医学科研论文的的撰写
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2. Summerize the key pionts of your research
3. Write
4. Revise and simplify 5. Phase and words improvement 6. Double check
Introduction/Backgroud/Aim
重点在于研究目的和要解决的问题
综述 (Review) 字数一般约5000个
系统评价（Meta analysis） 字数限制约3000~5000个 个案报道（Case report）
How
to write an original paper
原创性研究论文 Original Research Paper
字数限制约3000~5000个 参考文献数、图与表的数目皆有一定限制
Too many words （字数太多） Ambiguous（含糊不清）
Boring（主题无聊）
Nothing new（没有新意）
Using Abbreviation or chemical formula (缩写词、化学式）
Bad title
复合感染法联合5/6肾切除制作IgAN肾小球硬化模型 的建立及其评价 (语法错误) 肾糖颗粒对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及病理 形态的影响 （内容重复，不简练） 金雀异黄素对晚期糖基化终末产物刺激大鼠系膜细 胞氧化应激反应的保护作用 （模糊不清，字太多）
( 15%)
The slit diaphragm (SD) of podocyte impairment
contributes to massive proteinuria and progressive
glomerulosclerosis in many human glomerular diseases. The aim of the study was to determine if thiazolidinedione (TZD) reduce proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in focal segmental
What are the major contributions from your paper?
The basic content of a paper
Title （标题） abstract （摘要） key words （关键词） introduction （引言） Methods （方法） results (结果)
Conclusion：The significance of your discover （15%）
A good abstract
Following the guidline of the journal Hang out together(自成一段),clear, including keywords,no abbreviation,no refrences Is a independent part of a paper
——立题依据
What have known/unknown？
——背景
What you wanted to resolve？
——目标
How you did it？
——材料与方法
Байду номын сангаас
What you have gained at last？
——结果与结论
What is a good paper-The “W” rule
所报导的研究须符合实证科学的逻辑，能为此领域提供 有价值的新知识或讯息 要得出一个结论，提供支持结论所必须的数据（结果部 分），并对之进行阐释（讨论部分）
A paper like a story!
What is the topic？
——主题
Why you carried out the research？
A good Title
Creative (有创造性)
Abstractive (有吸引力) Accurate（正确） Complete（完整） Specific（具体） Unambiguous（清晰） Concise（简练）
Troubleshooting of the Title
医学科研论文撰写
How to write a medical paper
Speaker: Huafeng Liu, Ph.D.
医学研究论文的种类
原创性研究论文（Original paper） 字数限制约3000~5000个 短讯 (Short Communication) 字数限制约500~800个 评论(Comments, Opinion) 字数限制约500~800个 致编辑函(Letter to Editor) 字数限制约300~500个
What key experiments or innovative methods should be carried out? What are the significant outcomes obtained? What problems have been answered/addressed?
Conclusion
结果为什么重要？意义？(15%)
The study data suggest that TZD are promising therapeutic agents on FSGS, and the mechanism may
What is (are) the major problem (s) that need (s) to be studied/addressed (significance)?
Why is (are) this (these) problem (s) important (hypothesis)?
Including tables,figures and figure legend
discussion （讨论） acknowledgements （致谢） disclosure （声明） references （参考文献）
Title
• Specialists said: Many people will read the title of your paper, but not read the entire paper,or even the abstract.
慢性肾脏病患者血清TGFβ1与纤维化指标的相关性 研究 （相互包含，不够具体）
肾炎康复片对肾脏细胞外基质作用及机制研究 （不 够具体，无新意太泛）
Abstract
• Besides the title , reveiwers or readers may be only read the abstract.
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by preserving the
structure and function of SD.
Methods
研究是怎样设计的？采用了哪些技术？使用何 种统计学方法？(15-20%)
Adriamycin-induced FSGS rat models were employed. Urinary protein content was measured dynamically during the experiment. Additional biochemical parameters in serum samples were measured after the animals were killed. Glomerular sclerosis index (SI) and podocyte foot processes fusion rate (PFR) were evaluated. The protein and mRNA expressing levels of nephrin, podocin and CD2associated protein (CD2AP) in glomeruli were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The density of podocytes was also evaluated after anti-Wilms’ tumour-1 immunohistochemical staining.
Including specific data
Accurate Readable and logical
How to write a good abstract
Steps:
1. Read the guidline of the journal(words number and format)
The most import part of a paper
You aways write the abstract part at the end
The contents of a Abstract
Introduction/Backgroud： Problem,hypothesis,and objective（15%) Methods：Research design、method and statistics（15-20%） Results：the important discover（50-55%
Is central subject of a paper Very important
The style of a Title
单一短语: 短语组合: 陈述:
Proteinuria as a Risk Factor in renal failure Proteinuria : a Risk Factor in Renal Failure proteinuria is a Risk Factor in Renal Failure
Results
最重要的发现是什么？(50-55%)
Rosiglitazone treatment partially reduced proteinuria, but did not significantly affect the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, glucose, urea nitrogen and creatinine in Adriamycin-induced FSGS rats. Glomerular SI and podocyte foot PFR were significantly attenuated by rosiglitazone treatment. Rosiglitazone prevented the reduction of nephrin, podocin and CD2AP protein expression induced by Adriamycin, however, the mRNA expression levels of these SD-related markers did not change significantly. Rosiglitazone therapy did not reverse Adriamycin-mediated reduction of the density of podocytes.
组合性陈述: Proteinuria is a Risk Factor in Renal Failure : a clinical study
问题:
Is Proteinuria a Risk Factor in Renal Failure?
组合性问题: Is Proteinuria a Risk Factor in Renal Failure? Lessons learn from clinical study
3. Write
4. Revise and simplify 5. Phase and words improvement 6. Double check
Introduction/Backgroud/Aim
重点在于研究目的和要解决的问题
综述 (Review) 字数一般约5000个
系统评价（Meta analysis） 字数限制约3000~5000个 个案报道（Case report）
How
to write an original paper
原创性研究论文 Original Research Paper
字数限制约3000~5000个 参考文献数、图与表的数目皆有一定限制
Too many words （字数太多） Ambiguous（含糊不清）
Boring（主题无聊）
Nothing new（没有新意）
Using Abbreviation or chemical formula (缩写词、化学式）
Bad title
复合感染法联合5/6肾切除制作IgAN肾小球硬化模型 的建立及其评价 (语法错误) 肾糖颗粒对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及病理 形态的影响 （内容重复，不简练） 金雀异黄素对晚期糖基化终末产物刺激大鼠系膜细 胞氧化应激反应的保护作用 （模糊不清，字太多）
( 15%)
The slit diaphragm (SD) of podocyte impairment
contributes to massive proteinuria and progressive
glomerulosclerosis in many human glomerular diseases. The aim of the study was to determine if thiazolidinedione (TZD) reduce proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in focal segmental
What are the major contributions from your paper?
The basic content of a paper
Title （标题） abstract （摘要） key words （关键词） introduction （引言） Methods （方法） results (结果)
Conclusion：The significance of your discover （15%）
A good abstract
Following the guidline of the journal Hang out together(自成一段),clear, including keywords,no abbreviation,no refrences Is a independent part of a paper
——立题依据
What have known/unknown？
——背景
What you wanted to resolve？
——目标
How you did it？
——材料与方法
Байду номын сангаас
What you have gained at last？
——结果与结论
What is a good paper-The “W” rule
所报导的研究须符合实证科学的逻辑，能为此领域提供 有价值的新知识或讯息 要得出一个结论，提供支持结论所必须的数据（结果部 分），并对之进行阐释（讨论部分）
A paper like a story!
What is the topic？
——主题
Why you carried out the research？
A good Title
Creative (有创造性)
Abstractive (有吸引力) Accurate（正确） Complete（完整） Specific（具体） Unambiguous（清晰） Concise（简练）
Troubleshooting of the Title
医学科研论文撰写
How to write a medical paper
Speaker: Huafeng Liu, Ph.D.
医学研究论文的种类
原创性研究论文（Original paper） 字数限制约3000~5000个 短讯 (Short Communication) 字数限制约500~800个 评论(Comments, Opinion) 字数限制约500~800个 致编辑函(Letter to Editor) 字数限制约300~500个
What key experiments or innovative methods should be carried out? What are the significant outcomes obtained? What problems have been answered/addressed?
Conclusion
结果为什么重要？意义？(15%)
The study data suggest that TZD are promising therapeutic agents on FSGS, and the mechanism may
What is (are) the major problem (s) that need (s) to be studied/addressed (significance)?
Why is (are) this (these) problem (s) important (hypothesis)?
Including tables,figures and figure legend
discussion （讨论） acknowledgements （致谢） disclosure （声明） references （参考文献）
Title
• Specialists said: Many people will read the title of your paper, but not read the entire paper,or even the abstract.
慢性肾脏病患者血清TGFβ1与纤维化指标的相关性 研究 （相互包含，不够具体）
肾炎康复片对肾脏细胞外基质作用及机制研究 （不 够具体，无新意太泛）
Abstract
• Besides the title , reveiwers or readers may be only read the abstract.
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by preserving the
structure and function of SD.
Methods
研究是怎样设计的？采用了哪些技术？使用何 种统计学方法？(15-20%)
Adriamycin-induced FSGS rat models were employed. Urinary protein content was measured dynamically during the experiment. Additional biochemical parameters in serum samples were measured after the animals were killed. Glomerular sclerosis index (SI) and podocyte foot processes fusion rate (PFR) were evaluated. The protein and mRNA expressing levels of nephrin, podocin and CD2associated protein (CD2AP) in glomeruli were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The density of podocytes was also evaluated after anti-Wilms’ tumour-1 immunohistochemical staining.
Including specific data
Accurate Readable and logical
How to write a good abstract
Steps:
1. Read the guidline of the journal(words number and format)
The most import part of a paper
You aways write the abstract part at the end
The contents of a Abstract
Introduction/Backgroud： Problem,hypothesis,and objective（15%) Methods：Research design、method and statistics（15-20%） Results：the important discover（50-55%
Is central subject of a paper Very important
The style of a Title
单一短语: 短语组合: 陈述:
Proteinuria as a Risk Factor in renal failure Proteinuria : a Risk Factor in Renal Failure proteinuria is a Risk Factor in Renal Failure
Results
最重要的发现是什么？(50-55%)
Rosiglitazone treatment partially reduced proteinuria, but did not significantly affect the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, glucose, urea nitrogen and creatinine in Adriamycin-induced FSGS rats. Glomerular SI and podocyte foot PFR were significantly attenuated by rosiglitazone treatment. Rosiglitazone prevented the reduction of nephrin, podocin and CD2AP protein expression induced by Adriamycin, however, the mRNA expression levels of these SD-related markers did not change significantly. Rosiglitazone therapy did not reverse Adriamycin-mediated reduction of the density of podocytes.
组合性陈述: Proteinuria is a Risk Factor in Renal Failure : a clinical study
问题:
Is Proteinuria a Risk Factor in Renal Failure?
组合性问题: Is Proteinuria a Risk Factor in Renal Failure? Lessons learn from clinical study