直接甲醇燃料电池

Small size active type (1W) for cell phone
Output: 1W, 20 hrs (25 cc fuel), equal to 6 LIB (3.7V, 600 mAh) Weight: 130 g (with fuel cartridge) Size: 10 x 6 x 3 cm (140 cc) Cartridge size: 3 x 6 x 2 cm Fuel: concentrated MeOH
Process occurred in MEA
Source: Handbook of Fuel Cells – Fundamentals, Technology and Applications, Eds. W. Vielstich, A. Lamm and H.A. Gastegier, John Wiley, Vol. 1, p. 42, 2003.
Stack size: 180 cc Stack power: 25 W Fuel: 0.02 slm, 1M MeOH Air: 2 slm air Temp: 35 C Capacity: 100Wh
2005
MTI
Military Fuel Cell prototype powerpack in military battery (BA5590) form factor powering Harris Corp’s Falcon II Tactical Radio.
DMFC for notebook PC (2)
Output: 13W (20 W peak), 15 V, 10 hr operation Weight: 1200 g (with fuel cartridge) Size: 27 x 7 x 5.5 cm Fuel: 100 ml MeOH
東芝新款燃料電池手機僅厚17mm(2008)
2nd refill
200 0 0
1st refill
Mark hampden-Smith, Superior MicroPowders @ Small Fuel Cells 2003
250
500
750
1000
ENERGY DENSITY (Wh/kg)
Dependence of cell volume on energy required
Toshiba
Prototype passive DMFC (wearable thumb size power source)
Output: 100mW, 20 hrs MP3 Weight: 8.5 g (with fuel cartridge) Size: 2.2 x 5.6 x 0.45 cm Fuel: 2 ml 99.5 % MeOH
Industrial Mobion power pack integrated into Intermec Technologies’ portable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader with methanol fuel refill cartridge. Debuted November 2004 Cartridge: 100% MeOH Power out: 1W Energy: 35 Wh (present battery is 8 Wh)
直接甲醇燃料電池 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
薛康琳, Kan-Lin Hsueh
The heart of fuel cell is the membrane – electrode-assembly (MEA)
Components and operating principle of DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell)
Mobion technology uses 100% MeOH Application RFID reader (35 Wh) Sensor power source 150 mW BA-5590 form factor Injected molded fuel cell array
Consumer Mobion technology powering PDA/smart phone (left) and handheld entertainment system (below) concept models.
Anode Membrane Cathode MEA Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Energy Density of Fuel cell
Value proposition for a fuel cell powered device: WH
500
ENERGY DENSITY (WH/liter)
平面式 攜帶式 mW W
疊堆式 DMFC KW MW 固定式 PEMFC, PAFC, MCFC, & SOFC
Prototype – below 50W
Prototype – 50/500W
Others: Samsung, NEC, Toshiba
Early commercial market
Fuel Cell and Its Polarization Curve
1.4 1.2
Voltage, Cell Loss, V V Voltage
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5
Cell
A V
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Current, A A Current,
http://big5.nikkeibp.co.jp/china/news/edit/mobi200802190125.html
東芝在Mobile World Congress 2008的會場上﹐展出了內置燃料電池的折疊式 手機。這是一款以KDDI(au)的手機「W55T」為原型、嵌入了超薄燃料電池 的手機試製品﹐此次在MWC上的展示是首次亮相。 折疊時的厚度為 17.5mm﹐相對於W55T的9.9mm來說加厚7.6mm左右即可。「終於實現了如 此薄的厚度。這一厚度十分接近現行的普通手機」(東芝)。 燃料電池的燃料採用甲醇。是向燃料極供應直接甲醇的直接甲醇(Direct Methanol)方式。試製品中設有燃料表﹐可通過目測確認燃料餘料。至於能夠 容納多少燃料﹐尚未公佈。 不過﹐「填充一次燃料﹐可確保約為普通手機2 倍的驅動時間」。試製品的重量方面﹐填充完燃料後為150g～160g左右。
K. Kanamura, Prof. Tokyo Metropolitan University,
@ Small Fuel Cell 2003
Value proposition for a fuel cell powered device: Wh

Energy density, operating time, instant re-fuel Example: remote laptop power consumption
Critical issues: needs 2W/3790 mAh for 4 G mobile phone MP3/game/VCD/cellphone/Bell function for 4G 2000 mAh, 300 Wh/L more is fuel cell competing edge (15 - 17M MeOH)
Would you productivity increase by having one of those? How much would you like to pay for it? Is carrying a cartridge okay?
Samsung - SAIT
2003 2004 2004
Laptop battery Small Large Weight, g Output voltage, V mAh Wh Wh/kg
200 275
14.8 14.8
1400 2600
20.7 38.5
103.6 140
Li-ion battery
275 g 255 g
275 g
275 g
825 g 315 g
1W 10 W 100 W 1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW
DMFC
PEMFC
AFC PAFC MCFC SOFC
Operating Temperature
AFC PEMFC DMFC PAFC MCFC
SOFC 1000 oC
100 200
500
Applications and Stack Layout
Mark hampden-Smith, Superior MicroPowders @ Small Fuel Cells 2003
Methanol fuel cell
Power Range and Operating Temperatures Range of Fuel Cells Power Range
Stack Layout Power
Planar Stack
mW
手機, PDA
W
KW
MW
不斷電系統 熱電共生系統 交通工具 分散式發電
Applications
數位相機, 筆記型電腦 小型交通工具, 可攜式電源
Market Survey
G. Grawley, “Fuel Cell Today Market Survey: Portable Applications”, from www.fuelcelltoday.com
Slope concentration of fuel and kind of fuel
1000
batteries
Intercept fuel cell volume
Cell volume /cm3
800 600 400 200 0 0 50
FC1 FC2
100
150
200
250
300
Energy / Wh
疊堆式電池組 – 燃料流程
3M
24W (2x12W), 10 hr
hybrid with 20 W NiCd
平面式設計 - 1
Motolora Inc. (2000), US Patent 6,127,058
燃料
電子連接器
空氣
陽極 薄膜 陰極
J. Power Sources, 93 (2001) 25
400 300 200 100 0 0
NiNi-Cd MH Lead acid Li ion Plastic Li ion
Li metal (unsafe)
ENERGY DENSITY (Wh/liter)
1000 800 600 400
50
100
150
200
250
ENERGY DENSITY (Wh/kg)
Cathode
Electrode potential
Membrane (electrolyte)
電池組結構的分類

平面式 (Planar)
wk.baidu.com
疊堆式 (Stack)
由於攜帶式電子產品的特色為輕薄小，因此電池組設計亦朝 輕薄小方面著手。 攜帶式電子產品所用的疊堆式電池組有異於大型電廠的疊堆 式電池組。
電池組結構的分類

平面式(Planar) 疊堆式(Stack)
由於攜帶式電子產品的 特色為輕薄小, 因此電池 組設計亦朝輕薄小方面 著手. 攜帶式電子產品所用的 疊堆式電池組有異於大 型電廠的疊堆式電池組.
Load 6e
-
CO2
6e
-
6H+ 6H CH3OH + H2O
+
A AMEA MEAcontains: contains: Cathode Cathode ••cathode cathodedifusion difusionlayer layer ••cathode cathodecatalyst catalystlayer layer Anode Anode ••anode anodediffusion diffusionlayer layer 3/2 O2 ••anode anodecatalyst catalystlayer layer Air in Proton exchange membrane Proton exchange membrane 3 H2O