.10 For Kahlo the elements of her dress were a kind ofpalette from which she selected each day the image ofherself that she wished to present to the world. WearingTehuana costumes was part of Kahlo’s self-creation as alegendary personality intimately connected to her native15 land. Yet while she was definitely playing a role, hers wasan authentic artifice. She did not change her personality tofit the image she presented; rather, she invented a highlyindividualistic personal style to dramatize the personalitythat was already there.20 Indeed, Kahlo’s Tehuana costume became so essential apart of her persona that several time she painted it devoidof its owner. The costume served as a stand-in for herself,a second skin never totally assimilated to the person hiddenunder it but so integral to her that even when it was taken25 off, it retained something of the wearer’s being. ClearlyKahlo knew of the magic power of clothes to substitutefor their owner; in her diary, she wrote that the Tehuanacostume made “the absent portrait of only one person”– her absent self.30 Always a form of social communication, as the yearspassed Kahlo’s costumes became an antidote to isolation;even when she was very ill and received few visitors, shedressed every day as if she were preparing for a fiesta. Asher self-portraits confirmed her existence, so did the35 costumes make the frail, often bedridden woman feel moremagnetic and visible, more emphatically present as aphysical object in space. Paradoxically, they were both amask and a frame. Since they defined the wearer’s identityin terms of appearance, they distracted her – and the40 onlooker – from inner pain. The elaborate packaging wasan attempt to compensate for her sense of fragmentationand dissolution. Ribbons, flowers, jewels, and sashesbecame more and more colorful and elaborate as her healthdeclined late in life. In a sense, Kahlo was like a Mexican45 piñata: she was a fragile vessel decorated with frills andruffles, and just as blindfolded children swing at the piñatawith a broomstick, life dealt Kahlo below after blow. Whilethe piñata dances and sways, the knowledge that it is aboutto be destroyed makes its bright beauty all the more50 poignant. In the same way, Kahlo’s decoration wastouching; it was at once affirmation of her loveof life and a signal of her awareness – and defiance–of life’s troubles.10. The passage primarily serves toA. refute a popular belief about modern paintersB. discuss the c ritical response to an important artist’s workC. evaluate the artistic techniques of a well-known painterD. analyze a method of self-expression for a noted artistE. provide a comprehensive biography of a famous painter11. The first sentence of the passage primarily serves toA. support a prevailing opinionB. describe a provocative theoryC. dispel a potential misconceptionD. delineate an ongoing problemE. offer a tentative solution12. The reference to a nun in line 3 primarily serves to su ggest Kahlo’sA. pious humilityB. worldly renunciationC. intellectual rigorD. personal selflessnessE. enthusiastic devotion13. In lines 8-9 (“Yet…artifice”), the author indicated that playing a role canA. be a complex, almost incomprehensible masqueradeB. be a form of sincere self-expressionC. dramatize the individual’s historyD. conceal embarrassing secretsE. alter the personality of the role player14. The reference to “a mask and a frame” (lines 19) indicates that Kahlo’s costumesA. communicated Kahlo’s inner feelings to othersB. mystified people studying Kahlo’s workC. could not be separated from Kahlo’s actual paintingsD. incorporated everyday physical objectsE. served seemingly contradictory functions15. The passage indicated that “Ribbons, flowers, jewels, and sashes” (line 21-22)became more elaborate toA. contrast with Kahlo’s artistic austerityB. enhance the imagery in Kahlo’s self-portraitsC. counterbalance Kahlo’s increasing frailtyD. showcase Kahlo’s success as an artistE. express Kahlo’s enthusiasm for adornmentsQuestions 16-24 are based on the following passages.This passage is adapted from the autobiographical account of a journalist traveling through Africa to research chimpanzees.Our walk through the forest was like a journey throughan extended underground cavern. We wound throughobscure passages, out into small openings or great rooms,and then tunneled back into winding passageways. Toward5 the end of the afternoon, we followed what seemed to be alarge movement of chimpanzees into one great open roomin the forest, relatively clear except for columns of nuttrees. Soon about a dozen chimps were hammering away,using log hammers on log or root anvils.10 We had entered a factory, but it was also a nursery. Iturned to watch a mother playing with her infant, ticklinghis toes with playful little nibbles and then looking intohis laughing face and eyes with the most amazing gazeof adoration. Elsewhere, three adult females had situated15 themselves in a tree and were kissing and tickling an infant,who writhed with apparent pleasure. Suddenly, their faces,which had taken on remarkable glowing expressions ofadoration, registered in my mind as entirelycomprehensible. I was looking at intelligent faces20 experiencing an emotion I could only imagine to be love.One commentator has said that the big differencebetween humans and chimps (intelligent though thoseapes may be) is that humans can invent great wondersof technology. “I considered the difference between25 men and animals,” this person wrote. “Some were vast.A chimpanzee could be taught to drive a car. It couldeven be taught to build parts of it. But it could not beginto design it…. Our intellect is incomparably moresophisticated than (that of) any animal. One hears this30 sort of argument often, and, to my mind, it is mereself-stroking puffery. Could you or I begin to design acar? Has any single human actually designed a car? Couldany one person abandoned at birth on a desert islandsomewhere – without pictures, communication, education,35 or artifacts –even invent a tricycle or a child’s kite or amousetrap? Obviously not. Left at birth on a desert island,you and I and that commentator would be lifting anddropping chunks of wood or rounded stones onto hardnuts –and be glad we figured that one out.”40 The great accomplishment of Homo sapiens is nottechnology, which has become bigger and scarier thanwe are, a mixed blessing. The great accomplishment islanguage, which has enabled us to accumulate andcoordinate our achievements, insights, and minicreations.45 Our big technologies are collective efforts, culturalproducts, all and always made possible by language.Even the supposed “milestones” of technologicaladvancement—the use of movable type, to take oneexample—were collective events. Johannes Gutenberg50 didn’t think up movable type whole, in an isolated strokeof genius. His partner was a goldsmith; his father was amint employee, entirely familiar with soft metals. Printingpresses were all around Europe by then. Gutenberg’s greatgenius was to assemble, revise, and modify already55 long-established traditions in metallurgy, goldsmithing,and woodblock printing, not to mention papermaking andpress design.Our one great accomplishment is language, but our greathope is the internal compass that may enable us to guide60 ourselves and our technological powers into the future: ourglowing capacity for valuing our own kind and for at leastsome empathy beyond our kind. The hand lifting anddropping the stone is less impressive than the eye that gazedwith love.(1)Gutenberg’s typesetting process made the mass production of text possible.16. It can be inferred that “chimps” mentioned in line 4 areA. using simple tools to crack open nutsB. expressing themselves by making a lot of noiseC. taking out their aggressions on the nut treesD. working cooperatively on different tasksE. mimicking the work habits of human beings17. The author uses the word “factory” (line 6) primarily to suggest thatA. some chimpanzees live a highly regimented lifeB. the sound created by the chimpanzees’ activity is loud enough to impair hearingC. the chimpanzees are doing productive work collectivelyD. only those chimpanzees who want to participate in communal activities do soE. the activity of the male chimpanzees differs significantly from that of the females18. In lines 16 (“it…puffery”), the author characterized the commentator’s argument asA. useless flatteryB. exaggerated self-regard。
2010年高考英语上海卷（完整试题+答案+解析）
2010年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷（105分）I.Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A.betweenB.alongC.belowD.with答案：B考点：考察介词的用法解析：，根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。
26.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was journey.A.three hourB.a three-hoursC.a three-hourD.three hours 答案：C考点：此题考查复合形容词意为“三小时的路解析：连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。
数词+连字符+名词的用法,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。
意为程”27.If our parents do everything for us children,we won't learn to depend onA.themselvesB.themD.ourselves答案：D考点：本题考查反身代词解析：主语为we，因此应为ourselves.depend on oneself:自力更生。
根据句意，选D。
28.Every few years,the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A.are havingB.haveC.have hadD.had had答案：B考点：本题考查时态。
2010年考研英语真题及答案
2010年考研英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to s upervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the ―Hawthorne effect‖, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged‖ Hawthorne effect ― is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its ―one-click‖ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is ―a very big deal‖, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It ―has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.‖Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and t hat one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should‖ reconsider‖ its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for ―inventions‖ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are ―reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court‖ ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word ―about-face‖ (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the ―two step flow of communication‖: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally suppos ed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade ofchange won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call ―global cascades‖– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epid emics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the ―two-step-flow theory‖[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase ―these people‖ in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobb ying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving thebanking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who ―question our motives.‖ Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls ―the use of judgment by management.‖European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie Mc Creevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did ―not live in a political vacuum‖ but ―in the real word‖ and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were ―on the wrong planet ‖in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in thetrade as ―horeca‖: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41 →42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on ―worthless‖ species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification ofapplicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―postgraduate association‖ instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是―影响，感动‖; B项achieve意思是―达成，完成‖; C项extract 意思是―提取，榨出‖;D项restore是―恢复，重建‖. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2010年考研英语真题及答案
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to enginee rs to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-fl oor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the ―Hawthorne effect‖, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged‖ Hawthorne effect ― is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its ―one-click‖ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is ―a very big deal‖, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It ―has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.‖Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should‖ reconsider‖ its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being uphe ld for ―inventions‖ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are ―reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court‖ ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word ―about-face‖ (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influenti als derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the ―two step flow of communication‖: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t inter act with that many others. Y et it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call ―global cascades‖– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the ―two-step-flow theory‖[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase ―these people‖ in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term asse ts in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who ―question our motives.‖ Y et bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls ―the use of judgment by management.‖European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie Mc Creevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did ―not live in a political vacuum‖ but ―in the real word‖ and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The trut h will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure t o make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were ―on the wrong planet ‖in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as ―horeca‖: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41 →42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Y et these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on ―worthless‖ species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Y ou are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.Y ou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―postgraduate association‖Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.Y ou should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案解析Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是―影响，感动‖; B项achieve意思是―达成，完成‖; C项extract意思是―提取，榨出‖;D 项restore是―恢复，重建‖. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
【高清手敲版】2010年5月SAT阅读真题和答案
SECTION 2Questions 9-10 are based on the following passage.At a preconcert interview in 2000 for the performanceof one of her works in London, Rhian Samuel was askesdabout her well-known reluctance to be considered a Welshcomposer. Her reply –―I am not so happy to be called only linea Welsh composer because I haven‘t lived in Wales all my 5life and have other influences as well. On the other hand, I[have] been a woman all my life! ‖ – brought both laughterand applause from the expectant crowd of concertgoers.In short, Samuel is proud to be considered first a womancomposer, one whose connection to the Welsh language 10and people resurfaces at interludes throughout her musicallife.9. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) discuss a composer‘s musical training(B) clarify a musician‘s self-perception(C) discribe an artist‘s linguistic talents(D) reveal the preferences of a particular audience(E) reconcile two antithetical views of a performance10. Her ―reply‖ in lines 4-7 suggests chiefly that Samuel believes which of the following?(A) Her nationality is not the most important aspect of her identity.(B) She coule not have become a successful composer if she had remained in Wales for her whole life.(C) One of the abligations of a musician is to relate a humorous anecdote before each performance.(D) Other people should not refer to themselves as Welsh unless thay have always lived in Wales.(E) Men should acknowledge the importance of their gender as an artistic influence just as women do.Questions 11-12 are based on the following passage.My daughter, Olivia, and I were going to college.Not together at the same school, thank goodness, justat the same time, but she didn‘t exactly know about myplans yet. There were a few things that needed work in line this arrangement. Any mother who has an eighteen-year- 5 old daughter would completed understand why I didn‘tmention my decision to go back to college to Olivia.What? I can‘t believe it. Are you actually copyingme? Don‘t you think you should consider getting yourown life? It wasn‘t that I planned never to tell her. I just 10 figured I‘d wait a bit –untile we‘d had a little time to misseach other.11. The narrator‘s attitude toward her situation is best described as(A) perplexed(B) prudent(C) sentimental(D) annoyed(E) derisive12. The narrator uses the questions in lines 8-10 primarily to(A) voice some pressing concerns(B) admit to some personal qualms(C) characterize a likely response(D) highlight an unpleasant memory(E) begin a discussion答案：BABCQuestions 13-24 are based on the following passages.These passages discuss string theory, the as-yet-unproven idea that all matter in the universe is made up of ―strings‖ so small that they have not been detected by instruments.The passages were adapted from books published in 2000 and 2006, respectively.Passage 1String theory is a work in progress whose partialcompletion has already revealed remarkably elegantanswers to questions about nature‘s most fundamentalconstituents and forces. For instance, in string theory many lineaspects of nature that might appear to be arbitrary technical 5details – such as the number of distinct varieties of particleingredients and their properties – are found to arise fromtangible aspects of geometry of the universe.In the final analysis, though, nothing is a substitute fordefinitive, testable predictions that can determine whether 10string theory has truly lifted the veil of mystery hiding thedeepest truths of our universe.It may be some time beforeour level of comprehension has reached sufficient depth toachieve this aim. In fact, the mathematics of string theoryis so complicated that, to date, no one even knows the exact 15equations of the theory. Nevertheless, experimrntal testscould provide strong circumstantial support for stringtheory within the next ten years or so.One of the pioneers of string theory summarizes thesituation by saying that ―string theory is a part of twenty- 20first-century physics that fell by chance into the twentiethcentury. ‖ It is as if our forebears in the nineteenth centuryhad been presented with a modern-day supercomputer,without the operating instructions. Through inventive trialand error, hints of the supercomputer‘s power would have 25become evident, but it would have taken vigorous andprolonged effort to gain true mastery. The hints of thecomputer‘s potential, like our glimpses of string theory‘sexplanatory power, would have provide strong motivationfor obtaining complete facility. A similar motivation today 30energizes physicists to pursue string theory.Science proceeds in fits and starts. Scientists putforward results, both theoretical and experimental. Theresults are then debated by the community; sometimes theyare discarded, sometimes they are modified, and sometimes 35they provide inspiration for new and more accurate waysof understanding the universe. In other words, scienceproceeds along a zigzag path toward what we hope will beultimate truth, a path that began with humanity‘s ea rliestattempts to fathom the cosmos and whose end we cannot 40 predict. Whether string theory is an incidental rest stopalong this path, a landmark turning point, or the finaldestination we do not know. But the last two decadesof reseach by hundreds of dedicated physicists andmathematicians has given us well-founded hope that 45 we are on the right and possibly final track.Passage 2No matter how things turn out, the story of string theoryis an episode with no parallel in the history of modernphysics. More than twenty years of research by thousandsof the world‘s best scientists producing tens of thousands 50of scientific papers has not led to a single testableexperimental prediction of the theory. This unpreccedentedsituation leads one to ask whether one can really describestring theory as science.Human beings engage in many different attempts to 55 explain the world around them, but only a specific sort ofexplanation is normally considered to be scientific. Anexplanation that allows one to predict successfully indetails what will happen when one goes out and performsa feasible experiment is the sort of explanation that most 60 clearly can be labeled. ―scientific. ‖ Explanations that cannotbe used to form predictions clearly do not deserve thislabel.Remarkably, the lack of any progress in achieving apredictive version of string theory that could be tested by 65 experiment has not led to theorists‘ giving it up. Indeed, inrecent years, many string theorists have become convincedthat string theory inherently must allow an astronomicallylarge number of physical possibilities, so many that it isdifficult to see how the theory can ever be tested. Y et some 70 theorists are convinced that a better understanding of thetheory will uncover testable phenomena. This way ofthinking is a steadfast refusal to acknowledge the lessonthat conventional science says one should draw in this kindof circumstance: if one‘s theory can‘t predict anything, one 75 should try something else.The phrase ―not even wrong ‖ is popular amongphysicists. A theory can be ―not even wrong‖ becauseit is so incomplete and ill-defined that it can‘t be used tomake predictions whose failure would show it to be wrong. 80This sort of ―not even wrong‖ is not necessarily a badthing. Most new theoretical ideas begin in this state, and itcan take quite a bit of work before their implications arewell enough understood for researchers to be able to tellwhether the idea is right or wrong. But there is a second 85connotation of ―not even wrong‖: something worse thana wrong idea. In case of string theory, the way somephysicists are abandoning fundamental scientific principlesrather than admit that a theory is wrong is something of thiskind: worse than being wrong is refusing to admit when 90one is wrong.13. Which best describes the relationship between two passages?(A) Passage 1 provides concrete evidence in support of a hypothesis attacked in Passage 2.(B) Passage 1 advocates a theoretical approach that is only reluctantly endorsed by Passage 2.(C) Passage 1 praises the achievements of a scientific researcher who is denounced in Passage 2.(D) Passage 1 offers a largely positive assessment of a theory that is criticized in Passage 2.(E) Passage 1 offers a detailed description of a methodology that is praised in Passage 2.14. The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the claim in lines 9-12 in Passage 1 (―In the … universe‖) with(A) complete agreement(B) amused toleration(C) deliberate neutrality(D) open skepticism(E) total opposition15. The author of Passage 2 would most likely argue that the prediction made in lines 16-18 in Passage 1(―Nevertheless …or so‖) is(A) unlikely to come to pass(B) based on relevant data(C) a patently obvious claim(D) a somewhat plausible outcome(E) an unnecessarily pessimistic assessment16. In the analogy of the supercomputer(lines 22-30), modern physicists resemble the ―forebears‖ in that both(A) have an obligation to acknowledge their own limitations(B) lack the knowledge to take full advantage of a tool(C) fail to recognize the complexity of a challenge(D) must learn to use computers to do their work more effectively(E) should seek instructiom to understand a phenomenon more fully17. In line 32, ―fits‖ most nearly means(A) violent attack(B) unprovoked tantrums(C) emotional reactions(D) unexpected whims(E) sudden bursts18.The characterization of the ―path‖ (line 38) suggests that science(A) result from purely chance events(B) is driven by an unforeseen and mysterious purpose(C) progresses in an orderly manner(D) is inaccessible to those without proper training(E) advances in indirect and sometimes unexpected ways19. The author of Passage 2 would most likely advise the ―physicists and mathematicians‖ referred to in lines 44-45, Passage 1, to(A) redouble their current efforts(B) collaborate more with one another(C) find new avenues for research(D) pursue a more interdisciplinary approach(E) seek to replicate their experimental findings20. The primary contrast in lines 47-52 (―No matter …theory‖) is between the(A) size of a project and its importance(B) purpose of an undertaking and its result(C) history of an enterprise and its future(D) scope of an endeavor and its outcome(E) randomness of an approach and its findings21. Pa ssage 1 suggests that its auther would most likely argue that the ―unprecedented situation‖ (line 52-53, Passage 2) is(A) proof of the arbitrary nature of theoretical physics(B) evidence of the lack of consensus among physicists(C) a sign of the challenges involved with working with supercomputers(D) a testament to the difficulty of directly observing subatomic phenomena(E) a consequence of the highly complex mathematics underlying string theory22. The second paragraph in Passage 2 (lines 55-63) primarily serves to(A) analyze the steps required by a process(B) assess the practicality of achieving an objective(C) articulate the criteria required to meet a standard(D) characterize the qualifications of practitioners(E) describe the significant advancements of a discipline23. In line 74, ―draw‖ most nearly means(A) sketch(B) lesd(C) attract(D) infer(E) provokr24. Both authors would agree with which statement about string theory?(A) Through its development, important technological advances have taken place.(B) In its current state, the explanations it provides are ultimately incomplete.(C) It is unlikely that it will ever provide an encompassing explanation.(D) It is beginning to be challenged by the majority of scientists.(E) It represents our best chance of understanding subatomic phenomena.答案：DAABEECDECDBSECTION 5Qusetions 6-9 are based on the following passages.Passage 1Liars may betray themselves through linguisticmistakes,but the main sources of betrayal are the emotions.Emotion reveals itself, sometimes in contradictory ways,in voice, body and face.Deceptions typically involve line trying to conceal feelings that are inappropriate or trying 5cover up the fear, guilt, and distress that may be provokedwhen one attempts to get away with a lie. When a personlies and has an emotional investment in the situation, aperfect performance is hard to carry off. Nonverbal cluesto deception leak out. What is surprising is that few people 10 make use of these clues and thus liars go undetected.Passage 2Human beings are terrible lie detectors. In studies,subjects asked to distinguish truth from lies answercorrectly approximately half the time. People are oftenled astray by an erroneous sense of how a liar hehaves. 15―People hold a stereotype of the liar – as tormented,anxious, and conscience-stricken, ‖ researchers BellaDePaulo and Charles Bond write. Clumsy deceiversare sometimes visibly agitated, but in general there is nosuch thing as ―typical‖ deceptive behavior. As DePaulo 20says, ―To be a good liar, you don‘t need to know whatbehaviors really separate liars from truthtellers, butwhat behaviors people think separaate them.‖6. Which best describes the relationship between the passage?(A) Passage 1 discusses lying from a moral stance, whereas Passage 2 examines it from a legal viewpoint.(B) Passage 1 views lying as a skill that is learned, whereas Passage 2 considers it an instinctive impulse.(C) Passage 1 claims that lying is characterized by certain distinctive behaviors, whereas Passage2 largely rejects that notion.(D) Passage 1 takes a scientific approach to lying, whereas Passage 2 discusses it from an anecdotal perspective.(E) Passage 1 focuses on the effects of lying, whereas Passage 2 examines its causes.7. Lines 1-2, Passage 1(―Liars may … emotions‖), and lines 18-20, Passage 2(―Clumsy … behavior‖), both contain instances of(A) Simile(B) paradox(C) euphemism(D) qualification(E) understatement8. The author of Passag e 2 would most likely describe the claim about ―fear, guilt, and distress‖ (lines 6, Passage 1) as a(A) conventional but inaccurate perception(B) plausible theory that may prove to be correct(C) misconception of little significance(D) nonstandard view that is based on faulty science(E) widespread and well-substantiated belief9. Lines 20-23(―As … them‖)suggest that Bella DePaulo would most likely maintain that Passage 1(A) overlooks the behavior patterns of those who tell the truth(B) presents the very misconceptions that people often have about liars(C) offers a perceptive psychological analysis of liars‘ deceptive behaviors(D) takes a overly sympathetic view of deceptive behavior(E) overemphasizes the role of linguistic patterns in lying答案CDABQuestions 16-24 are based on the following passage.This passage is adaptes from the autobiographical cacount of a journalist traveling through Africa to reseach chimpanzees.Our walk through the forest was like a journey throughan extended underground cavern.. We wound throughobscure passages, out into small openings or great rooms,and then tunneled back into winding passageways. Toward linethe end of the afternoon, we followed what seemed to be a 5large movement of chimpanzees into one great open roomin the forest, relatively clear except for columns of nuttrees. Soon about a dozen chimps were hammering away,using log hammers on log or root anvils.We had entered a factory, but it was also a nursery. I 10turned to watch a mother playing with infant, ticklinghis toes with playful little nibbles and then looking intohis laughing face and eyes with the most amazing gazeof adoration. Elsewhere, three adult females had situatedthemselves in a tree and were kissing and tickling an infant, 15who writhed with apparent pleasure. Suddenly, their faces,which had taken on remarkable glowing expressions ofadoration, registered in my mind as entirelycomprehensible, I was looking at intelligent facesexperiencing an emotin I could only imagine to be love. 20One commentator has said that the big differencebetween humans and chimps (intelligent though thoseapes may be ) is that humans can invent great wondersof technology. ―I considered the difference betweenmen and animals, ‖ this person wrote. ―Some were vast.25A chimpanzee could be taught to drive a car. It couldeven be taught to bulid parts of it. But it could not beginto design it …. Our intellect is incomparably moresophisticated than [ that of ] any animals. ‖One hears thissort of argument often, and, to my mind, it is mere 30self-stroking puffery. Could you or I begin to design acar? Has any single human actually designed a cars? Couldany one person abandoned at birth on a desert islandsomewhere – without pictures, communication, education,or artifacts –even invent a tricycle or a child ‗s kite or a 35 mousetrap? Obviously not. Left at birth on a desert island,you and I and that commentator would be lifting anddropping chunks of wood or rounded stones onto hardnuts – and be glad we figured that one out.The great accomplishment of Hemo sapiens is not 40 Technology, which has become bigger and scarier thanwe are, a mixed blessing. The great accomplishment islanguage, which has enabled us to accumulate andcoordinate our achievements, insights, and minicreations.Our big technologies are collective efforts, cultural 45 Products, all and always made possible by language.Even the supposed ―milestones‖ of technologicalAdvancement – the use of movable type, to take oneexample – were collective events. Johannes Gutenberg*didn‘t think up movable t ype whole, in an isolated stroke 50 of genius. His partner was a goldsmith, his father was amint employee, entirely familiar with soft metals. Printingpresses were all around Europe by then. Gutenberg‘s greatgenius was to assemble, revise, and modify alreadylong – established traditions in metallurgy, goldsmithing, 55 and woodblock printing, not to mention papermaking andpress design.Our one great accomplishment is language, but our greathope is the internal compass that may enable us to guideourselves and our technological powers into the future: our 60 glowing capacity for valuing our own kind and for at leastsome empathy beyond our kind. The hand lifting anddropping the stone is less impressive than the eye that gazeswith love.*Gutenberg‘s typesetting process made the mass production of text possible.16. It can be inferred that the ―chimps‖ mentioned in line 8 are(A) using simple tools to crack open nuts(B) expressing themselves by making a lot of noise(C) taaking out their aggressions on the nut trees(D) working cooperatively on different tasks(E) mimicking the work habits of human beings17. The author uses the word ―factory‖ (line 10) primarily to suggest that(A) some chimpanzees live a highly regimented life(B) the sound created by the chimpanzees‘ activity is loud enough to impair hearing(C) the chimoanzees are doing productive work collectively(D) only those chimpanzees who want to participate in communal activities do so(E) the activity of the male chimpanzees differs significantly from that of the females18. In lines 30-31 (―it …puffery‖), the author characterizes the commentaor‘s argument as(A) useless flattery(B) exaggerated self-regard(C) witty repartee(D) self-conscious hyperbole(E) deliberate distortion19. The questions in lines 31-36 serve primarily to(A) suggest ideas for further research(B) provide an example fo missing data(C) point to an alternative explanation(D) debate whether knowledge is incomplete(E) imply that an argument is flawed20. In lines 40-42(―The great … blessing‖), the auther characterizes technology as(A) the accomplishment that distinguishes Homo sapiens from chimpanzees(B) a phenomenon that has come to overshadow those who developed it(C) an inevitable step in the development of human beings and their socienties(D) an achievement that has grown impressively in importance over time(E) a force that is ultimately shaped by the fears of those who created it21. According to the author, th e ―great accomplishment is language‖(lines 42-43) because it allows human beings to(A) combine small, individual advances into something larger and moer powerful(B) express their emotions and show their feeling toward one another(C) work with each other so that dangerous conflicts can be avoided(D) express in concrete form notions that would otherwise seem vague and abstract(E) demonstrate that they are more intelligent, and thus more capable, than chimpanzees22. The auther uses the word‖supposed‖ in line 47 primarily to(A) signal a claim that is counterintuitive for most people(B) make reference to a viewpoint that is known to be controversial(C) suggest that a certain concept may not be entirely accurate(D) indicate a complete and technically correct definition(E) bolster the claims of authorities who are often cited23. Which best describes the relationship between the ―internal compass‖(line 59) and thecharacterization of chimpanzee behaviors in the second paragraph (line 10-20)?(A) One shows a sophisticated understanding, while the other shows a less-developed capacity for understanding(B) One deals with nonverbal communication, while the other deals with communication through language(C) One is an example of a uniquely human ability, while the other is an example for an ability that chimpanzees may or may not have.(D) Both represent the ability to have affection for and understanding of other beings.(E) Both are examples of the ability of primates to use tools to improve their lives.24. The ―hand‖(line 62) and the ―eye‖(line 63) represent, respectively,which of the following?(A) Gesture and feeling(B) War and peace(C) Ingenuity and language(D) Communicaition and meaning(E) Technology and empathy答案：ACBEBACDESECTION 8Question 7-19are based on the following passage.The following passage is from a nineteenth-century British novel. The narrator is Gabriel Betteredge, the butler of Lady Julia V erinder, owner of a stolen diamond called the Moonstone.In the first part of Robinson Crusoe, at pageone hundred and twenty-nine, you will find it thuswritten:―Now I saw, though too late, the Folly of the beginninga Work before we count the Cost, and before we judge 5rightly of our own strength to go through with it.‖Only yesterday I opened my Robinson Crusoe atthat place. Only this morning (May 21, 1850) came mylady‘s nephew, Mr. Franklin Blake, and held a shortconversation with me, as follow: 10―Betteredge,‖ says Mr. Franklin, ―I have been to theLawyer‘s about some family matters; and, among otherThings, we have been talking of the loss of the IndianDiamond, in my aunt‘s house in Y orkshire, two yearssince. The lawyer thinks, as I think, that the whole story 15ought, in the interests of truth, to be placed on recordin writing—and the sooner the better.‖Not perceiving his drift yet, and thinking it alwaysDesirable for the sake of peace and quietness to be onThe lawyer‘s side, I said I thought so too. Mr. Franklin 20 went on:―In this matter of the Diamond,‖ her said, ―the charactersof innocent people have suffered under suspicion already—as you know. The memories of innocent people may suffer, hereafter, for want of a record of the facts to which those 25 who come after us can appeal. There can be no doubt thatthis strange family story of ours ought to be told. And Ithink, Betteregde, the lawyer and I together have hit onthe right way of telling it.‖V ery satisfactory to both of them, no doubt. But I failed 30 to see what I myself had to do with I, so far.―we have certain events to relate,‖ Mr. Franklin pro-Ceded; ―and we have certain persons concerned in thoseevents who are capable of relating them. Starting fromthese plain facts, the lawyer‘s idea is that we should all 35 write the story of the Moonstone in turn—as far as ourown personal experience extends, and no further. wemust begin by showing how the Diamond first fell intothe hands of my uncle Herncastle, when he was servingin India fifty years since. This prefatory narrative I have 40 already got by me in the form of an old family paper,which relates he necessary particulars on the authority ofan eye-witness. The next thing to do is to tell how theDiamond found its way into my aunt‘s house in Y orkshire,two years since, and how it came to be lost in little more 45 than twelve hours afterward. Nobody knows as much asyou do, Betteredge, about what went on in the house atthat time. so you must take the pen in hand, and startthe stoty.‖In those terms I was informed of what my personal 50 concern was with the matter of the Diamond. If youare curious to know what course I took under the circumstances, I beg to inform you that I did what youwould probably have done in my place. I modestlydeclared myself to be quite unequal to the task imposed 55 upon me—and I privately felt, all the time, that I wasquite clever enough to perform it, if I only gave my ownabilities a fair chance. Mr. Franklin, I imagine, must haveseen my private sentiments in my face. He declined tobelieve in my modesty; and her insisted on giving my 60abilities a fair chance.Two hours have passed since Mr. Franklin left me.As soon as his back was turned I went to my writing-deskto start the story. There I have sat helpless (in spite of myabilities) ever since: see what Robinson Crusoe saw, 65as quoted above—namely, the folly of beginning a workbefore we count the cost, and before we judge rightly ofour own strength to go through with it. Please to remember,I opened the book by accident, at that bit, only the daybefore I rashly undertook the business now in hand; and, 70allow me to ask—if that isn‘t prophecy, what is?7. the quotation in lines 4-6 (―now…it‖) implies that one shouldA. assess a project carefully before committing oneself to itB. strive to meet a challenge rather than to avoid itC. take advantage of an opportunity before it is lostD. approach a task with a sense of amusement instead of annoyanceE. focus on the benefits that can be earned by accomplishing a difficult feat8. the repetition of ―Only‖ in lines 7-8 serves to emphasize theA. uniqueness of an experienceB. solitary nature of a taskC. simplicity of a solutionD. brevity of an intervalE. insignificance of an action9. in lines 11-49 (―Betteredge…story‖) , Mr. Franklin proposes thatA. various people contribute individual accounts to a single narrative about the diamondB. everyone with an interest in the diamond gather together to write its storyC. the lawyer interview different people and compile their views in a report about the diamondD. the narrator research and write the definitive story of the diamondE. the narrator determine the reliability of existing documents related to the diamond10. As revealed in lines 18-20( ―not…to), Betteredge‘s attitude toward the lawyer isA. belligerentB. enviousC. deferentialD. protectiveE. emphatic11. In line 23, Mr. Franklin voices the concern that ―innocent people‖A. have been corruptedB. have been defamedC. have been forgotten。
(完整版)SATog5阅读真题解析
SAT test 51.For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be _________.(A) healthy adj. 健康的(B) expensive adj. 昂贵的(C) wasteful adj. 浪费的(D) toxic adj. 有毒的(E) inane adj. 愚蠢的解析：D，在很长的一段时间里，大多数医生认为用大量的维他命是无害的;不过现在有些人警告过量食用会----。
这里however表示转折与前面的harmless是相反的意思。
2. In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the west Indian heroine _________ her employers' world, critically examining its assumptions and values.(A) idealizes v. 理想化(B) avoids v. 避开(C) beautifies v. 美化(D) scrutinizes v. 仔细检查(E) excludes v. 排除，解析：E，在牙买加金彩的小说露西，这个西印度群岛英雄----她的雇主的世界，精细的审视他的猜测和价值。
这个句子中前后两句意思是一致的，没有转折词，所以空格所需的东西与examining是同义词，所以D。
3.The frequent name changes that the country has undergone _________ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history.(A) argue against v. 真钞，辩论(B) contrast with v. 对比，差异(C) testify to v. 证明(D) jeopardize v. 危及(E) sustain v. 支撑解析：C，这个国家经历了频繁的国名变更---这个国家的近点史上的政治动乱。
2005年10月sat答案
2005年10月sat答案【篇一：2012年10月sat语法真题答案解析】ss=txt>1. b. 不解释2. e. 逻辑主语，doing, s v o3. a. 有是逻辑主语，should表示应该，would表示会4. e .插入语，主语是cells，复数，竖看选项找复数动词5. b. 原句哪儿错改哪儿，原句with those who were太罗嗦，比较ab，b更加简洁，cd缺动词，etherefore多余6. d. aim at用被动语态，但是aim to 是主动形式7. b. a的单复数错了，c de run on8. b. until recently是一个形容词，所以b没有错误。
注意until单独使用接句子时是conj9. a. 主语是evidence，后面动词用includes10.e. having done在句首表示该动作发生在主句动词之前，比用after更加好，用after doing，s v o表示动作先后不如having done, s v o，因为 doing，s v o表示的是同时发生。
11. e. 注意介词介词的平行，d that of一般用于名词和名词的比较，这个地方前面的energy后面跟了一个expended分词短语，并且后面有介词in12.d. 时态，become13. b. 倒装，was14. b. efficiently15. d. they offer删掉，平行结构16. d. his temperature scale17. a. interchangeably18. d. coping with，cope with固定搭配19.e. 注意c，被动语态里面的介词多用by，但是在表示对象的时候可以用to，somebody is drawn to medication，是可以的20. b. 时态，stocked21. a. had presented又是时态22. d. them23. d. jurors24. e25. a. is26. c. it is that强调句只能用that或者who，11年10月原题！27. d. short growing seasons28. d. one of删除29. a. its30. e. 13句线索词air conditioned house31. d. 考察时态细分。
sat考试题及答案
sat考试题及答案SAT考试题及答案1. 阅读部分阅读部分包含52个问题，分为5篇文章，每篇文章后附有若干个问题。
以下是一篇示例文章及相关问题。
文章摘要：本文讨论了城市化对环境的影响，特别是城市扩张对野生动物栖息地的破坏。
问题1：作者提到城市化的主要目的是什么？A. 提高城市居民的生活质量B. 增加城市的经济收入C. 减少对自然环境的破坏D. 保护野生动物的栖息地正确答案：A问题2：根据文章，城市扩张对野生动物栖息地的影响是什么？A. 栖息地面积增加B. 栖息地面积减少C. 栖息地质量提高D. 栖息地质量下降正确答案：B2. 写作和语言部分写作和语言部分包含44个问题，要求考生修改句子、段落和整个文章，以提高语言的准确性和表达的清晰度。
问题3：以下句子中，哪个选项是语法正确的？A. She is one of the most talented singers who has ever performed.B. She is one of the most talented singers who have ever performed.C. She is one of the most talented singers who had ever performed.D. She is one of the most talented singers who has ever performed.正确答案：B问题4：以下哪个选项最适合填入空白处，以使段落连贯？原文："The new policy aims to reduce traffic congestion by encouraging people to use public transportation."A. However, many people still prefer driving their own cars.B. Therefore, the policy has been successful in reducing traffic.C. As a result, the number of cars on the road has decreased.D. Despite this, traffic congestion remains a problem.正确答案：A3. 数学部分数学部分包含58个问题，分为两个部分：无需计算器部分和需计算器部分。
SAT真题0510S07免费下载
1. Years of _______ lifting of heavy furniture had left him too _______ to be able to stand erect for long periods of time.A. profitable…dumbfoundedB. generous…distractedC. onerous…hesitantD. strenuous…debilitatedE. unstinting…eminent2. Canadian Lynn Johnston was named Cartoonist of the Year in 1985, the first woman to be so _______.A. inspiredB. entrustedC. honoredD. employedE. refined3. Because the photographer believed that wild animals should be _______ only in their various natural surroundings, she _______ often in her career.A. depicted…traveledB. displayed…spokeC. captured…protestedD. domesticated…roamedE. represented…publicized4. Folk painter Grandma Moses has become such an enduring icon that many consider her _______of America.A. an innovatorB. an emblemC. a successorD. a detractorE. a lobbyist5. Whether substances are medicines or poisons often depends on dosage, for substances that are _______ in small doses can be _______ in large.A. useless…effectiveB. mild…benignC. curative…toxicD. harmful…fatalE. beneficial…miraculous6. Critics dismissed the engineer's seemingly creative design as being _______, that is, underdeveloped and lacking in sophistication.A. defunctB. unorthodoxC. simplisticD. erroneousE. ambiguous7. The professor commented to other faculty members that Sheila seemed temperamentally suitedto the study of logic, given her _______ for _______ intricate arguments.A. sympathy…influencingB. penchant…evadingC. disregard…unhingingD. contempt…followingE. bent…analyzing8. While traveling near the Sun, the comet Hale-Bopp produced a _______ amount of dust, much more than the comets Halley or Hyakutake.A. voraciousB. disposableC. redundantD. superficialE. prodigious2005 SECTION 7The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.Questions 9-10 are based on the following passage.Newspaper editor and political commentator Henry Louis Mencken was a force of nature, brushing aside all objects animal and mineral in his headlong rush to the publicity that surely awaited him. He seized each day, shook it to within an inch of its life, and then gaily went on to the next. No matter where his writing appeared, it was quoted widely, his pungently outspoken opinions debated hotly. Nobody else could make so many people so angry, or make so many others laugh so hard.9. In lines 4-5, the words "seized" and "shook" help establish which aspect of Mencken's personality?(A) His code of honor(B) His sense of humor(C) His vindictiveness(D) His intensity(E) His petulance10. The public response described in lines 6-8 most strongly suggests that Mencken's writings were(A) authoritative(B) controversial(C) arrogant(D) informal(E) frivolousQuestions 11-12 are based on the following passage.The ability to see the situation as your opponents see it, as difficult as it may be, is one of the most important skills that you can possess as a negotiator. You must know more than simply that they see things differently. It is not enough to study them like beetles under a microscope; you need to know what it feels like to be a beetle. To accomplish this you should be prepared to withhold judgment as you "try on" their views. Your opponents may well believe that their views are right as strongly as you believe yours are.11. The reference to beetles in lines 5-6 serves to suggest that(A) people need to be more attuned to their surroundings(B) effective negotiation is more of a science than an art(C) people can be made to do what they would prefer not to do(D) effective negotiation requires identify- ing with a different viewpoint(E) people feel uncomfortable when their actions are under scrutiny12. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) persuade people to defend their positions on critical issues(B) indicate a specific ability that is useful in negotiation(C) encourage people to be more accepting of others(D) argue that few people are fit for the demands of negotiation(E) suggest that negotiators should always seek consenQuestions 13-24 are based on the following passages.Passage 1 is from a 2003 book that examines the famous "IHave a Dream" speech delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the historic March on Washington in August 1963. Passage 2 is from a 2000 biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. written by an African American scholar.Passage 1The ability of the "I Have a Dream" speech to highlight King's early career at the expense of his later career accounts for the tone of impatience and betrayal that often5 appears when modern-day supporters of King's agenda talk about the speech. Former Georgia state legislator Julian Bond said in 1986 that commemorations of King seemed to "focus almost entirely on Martin Luther King the dreamer, not on Martin King the antiwar activist, not on Martin King the challenger of the economic order, not on Martin King10 the opponent of apartheid, not on the complete Martin Luther King." One King scholar has proposed a ten-year moratorium on reading or listening to the "I Have a Dream" speech, in the hopes that America will then discover the rest of King's legacy.15 This proposal effectively concedes that King's magnificent address cannot be recovered from the misuse and overquotation it has suffered since his death. But it is not clear that this is so. Even now, upon hearing the speech, one is struck by the many forms of King's genius.20 Many people can still remember the first time they heard "I Have a Dream," and they tend tospeak of that memory with the reverence reserved for a religious experience. At the very least, reflecting on the "I Have a Dream" speech should be an opportunity to be grateful for the astonishing25 transformation of America that the freedom movement wrought. In just under a decade, the civil rights movement brought down a system of segregation that stood essentially unaltered since Reconstruction. King's dreams of an America free from racial discrimination are still some30 distance away, but it is astounding how far the nation has come since that hot August day in 1963. Segregation in the South has been dismantled; there are no longer "Whites Only" signs; segregationist governors do not try to prevent Black children from entering public schools.35 Toward the end of his life, King preached a sermon entitled "Ingratitude," in which he called ingratitude "one of the greatest of all sins," because the sinner "fail[s] to realize his dependence on others." The annual Martin Luther King holiday is properly a day of national thanksgiving, a time 40 for the nation to recognize the immense debt it owes to King and the thousands of heroes of the civil rights movement for saving the soul of America.Passage 2Martin Luther King was at his best when he was willing to reshape the wisdom of many of his45 intellectual predecessors. He ingeniously harnessed their ideas to his views to advocate sweeping social change. He believed that his early views on race failed to challenge America fundamentally. He later confessed that he had underestimated how deeply entrenched racism was in50 America. If Black Americans could not depend on goodwill to create social change, they had to provoke social change through bigger efforts at nonviolent direct action. This meant that Blacks and their allies had to obtain political power. They also had to try to restructure55 American society, solving the riddles of poverty and economic inequality.This is not the image of King that is celebrated on Martin Luther King Day. Many of King's admirers are uncomfortable with a focus on his mature beliefs. They60 seek to deflect unfair attacks on King's legacy by shrouding him in the cloth of superhuman heroism. In truth, this shroud is little more than romantic tissue. King's image has often suffered a sad fate. His strengths have been needlessly exaggerated, his weaknesses wildly over-65 played. King's true legacy has been lost to cultural amnesia. As a nation, we have emphasized King's aspiration to save America through inspiring words and sacrificial deeds. Time and again we replay the powerful image of King standing on a national stage70 in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial mouthing perhaps the most famous four words ever uttered by a Black American: "I have a dream." For most Americans, those words capture King's unique genius. They express his immortal longing for freedom, a longing that is familiar75 to every person who dares imagine a future beyond unjust laws and unfair customs. The edifying universality of those four words—who hasn't dreamed, and who cannot identify with people whose dreams of a better world are punished with violence?—helps to explain their durability. But those80 words survive, too, because they comfort folk who would rather entertain the dreams of unfree people than confront their rage and despair.13. The authors of both passages agree that King's "I Have a Dream" speech(A) had significant global as well as national influence(B) has been imitated by many of King's followers(C) had a profound impact on many Americans(D) was typical of King's thought as a whole(E) questioned the ethical beliefs of many Americans14. It can be inferred that, for Julian Bond, a portrait of "the complete Martin Luther King" (lines 10-11) would(A) celebrate King's influence both within and out-side the United States(B) acknowledge the logical lapses in some of King's later work(C) compare King with other significant figures of his era(D) achieve a balance between King's earlier concerns and his later ones(E) reveal information about King's personal as well as his public life15. The author of Passage 2 would most likely view Julian Bond's statement in lines 7-11 of Passage 1 with(A) outright disapproval(B) considerable surprise(C) cynical mistrust(D) cautious optimism(E) complete agreement16. In line 17, "suffered" most nearly means(A) endured(B) felt(C) prolonged(D) tolerated(E) lamented17. Lines 31-34 ("Segregation in . . . schools") serve primarily to(A) express ambitious hopes for the future(B) challenge the accuracy of historical accounts(C) provide a contrast with other cultures(D) illustrate a point with particular examples(E) defend a series of unusual occurrences18. The author of Passage 1 mentions the "sermon" (line 35) primarily in order to(A) show King's effectiveness as a public speaker(B) demonstrate the broad range of King's interests(C) illustrate an important trait that King possessed(D) question King's ability to empathize with others(E) remind readers of a significant obligation to King19. The author of Passage 2 would most likely characterize the view of King expressed in lines38-42 of Passage 1 ("The annual . . . America") as(A) contradictory(B) insightful(C) atypical(D) simplistic(E) arrogant20. Lines 57-58 ("This is . . . Day") mark a transition within Passage 2 from a(A) consideration of King's views to a critique of people's understanding of them(B) challenge to King's beliefs to an acceptance of their cultural resonance(C) discussion of King's intellectual predecessors to an analysis of his legacy(D) celebration of King's strengths to an examination of his weaknesses(E) defense of King's aspirations to an attack on those who fail to support them21. Lines 76-79 in Passage 2 ("The edifying . . . durability") are best described as(A) contesting the notion of King's historical importance that is advanced by the author of Passage 1(B) providing an explanation for the view of King's speech that is expressed by the author of Passage 1(C) challenging the portrait of the civil rights movement that is presented by the author of Passage 1(D) offering a humorous anecdote that supports a statement made by the author of Passage 1(E) dismissing a perspective that is similarly rejected by the author of Passage 122. Unlike the author of Passage 2, the author of Passage 1 develops his or her argument by(A) citing an authority with whom he or she disagrees(B) referring to a famous speech delivered by King(C) discussing the universal human trait of dreaming(D) dismissing those who fail to understand the subtlety of King's thought(E) assuming that his or her readers are completely unfamiliar with King's ideas23. The author of Passage 2 would most likely argue that commemorations focus on "Martin Luther King the dreamer" (line 7 of Passage 1) because people find this aspect of King to be(A) courageous(B) unpretentious(C) reassuring(D) provocative(E) unexpected24. Which best characterizes the overall relationship between the two passages?(A) Passage 2 rejects the political goals that are described in Passage 1.(B) Passage 2 helps account for the responses to a speech discussed in Passage 1.(C) Passage 2 romanticizes a person who is objectively depicted in Passage 1.(D) Passage 2 recounts the history of a national holiday that is celebrated in Passage 1.(E) Passage 2 reflects on a figure who is denounced in Passage 1.。
SAT真题_2010 May
SECTION 2Time--25 minutes24 QuestionsDirections: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.Each sentence below has one or two banks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of word labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.Examples:Hoping to ----- the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be ----- to both labor and management.A. enforce…usefulB. end…divisiveC. overcome…unattractiveD. extend…satisfactoryE. resolve…acceptable( )1. Unsuccessful in her first campaigns, Barbara Jordan -----, eventually becoming the first Black woman elected to the Texas State Senate.A. persistedB. gloatedC. retiredD. despairedE. hesitated ( )2. Some scientists speculate that children who wash frequently are more likely to become asthmatic than those who wash infrequently: that -----, not the lack of it, is the problem.A. pollutionB. negligenceC. nutritionD. misbehaviorE. cleanliness ( )3. Newspaper advertisers feel their messages are more believable and ----- when they are printed next to news report: hence, advertising charges are higher for such -----.A. dominant…investigationB. irrelevant…proximityC. precise…deliveryD. persuasive…positioningE. vague…thoroughness( )4. Despite accusations to the contrary, it is unlikely that he intended to ----- the articles, since he cited them in his bibliography.A. analyzeB. illuminateC. plagiarizeD. acknowledgeE. contradict ( )5. Ralph Ellison learned the hard way about the ----- of a written manuscript: he suffered the ----- of the only draft of a work in progress in a household fire.A. magnitude…isolationB. fragility…preservationC. illegibility…eradicationD. vulnerability…destructionE. proliferation…division( )6. The new human resources director is both ----- and ----- about being able to improve employment opportunities for women at the executive level: she has great resolve but harbor no illusions.A. practical…deceptiveB. cynical…irrationalC. excited…approachableD. uncooperative…naïveE. determined…realistic( )7. Y ears of neglect had left the inside of the building in ----- condition: workstations were filthy and furnishings were dilapidated.A. a squalidB. a volatileC. an undauntedD. a rudimentaryE. a cataclysmic ( )8. The Wild Parrot of Telegraph Hill is only ----- about birds; despite its title, the documentary actually examines human relationships.A. ostensiblyB. distinctivelyC. intelligiblyD. salientlyE. incontrovertiblyThe passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer of the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.Question 9-10 are based on the following passage.At a preconcert interview in 2000 for the performance of one of her works in London, Rhian Samuel was asked about her well-known reluctance to be considered a Welsh composer. Her reply --- ―I’m not so happy to be called only a Welsh composer because I haven’ t lived in Wales all my life and have another influences as well. On the other hand, I [have] been a woman all my life!‖ --- brought both laughter and applause from the expectant crowd of concertgoers. In short, Samuel is proud to be considered first a woman composer, one whose connection to the Welsh language and people resurfaces at interludes throughout her musical life.( )9. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. discuss a composer’s musical trainingB. clarify a musician’s self-perceptionC. describe an artist’s linguistic talentsD. reveal the preferences of a particular audienceE. reconcile two antithetical views of a performance( )10. Her ―reply‖ in lines 2-3 suggests chiefly that Samuel believes which of the following?A. He nationality is not the most important aspect of her identity.B. She could not have become a successful composer if she had remained in Wales for her whole life.C. One of the obligations of a musician is to relate a humorous anecdote before each performance.D. Other people should not refer to themselves as Welsh unless they have always lived in Wales.E. Men should acknowledge the importance of their gender as an artistic influence just as women do.Question 11-12 are based on the following passage.My daughter, Olivia, and I were going to college. Not together at the same school, thank goodness, just at the same time, but she didn’t exactly know about my plans yet. There were a few things that needed work in this arrangement. Any mother who has an eighteen-year-old daughter would completely understand why I didn’t mention my decision to go to college to Olivia. What? I can’t believe it. Are you actually copying me? Don’t you think you should consider getting your own life? It wasn’t that I planned never to tell her. I just figured I’d wait a bit --- until we’d had a little time to miss each other.( )11. The narrator’s attitude toward her situation is best described asA. perplexedB. prudentC. sentimentalD. annoyedE. derisive( )12. The narrator uses the questions in lines 8-10 primarily toA. voice some pressing concernsB. admit to some personal qualmsC. characterize a likely responseD. highlight an unpleasant memoryE. begin a discussionQuestion 13-24 are based on the following passages.These passages discuss string theory, the as-yet-unproven idea that all matter in the universe is made up of ―strings‖ so small that they have not been detected by instruments. The passages were adapted from books published in 2000 and 2006, respectively.Passage 1String theory is a work in progress whose partial completion has already revealed remarkably elegant answers to questions about nature’s most fundamental constituents and forces. For instance, in string theory many aspects of nature that might appear to be arbitrary technical details --- such as the number of distinct varieties of particle ingredients and their properties --- are found to arise from tangible aspects of the geometry of the universe.In the final analysis, though, nothing is a substitute for definitive, testable predictions that can determine whethercomplicated that, to date, no one even knows the exact equations of the theory. Nevertheless, experimental tests could provide strong circumstantial support for string theory within the next ten years or so.One of the pioneers of string theory summarizes the situation by saying that ―string theory is a part of twenty-first-century physics that fell by change into the twentieth century.‖ It is as if our forebears in the nineteenth century had been presented with a modern-day supercomputer, without the operating instructions. Through inventive trial and error, hints of the supercomputer’s power would have become evident, but it would have taken vigorous and prolonged effort to gain true mastery. The hints of the computer’s potential, like our glimpses of string theory’s explanatory power, would have provided strong motivation for obtaining complete facility. A similar motivation today energizes physicists to pursue string theory.Science proceeds in fits and starts. Scientists put forward results, both theoretical and experimental. The results are then debated by the community; sometimes they are discarded, sometimes they are modified, and sometimes they provide inspiration for new and more accurate ways of understanding the universe. In other words, science proceeds along a zigzag path toward what we hope will be ultimate truth, a path that began with humanity’s earliest attempts to fathom the cosmos and whose end we cannot predict. Whether string theory is an incidental rest stop along this path, a landmark turning point, or the final destination we do not know. But the last two decades of research by hundreds of dedicated physicists and mathematicians has given us well-founded hope that we are on the right and possibly final track. Passage 2No matter how things turn out, the story of string theory is an episode with no parallel in the history of modern physics. More than twenty years of research by thousands of the world’s best scientists producing tens of thousands of scientific papers has not led to a single testable experimental prediction of the theory. This unprecedented situation leads one to ask whether one can really describe string theory as science.Human beings engage in many different attempts to explain the world around them, but only a specific sort of explanation is normally considered to be scientific. An explanation that allows one to predict successfully in detail what will happen when one goes out and performs a feasible experiment is the sort of explanation that most clearly can be labeled ―scientific‖. Explanations that cannot be used to form predictions clearly do not deserve this label.Remarkably, the lack of any progress in achieving a predictive version of string theory that could be tested by experiment has not led to theorist’s giving it up. Indeed, in recent years, many string theorists have become convinced that string theory inherently must allow an astronomically large number of physical possibilities, so many that it is difficult to see how the theory can ever be tested. Y et some theorists are convinced that a better understanding of the theory will uncover testable phenomena. This way of thinking is a steadfast refusal to acknowledge the lesson that conventional science says one should draw in this kind of circumstance: if on e’s theory can’ t predict anything, one should try something else.The phrase ―not even wrong‖is popular among physicists. A theory can be ―not even wrong‖because it is so incomplete and ill-defined that it can’ t be used to make predictions whose failure would show it to be wrong. This sort of ―not even wrong‖ is not necessarily a bad thing. Most new theoretical ideas begin in this state, and it can take quite a bit of work before their implications are well enough understood for researchers to be able to tell whether the idea is right or wrong. But there is a second connotation of ―not even wrong‖: something worse than a wrong idea. In the case of string theory, the way some physicists are abandoning fundamental scientific principles rather than admit that a theory is wrong is something of this kind: worse than being wrong is refusing to admit when one is wrong.( )13. Which best describes the relationship between the two passages?A. Passage 1 provides concrete evidence in support of a hypothesis attacked in Passage 2.B. Passage 1 advocates a theoretical approach that is only reluctantly endorsed by Passage 2.C. Passage 1 praises the achievements of a scientific researcher who is denounced in Passage 2.D. Passage 1 offers a largely positive assessment of a theory that is criticized in Passage 2.E. Passage 1 offers a detailed description of a methodology that is praised in Passage 2.( )14. The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the claim in lines 5-6 in Passage 1 (―In the…universe‖)D. open skepticismE. total opposition( )15. The author of Passage 2 would most likely argue that the prediction made in lined 8-9 in Passage 1 (―Nevertheless…or so‖) isA. unlikely to come to passB. based on relevant dataC. a patently obvious claimD. a somewhat plausible outcomeE. an unnecessarily pessimistic assessment( )16. In the analogy of the supercomputer (line11-15), modern physicists resemble the ―forebears‖ in that bothA. have an obligation to acknowledge their own limitationsB. lack the knowledge to take full advantage of a toolC. fail to recognize to take full advantage of a toolD. must learn to use computers to do their work more effectivelyE. should seek instruction to understand a phenomenon more fully( )17. In line 32, ―fits‖ most nearly meansA. violent attacksB. unprovoked tantrumsC. emotional reactionsD. unexpected whimsE. sudden bursts( )18. The characterization of the ―path‖ (line 20) suggests that scienceA. results from purely chance eventsB. is driven by an unforeseen and mysterious purposeC. progresses in an orderly mannerD. is inaccessible to those without proper trainingE. advances in indirect and sometimes unexpected ways( )19. The author of Passage 2 would most likely advise the ―physicists and mathematicians‖ referred to in lines 23, Passage 1, toA. redouble their current effortsB. collaborate more with one anotherC. find new avenues for researchD. pursue a more interdisciplinary approachE. seek to replicate their experimental findings( )20. The primary contrast in lines 24-26 (―No matter…theory‖) is between theA. size of a project and its importanceB. purpose of an undertaking and its resultC. history of an enterprise and its futureD. scope of an endeavor and its outcomeE. randomness of an approach and its findings( )21. Passage 1 suggests that its author would most likely argue that the ―unprecedented situation‖(lines 26, Passage 2) isA. proof of the arbitrary nature of theoretical physicsB. evidence of the lack of consensus among physicistsC. a sign of the challenges involved with working with supercomputersD. a testament to the difficulty of directly observing subatomic phenomenaE. a consequence of the highly complex mathematics underlying string theory( )22. The second paragraph in Passage 2 (line 28-31) primarily serves toA. analyze the steps required by a processB. assess the practicality of achieving an objectiveC. articulate the criteria required to meet a standardD. characterize the qualifications of practitionersE. describe the significant advancements of a discipline( )23. In line37, ―draw‖ most nearly meansA. sketchB. leadC. attractD. inferE. provoke( )24. Both authors would agree with which statement about string theory?A. Through its development, important technological advances have taken place.B. In its current state, the explanations it provides are ultimately incomplete.C. It is unlikely that it will ever provide an encompassing explanation.SECTION 5Time--25 minutes24 QuestionsDirections: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.Each sentence below has one or two banks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of word labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.Examples:Hoping to ----- the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be ----- to both labor and management.A. enforce…usefulB. end…divisiveC. overcome…unattractiveD. extend…satisfactoryE. resolve…acceptable( )1. Heckling during a political rally is so ----- that it surprises no one; the same behavior, however, is ----- when it is exhibited at a scientific conference.A. rare…shatteringB. commonplace…startlingC. revolting…unnervingD. trivial…meaninglessE. comical…bearable( )2. Steve was ----- by the intricacy of the ice crystals forming on his windowpane: he couldn’t take his eyes off them.A. edifiedB. troubledC. enervatedD. emboldenedE. captivated( )3. The experiment did not yield the decisive ----- that the scientist had hoped for; instead, the findings were only of ----- significance.A. outcome…nominalB. results…influentialC. conclusion…distinctD. sources…astronomicalE. risks…questionable( )4. NASA engineer Gloria Yamauchi uses ----- approach to research, in that it draws on physics, aerodynamics, mathematics, and other fields.A. a self-evidentB. an interdisciplinaryC. a simplisticD. an economicalE. an impractical( )5. Less confident employees tend to be ----- about asking for a pay increase, preferring to wait for their supervisors to raise the issue.A. volubleB. presumptuousC. reticentD. penitentE. tenaciousThe passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer of the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.Question 6-9 are based on the following passages.Passage 1Liars may betray themselves through linguistic mistakes, but the main sources of betrayal are the emotions. Emotion reveals itself, sometimes in contradictory ways, in the voice, body, and face. Deceptions typically involve trying to conceal feelings that are inappropriate or trying to cover up the fear, guilt, and distress that may be provoked when one attempts to get away with a lie. When a person lies and has emotional investment in the situation, a perfect performance is hard to carry off. Nonverbal clues to deception leak out. What is surprising is that few people make use of these clues and thus liars go undetected.Passage 2Human beings are terrible lie detectors. In studies, subjects asked to distinguish truth from lies answer correctly approximately half the time. People are often led astray by an erroneous sense of how a liar behaves. ―People hold a stereotype of the liar –as tormented, anxious, and conscience-stricken,‖researchers Bella DePaulo and Charles Bond write. Clumsy deceivers are sometimes visibly agitated, but in general there is no such things as ―typical‖deceptive behavior. As DePaulo says, ―To be a good liar, you don’t need to know what behaviors really separate liars from truthtellers, but what behaviors people think separate them.‖( )6. Which best describes the relationship between the passages?A. Passage 1 discusses lying from a moral stance, whereas Passage 2 examines it from a legal viewpoint.B. Passage 1 views lying as a skill that is learned, whereas Passage 2 considers it an instinctive impulse.C. Passage 1 claims that lying is characterized by certain distinctive behaviors, whereas Passage 2 largely rejects that notion.D. Passage 1 takes a scientific approach to lying, whereas Passage 2 discusses it from an anecdotal perspective.E. Passage 1 focuses on the effects of lying, whereas Passage 2 examines its causes.( )7. Lines 1, Passage 1 (―Liars may…emotions‖), and lines 10-11, Passage 2 (―Clumsy…behavior‖), both contain instances ofA. simileB. paradoxC. euphemismD. qualificationE. understatement ( )8. The author of Passage 2 would most likely describe the claim about ―fear, guilt, and distress‖ (lines 3, Passage 1) as aA. conventional but inaccurate perceptionB. plausible theory that my prove to be correctC. misconception of little significanceD. nonstandard view that is based on faulty scienceE. widespread and well-substantiated belief( )9. Lines 11-12 (―As…them‖) suggest that Bella DePaulo would most likely maintain that Passage 1A. overlooks the behavior patterns of those who tell the truthB. presents the very misconceptions that people often have about liarsC. offers a perceptive psychological analysis of liars’ deceptive behaviorsD. takes an overly sympathetic view of deceptive behaviorE. overemphasizes the role of linguistic patterns in lyingQuestion 10-15 are based on the following passages.This passage, adapted from a 1983 biography, discusses Frida Kahlo (1907-1954), a Mexican painter. Known for her distinctive artistic style, her flamboyant dress, and her tumultuous life, Kahlo endured numerous health problems and emotional upheavals, many of which are depicted in her paintings.It was not bohemian casualness that prompted Frida Kahlo to choose for her wedding dress the borrowed clothes oflinks between dress and self-image, and between personal style and painting style, formed one of the subplots in the unfolding drama of her life.For Kahlo the elements of her dress were a kind of palette from which she selected each day the image of herself that she wished to present to the world. Wearing Tehuana costumes was part of Kahlo’s self-creation as a legendary personality intimately connected to her native land. Y et while she was definitely playing a role, hers was an authentic artifice. She did not change her personality to fit the image she presented; rather, she invented a highly individualistic personal style to dramatize the personality that was already there.Indeed, Kahlo’s Tehuana costume became so essential a part of her persona that several time she painted it devoid of its owner. The costume served as a stand-in for herself, a second skin never totally assimilated to the person hidden under it but so integral to her that even when it was taken off, it retained something of the wearer’s being. Clearly Kahlo knew of the magic power of clothes to substitute for their owner; in her diary, she wrote that the Tehuana costume made ―the absent portrait of only one person‖– her absent self.Always a form of social communication, as the years passed Kahlo’s costumes became an antidote to isolation; even when she was very ill and received few visitors, she dressed every day as if she were preparing for a fiesta. As her self-portraits confirmed her existence, so did the costumes make the frail, often bedridden woman feel more magnetic and visible, more emphatically present as a physical object in space. Paradoxically, they were both a mask and a frame. Since they defined the wearer’s identity in terms of appearance, they distracted her – and the onlooker – from inner pain. The elaborate packaging was an attempt to compensate for her sense of fragmentation and dissolution. Ribbons, flowers, jewels, and sashes became more and more colorful and elaborate as her health declined late in life. In a sense, Kahlo was like a Mexican piñata: she was a fragile vessel decorated with frills and ruffles, and just as blindfolded children swing at the piñata with a broomstick, life dealt Kahlo below after blow. While the piñata dances and sways, the knowledge that it is about to be destroyed makes its bright beauty all the more poignant. In the same way, Kahlo’s decoration was touching; it was at once affirmation of her love of life and a signal of her awareness – and defiance – of life’s troubles.( )10. The passage primarily serves toA. refute a popular belief about modern paintersB. discuss the critical response to an important artist’s workC. evaluate the artistic techniques of a well-known painterD. analyze a method of self-expression for a noted artistE. provide a comprehensive biography of a famous painter( )11. The first sentence of the passage primarily serves toA. support a prevailing opinionB. describe a provocative theoryC. dispel a potential misconceptionD. delineate an ongoing problemE. offer a tentative solution( )12. The reference to a nun in line 3 primarily serves to suggest Kahlo’sA. pious humilityB. worldly renunciationC. intellectual rigorD. personal selflessnessE. enthusiastic devotion( )13. In lines 8-9 (―Y et…artifice‖), the author indicated that playing a role canA. be a complex, almost incomprehensible masqueradeB. be a form of sincere self-expressionC. dramatize the individual’s historyD. conceal embarrassing secretsE. alter the personality of the role player( )14. The reference to ―a mask and a frame‖ (lines 19) indicates that Kahlo’s costumesA. communicated Kahl o’s inner feelings to othersB. mystified people studying Kahl o’s workC. could not be separated from Kahlo’s actual paintings( )15. The passage indicated that ―Ribbons, flowers, jewels, and sashes‖ (line 21-22) became more elaborate toA. contrast with Kahlo’s artistic austerityB. enhance the imagery in Kahlo’s self-portraitsC. counterbalance Kahl o’s increasing frailtyD. showcase Kahlo’s success as an artistE. express Kahlo’s enthusiasm for adornmentsQuestion 16-24 are based on the following passages.This passage is adapted from the autobiographical account of a journalist traveling through Africa to research chimpanzees.Our walk through the forest was like a journey through an extended underground cavern. We wound through obscure passages, out into small openings or great rooms, and then tunneled back into winding passageways. Toward the end of the afternoon, we followed what seemed to be a large movement of chimpanzees into one great open room in the forest, relatively clear except for columns of nut trees. Soon about a dozen chimps were hammering away, using log hammers on log or root anvils.We had entered a factory, but it was also a nursery. I turned to watch a mother playing with her infant, tickling his toes with playful little nibbles and then looking into his laughing face and eyes with the most amazing gaze of adoration. Elsewhere, three adult females had situated themselves in a tree and were kissing and tickling an infant, who writhed with apparent pleasure. Suddenly, their faces, which had taken on remarkable glowing expressions of adoration, registered in my mind as entirely comprehensible. I was looking at intelligent faces experiencing an emotion I could only imagine to be love.One commentator has said that the big difference between humans and chimps (intelligent though those apes may be) is that humans can invent great wonders of technology. ―I considered the difference between men and animals,‖ this person wrote. ―Some were vast. A chimpanzee could be taught to drive a car. It could even be taught to build parts of it. But it could not begin to design it…. Our intellect is incomparably more sophisticated than (that of) any animal. One hears this sort of argument often, and, to my mind, it is mere self-stroking puffery. Could you or I begin to design a car? Has any single human actually designed a car? Could any one person abandoned at birth on a desert island somewhere –without pictures, communication, education, or artifacts –even invent a tricycle or a child’s kite or a mousetrap? Obviously not. Left at birth on a desert island, you and I and that commentator would be lifting and dropping chunks of wood or rounded stones onto hard nuts – and be glad we figured that one out.‖The great accomplishment of Homo sapiens is not technology, which has become bigger and scarier than we are, a mixed blessing. The great accomplishment is language, which has enabled us to accumulate and coordinate our achievements, insights, and minicreations. Our big technologies are collective efforts, cultural products, all and always made possible by language. Even the supposed ―milestones‖ of technological advancement—the use of movable type, to take one example—were collective events. Johannes Gutenberg(1) didn’t think up movable type whole, in an isolated stroke of genius. His partner was a goldsmith; his father was a mint employee, entirely familiar with soft metals. Printing presses were all around Europe by then. Gutenberg’s great genius was to assemble, revise, and modify already long-established traditions in metallurgy, goldsmithing, and woodblock printing, not to mention papermaking and press design.Our one great accomplishment is language, but our great hope is the internal compass that may enable us to guide ourselves and our technological powers into the future: our glowing capacity for valuing our own kind and for at least some empathy beyond our kind. The hand lifting and dropping the stone is less impressive than the eye that gazed with love.(1)Gutenberg’s typesetting process made the mass production of text possible.( )16. It can be inferred that ―chimps‖ mentioned in line 4 areA. using simple tools to crack open nutsB. expressing themselves by making a lot of noiseC. taking out their aggressions on the nut trees。
2010年全国各地高考英语试题下载-北京卷[Word解析版]
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绝密★使用完毕前2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)本试卷共15页，共150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解(共三节，30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What does the man want to be in the future?A. A soldier.B. A lawyer.C. A teacher.2. What does the girl want?A. Sweets.B. Books.C. Pencils.3. When did the two speakers plan to meet Jane?A. At2:00.B. At2:15.C. At2:30.4. what will the woman do tonight?A. Go to the park.B. Play basketball.C. Work at a bookstore.5. what is the woman doing?A. Offering help.B. Asking for information.C. Making an introduction.第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)听下面4段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Where do the two speakers work?A. At a store.B. At a hotel.C. At a school.7. Where does the woman come from?A. Brazil.B. Australia.C. Singapore.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
真题2010年高考试题 英语(上海秋季)(解析版)
2010年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷后二位校验码号码考生注意：1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页）两部分。
全卷共13页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
2. 答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名和准考证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。
3. 第I卷（1-16小题，25-80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第17-24小题、81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with答案：B考点：考察介词的用法解析：，根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。
26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours答案：C考点：此题考查复合形容词解析：数词+连字符+名词的用法,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。
2010年上海高考英语真题试卷(word解析版,含听力原文)
绝密★启用前2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第一卷（共105分）Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection A1．A．A shop assistant.. B．A dentist C．An cloarician. D．A bank clerk. 2．A．The exam score.. B．The world news. C．A soccer match.. D．A basketball team. 3．A．At a post office. B．At a flower shop.C．At a department store. D．At a bus station.4．A．5 hours. B．7 hours. C．9 hours. D．10 hours. 5．A．Tim’s not seriously injured.B．Tim will get to the hospital quickly.C．The woman’s heard all about Tim’s i llness.D．The woman doesn’t know how Tim is now.6．A．She isn’t in the mood to travel. B．France is too far for family holiday.C．Family holiday no longer interests her. D．She has had too many holidays this year. 7．A．The cost was reasonable. B．The cost was unbelievably high.C．She likes the hotel. D．She will stay overnight. 8．A．Disappointment B．Disapproval. C．Sympathy. D.Passion.9．A．The man is too forgetful. B．The man shouldn’t get annoyed.C．The man has too many keys. D．The man should attend more lessons. 10．A．He wants to live in apartments. B．He thinks his signature is unnecessary.C．He has already signed a contract. D．He does n’t always say what he means. Section B11．A．White masters. B．African slaves. C．Native dancers. D．Sport trainers. 12．A．Having kung fu experience. B．Being able to sing and play music.C．Wearing a green belt. D．Being strong and able to balance well. 13．A．He uses his hands to keep the balance. B．He dos es contact with his opponent.C．He is kicked by his opponent. D．He is pu shed out of the circle.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14．A．Great guests and talk to hotel staff.B．Have breakfast and examine room service.C．Prepare for the meeting and write new reports.D．Review the previous night’s reports and check emails.15．A．Saying hello to every guest. B．Considering different bath requirements.C．Dining with a different staff member. D．Holding various operational meetings. 16．A．A day’s life of a hotel manager. B．The daily routine at a hotel.C．Hotel service and improvement. D．Meetings attended by a hotel massager. Section CDoctor’s NotesDr.B.HallPatient’s name: Mr. _____17_____Symptoms: Awful 18 and a terrible coughTemperature: 19Doctor’s suggestion: One spoonful of cough 20 every 4 hours for the next five days.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What does the man ask the woman to do? To 21 .What does Iaml Wyndham write? 22 .Because they hope to start 23 . Why do the main characters in the story join agroup of people?Between people and 24 . Between whom w ill there be some conflict in thestory?П. Grammar and vocabulary.Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B,C and Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend onA. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves28. Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had29. - Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.- Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustn'tC. shouldD. shouldn't30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelledthe local market.A. longer thanB. more thanC. as much asD. as far as31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD. is being restored32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding33. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problemB. What a serious problemC. However serious a problemD. What serious a problem35. the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers knowA. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which39. our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.A. UntilB. Unless C If D. After40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduceSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word moreA. additionalB. producingC. regularD. predictedE. identifiedE atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increaseForests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ___41 .Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be 42 to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant 43 in atmospheric CO2,he said."We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them," Dr Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in 44 the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr Parker and his colleagues have 45 out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) 46 basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing 47 tons of wood each year.The scientists _ 48 _ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had 49 from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 .What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, wh en Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. 52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing proc ess, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to 57 . topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 . Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions, inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. tra ining59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. finalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For e ach of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village whe re they ran for safety. That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. Thevillagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called toguide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .A. get long lasting excitementB. keep both man and elephants safeC. send them back to the jungleD. make the angry elephants tame66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .A. she spent her time hunting with her fatherB. she learned how to sing love songsC. she had already been called an elephant princessD. she was taught how to hunt tigers67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.A. they are caught and sent for heavy workB. illegal hunters capture them and kill themC. they are attacked and their land gets limitedD. dogs often bark at them and chase them68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacksB. the man-elephant relationship is getting worseC. elephant tamers are in short supplyD. dogs are as powerful as elephants(B)The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper.It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, "Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.69. The research paper published is primarily concerned withA. the way of preventing employee turnoverB. methods of improving employee performanceC. factors affecting employee turnover and performanceD. pay structures based on employee performance70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .A. the data analysis is hardly reliableB. the research sample is not wide enoughC. the findings are of no practical valueD. the research method is out-of-date71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?A. Job hunters.B. Employees in blue-chip companies.C. Mid-level managers.D. Researchers on employee turnover.(C)The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London."The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a so lar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.72. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers toduring the 2012 Olympics.A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torchB. the collapse of broadcasting systemsC. the transportation breakdown in LondonD. the destruction of weather satellites73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _ _A. take images of the solar systemB. provide early warning of thunderstormsC. keep track of solar activitiesD. improve the communications on Earth75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Solar Storms: An Invisible KillerB. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in DangerC. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human RaceD. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be TroubledSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for eachA. Drug overuse and its consequenceB. The problem of drug overuse in AmericaC. Benefits of medicine and its wise useD Female drug overuse with reference to that of malesE Misuse of medicine among the young generationF. Improper use of medicine among senior citizens76 .Nowadays. millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.77.NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible.78.Nevertheless. overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women. 79.Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.80.Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged overIn general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillisers, stimulants and sedatives.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)，but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the c urriculum,the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. In the new P.E. program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than __82. As for P.E., some school boards either83. What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?84. What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: T ranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、这本杂志花了我20多元。
SAT 真题(清晰无水印)2009.05 解析
Critical Reading Written by ivymewcocktail曾经有过Part OneSC第一句：Rebecca knew that to finish…1．Aand前后意思相同，从后半句“学着下定决心（make up her mind）”知Rebecca为完成课题要克服犹豫不决（indecision）的习惯2．C由冒号知前后两句应为相互支持和解释的关系，将选项一个个代入只有C能使两句相互支持，150多年后依然在被阅读（reading），因此是一部长久（enduring）的女性小说3．E根据逗号后面二者相互依靠对方的资源知二者形成的军事经济联盟（alliance）4．A冒号句，后半句解释前面，由“gullibility was remarkable”知Jason易受骗，会相信（trust/believe）最离谱的断言；保留A和E，所以他非常容易受骗（dupe）而不是被模仿（imitate），因此选A5．A因果关系，因为物理学家因喜欢不停问问题而著名，前文应认为好奇是科学禀性的精华（essense）或标志（hallmark），保留A和D；又因其爱问题（也就是好奇），所以被看作这种科学精神的化身（incarnation），而不是敌人（adversary），因此选A6．B因为现如今一些音乐美化非法生活方式，所以它们腐蚀（erode）了基本社会价值7．Bbut转折关系，许多人相信鹦鹉能理解它发出的词，但科学家认为它不具备这种认知（cognitive）的能力8．E冒号句，后半句解释前句空格词，根据后半句，因为每一句话都以必要形式强化了中心思想，所以文章里没有东西是多余（superfluous）的Short Passage(暂缺)Long Passage13.C通过她的自我叙述揭示了一个人物的个性。
实际上本文就讲了一个比较特立独行比较变态的女人。
A 注意是“考古家们”，本文的主人公只有作者。
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Critical ReadingWritten by smile微笑NaiveLovelcovkemushroom7Part OneSC1.Heckling during a political rally is so_____that it surprise no one; the same behavior, however,is____when it is exhibited at a scientific conference.（1）首先从前半句中so…that结构可以看出“________”填空部分应该和“surprise no one”保持一致，所以可以排除A.rare(珍贵罕见的) .C.revolting(使人厌恶的) ical(可笑的)，剩下B D（2）转折关系由 “ however”可以看出分号前后成相反的两部分。
所以后面的填空应该是个和“surprise no one”相反概念的词。
由此可以选出B（令人震惊的）排除D.meaningless(毫无意义的).2.冒号“：”表明后半部分解释前半句。
从后半句“couldn’t take his eyes”可以看出Steve被“theintricacy of the ice crystals”吸引住了，由此可以选出相近意思的E.captivated（strongly attracted）3．由“instead”可以看出分号前后部分为相反内容，即后面一空中的应该是与“decisive”相反的词。
排除 B.influential（有影响力的）C.distinct(截然不同的，清晰的) D.astronomical （极大的，天文的）。
另外因为与后半部分对应，前面yield的应该也是个类似finding的词。
由此选出A4. 后半部分解释是怎么样的“approach”。
由此看出前面应该是个指“多方面，多样的”的词。
得出B.interdisciplinary（各学科间的）排除A.self-evident(不言而喻的)C.simplistic（过分简单的）D.economical（节约的，简洁的）E．impractical（不实用的）5. 后半句说明前半句的情况，从“prefer to wait for supervisor to raise the issue”说明“lessconfident”的雇员希望领导给他们涨工资而不愿意自己去要求涨工资。
从而得出“___ ”应该是个表达”不愿意自己去说”的词,排除 A.voluble(爱说话的),得出 C.reticent（沉默不语的）.Short PassagePassage1 讲的是一个传统的观念，即说谎会通过神情表现出来，而passage2 则对passage1 进行了反驳，认为这只是人们这么“认为”，但并不是说谎都可以通过神情来判断6、(C) 根据文章分析，passage1是提出一个观念，而passage2 是进行驳斥7、（D）前后两句话都是前面表达了一个比较广泛的意思后面specific了一下因此是限定qualification8、（A）因为passage1中提到的说谎的体现被passage2视为是传统而错误的，所以选A，不选C的原因是因为of little significance并没有明确提到9、（B）还是根据文章的主旨理解。
E错的原因在于linguistic并不是passage1的重点，见第一句。
Long Passage10、（D）这篇文章主要就是记叙了Frida Kahlo这位画家如何用服饰来表达自己的内心。
E 不对是因为comprehensive这个词，文章只是讲了一个方面，并没有全面地叙述11、（C）从It was not ….可以看出，第一句话是用来消除一个误解的12、（E）从nun 和fever可以看出，K所拥有的是一种近乎宗教的狂热13、（B）从authentic可以看出，playing a role并不是一种掩饰，相反的，是一种真诚的表达14、（E）这里的they指代的是前文中的self-portrait。
从文义可以看出，尽管K已经十分潦倒，但是她的画愈发的华丽，可以看出这是和她的真实情况成对比的。
15、（C）与14题原因相同，这些饰品是与她的真实情况相反的16、（A）从原句中的hammer、anvil等词可以很明显地看出它们是在使用工具17、（C）factory是生产的地方，所以作者用factory一词就是说明黑猩猩们是会合作劳动的18、（B）从前后文可以看出，作者认为关于人类智慧的说法是过分夸大的，人类其实和动物的差别并不在创造力上面，因此是自大的19、（E）与上题一样20、（B）从bigger and scarier than we are可以看出，technology在作者看来是被夸大的21、（A）见which has enabled us to accumulate and…our achievements, insights, and minicreations22、（C）从supposed一词的词义就可以看出，作者对提到的观点是持有怀疑的态度的23、（D）无论是internal compass还是10-20行提到的nursery，都是表现出的一种情感的交流24、（E）hand代表的是技术，eye代表的是情感，加上整篇文章关注的就是技术和情感Part TwoSC1. Unsuccessful in her first campaighs, Barbara Jordan ____,eventually becoming the first Black woman elected to the Texas State Senate.填空中应该是Barbara在“Unsuccessful in her first campaighs”后做了“_____”，然后可以引出了后面的结果。
所以做的内容和结果的逻辑应该是一致的。
从结果中Barbara选举成功可以得出“_____”应该是个积极正面的词，即A。
并由此排除负面的词B.gloated（贪婪的，幸灾乐祸的）D.despaired（绝望的）以及无关的词C.retired（退休的）D.hesitated（犹豫的）2 冒号“：”表明后半部分解释前半句。
所以“become asthmatic”和“problem”对应；“____”和“children who wash frequently”相对应，即“cleanliness”3. 前后分句是因果关系。
另外and后的填空应该和believable是并列关系，同时“next to news reports”和最后的空格是相对应的意思，即positoning（指next to news reports这种位置）。
所以是D4. Since后面解释了“it is unlikely that he intended to ___the article”这个行为的原因是“文章从自传中引用”，非“plagiarize”。
另外despite表面前后转折关系，即accusation”针对的是“____the aritcle”的行为。
综上得出是plagiarize article，所以选C5. 冒号“：”表明后半部分解释前半句。
所以选项中的两个词应该是相近意思的词。
后半句中可以看出Ralph唯一还在创作中的手稿在火灾中遭受了“_____”（后半空格的内容）是“a written manuscript”的一个“________”的特点。
由此可以看出D项符合逻辑：Ralph唯一还在创作中的手稿在火灾中遭受了“破坏”（后半空格的内容）是“a written manuscript”的一个“缺点”（易被破坏）6. 冒号“：”表明后半部分解释前半句。
所以“great resolve”和第一个空是相对应（determined），“no illusion”与第二个空相对应“realistic”7. 冒号“：”表明后半部分解释前半句。
“filthy”和“dilapidated”与“____”近义，表明condition。
所以答案A.squalid(污秽的, 不洁的, 邋遢的)8. despite表面分号前后相反。
即书的标题和内容不一样，标题是“表面性的”=ostensiblyShort Passage9、（B）这个段落讲的是一位女音乐家在采访时所做的回答，阐明了她对于自我的定位，因而可以看出是这位音乐家的一种自我的认识10、（A）从Rhian Samuel 的回答中可以看出，她强调自己最重要的身份不是一个Welsh而是一位女性，所以国籍并不是最重要的11、（B）作者在文中反复强调了她不想让女儿知道的原因，她内心的活动啊什么的，因而可以看出作者是十分谨慎的12、（C）斜体字标出来的部分并不是作者自己的想法，而是她认为她的子女会对她重回大学所做出的反应Long passage13、（D）passage1 的作者带有很明显的乐观的倾向，而passage2 的作者则在质疑花这么大的精力投入在弦理论的研究上的合理性14、（A）从passage2可以看出，作者作者并不认为对于string theory的研究会炒成结果15、（D）依旧看作者的态度，passage2 的作者并不认为对string theory的研究会有结果产生16、（B）19世纪的祖先在面对没有操作说明的超级电脑的时候是无法充分发挥它的功能的，因此前面一句话中的modern physicists也是无法来充分的认识和利用string theory17、（D）与后面的starts和sometimes…sometimes…对照来看，这里的fits表达的是一种偶然的发现的意思18、（E）path前面的zigzag是曲折的意思，因此科学的发展是indirect的19、（C）从one should try sth else可以看出，作者认为科学家们应该把精力投入到别的事情上20、（D）这一段是对研究的投入（more than …）和结果（not led to a single testable experimental prediction of theory）的对比21、（E）从14-18可以看出，passage1 的作者认为尽管string theory的理论研究过于复杂，但是实验已经提供了有力的支持。
因此passage2 中所提到的not led ….theory是情有可原的22、（C）passage2 的第二段说的是怎样的科学才能被称之为真正的科学，因此是阐明了满足一个标准的要求23、（D）draw lesson from blabla circumstance 即从。