(完整word版)英语词法笔记1.doc

1.表感官的系动词： look, sound, taste, smell, feel （这些词用形容词作表语）

2.表似乎的系动词seem, appear

3.表变化的系动词： become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run

4.表依旧的系动词： remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold

5.可带名词作表语的系动词： become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn （该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：He turned teacher. ）

6.如果读者对于这个语法现象还是不怎么理解的话，可以以这个名句为例子学

学： the man who dies rich dies disgraced. 在巨富中死去，是一种耻辱。其中

的

rich and disgraced 是说明主语的性质的。

1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有 be 一词，例如：

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（ is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

感官动词

1.see, hear, listen to, watch, notice 等词，后接宾语，再接省略 to 的动词不定式或 ing 形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上

的词也常跟动词原形。

注释 : 省略 to 的动词不定式 --to do 是动词不定式，省略了 to, 剩下 do，其形式

和动词原形是一样的，但说法不同。

see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事

see sb doing sth 看到某人在做某事

hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事

hear sb doing sth 听到某人在做某事

以此类推 ...

I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. ( 我入睡时有人正敲门 , 强调当时正在敲门 )

I heard someone knock at the door three times. ( 听到有人敲门的全过程 ) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. ( 此处有频率词 often)

（了解）若以上词用于被动语态，须将省略的to 还原：

see sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth

hear sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth

以此类推 ...

Wesaw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant.

I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day.

2. 感官动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 可当系动词，后接形容词。

He looks angry.

His explanation sounds reasonable.

The cakes smell nice.

The dishes taste delicious.

The silk feels smooth.

注意：如果加介词like构成词组,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：

sound like听起来像...

look like看起来像...

That sounds like a good idea.

It sounds like great fun.

It smells like a flower.

It tastes like salt.

3.如何判断 look 是实义动词还是感官动词 ?

当 look 理解为 " 看起来 " 时, 是感官动词 , 后接形容词 .

The naughty boys broke the window.The teacher looked angry.

当 look 理解为 " 看" 或者与其它词构成词组时 , 是实义动词 , 需要用副词修饰 .

The teacher looked angrily at the naughty boys.

want to do 想做某事， want 意思是“想要”，主语常是人 want doing 需要做某事， want 意思是“需要、要求”，主语常是物want to do 很常见，无需举例。下面那种用法，给你

一个例句： The plants want watering daily. 这些花草得天天浇水。need to do 需要做某事，表示主动，主语一般是人need doing 某物 / 事需要，表示被动，主语常是物。给一个例句： The garden does not need watering — it rained last night. 花园不用浇水了—昨夜刚下过雨。这两个句型里， need 都是实意动词，而不是情态动词。like to do 跟like doing 基本可以互换，如果非要区别，那么 like doing 表示一种习惯性的动作，like to do 表示一次性的动作。很多时候，不做那么细的区分。

表祝愿感谢的词一般都用复数如wishes Best wishes for you.

加 for 是指对某人怎么怎么样，比如 it's good for you to study English.( 学习英语对你有好处 ),加 of 是指人怎么怎么样，指品质，比如it's kind of you to help me.( 你帮助了我，你真善良 )

I have only one dollar in my wallet.这个句子里only修饰a dollar,意思是我的钱包里只

有一块钱 ,不会有 3 元钱。

I only have one dollar in my wallet.这个句子only修饰整个句子,也就修饰我把钱放入钱

包这个动作 ,意思是我只在钱包里放了一块钱，如果有 3 元钱，那 2 元钱是别人放的（不是

我放的） .

在英语里 ,这是 2 个相差比较大的意思,一个反映钱包里的事物,一个反映人物的处理事物态

度,但是中文文化里这二个句子翻译过来 ,很容易没有区别 .因为中文思维里就是一个人钱包里一

块钱 ,没有那么多的区别 .

I have only you, only 修饰宾语只有你是我的所有（你是我唯一的我没有其他人 )。

I only have you, only 修饰谓语我只能靠你（别的事做不来全靠你了）。

“need ”既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但是它们的用法不同。

作为情态动词的“ need ”的用法与其他情态动词“can ”，“ may ”，“ must ”的用法基

本相同：在限定动词词组中总是位居第一，没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing 分词或-ed 分词等形式；第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化；情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一

个限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词.

下面是“ need ”作为情态动词的用法：

一、 need 表示“需要”或“必须”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。例如：

1 ． You needn't do it again．你不需要再做了。

2 ． He needn't worry about it ．这件事他无需担心。

3 ． Need he do this homework first ？他需要先做这些作业吗？

4 ． Need they fill in the form ？他们需要填表吗？

二、在否定句中，可以用 need 的否定形式＋不定式完成体。例如：

1 ． We needn't have worried ．其实我们不必要慌。

2 ． You needn't have mentioned it ．你本来不必提起这件事。

3 ． You needn't have said that when he asked ．当他问的时候，你其实不必要说。

三、 needn't 后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。例如：

1 ． He needn't be standing in the rain ．他不必要站在雨中。

2 ． We needn't be waiting in this place ．我们不必要在这儿等。

3 ． The hedges needn't be trimmed thisweek ．本周树蓠不必要整修。

做实意动词时 ,有两种用法：

1.need to do sth.需要做某事

e.g I need to study hard for th exam.我需要为了考试努力学习.

He needed to drink some water.他需要喝些水.

2.need doing sth.需要被做某事（=need to be done sth.）

e.g The flowers need watering every day.花需要每天（被）浇水.

=The flowers need to be watered every day.

The classroom needs cleaning.教室需要（被）打扫.

=The classroom needs to be cleaned.

在英语的使用中“出售”使用最多的是，for sale与on sale这两个词组。下面新东方英语小编跟大家介绍这两者之间的区别：

on sale有两个意思：

一是表示“出售”，与 for sale 不同，它表示的是“进入销售环节”“处于被销售的状态”。如：

Tickets are on sale from the booking office.售票处正在售票。

This week's edition is on sale now at your local newsagents.本期周刊已公开发售，读者可向各报贩购买。

The government will put on sale a special issue of coins today.政府将于今天出售特别发行的硬币。

All tickets go on sale this Friday.所有票在本星期五开始销售。

The new stamps are now on sale at main post offices.新邮票现在各大邮局有售。

二是表示“廉价出售”“打折出售”。如：

Bedding usually goes on sale in January.床上用品通常在一月份降价出售。

All video equipment is on sale today and tomorrow.今明两天所有录像设备降价销售。

I bought this coat on sale, for $20 less than the original price.我大减价时买到这件大衣，它比原价降低20 美元。

He was looking for a TV and found one on sale.他正想买电视机，结果找到了一

台特价的。

for sale的意思是“待售”“供出售”，即“用于出售”。请体会下面的句子：

These items are just for show—they're not for sale.这些物品仅供展览——不卖。

Car for sale：one careful owner, low mileage.售车：车主用车仔细，行驶里程数

少。

That chair is not for sale.那把椅子是非卖品。

I'm sorry, it's not for sale.抱歉，这个不卖。

We don't want our car anymore; it is for sale.我们的汽车不想要了，供出售。

The company was put up for sale yesterday in a shock move by management.

资方作出惊人之举，竟在昨天要出售公司。

Note the“ For Sale” signs in front of many of the houses.注意许多住房前面

的“此房出售”标记。

afternoon, 和 morning 都是一个时间段。而 Noon,night 是一个时间点，中午 12 点和晚上 12 点，所以用 at。。。记得老师是这么教的。平常固定词组是 At night in the evening

too much ，too many 和 much too 的区别

too much 指的是过多，过分，用作副词或代词，形容词修饰不可数名词

too many 指的是多；过多；泼天 ; 接可数名词复数

much too指的是太；非常，作副词,后接副词或形容词

Many 是 adj/n,much 是 adj,adv,too 是 adv. 没有 many too 这个词

Listen &Hear ，同样是“听” ，可是为什么有时要用 listen ，有时却要用 hear 呢？原因其实很简单。

①L isten 表示有意识地去听，注重“去听”这个动作

②Hear 多表示无意识地听见，注重“听见”这个结果

我们举个例子感受一下：

listen to me （听我说）； hear me （听到我的声音）

listen to the music （听这个音乐）； hear the music （听到这个音乐）

一、 Listen

不及物动词，不能直接跟名词，中间必须加个介词，比如“ listen to ”

listen to （听）

My mom always listens to the radio when she drives.

我妈开车的时候总是听广播

listen for（等着听）

We were listening for the result. 我们都在等着听结果

listen in （收听）

Don ’t forget to listen in to the news. 别忘了收听新闻

listen in on （偷听）

It seems like someone is listening in on us. 好像有人在偷听我们说话

listen up （听好了）

Hey everybody, listen up! 大家听好了！

二、 Hear

及物动词，后面可以直接跟名词，比如“ hear the sound ”

hear （听到）

Can you hear me? 你能听到我吗？

hear do （听到做）

She heard him close the door. 她听到了他关门的声音

hear doing （听到正在做）

Can you hear someone is singing outside?你能听到外面有人唱歌吗？

be heard to do（被听到做）

She didn't want to be heard to cry. 她不想被别人听到她哭泣

hear about （听说）

I heard a lot about him. 我听说了很多关于他的事

in hospital, 住院

at hospital, 在医院工作

in the hospital “在医院里” ,可能是到医院工作 ,可能是看护病人 .

in hospital的意思是“住院” .

类似的词组还有很多：

go to sea出海/ go to the sea去海边

on earth究竟/ on the earth在地球上

in front of 在 (外部的 )前面 / in the front of 在 (内部的 )前面

take place发生/ take the place(of)代替

at table进餐/ at the table在桌子旁

out of question毫无疑问/ out of the question不可能的。

interesting 是"主动 "形容词 ,即用于修饰人或事物本身,以外界的视角来观察被修饰对象 ,如 The cat is interesting. 而 interested 是"被动 "形容词 ,即表示人或事物被赋予的意义 ,如 I am intereated in the book bought yesterday.

interesting ：物interested ：人

relaxing a. 让人放松的（形容东西）

eg. Nice relaxing night at home, huh?

晚上在家休闲一下感觉不错吧?

relaxed a. 感到放松的（形容人）

eg. How can you be so relaxed?

你怎么可以这么冷静 ?

like to do 和 like doing 都是“喜欢做某事”的意思，有时可互换，但有时它

们的用法不同（要根据语境）

1、 like to do强调某次具体动作/行为。

2、 like doing指“向来喜欢”（爱好）

如：

1. He likes singing but he doesn't like to sing this afternoon.

他喜欢唱歌但今天下午他不喜欢唱歌。

2.His father likes smoking but this evening he doesn't like to smoke.

他爸爸喜欢吸烟但今晚上他不喜欢吸烟。

get dressed是一个系表结构，其中的get是一个系词，词义是“变成”，而dressed是过去分词作表语，过去分词有两种含义，一是被动，二是完成。这里主要表示完成，即“穿完衣服的” ，合在一起，意思是“变成穿完衣服的”，即“已经穿上衣服的”。类似的用法还有get married (结婚---变成已婚的)，get excited(激动---变成激动的)，get lost(迷路---变成不知所措的 )等，都要使用过去分词。

be good at / be good with / be good to / be good for be good後接不同的介词，表达的意思也不同。

be good at意为“擅长” ，後接名词、代词或ving形式。例如：I'm good at playing chess.我擅长下象棋。

be good with 意为“好；灵巧的；与相处得好”。例如：She is good with her hands. 她手很巧。 He is very good with the children. 他与这些孩子处得很好。

be good to 意为“对友好”。例如： My friend was good to me when I

was ill. 我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。

be good for 意为“对有好处” 。例如：Eating more vegetables is good

for your health. 多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。

because,so 的区别和用法

because“因为”后面跟说明原因

I am late because i miss the first bus.

so “因此”，前面跟原因，承上启下,顺接的 .

I miss the first bus so I am late.

The school is near to my home . 学校离我家近 .

His home is near to yours .

The post office is near to Tom's school .

The hospital is far from our school . 医院离我们学校远

My hometown is very far from our school .

The sun is very far from the earth.

how far do you live from school你住的地方离学校有多远。

you will be后加名词,形容词you will后加动词

you will be+状态,you’ll be in front of the gate of the People’sPark

You will be happy if you watch the film.

2020年英语翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题(1)

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2019考研英语二真题及答案Word版

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(英语)英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析

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