2019-2020年高中人教版英语必修一教学案：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ(含答案)

2019-2020年高中人教版英语必修一教学案：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ(含答案)

语法图解

探究发现

1．“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary，”said Anne.

→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

2．“Does a friend always have to be a person？”the writer asks us.

→The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.

3．“What do you call your diary？”Anne’s sister asked her.

→Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.

4．“Why did you go to bed so late last night？”Father asked Anne.

→Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.

5．The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”

→The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.

6．“What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother？”the teacher asked us.

→The teacher asked us what Edison had done to help the doctor operate on his mother.

[我的发现]

(1)在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从句的主语作适当改变，从句中的时态往往有一定改变，如句1；但陈述客观事实时时态不变，如句5。

(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由if或whether 引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用ask。如句2。

(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的疑问句引导的宾语从句。如句4、6。

(4)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。如句2、3、4、6。

直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。

一、人称变化的三原则

1．“第一人称随主”原则

如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。

Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”

玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称)

→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.

玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)

2．“第二人称随宾”原则

如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”

她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)

→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.

她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称)

3．“第三人称不更新”原则

指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。

Mr. Li said, “Jack is a good worker.”

李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人”。(直接引语为第三人称)

→Mr. Li said Jack was a good worker.

李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变)

[即时演练1]将下列句子改为间接引语

①He said, “I am proud of my motherland.”

→He said that he was proud of his motherland.

②“You are wasting your time day-dreaming！”he said to Mary.

→He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming.

③Mr. Smith said, “His voice is wonderful.”

→Mr. Smith said his voice is wonderful.

二、时态的变化

直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：

His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.”

他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.

他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.”

组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) →The organizer said that they had begun their plan.

组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时) [名师点津]直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：

(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；

(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。

My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”

昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)

→My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.

昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变) [即时演练2]将下列句子改为间接引语

①I said, “I will give her some advice tomorrow.”

→I said that I would_give her some advice the next day.

②“You have already done your duty，”he said to her.