高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习课堂讲解1

高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes 知识点讲解和练习课堂讲解一、知识讲授1、In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst .（1）爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。

(2)猛冲；突然出现He burst into the room without knocking.【拓展】burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭2、It seemed as if the world was at an end!【短语归纳】与end 搭配的常用短语：come to an end vi.结束（用作谓语） bring/put sth.to an end vt.结束；制止 at the end of 在…尽头（末）（指时间或空间） by the end of 到…末为止（现在完成时连用） by the end of last...（与过去完成时连用） by the end of next...（用于将来完成时）in the end 最后，终于（作状语）on end 连续to the end 到底without end 没完没了的【随堂练习】用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end 填空。

（1）How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?（2）He became an outstanding doctor ___________.（3）My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.4.、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.（1）n. 残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数）The city lay in ruins after years of bombing.（2）v. 毁灭；使破产The hurricane ruined all the houses here.【拓展】be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭5、Two -thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.【辨析】injury ，hurt ，harm 与wound6、Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(1) n.援救，营救The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.（2）v. 救援；拯救He rescued a boy from drowning.【拓展】rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把···从···营救出来come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务rescue workers 救援人员【随堂练习】用rescue的适当形式填空（1）The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.（2）The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.7、…that hot water give out .（1）分发；发出Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street.The red radiator gives out a lot of heat.（2）用尽My money will give out soon.【归纳总结】give out分发；发出；用尽give sth.away赠送；颁发；泄露give back归还；恢复give in呈上；投降，屈服，认输give off发出，放出give over停止，中止give up放弃give on to/onto sth.朝向，面向；通向8、Your speech was heard by a group of five jueges,all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(1) n.裁判员；法官；审判员His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。

(2) v. 判断；断定Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。

【拓展】judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过…判断…as far as I judge 我认为…judging from…从…来看，根据…判断【随堂练习】用与judge相关的词汇填空（1）______his appearance, he must be a rich man. （2）_______ , he must be from the south.二、语法讲解——定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词成为先行词。

定语从句一般位于先行词之后。

引导定语从句的有关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有：that, which, who(whom),whose和as；关系副词有：when,where, why。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

一、关系代词的用法1、关系代词which用来指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。

This is a book which tells about space rocket technology.（作主语）The letter which I received yesterday was from my brother.（作宾语）The hotel which I stayed in last month is over there.（作介词的宾语）2、关系代词that既可指物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

They live in a house that was built 200 years ago.（作主语）She is the girl that you saw in school.作宾语）Here is the car that I told you about.（作介词的宾语）注：that在句中作宾语时可省略，需要注意的是that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放到that之前，若要将介词提前，必须将that改成which或whom。

Here is the car about which I told you .Is he the man with whom you shook hands just now?3、关系代词who, whom指代人，在句中作主语或宾语。

Here comes the girl who wants to see you.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss music.4、whose表示“某人的”或“某物的”，是所有格作定语，后面必须带名词，且不能省略。

I'd like a room whose window looks out onto the sea.注：whose表示所属关系，可以用of which替代。

I live in the house whose windows face south.=I live in the house the windows of which face south.二、只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况：1、序数词（包括the last）或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。

Alice is the most diligent student that I have ever known.The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.This is the last bus that we can take.2、先行词被no,one of, every, the only, the very，the right, last, just所修饰时。

That's the very point that we should pay attention to.She is the only person that the old woman can depend on.3、先行词是不定代词（any, all, little, everything, nothing, something, anything, nobody, everybody等）。

There was little that he needed.Mr Brown has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation.4、先行词中既有人又有物时。

Then we talked about the things and persons that we remembered at school.5、疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复Which is the book that you like best?Who is the man that is standing at the gate?6、关系代词在定语从句中作to be 的表语时。

Tom isn’t the boy that he used to be.三、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况：1、引导非限制性定语从句。