电信12-1班 1206110109matlab简易计算器设计步骤与回调函数设计

简易算术计算器的设计一、算术计算器的功能：能进行简单的加、减、乘、除法，sin,cos,tan,x^2,squrt运算，输入文本框显示为常量多项式，输出文本框显示为精确到小数点后十位的数值。

计算器包含十个数字键0~9、小数点键“.”、小括号键“（”“）”、运算符号、清屏键、退格键、退出键等。

二、设计思路：每按下一个数字键或者符号键的时候，利用get(handles.edit1,'string')获取当前输入文本框edit1的string属性，并通过字符串合并函数strcat（）将当前输入文本框edit1的字符型string属性与按键的字符型string属性合并成字符串，然后利用属性设置函数set(); 将合并后的字符串返回到输入文本框edit1的string属性。

当输入结束，用户按下等号的时候，采用x=get(handles.edit1,'string')获取当前输入文本框edit1的string属性，然后利用字符串执行命令y1=eval(x)计算输入文本框的表达式，得到的结果是字符型常量；然后利用字符串输出格式控制函数y=sprintf('%.10f',y1)使输出结果精确到小数点后十位；最后利用属性设置函数set(handles.edit2,'string',y)将转换后的字符串返回到输出文本框edit2的string属性。

三、设计步骤：1、运行matlab2014a，进入主界面。

2、输入guide，进入GUI开发环境。

3、创建控件：按钮包括数字0~9、运算符“+ - * /”、功能键等26个，输入和动态静态文本框，显示文字的静态文本框四个等。

4、对控件单击右键弹出菜单，选择属性检查器，设置控件属性。

5、选择工具栏上的对齐对象按键，调整控件布局。

6、选择工具栏上的Tab 顺序编辑器按键，通过和设置各控件的Tab顺序。

7、设计菜单：在GUI开发环境下，选择工具栏上的进入菜单编辑器，分别选择和创建主菜单和子菜单。

8、编写回调函数。

（1）数字键0的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键0的回调函数：%get函数获取输入文本框edit1的string属性，赋值给numbers，数值类型为char；numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');%字符串合并函数strcat（）将按键"0"与numbers的值合并，将合并后的字符串返回到输入文本框edit1的string属性；set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'0'));%同理编写其余数字键、小数点键、小括号键、运算符号键；（2）数字键1的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键1的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');（3）数字键2的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键2的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'2'));（4）数字键3的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton10.function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键3的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'3'));（5）数字键4的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton9.function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键4的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'4'));（6）数字键5的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键5的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'5'));（7）数字键6的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton6.function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键6的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');（8）数字键7的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton5.function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键7的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'7'));（9）数字键8的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton8.function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键8的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'8'));（10）数字键9的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton4.function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%数字键9的回调函数：numbers=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(numbers,'9'));（11）小数点“.”键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton17.function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton17 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%小数点的回调函数；point=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(point,'.'));（12）加号“+”键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton10.function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%加号“+”键的回调函数;signs=get(handles.edit1,'string');（13）减号“－”键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton9.function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%减号“－”键的回调函数;signs=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(signs,'-'));（14）乘号“*”键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%乘号“×”键的回调函数;signs=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(signs,'*'));（15）除号“/”键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton8.function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%除号“÷”键的回调函数;signs=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(signs,'/'));（16）左括号“（”键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton21.function pushbutton21_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton21 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%左括号“（”键的回调函数；signs=get(handles.edit1,'string');set(handles.edit1,'string',strcat(signs,'('));（17）右括号“）”键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton20.function pushbutton20_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton20 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%右括号“）”键的回调函数;signs=get(handles.edit1,'string');（18）等号“=”号键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton15.function pushbutton15_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton15 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%等号“=”号键的回调函数;%get函数获取输入文本框edit1的string属性，并赋值与x；x=get(handles.edit1,'string');%利用执行字符串命令eval（）计算用户输入的表达式，得到的结果为char型；y1=eval(x);%利用字符串输出格式控制函数sprintf（）将字符型常量精确到小数点后十位；y=sprintf('%.10f',y1);%利用属性设置函数set（）将字符型结果返回到输出文本框edit2的string属性；set(handles.edit2,'string',y);（19）clc键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton19.function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton19 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%CLC键的回调函数；%清空输入文本框edit1的string属性；set(handles.edit1,'String','');%清空输出文本框edit2的string属性；set(handles.edit2,'String','0');（20）delete键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton18.function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton18 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%Delete键的回调函数；%get（）函数获取当前输入文本框的string属性，并赋值与s1；s1=get(handles.edit1,'string');%length(s1)函数获取s1字符串的长度，并利用s1(1:length(s1)-1)获取s1的第一个到第（length(s1)-1）个字符串，已达到删除前一个字符的目的；s2=s1(1:（length(s1)-1）);%利用属性设置函数set（）将字符型结果返回到输入文本框edit1的string属性；set(handles.edit1,'string',s2);（21）exit键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton17.function pushbutton17_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton17 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%Exit键的回调函数;close;（22）sin函数的回调：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton28.function pushbutton28_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton28 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) textString=get(handles.edit1,'String');if(strcmp(textString,'0.')==1)set(handles.edit1,'String','0.')elsea=strread(textString,'%f');a=sin(a);set(handles.edit1,'String',a)end（23）cos键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton27.function pushbutton27_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton27 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) textString=get(handles.edit1,'String');if(strcmp(textString,'0.')==1)set(handles.edit1,'String','0.')elsea=strread(textString,'%f');a=cos(a);set(handles.edit1,'String',a)end（24）tan键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton26.function pushbutton26_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton26 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) textString=get(handles.edit1,'String');if(strcmp(textString,'0.')==1)set(handles.edit1,'String','0.')elsea=strread(textString,'%f');a=tan(a);set(handles.edit1,'String',a)end（25）x^2键的回调函数：% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton33.function pushbutton33_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton33 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) textString=get(handles.edit1,'String');if(strcmp(textString,'0.')==1)set(handles.edit1,'String','0.') elsea=strread(textString,'%f');a=a*a;set(handles.edit1,'String',a)end9、调试运行程序：8.成品计算机。