语法第一讲：讲透定语从句

语法：定语从句

讲课老师：孙老师

提纲：

一、为什么要有定语从句

二、定语从句具体内容

三、定语从句的使用

1. 了解定语n. (perp.+n. / adj. )

2. 为什么要有定语从句

3. 定语从句的构成：

被修饰的词+指向词+句子

S V O [A]

缺S，O →关系代词

缺[A] →关系副词

Is this the school _____you worked?

Is this the school _____you visited?

Is this school _____you worked?

方法：

1. SVO→确定先行词

2.析从句→ S V O [A]

3. 缺S，O →关系代词（that, which, whose, who, whom, as）

缺[A] →关系副词(when, where, why)

最关键：区别v到底vt. 还是vi.?

关系代词

一、关于that, which

You must do the thing which you think you cannot do. 你一定要去做自己认为做不到的事情。

If dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly. 假如梦想死亡，人生就是

断翅的鸟儿不能飞翔。（that在定语从句中作主语)

二、关于who, whom

God helps those who help themselves. 自助者，天助之。（who 在定语从句中作主语）

The world makes way for the man who knows where he is going. 世界让路于方向明确的人。（who 在定语从句中作主语）

Do not make friends with those whom (或who) you do not know well. 不要和自己不充分了解的人交朋友。

三、省略的情况：（宾语）

The greatest thing a father can do for his children is to love their mother. 一位父亲能为子女所做的最好的事情就是爱他们的母亲。

A great man shows his greatness by the way he treats little men. 伟大人物通过对待小人物的方式表现其伟大之处。

Everything depends upon the way we look at it. 一切事物都取决于我们看待他们的方式。

四、关于whose

人：

Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails. 幸运从不帮助没有勇气的人。物：

Success is a journey, whose initial step is paved with an inner passion. （相当于Success is a journey, the initial step of which is paved with an inner passion.）成功是一次旅程，第一步是由内心的热情铺就的。

特殊关系代词

as引导定语从句

Take such measures as the situation calls for. 按形势所需采取相应对策。

I am the same person when I’m in the spotlight as I am when I’m alone. 当我处在聚光灯下时和当自己独处时是同一个人。

As we have noted, few people are total winners or losers. 正如我们已经指出的，很少有人大获全胜或彻底失败。

关系副词

一、关于when:

There will be moments in life when you are presented with new options. 人生中总会有面对新选择的时刻。

The moments when you have really lived are the moments when you have done things in a spirit of love. 真正生活的时刻是以爱的精神做事的时刻。

二、由where引导的定语从句

The dictionary is the only place where success comes before work. 只有在字典里，成功才先于工作。

Work is the place where happiness lies. 工作是幸福之所在。

三、由why引导的定语从句

Unsuccessful people can always find rea sons why they’re not doing well. 不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。

The reason why rivers and seas receive the respect of a hundred mountain streams is that they keep below them. 河流和海洋之所以受到百川的尊敬是因为他们处在百川之下。

带介词的定语从句

1.由于先行词的要求

Each of us has a purpose for which we were created. 我们每个人生于世上都有其意义。

We are aware of the extent to which a positive attitude contributes to success. 我们知道积极的态度在多大程度上促进成功。

2. 由于从句中某个词的要求，引导词之前带介词

There are faults from which none of us is free. 有些错误是我们任何人也避免不了的。（from的使用由形容词free要求）

Experience is a school from which you can never graduate. 经验是一所你永远毕不了业的学校。（from的使用由动词graduate要求）

A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm. 一个人能够在自己具有无限热情的几乎任何事情上取得成功。（for的使用由名词enthusiasm要求）

3. 出于语义表达的需要，引导词之前带介词。

Knowledge is the wings with which we fly to the heavens. 知识是我们借以飞上天堂的翅膀。

4. 数词of whom (略)

特殊情况

一、分割式定语从句

No man fails who does his best. 竭尽所能的人不会失败。

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。

二、

at which point (在这时)，at which time (在这时)，by which time (到这时为止)，during which time (在此期间)，for which reason (由于这个原因)，in which case (在这种情况下)等。

One often doesn’t know how to seize opportunities until they are actually needed, at which point it may be too late. 一个人往往到了真正需要机会的时候才知道去抓住机会，在此时或许为时已晚。