王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(第24单元 V.S.奈保尔)【圣才出品】
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-A. S. 拜厄特【圣才出品】
第23单元 A.S.拜厄特23.1复习笔记Antonia Susan Byatt(1936-)(A.S.拜厄特)1.Life(生平)Antonia Susan Byatt,a prominent author,was born in Sheffield,north England, in1936.She studied at Newnham College,Cambridge and Somerville College, Oxford.After graduation,she taught in London University and the Central School of Art and Design.She became a full-time lecturer in English and American Literature at University College London,1972.In1983,she resigned and devoted herself to literary creation.She has served on the judging panels for a number of literary prizes,including the Booker Prize for Fiction,and is recognised as a distinguished critic,contributing regularly to journals and newspapers.Her most successful book, Possession:A Romance,won the Booker Prize for Fiction.A.S.Byatt was appointed CBE in1990and DBE in1999.In2002she was awarded the Shakespeare Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Foundation,Hamburg,in recognition of her contribution to British culture.A.S.拜厄特于1936年出生于英格兰北部的谢菲尔德市，是英国当代杰出的女作家。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(第2单元 威廉
第2单元威廉•莎士比亚2.1复习笔记William Shakespeare（1564-1616）（威廉·莎士比亚）1.Life（生平）Shakespeare is the most remarkable playwright and poet.He was born on April 26,1564in Stratford-upon-Avon.At the age of7,Shakespeare was sent to the local grammar school where he was taught reading,writing,Latin and Greek.He was a schoolmaster in the country and became well acquainted with theatrical performances.At18he married a farmer’s daughter who was eight years older than him.After he moved to London around1586,he once worked as an actor,a playwright,and a part owner of a theater company.In1612,he went back home and bought a house called New Palace.He died on April23,the anniversary of his birth,in1616and was buried in Stratford Church.The other famous contemporary writer Ben Jonson praised that“He is not for an age,but for all times!”,indicating the prominent position of Shakespeare in world civilization and literature history.莎士比亚是世界最著名的剧作家和诗人。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(第25单元 格雷厄姆
第25单元格雷厄姆•斯威夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift（1949-）（格雷厄姆·斯威夫特）1.Life（生平）Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has ever studied in Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975, he taught English in several schools in London,and he did literary creativity in spare time.Swift is a writer with special apperception and opinions towards literary creativity.Characters of her works are usually mid-aged people,and by reflecting on their fate,Swift talks about history,life,love,marriage and death,etc.,vividly describing the life phenomena and contemporary spirit of the modern English society.Swift employs complicated narrative methods to indicate all kinds of relationships between personal experiences and historical events,revealing that by imagination and fiction,stories embody the nature of human being’s life experience.格雷厄姆·斯威夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-查尔斯
第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens(1812-1870)(查尔斯•狄更斯)1.Life(生平)Charles Dickens was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire in1812. When he was11,his father was put to a debtor’s prison,so he was forced to work ten hours a day in a warehouse.At fifteen,he began to work as a lawyer’s office boy and read at the British Museum in his spare time.The suffering of his childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1833,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,he got married and meanwhile was writing The Pickwick Papers,which helped Dickens rise to fame at25.His industry was tremendous and his energy inexhaustible.He wrote novels,autobiographies,travel books,wrote and performed plays,edited periodicals,and administered charitable organizations.After the separation from his wife,he began to give public readings from his works to increase income,which further undermined his health.In1870, while working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood at his country house,he suffered a stroke of apoplexy and died a day later.After a simple funeral according to his wish, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-现代剧作家【圣才出品】
第13单元现代剧作家13.1复习笔记Oscar Wilde(1854-1900)(奥斯卡·王尔德)1.Life(生平)Oscar Wilde,a dramatist,poet,novelist and essayist,was born in Dublin, Ireland.After majoring in classical studies at Trinity College,Dublin,he won a scholarship to Oxford,where he proved a brilliant student and became a disciple of Walter Pater.In1879,he settled in London,and soon won a reputation both as a writer and as a spokesman for the school of"art for art’s sake".He soon became the leader of the“aesthetic movement”.Wilde is a witty conversationalist and dandy.In1895,he was charged of a homosexual relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas;Wilde recklessly sued for libel,but lost the case and was arrested and sent to prison for two years.As a result,the public strongly detested him and the aesthetic movement suffered a severe setback.After leaving the jail,Wilde was divorced and declared bankrupt.As a ruined man,he immigrated to France and lived out his last three years under a pseudo name with the financial support from his friends.He was buried in Paris in the same cemetery as the poet Charles Baudelaire.奥斯卡·王尔德是个戏剧家、诗人、小说家和散文家。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(杰弗里 乔叟)【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解(6-10章)【圣才出品】
第6单元浪漫主义诗人(1)6.1复习笔记William Blake(1757-1827)(威廉·布莱克)1.Life(生平)William Blake,born on28November1757,was the son of a London haberdasher.The boy never went to school apart from learning to read and write. He only entered a drawing school and later studied for a time at the Royal Academy of Arts.From14,he apprenticed for seven years to a well-known engraver,read widely in his free time and began to try his hand at poetry.In1800,Blake moved to Felpham,under the patronage of William Hayley whose intention to conventionalize him caused his hatred.In1803,Blake was framed of sedition,but later was acquitted.In1827,Blake died in obscurity and poverty.Though generally dismissed as an eccentric during his lifetime,posterity rediscovered Blake and today he is highly rated both as a poet and artist.威廉·布莱克生于1757年11月28日，是伦敦一杂货商之子。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(爱德华 摩根 福斯特)【圣才出品】
第18单元爱德华•摩根•福斯特18.1 复习笔记E.M. Forster （1879-1970）（爱德华·摩根·福斯特）1. Life （生平）Edward Morgan Forster, novelist, essayist, critic, was born in a middle-class family of London. His father was an architect and died when he was only a boy. He was brought up by his aunts. Forster studied at Cambridge University, where he enjoyed a sense of liberation. On leaving Cambridge, Forster decided to devote his life to writing. He traveled in Europe, lived in Italy and Egypt, and spent a few years in India.爱德华·摩根·福斯特是小说家，散文家和评论家。
他出生于伦敦中产家庭。
父亲是一位建筑师，福斯特还小时就离世。
福斯特由姑姑养大。
他先在一所公立学校接受教育，后进入剑桥。
离开剑桥后他决定投身写作事业。
他游历了欧洲，在意大利和埃及居住过，并在印度度过几年时光。
2. Major Works of Forster （福斯特主要作品）Where Angels Fear to Tread （1905）《天使不敢涉足的地方》The Longest Journey （1907）《最长的旅行》A Room with a View（1908）《一间看得见风景的房间》Howards End （1910）《霍华兹别墅》A Passage to India （1924）《印度之行》Aspects of the Novel（1927）《小说面面观》3. Selected works （选读作品）◆The Road from Colonus《离开科罗诺斯之路》Mr. Lucas, an old Englishman, he always dreamt of visiting Greece. As in declining health, he decided to go there with his daughter. Occasionally, Mr. Lucas found a mysterious great old hollow tree. He decides not to leave, and says he plans to stay at an inn near the old tree, but the others are horrified, and force him to leave with them. Back in England, sometime later, Ethel is now about to be married. Mr. Lucas has become a perpetually disgruntled old man, complaining about everything. Then a gift arrives from a friend in Greece, wrapped in a Greek newspaper. In it Ethel reads the news that on the night they left, the old tree was blown down, and fell on the family who kept the inn nearby, killing them all. Ethel is upset, and says how lucky it was that they hadn’t stayed there that night, calling it a “marvellous deliverance,” but Mr. Lucas dismisses the story without interest. He no longer cares.The Road from Colonus reveals the relationships between different generations and has a vivid description of the loneliness and helplessness of the old people.故事主人公卢卡斯先生与女儿埃塞尔去希腊路行途中，偶然在科罗诺斯发现一处树穴，让他领悟到前所未有的生活真谛，因此他很想在大树附近的小旅店住下，不肯与其他英国游客一起离开。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-现代主义小说家(2)【圣才出品】
第17单元现代主义小说家(2)17.1复习笔记wrence(1885-1930)(D.H.劳伦斯)1.Life(生平)Born in Eastwood Nottinghamshire,David Herbert Lawrence was a prolific writer.His output includes poems,stories,novelettes,novels,plays,literary criticism, essays and travel books.His father was a coal-miner.His mother was a middle-class woman and a school teacher,who had a deep influence upon his life.He studied for two years at Nottingham University College,where he acquired his teacher’s certificate in1908.From1908to1912,he taught in a school.In1914,Lawrence married Frieda von Richthofen,a German noblewoman and the ex-wife of a professor at Nottingham University.During the World WarⅠ,Frieda’s German origin and Lawrence’s objection to the war cause them trouble with the authorities. Frustrated,Lawrence sought refuge in many wrence died of tuberculosis in France,at44.戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯是个多产的作家。
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第25单元格雷厄姆
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第25单元格雷厄姆第25单元格雷厄姆?斯威夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift（1949-）（格雷厄姆·斯威夫特）1.Life（生平）Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has ever studied in Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975, he taught English in several schools in London,and he did literary creativity in spare time.Swift is a writer with special apperception and opinions towards literary creativity.Characters of her works are usually mid-aged people,and by reflecting on their fate,Swift talks about history,life,love,marriage and death,etc.,vividly describing the life phenomena and contemporary spirit of the modern English society.Swift employs complicated narrative methods to indicate all kinds of relationships between personal experiences and historical events,revealing that by imagination and fiction,stories embody the nature of human being’s life experience.格雷厄姆·斯威夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第10单元查尔斯
王守仁《英国⽂学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第10单元查尔斯第10单元查尔斯?狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens（1812-1870）（查尔斯·狄更斯）1.Life（⽣平）Charles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical realism.In 1812,he was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire.When he was11, the family was put in prison for reason of debt.Dickens was forced to work ten-hour days at Warren’s Blacking Warehouse.The suffering childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1896,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,Pickwick Papers appeared in front of the readers. This novel brought him great fame.The rest of his life was a succession of works without rest.查尔斯·狄更斯是英国批评现实主义最杰出的代表。
查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出⽣于朴茨茅斯的⼀个⼩职员家庭。
11岁时，由于⽗亲⽋债，⼀家⼈都被关进了债务监狱。
⽽狄更斯也不得不在⼀家⽪鞋油作坊做童⼯，每天⼯作⼗个⼩时。
童年的苦难⽣活为他以后的创作提供了素材。
1896年，他的第⼀部书《博兹随笔》出版，同年《匹克威克外传》⾯世。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-V. S. 奈保尔【圣才出品】
第24单元V.S.奈保尔24.1复习笔记Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul(1932-)(V.S.奈保尔)1.Life(生平)Naipaul was born in Chaguanas,Trinidad and Tobago,to parents of Indian descent.He was educated at Queen’s Royal College,Trinidad.In1950,he won a government scholarship to University College,Oxford to study literature.After graduation,he worked briefly for the BBC as an editor for the“Caribbean Voices”program.His first three books are comic portraits of Trinidadian society.The Mystic Masseur won the Mail on Sunday/John Llewellyn Rhys Prize in1958.His Miguel Street,a collection of short stories,won a Somerset Maugham Award.Subsequent novels developed more political themes and he began to write about colonial and post-colonial societies in the process of decolonization.In1989,he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth.Naipaul won Nobel Prize for Literature in2001“for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories”.奈保尔出生于岛国特里尼达和多巴哥的查瓜那斯，是印度婆罗门的后裔。
英国文学选读 听课笔记加思考
英国文学选读听课笔记加思考（7月26日）朝花夕拾2010-07-26 21:11:32 阅读350 评论0 字号：大中小订阅1、爱情故事中男女主人公如果没有遇到困难，不算得上爱情故事。
因此写爱情故事最容易，就是设置障碍，如社会等级差异；主人公的误解、移情别恋；战争、灾难使两人天涯相隔等等，如果这些困难都被克服，没关系，到最后女主角或男主角总会有一方得绝症死掉的。
2、现在没有爱情文学，只有调情文学。
我们越来越难为爱情感动，创作者又要爱情故事好看，只能用到的手法是：调情flirtation。
3、杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1340年－1400年），英国中世纪著名作家乔叟是继但丁后最能充分的表现出中世纪文学精神的人，绝对可以说是中世纪最棒的诗人。
事实上，很多英国文学上的历史学者和批评家断言到现代为止只有Shakespeare可以超越他。
其著作有Book of the Duchesse《公爵夫人之书1369》、The house of Fame《声誉之宫1374-1382》、Parlement of Foules《百鸟会议1381-82》、《贤妇传说》、《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》，以及《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）4、《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）是一部诗体短篇小说集。
故事叙说有29名朝圣者（pilgrims）聚集在伦敦一家客店，整装前往70英里外的坎特伯雷（Canterbury）。
店主哈里?贝利自告奋勇担任导游，并在晚饭后提议在往返途中每人各讲两个故事，以解五天旅途中的无聊寂寞，看谁的故事讲得最好，可以免费吃一餐好饭。
这些朝圣者，有骑士、僧侣、侍从、商人、匠人、纺织匠、医生、地主、农夫、海员、家庭主妇等，代表了广泛的社会阶层。
他们讲述的内容，主要包括爱情和骑士探险传奇、宗教和道德故事、滑稽故事、动物寓言等24个故事，大多数的故事都是用双韵诗体写成的。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解(10-15章)【圣才出品】
第11单元维多利亚时代的诗人11.1复习笔记Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892)(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生)1.Life(生平)Alfred Tennyson,the most important poet of the Victorian Age,was born in 1809,the fourth son of a clergyman.The boy showed an early interest and talent in poetic composition.In1827he went to Cambridge.He and his brother published Poems by Two Brothers,which attracted the attention of“apostles”,a group of undergraduate literary club led by Arthur Henry Hallam,who later became Tennyson’s closest friend.His Poems in1842won Tennyson first critical success.In 1850,with the publication of In Memoriam A.H.H.,which is a tribute to Hallam,he was appointed poet laureate in succession to Wordsworth and remained in this position until he died at83years old.In1884he was awarded a baronetcy.In1892 he died and was buried in Westminster Abbey.阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生是维多利亚时期最重要的诗人。
王守仁英国文学选读课后答案整理后
Geoffrey ChaucerThe Canterbury Tales1. How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales?Early spring. General tone: happy, easy, lively, humorous.2. Character of the Knight?The knight displays many traits which make him seem almost too good to be true, and a true gentleman that rarely exists in reality. The knight holds four main admirable traits, making him the most liked traveler in "The Canterbury Tales," and also amplying the doubt of his realism. From the characters impressive introduction, it is clear that this man is the most valued and honorable traveler among the group. This perfect gentleman holds a love of ideals that are often not displayed by people. First and foremost, he believes in the ideals of chivalry, and always stays true to its principles. He also feels that one should be honest, truthful and faithful, which many people are not all of these ideals. The knight thinks one should only do what is right, and what will gain him honor and reputation. This character also believes in freedom and generosity towards all, and displays this ideal repeatedly throughout the novel. And lastly, the knight also strongly feels that any proper person should display courtesy and elegance at all times.Another aspect of this character's life which makes him seem tooprestigious to be truthful is his impressive military career. He fought in the holy war, The knight obviously held a very respectable reputation, and was treated with much honor and respect. He was a perfect gentleman, showing kindness and understanding to everyone he came in contact with. The knight was extremely well-mannered, always being on his best behavior. His appearance was the "finishing touch," adding honor and integrity to his courageous and gentle spirit. This main character was clothed still in his armor, wearing a tunic of harsh cloth and his coat of mail is rust-stained, clearly showing remaining signs of past battles.Shakespeare Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so fright ening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback,. If he dies, Hamlet's can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet? Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bittersufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscover’d country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?” People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet. Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself . So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P131. How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? (Page 14)The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing “thee” to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generallyconsidered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer days are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the poet gives the feeling again that the summer months are often too short by saying, "And summer lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6) as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various aspects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die.At last two lines, the poet explains how the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike summer days. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13) the poem is outwardly a simple statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the belovedin the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer.At last, the poet starts to praise that the beloved is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see, so long lives this and this gives life to thee.”(line 13、14) that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.2. What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer and immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” Then he gives an answer: “Thou art more lovely and more temperate.” On the one hand, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer’s lease hath all too short a date;” on the other hand, “Sometime too hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold comple xion dimmed.” So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer. In addition, “And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, “But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow’st.” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion: “So long as men can breathe oreyes can see, so lon g lives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes “thou” m ore beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case, “thou” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or “thou” can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting. Even “thou” can be abstract “love” or “beauty” which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.Francis BaconOf Marriage and Single Life P171. Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?In the easy Of Marriage and Single life, Bacon prefers marriage to single life. He thinks “unmarried men are best friends; best masters; best servants; but not always best subjects; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives are of that condition”, “Wives are young men’s mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men’s nurses”.I have to say his words can still be true today; I’m at his back, though many young people now choose to remain single no mater male or female. But since “3S ladies” or “overleft ladies” become the catch word, the female seems more terrible. Maybe because women are easier to get old but to men 30 is the gold ages of career development. For the main reasons of 3S ladies, some are high standard for husband; some are the further studying. For men, maybe they are fighting in business; maybe they are toobad to find a wife.Then we can see all the state of present marriage. Even though some say “marriage is the tomb of love”, I yet suppor t marriage. Marriage and family make people more responsible and loving, make deeper love between spouses and make life more colorful.The ability to love and be loved is the most precious of gifts given to man, which should be highly treasured. Family let a man learn to care the whole unit. He has to take good care of his wife and son, love them, be responsible for them, all of which are the same to women. All these qualities are vital to anyone’s career. When you work back home, wife or husband is always the listener to you, son the warm heart to you. Spouses help each other and support each other; family is the harbor for soul. Thus it is help to one’s career development.2.Certainly, wife and children are “a kind of discipline of humanity”。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-格雷厄姆
第25单元格雷厄姆•斯维夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift(1949-)(格雷厄姆·斯维夫特)1.Life(生平)Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has studied in Queen’s College Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975,he taught English in several schools in London,and wrote in spare time.In1980,he published his first novel The Sweet Shop Owner.His acclaimed novel Waterland,which won the Guardian Fiction Prize and the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize,established him as one of the finest fiction writers of his generation. In1983,he was nominated as one of the20“Best of Young British Novelists”in the Book Marketing Council’s promotion.In1996,his Last Orders won the Booker Prize for Fiction and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize(for fiction).At present,Graham Swift is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and he lives in London.格雷厄姆·斯维夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。
(NEW)王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)课后习题详解
目 录第1单元 杰弗里•乔叟第2单元 威廉•莎士比亚第3单元 弗朗西斯•培根第4单元 17世纪英国诗人第5单元 冒险小说作家第6单元 浪漫主义诗人（1）第7单元 简•奥斯汀第8单元 浪漫主义诗人（2）第9单元 夏洛蒂•勃朗特第10单元 查尔斯•狄更斯第11单元 维多利亚时代的诗人第12单元 托马斯•哈代第13单元 现代剧作家第14单元 约瑟夫•康拉德第15单元 20世纪英国诗人（1）第16单元 现代主义小说家（1）第17单元 现代主义小说家（2）第18单元 爱德华•摩根•福斯特第19单元 威廉•戈尔丁第20单元 多丽丝•莱辛第21单元 约翰•福尔斯第22单元 20世纪英国诗人（2）第23单元 A.S.拜厄特第24单元 V.S.奈保尔第25单元 格雷厄姆•斯威夫特第1单元 杰弗里•乔叟1How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow?Key: (1) Chaucer sets the tales in the spring, describing both the natural world and people—the natural world shows a kind of renewal and rebirth, and people begin to stir after the long sleep of winter. Chaucer’s description of the landscape is lively (欢快的) and fresh (清新的), since he speaks of budding flowers, growing crops and singing birds.(2) According to such a setting, we can predict that the general tone of the tales will be light, sprightly (活泼、愉快的) and humorous.2In your own words, summarize the character of the Knight from the brief introduction in this excerpt.Key: According to the excerpt, we can see that the Knight has followed chivalry—truth, honor, freedom and courtesy. He had fought many battles for the faith of people. He is a brave, wise, modest and “truly perfect gentle-knight”.3Without comparison with the translated version, are there words still recognizable to you in the original Middle English version?Key: Yes, there are many words can be recognized. Because many words only contain few different letters compared with the modern words. What’s more, sometimes, we can recognize the words by guess or by the sense-group.第2单元 威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” “the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Key: Death means the end of life. If he dies, he may go to an unknown world and can never come back. In this sense, Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father, failing to realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Key: According to Hamlet, because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world, maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key: It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action. Hamlet doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself, so he is hesitated. However, Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view. The main reason lies in his concern for his nation. Hamlet is a true man. He wants to change the dark existing world, but it is beyond his ability, so he has no idea what he should do. He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society. So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark. His revenge is not everything for him. And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country. Thus he is confused about his action.Romeo and Juliet1What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?Key: Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?Key: They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other, they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key: It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love can protect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families. Sonnet 181How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key: The poet thinks that he should not “compare thee to a summer’s day”, because “Thou art more lovely and more temperate”. And, in the following part, he gives his reasons.2What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful (fair) than summer and immortal?Key: Because the poet thinks that “thy eternal summer shall not fade” for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.第3单元 弗朗西斯•培根Of Marriage and Single Life1Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?Key: Sometimes, marriage can be an impediment, and sometimes, it can help one develop his or her career as well, because it depends on the quality of the marriage. As the saying goes “A peaceful family will prosper”, so we can say that husbands and wives can benefit a lot from good marriages, while a terrible marriage will ruin both sides. In a good marriage, husband and wife will be happier, and they will help and encourage each other, which will be good for their careers. On the contrary, in an unhappy marriage, husband and wife usually quarrel a lot and things tend to be worse.2In what sense are wife and children “a kind of discipline of humanity”? Key: A single man has no others to think about, so he is likely to think of himself and spend a lot of money on himself. What’s more, he tends to take any risks if he wants to, for he does not need to be responsible for anyone. However, a married man cannot be so go-as-you-please, because he has wife and children, and he must be responsible for them. Furthermore, he has to work hard to fulfill his wife and children’s expectation. He becomes a loving man, who not only loves his wife and children, but also loves others. A loving husband and a qualified father can contribute the greatest merit to the public to a large extent. Who make this? Of course, wife and children make it. In this sense, we can say that wife and children are “a kind of discipline of humanity”.3Bacon prefers marriage to single life. Do you find his arguments convincing?Key: Yes, I think Bacon’s arguments are convincing. He proves his points by comparison. He clearly points out the disadvantages of single life and the advantages of marriage. For instance, a single person only cares about himself, and does not pay attention to the future; a married man tends to become responsible, tender, enthusiastic and warm-hearted. As the sentencegoes “wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men’s nurses” which means that when a man is young, his wife can make many decisions and arrangements for the family; when he comes to middle age, wife always stays with him as a companion; when he becomes old, wife will take care of him till the end of life. Even though a woman marries a bad husband, marriage offers a chance for husband to correct themselves. These points all are reasonable, which make Bacon’s arguments very convincing. Of Study1We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s “Of Studies” in our access to information?Key: According to Bacon’s opinion: “studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience”. We should combine theory and practice together. That is, practicing what we have learned is quite important.Bacon’s idea that “some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.” also teaches us to use different methods of reading in terms of the quality and content of the book. When we face information, we should do some selections rather than easily trust them all. More importantly, we should have an independent mind.2In what sense does reading make a full man?Key: As Bacon says “Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend”, we can know that different books and subjects have their different influences on people. Some books can make people wiser and make fewer mistakes; some books can make people wittier and more sensible to beauty; some books can make people think in a more scientific and accurate way…So reading can cultivate and better a man. In this sense, reading makes a full man.第4单元 17世纪英国诗人The Flea1Why does the poet say that “this cannot be said a sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead”?Key: Because it is the flea that sucked their blood and made them mingled together, they are not sinful or shameful, and the man’s beloved does not loss her maidenhead. The flea has joined them together in a way that “alas, is more than we would do”.2What do you think is the addressee’s parents’ attitude toward the poet’s wooing?Key: The addressee’s parents’ attitude is against the poet’s wooing.3What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea "thou" are actually killing three lives?Key: The poet compares the killing of the flea to murder. He thinks that if his beloved kills the flea, he and she would be killed within the flea. He even states that the act of killing the flea would be “sacrilege”. If the lover denies the fact that their blood and therefore their lives are contained within the flea, it is similar to committing an irreligious act. This would seem to acknowledge that their closeness within the flea is allowable. The importunate lover wishes his mistress to understand that she should accept his wooing because there is nothing wrong with the unity of two people.Holy Sonnet 101Why does the poet say that death is the “slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men”?Key: Because for the most part, fate, chance, kings and desperate men can threaten some people with Death when they like to, and by this way, Death is exploited and may be forced to do what it does not want to. In this sense, death is a slave.2What does the poet mean when he says “we wake eternally” after one short sleep?Key: The poet was a priest and he believed that the soul of men would never die. After death, men would enter another world and lived forever. In this sense, after death, men “wake eternally”.John Milton1Where are the serpent (“the” in line 51) and his followers condemned after their defeat?Key: The serpent and his followers are condemned into the hell by God.2What are the God’s punishments for those rebellious angels as described by Milton in lines 59—74?Key: Those rebellious angels are sent into the horrible dungeon filled with flames, darkness, floods and whirlwinds, in which there is no peace, rest or hope, but full of sorrow and torture.3What is considered by Satan as “ignominy” and “shame” (line ll5)?Key: Satan considers that “To bow and sue for grace/ With suppliant knee, and deify his power/ Who from the terror of this arm so late/ Doubted his empire—that were low indeed” is “ignominy and shame”. That is, he thinks that it is shameful to bow to God to ask for grace and forgiveness.4What is Satan advising the serpent and his followers to do in this part of Paradise Lost?Key: Satan advices the serpent and his followers to fight against God.第5单元 冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe1Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tent convincing? Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?Key: Yes, I think it is convincing. Crusoe takes everything into his consideration and makes sure his shelter is comfortable and safe. He takes advantage of the natural resources. Perhaps, there is no way to build a better one than his.2What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time? Why is it important for him to keep track of time?Key: I think it’s a good way.The reason is that Crusoe is a civilized man and time is very valuable to him. In fact, he represents the hard-working middle class, and has the sense of working hard and cherishing time.3From this excerpt, what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?Key: From this excerpt, we can find many admirable characteristics in Robinson Crusoe. He is adventurous, practical, thoughtful, hard-working, brave, shrewd, energetic, optimistic, strong-minded and kind-hearted…Under the special circumstance, Crusoe shows many good and valuable qualities of human beings.Jonathan Swift1In what ways are Yahoos comparable to human beings in Gulliiver’s Travels? Comment on the Houyhnhnms’ attitude toward human beings. Key: Both human beings and Yahoos are warlike, greedy, jealous, gluttonous and filthy… What’s more, they eat everything that they can find no matter the food is good or bad for them; they would be sick because of nastiness and greediness; they would suffer from depression because of their idleness; thefemale Yahoos have nasty qualities, such as lewdness, coquetry, censure and scandal. Yahoos and human beings have many features in common.The Houyhnhnms’ attitude toward human beings is critical, malicious and objective. They are not slandering, for human beings indeed have all the defects that the Houyhnhnms have mentioned. It seems that they know about human beings clearly and they compare Yahoos and humankind in a very elaborative way. Their points of view are very convincing.2What are the symbolic meanings of Yahoos and Houyhnhnms?Key: Yahoos and Houyhnhnms represent the evil human nature and good qualities of humankind respectively.第6单元 浪漫主义诗人（1）William BlakeThe Lamb1Does this poem describe a lamb or the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb? What is the relation of the lamb and the child to God?Key: The poem describes the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb by which shows the gentleness and tenderness of the lamb.The lamb is the symbol of the child to the God. It shows the love of God that he creates the lamb and Jesus is often called the lamb of the God. So, the poem not only appreciates the kindness of the lamb but also praise the mysterious power which creates the lamb. In this sense, God, Jesus and the lamb combine together.2What does the Lamb stand for?Key: The Lamb stands for Jesus Christ, who was offered by God as the final sacrifice for the sins of humankind. The Lamb and Jesus have virtues in common: gentleness, tenderness, kindness and compassion. So, the Lamb also stands for these good attributes.The Tiger1Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other?Key: The Tiger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the poet implies that the Tiger as well as the Lamb are both created by God. So the Tiger and the Lamb share the same creator and have some kind of relationship.Yes, I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. The lamb represents the kind and gentle humanities, but it lacks the motivation to makeprogress. While the tiger will cause the social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can stimulate people’s creativity. So, the tiger becomes the symbol of strength and courage. In this sense, the Tiger and the Lamb can illuminate each other.2What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express?Key: The tiger symbolizes the God’s power in creation and it becomes the embodiment of beauty, strength, vitality and complexity.The poet’s idea is that God not only create the kind lamb but also create the tough tiger. So God is mysterious and complicated and nobody can indeed know about God.The Sick Rose1In what sense do you think the rose is “sick”?Key: On a superficial and literal level, the rose is invaded by the worm and becomes sick. On a deeper level, the “sick” rose has several symbolic meanings: a) the rose symbolizes young girls, and the worm refers to impure love of men, which defiles the girls’ chastity. Thus, the girls are destroyed. b) The rose symbolizes the toiling masses that are under the exploitation and oppression of the capitalism represented by the worm. It means that there is something wrong with the whole social system. c) The rose symbolizes the soul and spirit of man, while the worm symbolizes the ugly and evil aspects of humanity. The rose is “sick”, because that innocence is replaced by experience, and the virtues are replaced by the evil as well.2Should there be any symbolic meanings for the night and the storm? If so, what meanings would you suggest?Key: Yes, there are some symbolic meanings for the night and the storm. Based on the symbolic meanings of the rose and the worm, we can find that the night and the storm symbolize the deceit and impure love of men, the progress of capitalism and the process of gaining experience.Robert BurnsA Red, Red Rose1How does the narrator in the poem express his love?Key: The narrator uses rhetoric devices in this poem to express his love, such as simile and exaggeration. At first, the poet compares his lover to a red rose and beautiful melody, which are very lovely and attractive to himself and arouse the love in his heart. And then, the poet say that he will not change his love for his lover even though “the seas gang dry” and “the rocks melt wi’ the sun” as well as “the sands o’life shall run”. What’s more, the narrator directly speaks out his love as well—“So deep in luve am I / And I will luve thee still, my dear”.2Why is this poem so touching to the readers?Key: Because this poem shows a kind of true love and real feelings of the poet toward his lover, which is always touching to people. In the poem, the poet expresses his ardent and steadfast love in a very powerful and efficient way, and it really can arouse the love feelings in the readers’ hearts.Auld Lang Syne1What does “cup o’kindness” imply?Key: The poem is a narrative poem praising friendship. After reading the whole poem we can find that “cup o’kindness” implies the friendship between the narrator and his friends.2How do you know the people in the poem used to be friends and are now old?Key: “Cup o’kindness” is mentioned twice in this poem—in the second and the last sections—which refer to their reunion. The people in the poem used to be friends and now they are old. After the first “cup o’kindness”, the author begins to recall their joyful life; they have run in the brae, picked up the fine gowans, and wandered a long and weary journey, paddled in thestream all the day. But all the nice memory has been the history “Sun’ auld lang syne”. Then comes to the present gathering, there is one more “cupo’kindness” to imply that how much the author really cherishes the friendship and wish it to last forever.William Wordsworth1What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem? Key: The beauty of the nature can make the poet happy and joyful, make his mind pure with little thought, and offer him consolation and serenity.2Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?Key: Yes, I think that nature can have healing effect on mind. Nature is free from pressure and worries. It is full of beauty and attractions. While human beings have to deal with many troubles, and every now and then they need to have a good rest and get rid of their troubles from their minds. Throwing oneself into the bosom of nature is an effective way to relax and enjoy the true pleasure and beauty. When you are in nature, you will forget about those annoying matter that troubles you and your soul will be purified.Samuel Taylor Coleridge1Coleridge claimed that the poem was “composed in a sort of reverie brought on by two grains of opium”. Could you find similar cases in the Chinese literary history?Key: Yes, Li Bai liked drinking and sometimes he wrote poems in a trance state.2Can we say this poem has no coherent meaning and is wrapped up in an atmosphere of the supernatural and the fantastic? Give your opinions.Key: Yes, we can. The poet wrote this poem after he took the opium, and his thoughts were fragmental. He just wrote down what occurred to him. Thus, there were only pieces of meaning rather than coherent meaning.At the same time, the poem is wrapped up in an atmosphere of thesupernatural and the fantastic. The poet mentioned “Alph, the sacred river”,“a waning moon was haunted / By woman wailing for her demon-lover”, and “His flashing eyes, his floating hair! / Weave a circle round him thrice”… —these give people a sense of the supernatural and fantastic.第7单元 简•奥斯汀1Do you agree with the statement “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What is the relationship between money and marriage?Key: Yes, I agree. It is reasonable that when a man is mature enough he wants to get married and raise a family. That is a necessary part of his success and accomplishment. More importantly, he has to earn enough money to support his family. So, when he possesses such kind of fortune, he wants to achieve this purpose.Money is not the only criteria of a happy marriage, but a happy marriage cannot achieve without enough money. Without money, we also can get married with our lovers, and we can earn money by working hard together. As time goes on, if we can get enough money to support our families, we will feel satisfied and live happily. However, if we cannot earn a good fortune, but live a poor life, we will encounter many practical problems, and our pride and confidence will be ruined, thus it is difficult to be happy. Money does have something to do with marriage, but is not crucial. What really matters in marriage is love and affection between the couple.2What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her?Key: I think Mrs. Bennet is very typical of middle-aged woman. She is worried about her daughters’ marriage, and is eager to marry them off. She is somewhat a gossip; she is easy to get nervous; she likes to make a fuss about everything.3What makes Elizabeth feel so grateful to Darcy? How does Darcy respond to her?Key: Elizabeth’s sister Lydia has always been frivolous. Later in the novel, she elopes with Wickham, who is poor and hypocritical, and lives with him out of wedlock. This behavior is not recognized at that time and destroys the Bennets’ reputation. Although Lydia has the plan to marry Wickham, who as a playboy, considers everything as a game. Elizabeth is so worried with hersister, so she decides to leave her hometown to find her sister. Fortunately, Darcy gives a helping hand. He finds them and tries his best to convince Lydia to come back. Faced with’s Wickham’s greedy, he doesn’t flinch. He pays the debts for Wickham and gives Lydia a large amount of money. In order to help them, he also buys an office post for Wickham . Besides, Darcy is also very gentle; he does not expose Wickham so as to protect the whole family’s reputation. He does everything for Elizabeth, and he doesn’t want her to be harmed. Darcy is very proud at the beginning, which makes Elizabeth hate him so much, but after he has done so many things, Elizabeth’s prejudice is eliminated and she feels so grateful to Darcy. Darcy feels sorry at the beginning. He is also surprised and excited. At first, he doesn’t want Elizabeth to know everything. However, he is delighted that Elizabeth is not as indifferent to him as before. He has never wanted to get her gratitude, but this time he feels hopeful. He tells Elizabeth that all his done was for her only, because it’s only her in his heart. He shows his affections to her again which makes Elizabeth so embarrassed. Darcy also apologizes for his pride in the past time. Now, they have cleared up the misunderstanding. It’s a turning point of their emotional journey.第8单元 浪漫主义诗人（2）George Gordon ByronShe Walks in Beauty1What is the colour of the lady’s dress? How do you know?Key: The lady’s dress is black. Because “She walks in beauty, like the night / Of cloudless climes and starry skies”. We can see that she is dressed in black and looks like the dark night.2What does “their dwelling place” refer to in the last line of the second stanza?Key: It refers to the lady’s face. “Or softly lightens o’er her face; / Where thoughts serenely sweet express / How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.”From these lines, we can know that “their” refers to “thoughts’”.3Where are the lady’s winning smiles? How do they appear to the poet? Key: The winning smiles are on the lady’s face and over her brow.The poet observes the woman’s tints on the face, so he figures out the smile on it.When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home1What should a man fight for according to the poet?Key: According to the poet, a man should fight for glories and freedom. “Let him think of the glories of Greece and of Rome”, “Then battle for freedom wherever you can”.2What is the difference between this man in Byron’s poem and a hero in your mind?Key: In my mind, a hero should only think about others and forget about hisown life and glories. However, in this poem, the man is seeking for rewards and is thinking about being knighted if he can live through the war. “And is always as nobly requited”, “And, if not shot or hang’d, you’ll get knighted”.Percy Bysshe Shelly1In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver?Key: The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth, in the sky and on the sea, and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind, and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among humankind. The west wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation. It drives the last signs of life from the trees. It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere, and it scatters the seeds which will come to life in the spring. The west wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide.2What is the relationship between the West Wind and the poet?Key: The poet admires and envies the West Wind very much. He admires the West Wind because it is very powerful, and he envies the West Wind because it is free from any restriction. The poet wants to be like the West Wind, which becomes the symbol of power and freedom. What’s more, the poet appeals to the West Wind to infuse him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas.3As “the trumpet of prophecy,” what does the West Wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically?Key: The West Wind predicts that the cold winter is coming.The West Wind symbolizes a kind of revolutionary power and spirit. It destroys the old and builds up the new. It predicts the winter is nearby, thus the spring is not far behind. In a deeper sense, it predicts that the bright future is not far away.John Keats1Describe, in your own words, the scenes on the Grecian urn. Who are they in the pictures? And what are they doing?Key: There are two scenes on the Grecian urn. The first scene describes the fair youth under the tree tying to kiss his lover, but he cannot. The second scene is that people are coming to the sacrifice on the morning of a special day.2Who is the speaker of the last two lines in the ode?Key: I think the speaker is the urn. However, it clearly conveys the poet’s ides of beauty and truth.3Comment on the epigram "beauty is truth, truth beauty".Key: I agree that truth is beauty, but I cannot agree that beauty is truth. Truth is always real, charming and beautiful, so, we can say that truth is beauty. However, beauty is not always true, especially with the development of technology, some artificial beauty emerges, such as artificial flowers, artificial plants, and even artificial noses and eyes… they are also beautiful, but they are not real.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解(1-5章)【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1.Life(生平)Geoffrey Chaucer,born in1343in London,is the founder of English poetry.He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court.He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope.He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian.He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life,and knew well the whole life of his time,which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in1400and was buried in Westminster Abbey,thus founding the Poets’Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
这尤其有益于他在作品中对英国社会的刻画。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(第1单元 杰弗里
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1.Life（生平）Geoffrey Chaucer,born in1343in London,is the founder of English poetry.He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court.He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope.He obtained a good knowledge of Latin,French and Italian.He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life,and knew well the whole life of his time,which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in1400and was buried in Westminster Abbey,thus founding the Poets’Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
这尤其有益于他在作品中对英国社会的刻画。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-冒险小说作家【圣才出品】
第5单元冒险小说作家5.1复习笔记Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)(丹尼尔•笛福)1.Life(生平)Daniel Defoe was born in London,the son of a butcher named Foe,and later added the aristocratic prefix.Defoe was a kind of jack-of-all-trades.He was a merchant,soldier,economist,politician,journalist,pamphleteer,publicist and novelist.He is also a radical nonconformist in religion.His remarkable pamphlet supporting the free churches led to an imprisonment.After his release in1704,he entered the government employed as a kind of spy or secret–service agent.At60, he turned to fiction,later gained enough fame and fortune,and retired to Newington where he lived in comfort.Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest practitioners of the novel,as he helped to popularize the form in Britain,and is even referred to as the founder of the English novel.丹尼尔·笛福生于伦敦，父亲是个姓福的肉商，后来他给自己的姓加上了贵族前缀。
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第24单元V.S.奈保尔24.1复习笔记Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul（1932-）（V.S.奈保尔）1.Life（生平）Naipaul was born in Chaguanas,Trinidad and Tobago,to parents of Indian descent.In1950,he won the government scholarship and went to Oxford to study literature.Naipaul establishes his position in the English literature world as an immigrate writer.His works has close relation with his personal experiences.His works pays close attention to the social problems and cultural conflicts of those colonized countries in Caribbean area,Africa and India after broken of the colonial system and the hardships and the state of losing roots of those who emigrate from colonial countries to developed ones.As one of the most prominent English immigrate writer,Naipaul has won such important literary prize as Maugham Award and Booker Prize.In1990,he was knighted by Britain Queen.Naipaul won Nobel Prize for Literature in2001奈保尔出生于岛国特立尼达和多巴哥的查瓜那斯，是印度婆罗门的后裔。
1950年获政府奖学金，到牛津大学学习文学。
奈保尔以移民作家的身份在英语文学世界立住了脚跟。
其作品的主题与他的经历密切相关。
他的作品主要关注加勒比海地区、非洲和印度等前殖民地国家在殖民体系解体后的社会问题和文化冲突以及前殖民地国家的人移居到发达国家之后的艰难历程和失根状态。
作为当代最有成就的英国移民作家之一，奈保尔获得过毛姆奖、布克奖等英国重要文学奖项；1990年被英国女王封为骑士；2001年获诺贝尔文学奖。
2.Major Works（主要作品）The Mystic Masseur（1957）《神秘的按摩师》Miguel Street（1959）《米格尔大街》A House for Mr.Biswas（1961）《毕司沃斯先生的房子》In a Free State（1971）《在自由的国度》India:A Wounded Civilization（1977）《印度：伤痕累累的文明》A Bend in the River（1979）《河湾》Among the Believers:An Islamic Journey（1981）《在信徒中间》The Enigma of Arrival（1987）《抵达之谜》A Way in the World（1994）《世间之路》The Writer and the World:Essays（2002）《作家与世界》3.Selected works（选读作品）◆A Way in the World《世间之路》A Way in the World surpasses the limits of genre,combining autobiographies and histories,records of events and fictions.The work focuses on the colonial and post-colonial histories of West Indies.It consists of9chapters,including the author’s memories of his own personal experiences and fictional historical events.In Prelude:An Inheritance,Naipaul,as an immigrate writer,portrays the social life of the third world in the first world.As the narrator says,all he sees when he comes back to hometown seems like the feeling when he first put on “sunglasses”.Apparently,he cannot approve that strange and disordered culture. From such perspective,this prelude not only helps us know about the ideological confusion of the third world people’s cultural identity brought about by colonialism ruling,but also assists us be clear about the“rootless”state of immigrate writers’cultural identity.《世间之路》是一部跨越了文学界限、集自传与历史、融纪实与虚构为一体的作品。
全书围绕西印度群岛的殖民和后殖民历史这一主题。
全书有9章，其中既有作者对自身经历的回忆，也有虚构的历史故事。
在这个短篇中，奈保尔以移民作家的身份在第一世界里描写其第三世界故乡的社会生活。
正如故事叙述者所说，回乡后看到的一切仿佛是第一次戴上“墨镜”时的感受。
他显然不认同那种怪异、混杂的文化。
从这个角度来看，这个短篇作品既有助于我们认识殖民主义统治给第三世界国家人民的文化认同造成的思想混乱，又能帮助我们认识移民作家的文化认同的所谓“无根”状态。
24.2课后习题详解1.What is Leonard Side’s idea of beauty?Is it“surprising”to you as it is surprising to the local teacher?What do you think is the narrator’s(Naipaul’s) attitude towards such an idea of beauty?Key:His idea of beauty mixes roses and flowers and nice things to eat with the idea of making the dead human body beautiful too.Yes,it is surprising to me.Perhaps,after hear the words of the teacher,the narrator feels somewhat surprised,but he calms down soon,because that he can figure out the reasons for the man’s ides of beauty.And such reasons are understandable.So,I think that the narrator’s attitude will be objective.2.Naipaul chooses to retell the story through a local teacher.What difference will it make the writer tells the story directly in first person point of view?Key:If the writer tells the story directly in first person point of view,it will be less objective and less truthful.And it will not be so convincing.3.The story,as it is,is told by a returning immigrant writer and a local school teacher.Would a different person(such as a Western traveller or a friend of Leonard Side’s)tell the story differently?Why?What would be your version of the story if you had known Leonard Side?Key:I think that a different person will tell the story differently.Because that different people have different understanding of this story,and they probably will focus on different emphasis of it.More importantly,they will be influenced by their own interest,understanding ability,cultural background, history and so on when they tell such a story.（答案合理即可）My version of the story may be a very plain one.Perhaps,I will emphasize the idea of beauty of Side just as the teacher does,but that is only because I was also frightened by this.Since I don’t know clearly about the cultural and social background of the stroy,I cannot dig into its reasons or tell the story in a profound way.。