英语冠词导学案

专题（二）高考冠词考点完全归纳

冠词是高考中的常考点，本文将从1980年以来的26年的高考冠词考题进行分析归纳，得出只考查了以下几个方面，现整理出来，让同学们知道，高考中对冠词的考查究竟考了些什么，是怎样考的；另外，对未曾考查但今后又有可能考查的用法，笔者给予了提示。

一、a与an的用法区别

a用于辅音前；an用于元音前。一般说来，元音字母发元音，辅音字母发辅音。但需请注意以下3点：

(1) 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词

hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。

【真题再现】I have been waiting for him for ______hour and a half. (1980全国)

A. the

B. a

C. an

D. whole

(2) 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词

useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用a。

【真题再现】Five years ago her brother was ____university student of ___physics. (1990上海)

A. a; the

B. an; the

C. an; /

D. a; /

(3) 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题

在26个英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的。

【真题再现】Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped __“m”here. (89上海)

A. an

B. the

C. /

D. a

二、不定冠词的主要用法

1. 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示泛指某类人或事物中的一个或任一个，意为“一个/位/座/项/段/次……”。

【真题再现】(1)The Wilsons live in _____A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____17th century cottage. (2004浙江)

A. the , /

B. an, the

C. /, the

D. an, a

(2)Jumping out of ______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ___exciting experience. (02全国)

A. 不填; the

B. 不填; an

C. an; an

D. the; the

2. 表示“(数量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”。

【真题再现】(1)I earn 10 dollars ____hour as ____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (03上海)

A. a ; an

B. the ; a

C. an; a

D. an; the

(2)Mrs. Tailor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting －she has won two national prizes. (2005浙江)

A. a, a

B. an, the

C. an, a

D. the, a

3. 用于作表语或作as的宾语的职业或身份的名词前。

【真题再现】When he left _____college, he got a job as _____reporter in a newspaper office. (2004天津)

A. 不填；a

B. 不填；the

C. a; the

D. the ; the

三、定冠词的主要用法

1. 定冠词the的基本用法，即表示特指，相当于this(这), that(那), these(这些), those(那些)。包括指上文提到过的人或事物，或者双方都知道的人或事物。

【真题再现】(1)—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard.

—You shouldn’t put drinks near ________ computer. (2006北京)

A. the; 不填

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. a; a

(2)Don’t worry if you can’t come to ______ party.

——I’ll save ______ cake for you. (2006浙江)

A. the; some

B. a; much

C. the; any

D. a; little

2. 用于“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的”那一个人或事物。

【真题再现】Of the two sisters, Betty is ______ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽)

A. a younger

B. a youngest

C. the younger

D. the youngest

3. 用于单数可数名词前表示某类事物的整体。

【真题再现】Alexander Graham Bell invented _____telephone in 1876. (1991全国)

A.不填

B. a

C. the

D. one

4. 用于介词短语中的方位名词前。

【真题再现】Summer in ____south of France is for _____most part dry and sunny. (2000京春)

A. /, a

B. the, /

C. /, /

D. the, the

5. 用于最高级形容词或副词前。

【真题再现】Of all ______reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was ______ most important one. (2006辽宁)

A. the; a

B. 不填；a

C. 不填; the

D. the; the

6. 用于play后的西洋乐器名词前。

【真题再现】After watching _____TV, she played ______violin for an hour. (1991全国)

A. 不填, 不填

B. the, the

C. the, 不填

D. 不填, the

注意：在象erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前，就不用冠词。

7. 用于“the +逢十的复数基数词”前表示年代。

【真题再现】It is not rare in _____that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education. (1999上海)

A. 90s; the

B. the 90s; /

C. 90s; their

D. the 90s; their

8. 用于“the+比较级，the+比较级”(越……就越……)句型中。

【真题再现】It is believed that _____ you work, _____result you'll get. (1993上海)

A. the harder; the better

B. the more hard; the most better

C. the harder; a better

D. more hard; more better

9. 用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构中表示计量单位，意为“按/以……(卖/租/付款)”，常与buy, sell, rent, charge等动词连用。

【真题再现】As a rule, the workers are paid ______.(2004上海春)

A. by the hour

B. by hour

C. by an hour

D. by hours

注意：在by weight(按重量)中不用the。

10. 用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位或衣着”中：用于该句型的动词常常是表示“打、抓、牵、拉、拍、踢”等之类的动词。

【真题再现】A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____ leg. (2001上海)

A. a

B. one

C. the

D. his

四、零冠词的主要用法(即不用冠词的情况)

1. 复数可数名词表示泛指和不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。

【真题再现】(1)The sign reads "In case of ______fire, break the glass and push ______red button." (2003全国)

A. 不填；a

B. 不填；the C the; the D. a; a

(2)Everywhere man has cut down ______ forests in order to grow crops, or to use _____ wood as fuel or as building material. (2006重庆25)

A. the; the

B. the; /

C. /；the

D. /；/

2.学科名词前不用冠词。

【真题再现】She is _____ newcomer to _____chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. (1994全国)

A. the; the

B. the; 不填

C. a; 不填

D. a; the

注：下列3种情况虽未曾考过，但仍需注意：

(1)球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词。如play football踢足球。

(2)在某些独立主格结构中。如：

The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。

(3)在表示“变成”的turn后作表语的名词不用冠词。如：

He will never turn traitor. 他绝不会成为叛徒。

五、有关冠词使用的疑难问题

1. 序数词前冠词的使用问题：强调顺序时用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而是表示在原来的基础上增加，即“又，还，再”时，用不定冠词。如：

【真题再现】The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____third one because _____second one is rather too small. (2002上海春)

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. the; a

2.专有名词前的冠词使用问题：一般不用冠词，如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词：

①“the＋姓氏复数”：表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”。

【真题再现】—Who did you spend last weekend with?

—______. (1998上海)

A. Palmer’s

B. The Palmers’

C. The Palmers

D. The Palmer’s

②“a(n)+人名”：表示“……式的人物”或“(有)一个名叫……的人”。

【真题再现】—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t ______Mr. Smith here. (2006全国I)

A.不填

B. a

C. the

D. one

③由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the。

【真题再现】(4)According to ______World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent ______spread of AIDS. (2006陕西)

A. the; 不填

B. the; the

C. a; a

D. 不填; the

4. 物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题：一般不用冠词，但特指时要用the。

【真题再现】I know you don’t like _______ music very much. But what do you think of

_______ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全国II)

A. /; /

B. the; the

C. the; /

D. /; the

注：有的抽象名词具体化后，前面要加不定冠词。如a surprise一件预料之外的事，a pity /shame (一件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，a time(一段时间)。

【真题再现】There was _____time _____I hated to go to school. (2004湖北)

A. a, that

B. a, when

C. the, that

D. the, when

解析：前者指“一段时间”用a time；后者是定语从句，代表先行词并在定语从句中作时间

状语，用when引导。答案是B。

5. 表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用问题：一般不用冠词，但特指时用the；表示某个，或者受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a/an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)。

【真题再现】I can't remember when exactly the Rohinsons left _____city. I only remember it was_____ Monday. (2005湖南)

A. the, the

B. a, the

C. a, a

D. the, a

6. 独一无二的事物名词前冠词的使用问题：像world, earth, sun, moon, sky, universe等独一无二的事物名词前通常不用冠词，但前面有形容词修饰，表示“一个……的……”时，用不定冠词。

【真题再现】(2)It is ____world of wonders, ___world where anything can happen. (2004福建)

A. a, the

B. a, a

C. the, a

D. /, /

注意：表示三餐的名词前通常不用冠词，但特指时用the，有定语修饰时，可用a/an。如：After ______quick breakfast, she went to school by ______bike.

A. a, a

B. the, a

C. a, /

D. /, /。

冠词强化练习题

一、汉译英

1.桌上有只苹果。

2.马是有用的动物。

3.我们一两天就回来。

4.帮助别人是一种乐趣。（pleasure）

5.她又两个孩子：一个男孩和一个女孩。男孩的名字叫杰克，女孩的名字叫玛丽。

6.太阳从东方升起，西方落下。（rise,set）

7.她女儿的钢琴弹得很好。

二、单句改错：

1.There is a “s”in the word “island”.

2.Oh, John. What pleasant surprise you gave us.

3.He felt someone hit him on his head when he was listening to the radio.

4.Most of students have studied English in our school.

5.This boy is cleverer of the two.