中学教师资格认定考试(高级英语学科知识与教学能力)-试卷34

中学教师资格认定考试（高级英语学科知识与教学能力）-试卷
34
(总分：66.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)
1.Send out a______signal, the ship is sinking.
A.danger
B.hazard
C.rescue
D.distress √
解析：考查名词辨析。

danger“危险”；rescue“营救”；hazard“危险”；distress“危难”，distress signal是固定短语．意为“遇险信号，求救信号”。

故选D。

2.If you wait for the______ moment to act, you may never begin your project.
A.definitive
B.optimum √
C.implacable
D.righteous
解析：考查形容词辨析。

句意为“如果你总等待最佳行动时机，你将永远不会着手你的计划”。

definitive “明确的，最终的，决定性的”；optimum“最佳的，最适宜的”；implacable“(指仇恨、愤怒、敌意等)难平息的，不能改变的”；righteous“正直的，正义的”。

故选B。

3.He couldn't______his envy of me and his eyes turned green.
A.reveal
B.disclose
C.uncover
D.conceal √
解析：考查动词辨析。

reveal“显露”；disclose“打开”；uncover“解开”；conceal“隐藏”。

句意为“他无法隐藏对我的嫉妒，他眼睛都绿了”。

故选D。

4.Wise people will seek common interest,______the unwise will focus only on difference.
A.as
B.because
C.unless
D.while √
解析：考查连词。

句意为“智者求同，愚者求异”。

as“和……一样”；because“因为”，表示原因；unless “除非”，表示条件；while“然而”，表示对比。

故选D。

5.Have you seen the boys ______ "little apple"? That's such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eye______on it.
A.dancing; fixing
B.dance; fixing
C.dance; fixed √
D.to dance; fixed
解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意为“你看到那个男孩跳《小苹果》了么?那真是一个美丽的场景，美得我不敢直视”。

see sb．do sth．的结构，表示看过行为的全过程；see sb．doing sth．是强调看的时候某人正在做某事，这里用原形最为恰当。

因为眼睛没有自主意识，是人将眼睛的视角放在舞蹈上的，所以第二个空要用被动．have one’s eye fixed on sth．表示“某人的眼凝视在……上”。

故选C。

6.______ annoys me a great deal to hear people blaming everything. Why can't they just be a little more positive?
A.What
B.It √
C.That
D.As
解析：考查形式主语。

句意为“听到别人每件事都抱怨，我很烦。

为什么他们不能更积极一点呢?”it作为句子的形式主语，替代真正的主语to hear people blaming everything，故选B。

7.Which of the following words does not have consonant cluster?
A.spring
B.master √
C.test
D.stream
解析：考查辅音连缀。

辅音连缀是指在同一个音节内，有两个或两个以上的辅音音素结合在一起，并且在这些辅音中间没有元音的一种语音现象。

A项中[spr]为辅音连缀；C项中[st]为辅音连缀；D项中[str]为辅音连缀。

而B项中虽然[s]和[t]从表面上看是结合在了一起，但是根据发音可知，它们分别属于不同的两个音节．故B项中是没有辅音连缀的。

8.Which of the following words has the proper word stress?
A.e'conomic
B.'machinery
C.chimpan'zee √
D.'precarious
解析：考查单词重音。

根据单词重音规则，多音节单词一般在倒数第三个音节重读，所以machinery的重音所在的音节应为“chi”；以ic，ious结尾的单词的重音一般在倒数第二音节上，故economic的重音所在的音节应为“no”；precarious的重音所在音节应为“ca”；以ee结尾的单词重音往往在最后一个音节上，故chimpanzee的重音为“zee”。

故选C。

9.All words contain a______.
A.root morpheme √
B.bound morpheme
C.prefix
D.suffix
解析：考查形态学。

A选项是词根词素，词根(root)指的是一个不能再分，再分就会失去其本义的基本形式。

由这样的成分充当的词素叫作词根词素，其可以是自由词根词素，可以作为独立使用的词素；也可以是黏着词根词素。

则不能单独使用。

B选项是黏着词素，其指的是必须和至少一个自由或黏着词素一起出现的词素。

C项和D项是前缀和后缀，其指的是不能单独使用的词素。

根据题干的内容，可得知正确答案为A。

10.What is the relationship between "livestock" and "cattle"?
A.Homonymy.
B.Hyponymy. √
C.Polysemy.
D.Antonymy.
解析：考查词义关系。

“家畜”包括“牛”，它们属于上下义关系(Hyponymy)，故B正确。

Homonymy“同音／形异义”；Polysemy“一词多义”；Antonymy“反义关系”。

11.What should the teacher try to avoid when selecting listening activities?
A.The listening activity must have a real, communicative purpose.
B.The listening activity must cater to students' real life.
C.Pre-listening tasks must help students identify the purpose of the listening activity.
D.The classroom climate surrounding the listening activity can be anxious. √
解析：考查听力教学。

为保证听力活动的效果，课堂气氛应是轻松活跃的。

故选D。

12.Which of the following activities are not communicative activities in teaching speaking?
rmation gap activities.
B.Accuracy-focused games. √
C.Debates and interviews.
D.Problem-solving activities.
解析：考查口语教学。

口语教学有很多种活动，包括控制性活动、半控制性活动、交际性活动等。

交际性活动又包括很多，例如信息差活动、讨论、辩论、访谈、解决问题的活动、以流利性为导向的游戏等。

Accuracy-focused games属于控制性活动。

故选B。

13.Which aspect do students focus on when they learn the usage of vocabulary?
A.Spelling.
B.Lexical rules.
C.Collocation. √
D.Pronunciation.
解析：考查词汇教学。

当学生学习词汇的用法时，学生应注意词汇的搭配(collocation)、短语(phrases)、习语(idioms)、风俗(style)和语域(register)等，故选C。

A、B、D三个选项均属于词汇的信息(basicinformation)。

14.Which of the following activities is the best for training detailed reading?
A.Drawing a diagram to show the text structure.
B.Giving the text an appropriate title.
C.Transforming information from the text to a diagram. √
D.Finding out all the unfamiliar words.
解析：考查阅读训练活动。

选项中训练细读的最好办法就是将原文中的信息做成表格。

15.In the editing stage of a writing lesson, ______.
A.students mainly check their ideas and logical development
B.there are three forms: teacher editing, peer editing and self-editing
C.students can negotiate meaning and improve writing √
D.teachers shouldn't give any guidance
解析：考查写作教学过程。

在英语写作的修改环节，学生不仅检查写作思路，还要检查语法、拼写、标点等问题，所以A项错误；此环节主要包括互改和自改两种形式，所以B项错误；在此环节，学生可以商讨改进写作，所以C项正确；此环节虽然是学生起主动作用，但老师的指导作用也很有必要．所以D项错误。

16.For better classroom management, what should the teacher do while the students are doing activities?
A.Participating in a group.
B.Preparing for the next procedure.
C.Moving around to monitor, prompt students and provide help. √
D.Standing in front of the class.
解析：考查课堂管理。

学生小组活动时教师最好在教室里走动，监控活动完成情况，为学生提供帮助。

有必要时教师可以参与活动，但不宜过度，否则会影响到课程的管理。

17.Which of the following does NOT belong to the ways of collecting information for formative assessment?
A.Learner portfolio.
B.Testing. √
C.Classroom observation.
D.Questionnaire survey.
解析：考查教学评价。

测试属于终结性评价的方式。

学习者记录袋、课堂观察、问卷调查都属于形成性评价的方式。

18.Which of the following features is not involved in good textbooks?
A.Textbooks should help students feel at ease.
B.Textbooks should help students develop confidence.
C.Textbooks should maximize students' learning potential.
D.Textbooks should cater for students' same learning styles. √
解析：考查“好”教材应具备的特征。

好的教材，应该考虑到不同层次学生的需求，以及不同学生的学习风格，因此D项错误。

19.Methods of classroom assessment include teacher assessment, ______.
A.parents assessment and self-assessment
B.questionnaires and awards
C.moral assessment and quantitative surveys
D.self-assessment and peer assessment √
解析：考查课堂评估的方法。

课堂评估的方式包括教师评估、学生自评和学生互评等。

调查问卷、等级量表是课堂评估常用的评估工具。

parents assessment不属于课堂评估。

故答案选D。

20.What role is the teacher playing in the following activity? T: Do you have any hobbies? S: Yes, I like singing and dancing. T: Uhm, and ...? S: I also collect coins. T: Oh, really, how many ... have you already collected?
A.Prompter. √
B.Assessor.
anizer.
D.Controller.
解析：考查教师的角色。

此题目中针对学生的回答，教师义问了“Uhm，and…?”“Oh，really，howmany…?”，由此可知教师在引导学生多说一些。

所以在这里教师充当的是提示者的角色。

故选A。

二、简答题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
21.任务型教学法是新课标所倡导的一种教学方法。

请列举说明这种教学方法与传统的英语教学方法有什么不同，并简述英语教学中任务的设计应遵循的原则。

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(1)传统的英语教学多使用3P模式，即教师先呈现新知识，学生操练巩固所学知识，最后学生运用所学知识进行交际表达。

而任务型教学法是教师首先提出任务，学生执行完成任务，最后学生展示任务.二者的不同之处主要表现在以下几个方面：①教学目的不同。

传统教学方法注重语言知识的讲授，强调培养学生的读、写技能；而任务型教学法重视学生的情感因素，强调通过任务来实现对语言的认识和感知。

它不仅要求培养听、说、读、写等多种语言技能，更强调发展英语的综合运用能力。

②课堂情境不同。

传统教学方法通常是没有情境的语言学习，学生难以将所学的知识应用到生活中去。

而任务型教学法强调情境的真实性，设置的情境贴近学生的生活，鼓励学生在真实的情境中表达自己的真实情感，从而使各项语言技能在交际中得到综合提高。

③课堂活动不同。

传统教学中的各项活动均是练习某个语言项目的，教师先行讲解词汇、语法规则，然后由学生进行机械型的操练，教师的活动在整个过程中较为突出；而任务型教学的重点在于信息沟通，而不是语言形式，教学中常常是由学生先执行任务，任务结束后才由教师进行归纳性的总结，课堂上学生们的活动较为突出。

④评价方式不同。

传统型教学方法注重考查学生的记忆力，把语言知识考核的成绩作为衡量学生英语水平的主要依据。

为了让学生掌握正规的语言知识和形成良好的语言习惯，对学生的错误是有错必纠，导致学生不能积极地参与课堂的语言交流活动，从而影响了学习的效果。

相反，任务型教学法更注重语意的传达，对学生出现的语言错误采取宽容的态度，并寻找合适的机会给予纠正，鼓励学生大胆地运用语言表情达意，让学生在运用语言的过程中体验成功，获得自信。

(2)任务的设计一般应遵循下列原则：①任务应有明确的目的；②任务应具有真实意义，即接近现实生活中的各种活动：③任务应涉及信息的接收、处理和传递等过程；④学生应在完成任务的过程中使用英语；⑤学生应通过做事情完成任务；⑥完成任务后一般应有一个具体的成果。

)
解析：
三、教学情境分析题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
22.下面是某英语教师在阅读课English Around the World的教学片段。

T: Now, you will have 5 minutes to read the passage for the first time, and then I want you to tell me the different ideas in each paragraph, and then you need to answer the questions on the blackboard.(1)Why did English begin to be spoken in many other countries?(2)Do you know the background of Shakespeare?(3)Why can Indian people speak fluent English? You can read the passage now! 根据上面所给的信息，从下列三个方面作答：(1)该片段属于什么教学环节?教师的活动设计存在什么问题?该问题可能会导致什么负
面结果?(2)针对存在的问题提出相应的改进建议。

(3)谈谈你对读后环节的理解，以本实例为依据可以设置哪些读后活动?
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(1)该片段属于阅读课的读中环节。

在该教学片段中，教师在读中环节让学生们第一次阅读课文之后既要回答文章每段的大意还要回答一些细节的问题，没有很好地为学生分清层次。

学生在一遍阅读中很可能无法兼顾大意与细节，从而无法获取有效的信息，这不利于培养学生正确的阅读策略．也可能会影响学生阅读的积极性。

(2)一般我们在操作读中环节的时候都会分成两个部分，先是快速阅读(fast reading)，给学生们少量的时间，让学生快速读课文之后回答一些较为简单的问题，例如文章的主题是什么，大意是什么，或者简要归纳每段的段落大意等；之后是仔细阅读(careful reading)，这个时候再让同学们进行二次阅读，然后回答一些关于文章细节理解的问题。

(3)“读后活动”阶段的目的有两个，一是根据阅读内容进行的各种思维活动，二是鼓励学生将所阅读的内容与自己的经历、知识、兴趣和观点相联系。

因此可以设计如下活动：①对学生阅读过程表现的评估(如通过学生自我汇报的方式等)；
②对策略使用的评估(如组织学生就自己的阅读方式进行讨论等)：③对阅读质量的检查评估(如提问、书面检查等)；④依据所阅读的材料进行口头或笔头的练习(如角色扮演、大意复述、采访活动等)；⑤将阅读信息与材料外的信息相连(如换角色讲故事、模仿写作等)。

)
解析：
四、教学设计题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
23.设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语阅读教学方案。

该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：teaching objectivesteaching contentskey and difficult pointsmajor steps and time allocationactivities and justifications 教学时间：20分钟学生概况：某城镇普通高中一年级(第一学期)学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》五级水平。

学生课堂参与积极性一般。

语言素材：Body LanguageDebbie and Simon have part-time jobs at a travel agency. It is Saturday morning and they are sitting in the office. Debbie and Simon looked up as a well-dressed lady entered. The lady glanced at them both, then walked over to Debbie. Debbie greeted her cheerfully. "Hello," the lady said. "I want to go by train from ..." Simon sighed, Mr. Young, a senior employee, was standing beside him. "What' s up, Simon? You don' t look very happy." "The customers always prefer Debbie to me. I don't understand why.""I do. It's the way you communicate.""How can that be?" Simon asked. "I don't even get a chance to speak to them.""Speech is not the only method of communication. Your body language is important, too.""What kind of language is that?""It's the way you stand and sit. It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes. Your whole appearance communicates things. You often rest your head on our hand. You don' t look up. You never smile. So you don' t make a good impression on people.""But look at Debbie. She makes eye contact with the customers. She's holding her head up. She smiles, that's why the customers go to her and not to you."
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Teaching Contents: This passage introduces the opinion that body language plays a very important part in people's work and daily communication. Teaching Objectives: (1)Knowledge objective Students are able to understand the content and know the importance of body language. (2)Ability objective Students can improve the ability of communication as well as their reading skills. (3)Emotional objective Students will have the desire to use their body language to communicate with people in daily life. Teaching Key and Difficult Points: Students can use different reading strategies according to different reading purposes and know the importance of body language. Teaching Procedures: Step 1 Pre-reading(6 minutes) (1)Introduction Play a dumb show of Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator. After the clip ask the students "Charlie Chaplin did not speak one word. Why can you understand him clearly?" They will know the body language can be used to express one' s feelings and ideas. (2)Prediction Display two pictures of two shop assistants: one has a smiley face and the other has a sad face during work time. Then ask the students which face they like to see and to predict what the passage is about. (Justification: It can stimulate the students' interest and help them know the function of body
language. The prediction makes a preparation for the next step.) Step 2 While-reading(8 minutes) (1)Fast reading Ask the students to read the passage as quickly as they can and tell the main idea of the passage. Then ask them to check if they have made the right predictions. (2)Careful reading Ask the students to read the passage again carefully and discuss the answers of the following questions in groups of four: ① Why do customers like to walk over to Debbie? ② What are the differences between Debbie and Simon? ③According to Mr. Young, what is the body language? Then invite several students to give their answers and give evaluations. (Justification: The fast reading will help students have a preliminary understanding of this article. The questions make the reading more goal-oriented and high efficient. This can help students understand the passage clearly.) Step 3 Post-reading(6 minutes) (1)Role-play Give some key information on the screen, then ask four students to play the role of Debbie, Simon, the well-dressed lady and Mr. Young and act the story out in their own words. Then give evaluations. (2)Discussion Ask the students to think about what they will do in the future if they are Simon. (Justification: The role-play and discussion can make students have a deeper impression on body language, and their oral English will be well developed.))
解析：
五、阅读理解(总题数：2，分数：20.00)
Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise. Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.
(1).The EU is faced with so many problems that______.
A.even its supporters begin to feel concerned √
B.it has more or less lost faith in markets
C.some of its member countries plan to abandon euro
D.it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
解析：细节题。

题干的意思是，欧盟因为面临很多问题以至于出现了什么状况。

通过第一段的最后一句话可以得出，A项“甚至它的支持者们也开始感到担忧”为正确答案。

此处只要理解“cheerleader”是“啦
啦队队长”的含义就不难做选择。

B项为“它多少已经失去了对市场的信心”．而文章第二段提到的是“Marketshave lost faith…”，即“市场已然失去了信心……”，并非B项所表达的意思，故为错误选项；C项“它的一些成员国计划放弃欧元”以及D项“它意欲否决贬值的可能性”都无法在文中找到依据。

故均为错误选项。

(2).The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers______.
A.are competing for the leading position
B.are busy handling their own crises
C.fail to reach an agreement on harmonisation √
D.disagree on the steps towards disintegration
解析：细节题。

题干问题是欧盟单一货币的争论僵持不下的原因。

A项“他们争夺领导地位”该观点在文中没有出现；B项“忙于处理他们自己的危机”这种说法在文中也没有根据。

而D项“对于解体的步骤意见不一致”，文中也没有涉及。

文章第三段很清楚地表明C项“未能就和谐化达成共识”与文章意思一致．为正确答案。

(3).To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that______.
A.EU funds for poor regions be increased
B.stricter regulations be imposed √
C.only core members be involved in economic co-ordination
D.voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed
解析：细节题。

题干问的是德国为解决欧元问题是如何提议的。

从文章第四段第一句可以断定B项“实行更严格的法规”是正确答案。

A项“欧盟增加给贫穷地区的资金”干扰性较大，但从第四段第二句可以看出，德国的建议有可能导致冻结对贫穷地区的资金．所以A项是错的。

C项“经济协调只牵涉核心成员”，而从第四段最后一句话的前半部分可以看出。

德国坚持所有27个成员国的参与，所以C项不对。

D项“欧盟成员的选举权得到保障”，文章中没提到。

(4).The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that______.
A.poor countries are more likely to get funds √
B.strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
C.loans will be readily available to rich countries
D.rich countries will basically control Eurobonds
解析：推断题。

题干问的是法国应对危机的提议的含义。

根据文章倒数第二段第二句话可以得出，A项“穷国更有可能得到资金”为正确答案。

B项“严格的资金政策将被用于穷国”这一观点有悖法国提议的原则，在文中也没有依据；C项“贷款对于富国来说将可轻易获得”也是没有依据的。

而D项“富国将基本上控制欧元基金”也不符合文中意思，因为该段虽然提及“Eurobonds”，却没有说它们将由富国控制。

(5).Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel ______.
A.pessimistic
B.desperate
C.conceited
D.hopeful √
解析：态度题。

A项“悲观的”；B项“绝望的”：C项“自负的”，都不是作者对欧元未来的态度，所以都不对。

根据信号词从文章最后一段可以看出，作者认为否定欧盟还为时过早，它依然是世界上最大的贸易实体，有着很多不可忽视的优势，所以，对于欧元的未来，作者是怀有希望的，因此，D项“有希望的”是正确答案。

King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted "kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs, continuing popularity
as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomes Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses(or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image. While Europe' s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example. It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled)granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.
(1).According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carl of spain______.
ed to enjoy high public support
B.was unpopular among European royals
C.ended his reign in embarrassment √
D.eased his relationship with his rivals
解析：细节题。

根据关键词定位到第一、二段。

由第一段第二句“但令人尴尬的丑闻和共和党在最近的欧洲选举中受欢迎迫使他收回自己的话，退了下来”可知，C项中end his reign是stand down的同义置换，且C项中的embarrassment与导致卡洛斯卸任的原因embarrassing scandals是相呼应的。

故C项是正确答案。

A项“过去享有很高的群众支持”，B项“在欧洲皇室中是不受欢迎的”和D项“缓和与他的对手之间的关系”均属于无中生有，故排除。

(2).Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly______.
A.owing to their undoubted and respectable status √
B.to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
C.to give voters more public figures to look up to
D.due to their everlasting political embodiment
解析：细节题。

根据题干关键词定位到第三段。

该段末句意为“但不同于海湾地区和亚洲等同于君主的专制主义者，大郡分王室家族幸存下来，这是因为他们让选民避免了在寻找一个无争议但受尊重的公众人物时的困难”，其中non-controversial but respected public figure正是A项中undoubted and respectable status的同义置换，故A项是正确答案。

B项“在传统和现实中寻求平衡”，C项“给选民更多的公众人物去崇拜”和D项“因为他们永恒的政治体现”均不符合题意。

(3).Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.
B.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.
C.The role of the nobility in modern democracies. √
D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.
解析：细节题。

根据题干关键词定位到第四段。

该段第二句提到“奇怪的是富有的贵族家庭仍然是现代民主国家的象征核心”．其中bizarre是题干中odd的同义替换，the symbolic heart of modern democraticstates是C项the role of the nobility in modern democracies的同义替换。

故C项为正
确答案。

A项“贵族们过度依赖继承的财富”。

B项“贵族家庭简单的生活方式”和D项“贵族对他们特权的坚持”，均不符合题意。

(4).The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles______.
A.takes a tough line on political issues
B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised
C.takes republicans as his potential allies
D.fails to adapt himself to his future role √
解析：细节题。

根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。

根据该段第二句“危险来自查尔斯，他热衷于昂贵的生活方式并拥有等级分明的世界观。

他不明白，君主制很大程度上幸存下来是因为他们提供了一项服务——做一名无争议的、非政治的国家领导人”可知，D项“不能适应未来身份”为正确答案。

A项“在政治问题上采取强硬路线”．B项“不能像建议的那样改变他的生活方式”和C项“把共和党人作为他潜在的盟友”均不符合题意。

(5).Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
B.Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs √
C.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats
D.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
解析：主旨题。

做对此题，需纵观全文。

文章从西班牙国王卡洛斯退位事件切入，主要讨论当下欧洲君主制度所存在的问题，并非讨论查尔斯的事件，所以排除C项“查尔斯，对即将到来威胁做出缓慢反应”和D项“查尔斯的继位焦虑”。

而在A项“卡洛斯，荣辱并存”和B项“卡洛斯，欧洲君王们的前车之鉴”中。

A项属于文中细节信息。

不能概括文章大意，B项可概括，故为正确答案。

另外，文章主题词Monarch 只在B项中出现．所以考生可快速锁定正确答案。