英语四六级考试.doc
四六级英语考试试卷
四六级英语考试试卷一、写作（15%）题目： The Importance of Reading Classics。
要求：1. 阐述阅读经典著作的重要性；2. 给出阅读经典著作的建议；3. 字数不少于120字，不多于180字。
二、听力理解（35%）Section A（7.1 - 7.5每题1分；7.6 - 7.10每题2分，共15分）Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).News Report 1.1. What is the main topic of this news report?A) A new scientific discovery.B) A major traffic accident.C) A political event.D) A cultural festival.2. How many people were injured in the event?A) None.B) A few.C) Dozens.D) Hundreds.News Report 2.3. What is the purpose of the new policy?A) To promote economic development.B) To protect the environment.C) To improve education.D) To enhance national security.4. Which industry will be most affected by this policy?A) The manufacturing industry.B) The service industry.C) The agricultural industry.D) The high - tech industry.5. When will the policy be fully implemented?A) Next month.B) Next year.C) In two years.D) In five years.News Report 3.6. What is the name of the new product?A) SmartPhone X.B) UltraPad.C) PowerBook.D) TechWatch.7. What are the main features of this new product? (Choose two answers)A) High - speed performance.B) Long battery life.C) Large screen size.D) Low price.8. Where can people buy this new product?A) Only in physical stores.B) Only online.C) Both in physical stores and online.D) In special authorized dealers.Section B（8.1 - 8.5每题1分；8.6 - 8.10每题2分，共15分）Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Conversation 1.1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A) Their study plans.B) Their travel experiences.C) Their future careers.D) Their hobbies.2. What does the man want to be in the future?A) A doctor.B) A teacher.C) An engineer.D) A businessman.3. What does the woman think of the man's choice?A) She thinks it's a very good choice.B) She thinks it's too difficult.C) She thinks it's not practical.D) She thinks it's boring.4. What will the woman probably do in the future?A) She will study abroad.B) She will start her own business.C) She will work for a big company.D) She will become a freelancer. Conversation 2.5. Why did the man go to the city library?A) To borrow some books.B) To attend a lecture.C) To do some research.D) To meet a friend.6. How did the man find the library?A) It was very big and modern.B) It was small but well - equipped.C) It was crowded and noisy.D) It was old - fashioned.7. What kind of books did the man borrow?A) History books.B) Science fiction books.C) Business books.D) Literature books.8. When will the man return the books?A) Next week.B) In two weeks.C) Next month.D) In three weeks.Section C（每题1分，共5分）Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. When the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The Internet has changed the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has also had a significant impact on our social lives. With the development of social media platforms, people can _(1)_ with friends and family members all over the world. However, the Internet also has some negative effects. For example, some people may become _(2)_ to the Internet and neglect their real - life relationships. In addition, the spread of false information on the Internet can cause _(3)_ and confusion. Therefore, we should use the Internet _(4)_ and make good use of its advantages while avoiding its disadvantages. We should also be careful about the information we _(5)_ on the Internet.三、阅读理解（35%）Section A（每题1分，共10分）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once.When it comes to choosing a career, there are many factors to consider. One of the most important factors is your _(1)_. If you are interested in a particular field, you are more likely to be _(2)_ in your work. Another factor is the job market. You need to choose a career that has good _(3)_ opportunities. In addition, salary and benefits are also important considerations. However, you should not choose a career solely based on_(4)_. You also need to consider whether the work environment is _(5)_ for you. Some people prefer a fast - paced, high - pressure environment, while others prefer a more _(6)_ and relaxed environment.Word Bank:A) motivated.B) stable.C) interests.D) financial.E) suitable.F) employment.G) challenging.H) competitive.I) routine.J) opportunities.Section B（每题2分，共10分）Directions: In this section, you will read a passage followed byseveral questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best answer.The sharing economy has emerged as a new economic model in recent years. It involves the sharing of resources, such as cars, houses, and tools, among individuals. The sharing economy has many advantages. For example, it can make more efficient use of resources and reduce waste. It can also provide more _(1)_ for consumers. However, the sharing economy also faces some challenges. One of the challenges is the lack of _(2)_. Since the sharing economy often involves transactions between individuals, there is a higher risk of fraud and disputes. Another challenge is the impact on traditional industries. The sharing economy may _(3)_ some traditional industries, such as the taxi industry and the hotel industry.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A) To introduce the sharing economy and its advantages and challenges.B) To promote the sharing economy.C) To criticize the sharing economy.D) To compare the sharing economy with traditional industries.2. What are the advantages of the sharing economy according to the passage? (Choose two answers)A) It can make more efficient use of resources.B) It can increase pollution.C) It can provide more choices for consumers.D) It can create more jobs.3. What are the challenges faced by the sharing economy? (Choose two answers)A) Lack of regulation.B) High cost.C) Impact on traditional industries.D) Too many competitors.4. Which industries may be affected by the sharing economy?A) The car manufacturing industry.B) The taxi industry.C) The software industry.D) The food industry.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) The sharing economy will completely replace traditional industries.B) The sharing economy has more disadvantages than advantages.C) The sharing economy needs to be regulated to develop better.D) The sharing economy is not suitable for all countries.Section C（每题2分，共15分）Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best answer.Passage 1.The concept of "time poverty" has become increasingly popular in recent years. Time poverty refers to the situation where people feel that they do not have enough time to do what they want or need to do. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as long working hours, family responsibilities, and excessive use of technology.One of the main consequences of time poverty is stress. People who are time - poor often feel stressed because they are constantly rushing to meet deadlines or complete tasks. This stress can have a negative impact ontheir physical and mental health. Another consequence is a lack of work -life balance. People may find it difficult to find time for their hobbies, friends, and family, which can lead to a sense of isolation and unhappiness.1. What is the definition of "time poverty" according to the passage?A) The situation where people have too much time.B) The situation where people do not have enough time to do what they want or need to do.C) The situation where people waste a lot of time.D) The situation where people have a lot of free time but do not know how to use it.2. What are the factors that can cause time poverty? (Choose two answers)A) Short working hours.B) Family responsibilities.C) Excessive use of technology.D) Lack of hobbies.3. What are the consequences of time poverty? (Choose two answers)A) Stress.B) Improved physical health.C) Lack of work - life balance.D) Increased happiness.Passage 2.In modern society, the issue of environmental protection has become more and more important. One of the ways to protect the environment is to promote sustainable consumption. Sustainable consumption means consuming in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.There are several ways to promote sustainable consumption. One way is to encourage people to buy environmentally - friendly products. These products are usually made from recycled materials or are more energy - efficient. Another way is to reduce waste. People can do this by recycling, reusing, and reducing their consumption.1. What is the meaning of "sustainable consumption" according to the passage?A) Consuming as much as possible.B) Consuming in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.C) Consuming only expensive products.D) Consuming only imported products.2. What are the ways to promote sustainable consumption? (Choose two answers)A) Encourage people to buy environmentally - friendly products.B) Encourage people to buy more products.C) Reduce waste.D) Increase waste.3. Which of the following products can be considered as environmentally - friendly products?A) Products made from non - recycled materials.B) Products that are not energy - efficient.C) Products made from recycled materials or are more energy - efficient.D) Products that are very cheap.四、翻译（15%）题目：中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。
2020年9月英语四六级考试真题含答案
2020年9月英语四六级考试真题含答案【1四级第一套】听力答案：1.A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.2.D) They may be affecting the world’s climate.3.C) To call for a permanent security guard.4.A) It had already taken strong action.5.B) The road was blocked.6.D) A track hit a barrier and overturned.7.B) It was a hard task to removing the spilled substance.8.A) She wanted to save for a new phone.9.D) They are less aware of the value of their money.10.B) More non-essential things.11.C) It may lead to excessive spending.12.C) He had a problem with the furniture delivered.13.B) Describe the furniture he received.14.A) Correct their mistake.15. с) She apologized to the man once more.16. B) Tidying up one's home.17. A) Things that make one happy.18. C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.20. D) Follow his example.21. C) Sending him had-made bags.22. A) To solve word search puzzles.23. B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.24. C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.25. C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.PART I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on online dictionaries. You can start your essay with the sentence "Online dictionaries are becoming increasingly popular. " You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文：With the growing popularity of smartphones and the high coverage rate of wireless network, online dictionaries are becoming increasingly popular for students in daily study. It seems to be a trend that online dictionaries would replace paper ones. However, just as the saying goes, “different strokes for different folks.”Some students are more prone to use online dictionaries and have two points to support it. First, online dictionaries are more portable, and make it possible to look up any new words that we met anytime and anywhere only via a small phone in our hands. Second, we can improve both written and oral skills, as online dictionaries allow us to hear the native pronunciation of eachword clearly. Whereas others hold differently. They are still in favor of use print ones. For one thing, paper dictionaries can protect our eyesight better than online ones as digital devices may emit radiation if we watch the electronic screen for a long time. For another, using the print dictionary can prevent us from being distracted by reminders of irrelevant information.As far as I’m concerned, although the content of paper dictionaries is authoritative, its lexicon is not updated as quickly as online ones. After all, we live in an information age and can have access to many hot words on the Internet every day.【选词填空第1套】26. H integrate27. B coincidence28. A associated29. L recognizable30. I maximizes31. N stressful32. K principal33. J natural34. M simply35. O symbolized【信息匹配第1套】Doctor’s orders: Let children just play36. H 段落第一句Another playtime thief37. E 段落第一句The trends have been a long time coming.38. L 段落第一句Play may not be a hard sell to kids.39.G 段落第一句Predictions aren’t the only ones who have noticed.40. D段落第一句“play is not silly behavior,”41. I 段落第一句“I respect that parents have busy lives and it’s easy to hand a child a iPhone”42.C 段落第一句The advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics43. K 段落第一句Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids.44. F 段落第一句By 200945. B 段落第一句“This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be leaned when kids aren’t told what to do”【仔细阅读第1套】Text 1 ：Diets46.What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?A.Under going plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.B.Imitating the life styles of heroes and role models.C.Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.D.Attempting to meet society’s expectation of appearance47.What have researchers found out about people’ s earnings?A.They are closely related to people’s social status.B.They have to do with people’s body weight and shapeC.They seem to matter much less to men than to womenD.They may not be equal to people’s contributions48.What does the author’ s recent study focus on?A.Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the work place.B.Traits that matter most in one’s pursuit of success in the labor market.C.Whether self-perception of body image impacts one’s work place successD.How bosses’ perception of body image impacts employees’ advancement.49.What is the finding of the author’s recent research?A.Being over weight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.B.People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weightC.Self-esteem helps to combat gender in equality in the work place.D.Gender in equality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.50.What does the author think would help improve the condition in the labor market?A.Banning discrimination on the bass of employees’ body imageB.Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.C.Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.D.Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.答案：46.D 47.B 48.C 49.B 50.AText 2 ：Work-life balance51.What does the author suggest by saying"The work-life balance is dead”?A.the hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.B.the pursuit of a fulfilling career involves personal sacrificeC.the imbalance between work and life simply doesn’t exist anymore.D.the concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life.52. What does the author say about our use of language?A. it impacts how we think and behave.B.it changes with the passage of time..C. it reflects how we communicate.D. it differs from person to person.53.What does the author say we do in an ideal world?A.we do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.B. we do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.C. we do meaningful work that contributes to society.D. we do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.54. What does the author say about life?A. it is cyclicalB.it is dynamicC.it is fulfillingD. it is risky.55. what does the author advise us to do?A.make life as simple as possibleB.talk about balance in simpler termsC. balance life and work in a new wayD.strive for a more fulfilling life.答案：51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D翻译第1套茅台(Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒，在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。
大学英语四六级 考试真题及参考答案
之1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：The Space Age ______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A) initiated B) originated C) embarked D) commenced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第2题：John said that he didn't quite _______ and asked me to repeat what I had said.A) snatch up B) summon up C) catch on D) watch out【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第3题：When he tried to make a ______ , he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.A) complaint B) claim C) reservation D) decision【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第4题：A budget of five dollars a day is totally _______ for a trip round Europe.A) inadequate B) incapable C) incompatible D) invalid【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第5题：In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is ______. A) shrinking B) obscuring C) altering D) constraining【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第6题：The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ______ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.A) decrease B) subtract C) minimize D) degrade【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第7题：If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limitlocal _______ .A) collisions B) combats C) contradictions D) conflicts【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第8题：Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when ______ in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door .A) gliding B) cruising C) piloting D) patrolling【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第9题：In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ______ in Chicago and New York City. A) homogeneously B) simultaneously C) spontaneously D) harmoniously【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第10题：The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A) option B) duty C) obligation D) penalty【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：I think that I committed a _______ in asking her because she seemed very ups et by my question.A) blunder B) revenge C) reproach D) scandal【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第12题：Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.A) commonplace B) standardized C) competitive D) generalized【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第13题：They have always regarded a man of ______ and fairness as a reliable friend .A) robustness B) temperament C) integrity D) compactness【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第14题：All individuals are required to ______ to the laws made by their governments.A) obey B) conform C) concede D) observe【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第15题：The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been _______ .A) identified B) guaranteed C) notified D) conveyed【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第16题：It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane would crash.A) inspiration B) intuition C) imagination D) incentive【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第17题：The changing image of the family on television provides ______ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.A) insights B) presentations C) revelations D) specifications【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第18题：The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______ .A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第19题：Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _______ at many survival skills.A) proficient B) persistent C) consistent D) sufficient【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第20题：The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ______ that they ca n disappear at any moment.A) trivial B) fatal C) tentative D) feeble【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第21题：During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to ______ building materials to the upper floors.A) toss B) tow C) hoist D) hurl【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第22题：Diamonds have little ______ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A) extinct B) permanent C) surplus D) intrinsic【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第23题：The kitchen was small and ______ so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.A) conventional B) compact C) compatible D) concise【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第24题：He will______ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.A) doubtfully B) adequately C) presumably D) reasonably【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第25题：The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ______ his financial situation.A) with respect to B) in accord with C) regardless of D) in terms of【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第26题：The original elections were declared ______ by the former military ruler.A) void B) vulgar C) surplus D) extravagant【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第27题：They stood gazing at the happy ______ of children playing in the park.A) perspective B) view C) landscape D) scene【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第28题：An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in society will ______through the current law system in Japan.A) permeate B) probe C) violate D) grope【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第29题：When he realized he had been _______ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened tostart legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A) elicited B) excited C) deduced D) induced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第30题：These areas rely on agriculture almost ______ , having few mineral resources and a minimumof industrial development.A) respectively B) extraordinarily C) incredibly D) exclusively【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as grea t as some people believe. “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there. ”Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California , Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant's weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he :“Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. ” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strongcarcinogens-a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (磨菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives(添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University :“We've got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. ”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day be cause of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from field s to processing plants to kitchens.1.What does the author think of the Americans' view of their food?A) They overstate the government's interference with the food industry.B) They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C) They overestimate the hazards of their food.D) They overlook the risks of the food they eat.2.The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because .A) no food is free from pollution in the environment.B) pesticides are widely used in agriculture.C) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals.D) almost all foods have additives.3.By s aying“they employ chemical warfare”(Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “_______”.A) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases.B) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth.C) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.D) farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases.4.The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on .A) the government. B) the consumer.C) the processor. D) the grower.5.What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?A) Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B) Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C) Health food is not a dream in modern society.D) There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第32题：There are some each phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday is not of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergo, dramatic polarity reversal-a period when north pole becomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the field generated, and why is it so unstable?Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment(沉淀物)core, they have obtained measurments lots of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable longterm decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip-a process that takes several hundred thousand years-the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated. The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730, 000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor(陨星)impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth's inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.1.Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage?A) Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.B) Measurement of the Earth's Magnetic-Field Intensity.C) Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth.D) A New Approach to the Study or Geophysics.2.The word“flip”(Line 6, Para. 2)most probably means“______”.A) decline B) intensify C) fluctuate D) reverse3.What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research?A) Some regularity in the changes of the earth's magnetic field.B) Some causes of the fluctuation of the earth's magnetic field.C) The origin of the earth's magnetic field.D) The frequency of polarity reversals.4.The French geophysicists' study is different from currently prevailing theories in ______ .A) its identification of the origin of the earth's magnetic field.B) the way the earth's magnetic intensity is measured.C) its explanation of the shift in the earth's polarity.D) the way the earth's fluctuation rhythm is defined.5.In Peter Oslo's opinion the French experiment ______ .A) is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the earth.B) has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals.C) is certain to help predict external disasters.D) has caused great confusion among the world's geophysicists.1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第33题：Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We al so use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are“good”and others are“bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that_______ .A) they would not be able to tell the texture of objects.B) they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them.C) they would not be happy with a life without love.D) they would do things that hurt each other's feelings.2.According to the passage, people's learning activities are possible because they_______ .A) believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive.B) benefit from providing help and support to one another.C) enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing.D) know what is vital to the progress of society.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependenton _______.A) the ability to make money.B) the will to work for pleasure.C) the capacity to enjoy incentives.D) the categorizations of our emotional experiences4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because _______.A) they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B) they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C) they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D) they generate more love than hate among people.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in thatthey_______ .A) help society exploit its members for profit.B) encourage us to perform important tasks.C) help to perfect the legal and penal system.D) help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第34题：The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. I n short, driven by careerism, “the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education f or their students. ”The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an“integrated core”of common learning. Such a core would introduce students“to essential knowledge, to connections across the disci plines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ”Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed:“Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that“There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. ”1.When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to_______ .A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously.B) focus on training students in various skills.C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible.D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends.2.By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1)the author means that the teaching in these areas ______ .A) ignores the actual situation.B) is not based on the right perspective.C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning.D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students.3.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that_______ .A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges.B) students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn.C) skills are being taught as a means to an end.D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials.4.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______ .A) most of them lack high-quality faculties.B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research.C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard.D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching .5.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _______ .A) putting academic work in the proper context.B) a commitment to students and effective teaching.C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends.D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无三、编辑加工题第35题：Many parents who welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember thinking up all sort of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. When there's nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their kids seem unable to come up with any thing to do besides turning on the TV. One father, for example, says. “Whe n I was a kid, we were always thinking up things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained in an annoying way to our parents, ‘I have nothing to do!’”He compares this with his own children today: “They're simply lazy. If someone doesn't ente rtain them, they'll happily sit there watching TV all day. ”There is one word for this father's disappointment: unfair. It is as if he were disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores(哀叹)his children's lack of inventiveness, as if the ability to play were something innate(天生的)that his children are mising . In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the actual ability to play-to imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way-and the ability to gain fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to learned and developed.Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parents' disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people.Questions: (注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分，每条横线限定一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。
大学英语四六级考试历真题英语六级考试真题word
大学英语四六级考试历真题英语六级考试真题word6月英语六级考试真题word版Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. you shuold write at least 0 words following the outline given below.1. 有人说名字或名称很重要2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要3. 我认为On the Importance of a NamePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) ( minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have minutes to go over the passagequickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．. For questions 8-, plete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Helicopter Moms vs.Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son takethe subway alone to get back to “Long story short:my son got home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect t o get hit with a w ave of criticism from readers.“Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the peopleI’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)Dfor us and for them.”Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s dec ision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (panied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffington post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’sWorst Mom.”The episode has ignited another one of those debates thatdivides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more plicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised?From th e “she’s an irresponsible mother” camp came: “Shame on you forbeing so careless about his safety,” in Comments on the buffongton post. Andthere was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t e home?” But Skenazy got a lot o f support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one menter wrote on the buffongton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.”Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blogDFree Range, kidsDpromoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took busesDand even subwaysDall by themselves. Her blog, she says,is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in c ar seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.”So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations?Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extreme ly rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are mitted by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 80 and death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to and 32 percent for teens aged to .Then there’s the wh ole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previousgenerations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it’s not s urprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem lik e a risk. Back in 72, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school.The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in trafficin a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than million kids aged 5 to are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized prog rams. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to getto school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center.For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of fort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.”Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid u nsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.”But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on momDa major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids.And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s every movement via the InternetDwithout seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being mo nitored as they’re on parole (假释).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
英语四六级考试分数换算表和及格线.doc
英语四六级考试分数换算表和及格线自2005年6月考试起，大学英语四、六级考试的原始分数在经过加权、等值处理后，参照常模转换为均值为500、标准差为70的常模正态分数。
同时，四、六级考试不设及格线，考试合格证书改为成绩报告单。
四、六级考试报道总分计算公式为：式中X表示每个考生加权、等值处理后的原始分数，Mean表示常模均值，SD表示常模标准差。
目前，四、六级的分数常模群体由1987年的全国若干所重点大学的近万名本科生组成。
四、六级考试委员会计划在2006年对常模进行第一次修订。
常模正态分数的特点是能够报道考生在常模群体中所处的百分位置。
举例如下（参见表1和表2）：某考生四级报道总分是450分，则其在常模群体中的百分位是24%，表示这名考生的英语成绩优于常模群体中24%的人。
某考生六级报道总分是500分，则其在常模群体中的百分位在48%～57%之间，表示这名考生的英语成绩至少优于常模群体中48%的人，但不会优于57%的人。
四、六级考试单项分的报道分为四个部分，这四个部分以及各部分所占的分值比例分别为：听力(20%)、阅读(40%)、综合(25%)、作文(15%)。
各单项报道分的满分分别为：听力142分；阅读284分；综合178分；作文106分。
各单项报道分相加之和等于报道总分。
四、六级的单项报道分也是常模正态分数，但参照的常模是相应的单项常模。
因此，单项报道分能够报道考生在各单项常模群体中所处的百分位置。
举例如下（参见表1和表2）：某考生四级作文报道分数是62分，则其在常模群体中的百分位是在77%～86%之间，表示这名考生的英语成绩至少要优于常模群体中77%的人，但不会优于86%的人。
某考生六级听力报道分数是100分，则其在常模群体中的百分位是54%，表示这名考生的英语听力成绩优于常模群体中54%的人。
表1 大学英语四级考试（CET-4 ）报道分数百分位对照表表 2 大学英语六级考试（ CET-6 ）报道分数百分位对照表放松心灵1.做一朵向日葵，面朝太阳，心纳阳光。
国家英语四六级考试
国家英语四六级考试
中国的英语四六级考试是由中国教育部主管，由全国大中专院校联合举办的一种英语水平考试。
四六级分别指的是大学英语四级（CET-4）和大学英语六级（CET-6）。
以下是关于这两个考试的一些基本信息：
大学英语四级（CET-4）：
1.考试对象：主要针对在校本专科生，旨在测试学生的英语听力、阅读、写作和翻译能力。
2.考试科目：一般包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分。
3.考试形式：采用笔试形式，包括听力录音和书面答题。
4.考试级别：以大学本专科生的英语水平为目标，考察相对基础的英语能力。
5.考试频率：通常每年有两次考试，分别在6月和12月。
大学英语六级（CET-6）：
1.考试对象：主要针对在校研究生和部分本专科生，考察学生更高水平的英语综合能力。
2.考试科目：一般包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分。
3.考试形式：采用笔试形式，包括听力录音和书面答题。
4.考试级别：相对于四级，六级考试的难度更高，要求考生具备更高水平的英语能力。
5.考试频率：通常每年有两次考试，分别在6月和12月。
这两个考试对中国学生在学校和职场中的英语水平有一定的评价作用，也是一些学校和企事业单位用于招聘和选拔人才的参考标准之一。
考生在备考时通常会注重英语四六级真题、词汇积累、听力训练等方面。
历年大学英语四六级真题试题及标准答案
历年⼤学英语四六级真题试题及标准答案历年⼤学英语四六级真题试题及标准答案Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考后半⼩时内完成该部分，之后将进⾏听⼒考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
大学英语四六级 考试真题及参考答案
之2001年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案2001年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：Starting with the ________ that there is life on the planet Mars, the seientstwent on to develop his argument.A) premise B) pretext C) foundation D) presentation【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第2题：After several nuclear disasters, a ________ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A) quarrel B) suspicion C) verdict D) controversy【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第3题：Their diplomatic principles complely laid bare their ________ for world conquest. A) admiration B) ambition C) administration D)orientation【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第4题：The director gave me his ________ that he would double my pay if I did my job well.A) warrant B) obligation C) assurance D) certainty【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第5题：The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ________ such as colored lights and glass balls.A) ornaments B) luxuries C) exhibits D) complements【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第6题：The two most important ________ in making a cake are flour and sugar .A) elements B) components C) ingredients D) constituents【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第7题：Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A) translation B) transition C) transmission D) transaction【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第8题：We must look beyond ________ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A) justifications B) illusions C) manifestations D) specifications【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第9题：No one imagined that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal. A) respective B) respectable C) respectful D) realistic【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第10题：If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of spedes that are alive today will have become ________ .A) deteriorated B) degenerated C) suppressed D) extinct【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：The ________ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can suceeed in understanding the universe.A) essence B) texture C) content D) threshold【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第12题：The old lady has developed a ________ cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.A) perpetual B) permanent C) chronic D) sustained【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第13题：What the correspondent sent us is an ________ news report. We can depend on it A) evident B) authentic C) ultimate D) immediate【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第14题：Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an_______ force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.A) inspirational B) educational C) excessive D) instantaneous【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第15题：Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly ______ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.A) subjective B) subordinate C) liable D) vulnerable【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第16题：Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do.A) cumulative B) destructive C) turbulent D) prevalent【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第17题：In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.A) skeptical B) faithful C) obedient D) subsidiary48. In spite of the ______economic forecasts, manufacturing【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第18题：In spite of the ______economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.A) gloomy B) miserable C) shadowy D) obscure【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第19题：Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in pre literate societies in order to attract good health or to _______ disease.A) set aside B) ward off C) shrug off D) give away【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第20题：The international situation has been growing _____difficult for the last few years.A) invariably B) presumably C) increasingly D) dominantly【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第21题：The prisoner was ______ of his civil liberty for three years.A) discharged B) derived C) deprived D) dispatched【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第22题：Small farms and the lack of modern technology have ______ agricultural production.A) blundered B) tangled C) bewildered D) hampered【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第23题：The Japanese scientists have found that scents ______ efficiency and reduce stress among office workers.A) enhance B) amplilf C) foster D) magnify【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第24题：All the students have to ______to the rules and regulations of the school.A) confirm B) confront C) confine D) conform【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第25题：He ______ his head, wondering how to solve the problemA) scrapped B) screwed C) scraped D) scratched【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第26题：As soon as the boy was able to earn his own living he ______ his parents' strict rules.A) defied B) refuted C) excluded D) vetoed【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第27题：The helicopter a light plane and both pilots were killed.A) coincided with B) stumbled on C) tumbled to D) collided with【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第28题：To ______ is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such goodcondition that others may also share the enjoyment.A) conserve B) conceive C) convert D) contrive【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第29题：Put on dark glasses or the sun will ______ you and you won' t be able to see.A) discern B) distort C) distract D) dazzle【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第30题：In ______ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a morefavourable climate.A) prime B) primitive C) primary D) preliminary【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Birds that are literally half asleep--with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping--control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere's eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end of the row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birdstended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction. Also, birds dozing(打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots."We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain，"the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He's seen it in a pair of birds dozing side by side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were acompanion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half sleeping might be, it's only been found in birds and such water mammals(哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleep "is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)" He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds' sleep has revealed that ________ .A) half brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB) half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC) birds can control their half brain sleep consciouslyD) birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ________ .A) they have to watch out for possible attacksB) their brain hemispheres take turns to restC) the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD) they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that ________.A) the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB) birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC) even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD) a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to ________ .A) alert themselves to the approaching enemyB) emerge from water now and then to breatheC) be sensitive to the ever changing environmentD) avoid being swept away by rapid currents5. By "just the tip of the iceberg"( Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that________ .A) half brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB) the mystery of half brain sleep is close to being solvedC) most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD) half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第32题：A nine year old schoolgirl single handedly cooks up a science fair experiment that ends up debunking(揭穿……的真相) a widely practiced medical treatment. Emily Rosa's target was a practice known as therapeutic(治疗的) touch (TT for short), whose advocates manipulate patients' "energy field"to make them feel better and even, say some, to cure them of various ills. Yet Emily's test shows that these energy fields can't be detected, even by trained TT practitioners (行医者). Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation, Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare, "Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters, and this is good science."Emily's mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late '80s, when she learned it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U. S.) don't even touch their patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the patient's body, pushing energy fields around until they' re in "balance." TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds, relieve Pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals, at up to $ 70 an hour, to smooth patients' energy, sometimes during surgery.Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing--something they haven't been eager to do, even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (He's had one taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocentfourth grader? Says Emily:"I think they didn't take me very seriously because I'm a kid."The experiment was straight forward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up, through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs left or right and the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded, they'd done no better than they would have by simply guessing. If there was an energy field, they couldn't feel it.1. Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced?A) TT has been in existence for decades.B) Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.C) TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.D) More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.2. Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because ________.A) they didn't take the offer seriouslyB) they didn't want to risk their careerC) they were unwilling to reveal their secretD) they thought it was not in line with their practice3. The purpose of Emily Rosa's experiment was ________.A) to see why TT could work the way it didB) to find out how TT cured patients' illnessesC) to test whether she could sense the human energy fieldD) to test whether a human energy field really existed4. Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emil's experiment?A) It involved nothing more than mere guessing.B) They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.C) It was more straightforward than other experiments.D) They sensed no harm in a little girl's experiment.5. What can we learn from the passage?A) Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving.B) Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.C) Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners.D) The principle of TT is too profound to understand.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第33题：What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of sys tem is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway（高速公路）capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a specialonramp(入口引道).As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to auto mated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conven tional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a "transition'lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto alane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers(非法进入者) could be swiftly identified by authorities.)Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into autmated travel, the driverwould be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.1. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways ________.A) are being plannedB) are being modifiedC) are now in wide useD) are under construction2. A special purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that ________.A) it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB) it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC) it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD) it offers more lanes for automated vehicles3. Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?A) Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to theirdestinations.B) A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C)The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving ontoit.D) The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.4. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special purpose lane________.A) by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB) by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC) through a specially guarded gateD) after all trespassers are identified and removed5. When driving in an automated lane, the driver ________.A) should harmonize with newly entering carsB) doesn't have to rely on his computer systemC) should watch out for potential accidentsD) doesn't have to hold on to the steering wheel1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第34题：Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels;and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is"intelligent." Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D. --Nervous Break Down."Intelligent'people do not have N.B.D.'s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.You can begin to think of yourselfas truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Every one who is involved with other humanbeings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflictsand compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old,sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N. B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don' t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.1. According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in termsof one' s ability to read, write and compute ________.A) is a widely held but wrong conceptB) will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC) is the root of all mental distressD) will contribute to one's self fulfillment2 It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree ________.A) may result in one's inability to solve complex real life problemsB) does not indicate one's ability to write properly worded documentsC) may make one mentally sick and physically weakD) does not mean that one is highly intelligent3. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows ________.A) how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB) how to find the best way to achieve success in tireC) how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD) how to persuade others to compromise4. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that ________.A) difficulties are but part of everyone's lifeB) depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC) everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD) good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence5. According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?A) Those who don't emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.B) Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.C) Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B. D. ' s.D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances.1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无三、完型填空第35题：In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; mostof 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused theindustrial employment of unprecedented(前所未有) numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions(军火) plants, under direct government sponsorship. 6 the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 7 ,this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the yearsfollowing the First World War, 8 , federal,State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day nurseries, chiefly by 10 them and by.The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called up on to replace men in the factories.On this 13 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942,for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities 15this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 16 in daycare centers receiving Federal 17 . Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end ofthe war was only partly fulfilled.1. A) latter C) other B) late D) first2. A) those B) them C) whose D) imitation3. A) impetus B) input C) imitation D) initiative4. A) sources B) abundance C) shortage D) reduction5. A) hardly B) entirely C) only D) even6. A) Because B) As C) Since D) Although7. A) unanimously B) sharply C) predominantly D) militantly8. A) therefore B) consequently C) however D) moreover9. A) over B) in C) at D) about10. A) formulating B) labeling C) patenting D) licensing11. A) outset B) outbreak C) breakthrough D) breakdown12. A) again B) thus C) repeatedly D) yet13. A) circumstance B) occasion C) case D) situation14. A) regulating B) summoning C) allocating D) transferring15. A) expanded B) facilitated C) supplemented D) compensated16. A) by B) after C) of D) for17 A) pensions B) subsidies C) revenues D) budgets18. A) prevalently B) furiously C) statistically D) drastically19 A) abolished B) diminished C) jeopardized D)precluded20. A) nurseries B) homes C) jobs D) chidren1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：D6小题>、【正确答案】：D7小题>、【正确答案】：B8小题>、【正确答案】：C9小题>、【正确答案】：B10小题>、【正确答案】：A11小题>、【正确答案】：B12小题>、【正确答案】：A13小题>、【正确答案】：B14小题>、【正确答案】：C15小题>、【正确答案】：C16小题>、【正确答案】：D 17小题>、【正确答案】：B 18小题>、【正确答案】：D 19小题>、【正确答案】：A 20小题>、【正确答案】：C 【参考解析】：无。
英语四六级考试题及答案
英语四六级考试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the man going to do this evening?A) Go to the cinema.B) Visit his parents.C) Do some shopping.D) Attend a lecture.答案：A2. Why did the woman refuse the job offer?A) The salary was too low.B) She didn't like the working hours.C) The company was too far away.D) She preferred to work in a different city.答案：B二、阅读理解（共40分）Passage 1The benefits of learning a second language have been widely recognized. It not only broadens one's horizons but also enhances cognitive abilities.36. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of learning a second language.B) The disadvantages of being bilingual.C) The challenges of learning a new language.D) The cognitive benefits of multilingualism.答案：APassage 2With the rapid development of technology, the way we communicate has changed dramatically.37. According to the passage, what has been the impact of technology on communication?A) It has made communication more difficult.B) It has led to a decline in face-to-face interactions.C) It has improved the efficiency of communication.D) It has caused people to rely too much on electronic devices.答案：C三、词汇与语法（共20分）38. The weather turned out to be very fine, ________ was more than we could expect.A) thatB) itC) whichD) this答案：C39. She is ________ to win the competition, as she has been practicing very hard.A) capableB) reliableC) likelyD) probable答案：C四、翻译（共20分）40. 随着经济的发展，越来越多的人能够负担得起出国旅游的费用。
四六级英语试题及答案
四六级英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. A) 根据所听内容，选择正确答案。
A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] A2. B) 根据对话内容，回答以下问题。
What is the man's main purpose for visiting the woman?A) To return a book.B) To borrow a book.C) To discuss a project.D) To ask for directions.[答案] C二、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读以下短文，回答问题1-5。
Passage 1[短文内容]56. What is the main idea of the passage?A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] B57. According to the passage, what can we learn about the author?A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] A2. 阅读以下短文，回答问题6-10。
Passage 2[短文内容]58. Why did the company decide to relocate its headquarters?A) 选项AB) 选项BC) 选项CD) 选项D[答案] C59-61. [其他问题及答案]三、完型填空（共20分）1. 阅读下面的短文，从所给选项中选择最佳答案填空。
[短文内容]62. A) DespiteB) BecauseC) AlthoughD) Since[答案] A63-71. [其他问题及答案]四、翻译（共15分）1. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。
72. 他每天早晨都会去公园跑步。
[答案] He goes for a run in the park every morning.73-75. [其他句子及答案]五、写作（共15分）1. 根据以下提示写一篇不少于120字的短文。
2020年7月全国大学生英语四六级考试四级试题(第一套)
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.
Questions26to35are based on the following passage.
“Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated." Those were the words uttered by pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin, who firmly believed that the pursuit of science should be (26)to all.
Questions8to11are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions12to15are based on the paቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱsage you have just heard.
英语四六级考试试题
英语四六级考试试题
英语四六级考试试题包括写作、听力、阅读和翻译四个部分，具体内容如下：
1. 写作部分：要求考生根据所给提示写一篇英语短文，字数在120-150字之间。
写作主要测试学生用英语表达思想、描述事物的能力。
2. 听力部分：包括长对话、听力篇章和新闻三个部分。
长对话和听力篇章通常是两篇，每篇大约150字，有三个问题。
新闻也是两篇，每篇约100字，有三个问题。
3. 阅读部分：阅读理解部分包括词汇理解、长篇阅读和选词填空三部分。
其中词汇理解为一篇，有10个问题；长篇阅读有两篇，每篇有5个问题；选词填空有三篇，每篇有5个问题。
4. 翻译部分：要求考生将一篇中文短文翻译成英文，内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济和社会发展等方面。
以上是英语四六级考试的基本题型和要求，具体考试形式和要求可能会因地区和考试机构而有所不同。
2023年7月全国大学生英语四六级考试六级试卷(第四套)
2023年7月全国大学生英语四六级考试六级试卷(第四套)第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. A) Borrow a pen from the speaker.2. C) Take notes on the lecture.3. B) Ask Mr. Johnson for help.4. C) Go to the campus library.5. A) Attend the talk and discuss the topic.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）6. C) Diverse cultural backgrounds.7. A) Its size and population.8. D) Rome's historical significance.9. B) The quality of local universities.10. D) The choice of cuisine.11. B) The importance of art.12. C) It is a milestone in dance music history.13. A) It is an improvisational style of music.14. C) It is often used in animated films.15. D) It reflects Jamaican culture.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）Passage 1:16. D) The importance of deforestation.17. A) Carbon emissions.18. B) China and India.19. C) Afforestation efforts.20. D) The current rate of deforestation.Passage 2:21. B) It lacks evidence from clinical trials.22. C) They can help reduce symptom severity.23. A) They are more effective for mild illnesses.24. C) There are potential side effects.25. D) It is necessary to find alternatives.Passage 3:26. A) The impact of increased screen time on sleep.27. C) Blue light's effect on sleep quality.28. B) Melatonin's role in regulating sleep.29. C) Using digital devices at bedtime.30. D) Limiting exposure to blue light.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）31. A) Promote environmental awareness.32. D) A tool for beach cleaning.33. B) It collects plastic waste effectively.34. C) It reduces the risk of marine pollution.35. D) It is inspired by the algae species.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）36. B) struggle37. D) exhausted38. A) convinced39. C) amazed40. B) motivated41. A) Although42. D) sooner43. C) care44. A) necessary45. B) effort46. D) transformed47. C) level48. A) declared49. B) participate50. D) missing51. A) seek52. B) expenses53. C) realistic54. D) equipped55. A) however56. C) expected第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）57. that58. a59. which60. to solve61. of62. in63. what64. them65. for66. has shown第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1. 在shares后加上an2. 将have改为has4. 将were改为was5. 将buying改为buy6. 删除the7. 将to改为of8. 将same改为similar9. 在was后加上also10. 删除is第二节：写作（满分25分）暂无参考答案。
大学生英语四六级考试
大学生英语四六级考试大学生英语四六级考试，全称为全国大学英语四、六级考试（College English Test Band 4 and Band 6，简称CET-4和CET-6），是中国教育部主管的一项全国性英语考试，主要面向在校大学生，用以评估其英语水平。
该考试自1987年首次实施以来，已成为衡量中国大学生英语水平的重要标准之一。
考试分为四级和六级两个级别，四级考试主要面向大学本科二年级学生，六级考试则面向大学本科三年级及以上学生。
考试内容包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分，旨在全面考察学生的英语综合应用能力。
听力部分，四级考试的听力材料包括短对话、长对话、短文理解和复合式听写，六级考试则包括长对话、短文理解和讲座/报道理解。
听力材料的语速和难度随着级别的提高而增加，要求考生能够准确捕捉信息并做出快速反应。
阅读部分，四级考试的阅读材料包括快速阅读、仔细阅读和选词填空，六级考试则包括长篇阅读和仔细阅读。
考生需要在限定时间内完成阅读任务，并准确理解文章的主旨大意和细节信息。
写作部分，四级考试要求考生根据给定的题目或图表写一篇短文，六级考试则要求考生根据给定的题目写一篇议论文。
写作部分考察考生的语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力和组织文章的能力。
翻译部分，四级考试的翻译题目通常为汉译英，要求考生将一段中文材料翻译成英文；六级考试则为英译汉，要求考生将一段英文材料翻译成中文。
翻译部分考察考生的语言转换能力和对两种语言文化差异的理解。
考试成绩以满分710分计，其中听力、阅读、写作和翻译各占一定比例。
四级考试的合格分数线为425分，六级考试的合格分数线为425分。
考试成绩不仅影响学生的学业评价，还可能成为未来求职和升学的重要参考。
为了备考四六级考试，大学生通常会参加各种培训课程，进行大量的模拟练习，以提高自己的英语水平。
同时，学校也会提供相应的辅导资源，帮助学生更好地准备考试。
通过四六级考试，不仅能够证明个人的英语能力，还能为未来的学术和职业生涯打下坚实的基础。
全国大学英语四六级考试安全和考风考纪责任书.doc
全国大学英语四六级考试安全和考风考纪责任书
所在单位：
本人参加2019年下半年全国大学英语考试（CET）〔□监考人员□考务人员□保卷人员〕工作，已经学习了《国家教育考试违规处理办法》、《关于做好2019年下半年全国大学英语四六级考试（CET）考务工作的通知》有关精神，参加了学校组织的监考、考务培训会议，认真学习了学校下发的考务手册。
本人已知晓该考试试题在启封并使用完毕前按国家机密级事项管理。
本人愿意执行规定，遵守纪律，履行责任，并郑重承诺：
1.本人无直系亲属或者利害关系人参加本次考试；
2.本人愿意自觉遵守保密纪律；
3.本人严格遵守各项考试、考务管理规定，认真履行岗位职责；
4.本人自愿签订此责任书，自觉接受监督、检查，如违反责任书之规定，自愿接受相关处理;
5.此责任书签订后由考点统一备案。
本人签字：
年月日
1。
2020年7月全国大学生英语四六级考试四级试题(第一套)
2020年7月全国大学生英语四六级考试四级试题(第一套)XXX。
n apps have made it easier for people to XXX can translate text。
voice。
and even images。
making it convenient for travelers。
students。
and business people to XXX。
n apps are also useful for language learners who want to improve their language skills。
They can use these apps to check their XXX.Passage 1XXX of taking a gap year before starting college。
According to the speaker。
taking a gap year can help students gain new experiences。
learn new skills。
and explore their interests。
It can also give them time to think about their XXX。
the speaker also warns that taking a gap year is not for everyone。
and students should carefully consider their ns before making a n.Passage 2The passage discusses the importance of sleep for our health and well-being。
According to the speaker。
sleep plays a crucialrole in our physical and mental health。
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英语四、六级考试Part I Writing (30 minutes)5C法则：clear, complete, correct, coherent, concise.写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。
写作部分考核的技能是：A思想表达1.表达中心思想2.表达重要或特定信息3.表达观点、态度等B篇章组织4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇C语言运用6.运用恰当的词汇7.运用正确的语法8.运用合适的句子结构9.使用正确的标点符号10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等)D写作格式11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)四级的阅读理解主要包含量大部分：快速阅读理解和仔细阅读理解。
快速阅读部分要求考生在15分钟的时间内读完一篇1000字左右的文章和后面的10道题。
前面7道题是判断正误题(包括NOT GIVEN)或者是单项选择题，后3道是填空题，即根据对阅读材料的理解，填3到4个单词或短语(答案基本都是原文中出现的原词)。
快速阅读要求我们运用略读或查读的技能从文章中获取信息。
仔细阅读部分要求考生阅读三篇短文。
仔细阅读理解部分测试考生在不同层面上的阅读能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推理判断及根据上下文推测词义等。
大学英语四级考试的阅读文章体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文，其中说明文和议论文为主要测试文体;在阅读题材方面，科技类大约占25%，人文类大约占45%，经济类大约占15%，综合类大约占5%，环境类比例小，近几年有上升趋势。
因此，学生应针对不同的体裁和题材进行有侧重点的备考复习。
在做阅读理解的过程中，如果掌握正确的阅读方法和阅读技巧，阅读速度就会大大提升，同时提高阅读的准确度。
因此在平时的复习中，要注意培养常用三种阅读方法：略读、查读、意群阅读法。
略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。
换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。
略读有下列四个特点：(1)以极快的速度阅读大量材料，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。
(2)可以跳过某个部分。
(3)理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
(4)根据文章的难易程度和所要达到的目的，不断地灵活调整阅读速度。
略读可以运用下列技巧：(1)要利用印刷细节，如书或文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对书和文章进行预测略读。
预测略读要了解作者的思路，以便把握大意、有关的细节及其相互关系。
(2)阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况、作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等。
(3)阅读段落的主题句和结论句。
抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。
(4)注意转折词和序列词。
转折词如however, moreover, in addition等，序列词如firstly, secondly等。
(5)若无需要，不必阅读细节。
总之，采用略读方法往往能够帮助我们确定文章的主题和作者的观点，以及文章的结构和作者的风格。
查读，同略读一样，也是一种快速阅读技巧。
查读的目的主要是有目标地去找出文中某些特定的信息，也就是说，在对文章有所了解(即略读)后，在文章中查找与某一问题、某一观点或某一单词有关的信息，寻找解题的可靠依据。
查读时，要以很快的速度扫视文章，确定所查询的信息范围。
在四级快速阅读的测试文章中，如果给出明确的小标题，这就能够帮助很快地锁定解题范围。
同时，还应该注意题目中体现出的所查信息的特点。
如：问题或填空的句子中涉及到人名、地名，则主要寻找首字母大写的单词;有关日期、数目的问题，则主要查找具体数字;有关某个事件、某种观点等，就需要寻找与此相关的关键词，而与所查信息无关的内容可一掠而过。
查读是以某个细节的关键词为目标，目光很快地扫过文章，直到发现与问题有关的文字，迅速锁定答案。
在回答细节题目的时候(也就是我们通常所说的五个“W”和一个“H”，即What，Who，When，Where，Why，How)，查读的效率之高就凸显出来了。
这种有选择性的阅读，特点是“带着问题找答案”，也就是说，在阅读文章之前就已经明白要回答什么样的问题，要找出什么方面的信息，然后带着这些问题进行阅读，在文章中找出某些具体的事实和信息。
这种“带着问题找答案”的方法，关键在于要熟悉不同体裁文章中信息的分布特点，否则就很难快速地找到所需信息。
所谓意群，就是有意义的短语和语法结构。
所谓意群阅读法是指把在意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词，连接成相对完整的信息，成群消化理解的方法。
意群阅读法是以意群而不是单词为最小阅读单位的一种快速阅读方法。
它不仅可以提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解，而不是死抠字眼，逐词理解。
一个好的阅读者在阅读过程中眼睛的移动是从一个意群到另一个意群;而普通阅读者阅读时则是从一个单词移动到另一个单词。
运用意群阅读法既可以提高阅读的速度，又可以提高答题的正确率。
下面分别就各种题型的解题技巧和方法一一做一介绍：一、快速阅读理解1、解题步骤第一步，略读全文，浏览大标题，分析小标题浏览大标题的目的是为了对文章内容有大致的了解。
而分析小标题则是为了把握文章的总体结构，了解文章内容的基本构成。
如果阅读理解的篇幅较短，考试中可以直接用题目中的关键词汇定位，但是面对长篇累牍的快速阅读，考生首先应当留意文章当中是否有小标题。
如果有，一定要先读小标题，因为小标题的作用如同目录，可以帮助考生宏观地把握文章框架，迅速寻找到有效信息的范围。
有时文章没有小标题，这时须按下列顺序浏览全文：第一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句——以下每一段的第一句——最后一段的第一句和最后一句。
这种方法，意味着已经开始阅读，所以花的时间要长一些，但应该控制在两分钟之内。
第二步，仔细读题，划出标志词或关键词标志词指的是专有名词(人名、地名、组织名、国名等)和数字等有标志性的单词，根据这些单词，我们可以对试题涉及的内容在文章中的位置进行快速定位。
如果试题中没有标志词，那么就根据试题中的名词、名词词组、动词、动词词组、形容词和形容词词组确定试题提问的内容，然后再确定试题在文章中的位置。
第三步，答题在答题时，首先要根据标志词或关键词确定试题所在的部分，即在哪一个小标题下。
如果文章没有小标题，也可以对试题在文章中的位置进行模糊定位。
因为真题的出题顺序与原文的相关位置是一致的。
也就是说，第四题答案的位置绝不会在第三题前面(但模拟题远非如此，所以模拟题较难)。
因此我们答题时，不要一道题一道题地答，而要两道两道地做，前后呼应，能更好地定位。
二、选词填空(1)细节题主要对文中具体事实和细节(facts and details)进行提问。
有时候，这类题目会进一步演化为是非判断题(true or false)，考查我们的辨别和排除能力。
提问方式一般为：When (Where, Who, Why, What, How)…?All of the following are mentioned in the passage except…According to the passage, the best answer to…is…The author says…because…Which of the following may be the best reason for…在做细节题时，首先应当仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。
通常细节题的答案在文章中都会找到，但是答案的表述和原文会有所差别，常常不是文章中的原话，而是词语或句子的同义表达。
关键词的确定也有技巧。
如果题目或选项中有专有名词(人名、地名等)、数字(年代、时间等)要将此定位为关键词。
因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案。
如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。
在所给的选项中有3个属于干扰项，有的是片面性的，有的是部分正确，有的虽属文章相关内容，但不切合问题，有的用同义词、近义词或形似词进行干扰。
因此，核对4个选项时，务必慎重，千万不要粗心大意，千万不要想当然。
无论从数量还是分值上看，细节类问题都是至关重要的。
因此，平时要多读多练，熟悉并掌握细节类问题的解题步骤和技巧。
(2)主旨题主旨题是对文章中心思想的提问，主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。
主旨题的提问方式多种多样，例如：What’s the main idea of…?What’s the topic of…?What’s the purpose of…?What’s the point of…?What’s the best title of…?在解答主旨题时首先要确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置。
文章的主题句通常位于首段或尾段，有时也出现在文章的中间段落。
段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾，有时也在段落的中间。
如有主题句，就能很容易确定文章或段落的主题从而选出正确的答案。
如果文章中没有明显的主题句，就应该带着问题细读文章的首段和尾段找出其中心，抓住每个段落的主题句，明确文章的中心思想。
注意：如果文章主旨题出现在第一题，先不要做这道题，把后面的题做完后再回头做第一题，这样可以节省很多时间。
(3)推理题与细节性问题相似，推理题也是对文章具体内容的判断。
但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义，还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识，从文章表面推出更深层含义，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，出错也最多，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。
推理题通常包括以下内容：(1) 针对文章中的某个细节进行推断;(2)根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路。
(3)推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容。
这类题常见的提问方式有：By saying…, the author suggests that…What’s the author’s attitude towards…?It can be inferred that the preceding/following paragraph of the passage most probably discussed…From the passage, it can be inferred that…It is implied, but not stated, that…推理题在大学英语四级考试阅读理解中是比较难的一类试题，在做推理题时切忌主观臆断，推理必须基于文章中的具体事实细节。