北师大版高中英语选修七重点语法汇总
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选修7重点语法汇总
Unit19
一.名词性从句
在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类:
连接词that,whether,if;
连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;
连接副词when,where,why,how等。
1.连接词that,whether,if引导
①That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②It was doubtful whether/if the manager knew the details of the plan.
经理是否知道计划的细节还不确定。
【注】(1)if引导的主语从句主语从句不可放在句首,只能放于it作形式主语的句子中。Whether引导的语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾,if和whether在句中都不充当成他,意为“是否”
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:
A. It+系动词+形容词(possible,easy,necessary,polite)+that从句。如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
B. It+系动词+名词(no wander,a pity,an honor)+that从句。如:
It is no wander he was so sad.难怪他这么伤心呢。
C. It+be+v.ed(known,said,expected,thought,reported,etc.)形式+that从句。如:
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out. 据宣布计划已经顺利实施。D.It seems/happens+that从句
It happened that he passed by the house.碰巧他经过那栋房子。
2.连接代词引导
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
②who the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。
3.连接副词引导
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear. 针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。
②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。
宾语从句
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类:
连接词that,whether,if等,
连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等,
连接副词when,where,why,how等。
1.连接词that,whether,if引导
①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
【注】whether/if都意为是否。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,但以下情况中,只能用whether。
(1)与or not紧接连用时。如:
Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。
(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如:
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2.连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等如:
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。
②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
3.连接副词引导when,where,why,how等
①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。
4.宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如:
①He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。5.宾语从句的时态
(1)主现从随意当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)