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Passage two

What Are Antibodies? - Definition, Function

A. mark

B. triggered

C. destroyed

D. springs

E. remains

F. instantly

G. intently

H. signals

I. attack

J. advantage

K. match Antibodies play a key role in the immune system. They begin the process of getting rid of the invaders that may cause harm or infection. This lesson covers how antibodies work and the different kinds of antibodies.

What Are Antibodies?

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins that are produced by the immune system to help stop intruders from harming the body. When an intruder enters the body, the immune system (31) ______ into action. These invaders, which are called antigens(抗原), can be viruses, bacteria, or other chemicals. When an antigen is found in the body, the immune system will create antibodies to (32) ______ the antigen for the body to destroy.

Function

The antibodies act sort of like the immune system's scouts. They find antigens, stick to them, and identify for the immune system the exact type of antigen so that it can be (33) ______. Each antibody is made for one and only one antigen, and it's fitted with

special receptors that will only bind to that antigen. For instance, a specific antibody is created to help destroy the chickenpox virus. Only that particular antibody will attack a chickenpox virus.

How Antibodies Fight Antigens

So what happens when an antigen tries to enter the body? When it does, the immune system is (34) ______. Chemical (35) ______ are sent to alert all the different parts of the immune system into action.

First, the virus is met by a type of cell called B cells. The B cells are responsible for creating antibodies to (36) ______ the antigen. Remember, each type of antibody matches to only one antigen. After the B cells have created their antibodies, the antibodies stick to the virus, marking it for the next round of (37) ______. T cells are then ordered to attack the antigen that the antibodies have marked for it.

After the antigen has been destroyed, the cleanup crew comes along. A wave of phagocytes, large cells that can consume foreign matter, eats the (38) ______ of the infection.

Immunizations

After an infection is defeated, the antibodies still remain in the body. They are left there to wait in case that particular antigen returns. Immunizations take (39) ______ of the fact that antibodies remain in the body after an infection is eradicated. Most immunizations consist of a weak or diluted form of an antigen - not enough of the antigen to make the patient sick, but just enough to trigger the creation of antibodies. This way, the body can (40) ______ attack any form of the infection it encounters, stopping the infections before they begin.

【参考答案】

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【原文翻译】

What Are Antibodies? Definition, Function

什么是抗体？定义、功能

Antibodies play a key role in the immune system. They begin the process of getting rid of the invaders that may cause harm or infection. This lesson covers how antibodies work and the different kinds of antibodies.

抗体在免疫系统中起着关键作用。他们开始清除可能造成伤害或感染的入侵者。本课介绍抗体的工作原理和不同种类的抗体。

What Are Antibodies?