英语专业八级过关必做1000题-第1章 听力理解过关必做200题【圣才出品】
2011年英语专业八级真题及详解 章节题库(阅读理解)【圣才出品】
第2章阅读理解◆社会生活类Passage OneOne school night this month I sidled up to Alexander, my 15-year-old son, and stroked his cheek in a manner I hoped would seem casual. Alex knew better, sensing by my touch, which lingered just a moment too long, that I was sneaking a touch of the stubble that had begun to sprout near his ears. A year ago he would have ignored this intrusion and returned my gesture with a squeeze. But now he recoiled, retreating stormily to his computer screen. That, and a peevish roll of his eyes, told me more forcefully than words, Mom, you are so busted!I had committed the ultimate folly: invading my teenager’s personal space. “The average teenager has pretty strong feelings about his privacy,”Lara Fox, a recent young acquaintance, told me with an assurance that brooked no debate. Her friend Hilary Frankel chimed in: “What Alex is saying is: ‘This is my body changing. It’s not yours.’”Intruding, however discreetly, risked making him feel babied “at a time when feeling like an adult is very important to him,”she added.OK, score one for the two of you. These young women, after all, are experts. Ms. Frankel and Ms. Fox, both 17, are the authors of “Breaking the Code”(New American Library), a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents. It is being promoted by its publisher as the firstself-help guide by teenagers for their parents, a kind of “Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus”that demystifies the language and actions of teenagers. The girls tackled issues including curfews, money, school pressures, smoking and sibling rivalry.Personally, I welcomed insights into teenagers from any qualified experts, and that included the authors. The most common missteps in interacting teenagers, they instructed me, stem from the turf war between parents asserting their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers zealously guarding their privacy. When a child is younger, they write, every decision revolves around the parents. But now, as Ms. Fox told me, “often your teenager is in this bubble that doesn’t include you.”Ms. Fox and Ms. Frankel acknowledge that they and their peers can be quick to interpret their parents’remarks as dismissive or condescending and respond with a hostility that masks their vulnerability. “What we want above all is your approval,”they write. “Don’t forget, no matter how much we act as if we don’t care what you say, we believe the things you say about us.”Nancy Samalin, a New York child-rearing expert and the author of “Loving Without Spoiling”(McGraw-Hill, 2003), said she didn’t agree with everything the authors suggested but found their arguments reasonable. “When your kids are saying, ‘You don’t get it, and you never will,’there are lots of ways to respond so that they will listen,”she said, “and that’s what the writers point out.”As for my teenager, Alex, Ms. Fox and Ms. Frankel told me I would have donebetter to back off or to have asked “Is your skin feeling rougher these days?”A more successful approach, the authors suggest in their book, would have been for the mother to offer, as Ms. Fox’s own parents did, a later curfew once a month, along with an explanation of her concerns. “My parents helped me see,”Ms. Fox told me, “that even though they used to stay out late and ride their bicycles to school, times have changed. These days there is a major fear factor in bringing up kids. Parents worry about their child crossing the street.”The writers said they hoped simply to shed light on teenage thinking. For their parents it did. Reminded by Ms. Fox that teenagers can be quite territorial, her father, Steven Fox, a dentist, said, “These days I’m better about knocking on the door when I want to come into Lara’s room.”“I try to talk to her in a more respectful way, more as an adultish type of teenager rather than a childish type of teenager,”he added.1. Which of the following is NOT true about the teenagers’attitude towards their parents?A. They yearn for the respect and approval from their parents.B. They want a private space without being invaded by their parents.C. They usually have a conversation with their parents in unequal positions.D. They resist parents’remarks due to their disbelief of parents’judgments. 【答案】D【解析】细节题。
专业八级-199 (1)
专业八级-199(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Chemistry plays an important part in our life. The (1) ______ of a clock, (1) ______ the clothes we wear, and our leather shoes are all made (2) ______ . (2) ______ the water we drink is chemically purified. The glass and (3)______ of the mirror, (3) ______ the manufacturing of light bulbs, the paint and plaster on our walls require chemistry. The cooking, digestion and assimilation of the food are all chemical (4) _____.(4) ______ The construction of an automobile may require many kinds of chemically made (5) _____ (5) ______ Chemistry and its (6) ______ have helped us to live longer. (6) ______ The science of medicine also (7) ______ heavily upon chemistry. (7) ______ And with (8) ______ and antiseptics, surgery is no longer crude and limited. (8) ______ Our increasing knowledge of the chemical (9) ______ that take place in the human body results in great strides in modem medicine. (9) ______ Fortunately, most of us do not need a profound knowledge of chemistry, but some understanding of chemistry should be a part of the (10) ______ of every educated person. (10) ______Chemistry plays an important part in our life. The (1) ______ of a clock, (1) ______ the clothes we wear, and our leather shoes are all made (2) ______ . (2) ______ the water we drink is chemically purified. The glass and (3)______ of the mirror, (3) ______ the manufacturing of light bulbs, the paint and plaster on our walls require chemistry. The cooking, digestion and assimilation of the food are all chemical (4) _____.(4) ______ The construction of an automobile may require many kinds of chemically made (5) _____ (5) ______ Chemistry and its (6) ______ have helped us to live longer. (6) ______ The science of medicine also (7) ______ heavily upon chemistry. (7) ______ And with (8) ______ and antiseptics, surgery is no longer crude and limited. (8) ______ Our increasing knowledge of the chemical (9) ______ that take place in the human body results in great strides in modem medicine. (9) ______ Fortunately, most of us do not need a profound knowledge of chemistry, but some understanding of chemistry should be a part of the (10) ______ of every educated person. (10) ______（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：mechanism）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：chemically）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：silvering）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：processes）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：materials）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：products）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：draws）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：anesthetics）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：reactions）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：background）[听力原文]Questions-Chemistry deals with the materials of which the world is composed and the changes they many undergo. All of us, whether we are farmers, merchants, doctors, mechanics, chemists, housewives, or students, use this science directly or indirectly in a thousand ways every day. Our lives are made longer, healthier, richer, more convenient, and more pleasant because of chemistry.We need only consider our daily routine activities to appreciate the part chemistry plays in everyday life. The clock that wakes us in the morning probably has in its mechanism half a dozen different metals or alloys, all of which were prepared by chemical processes. The clothes we put on were bleached and dyed chemically, or perhaps woven from synthetic materials produced by chemical processes devised by man. The leather in our shoes was tanned and dyed with chemicals. The water with which we wash is chemically treated to purify, and, sometimes, to soften it. The soap, toothpaste, shaving cream or cosmetics we use are all chemical products. Chemistry is involved in the glass and silvering of the mirror, in the manufacture of light bulbs, and the paint and plaster on our walls. The food for breakfast is cooked, digested, and assimilated in our bodies by chemical processes. We drive to work or school in and automobile which may be constructed of a hundred different kinds of steel, to say nothing of the other metals and alloys, plastics, rubber, and fuels and lubricants which power or protect it. All of these were prepared by chemical processes.The science of medicine draws heavily upon chemistry, and many of us are alive today because of chemical products. Evidence indicates that, in ancient Rome, life expectancy averaged 22 years. Yet, in 1912 life expectancy in the United States averaged about 49 years. Now it has reached 70 for men and 73 for women. Chemistry and its products have played an important part in this increase in the life span of man.Modern surgery is dependent upon anesthetics and antiseptics. Ether was first used as an anesthetic by Long in 1842. Chloroform was used a few years later. Before that time the patient might have been given opium derivatives or whiskey, or he might simply have been held down. Surgery was necessarily very crude and limited. Semmelweis in 1847 discovered that the hands, instruments, and clothing of the doctor could carry infection, and demanded that doctors maintain higher standards of cleanliness. In 1877 in Germany, Koch proved that germs caused disease or infection, and that they could often be controlled by chemicals. Pasteur' s work on the destruction of bacteria in food was done in the early 1860s.The sulfa drugs developed in the 1930s proved to be powerful weapons against disease, and a little later the antibiotics were an even more important breakthrough in the fight against germs. Epidemics of typhus, cholera, diphtheria, and smallpox, which once swept the land, bringing death or disfiguration, are virtually a thing of the past now in most of the world. Chemistry has played a mighty part in their defeat. The great strides being made in modern medicine are largely the result of an increasing knowledge of the chemical reactions that take place in the most complex of all chemical systems, the human body. Fortunately, most of us do not need a profound knowledge of chemistry in order to use the chemical processes and chemical products of modern living. Some understanding of the principles, processes, and applications of chemistry, nevertheless, should be a part of the background of every educated person.二、{{B}}SECTION B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Which word is not used by Norberg-Hodge to describe the Ladakhi people?（分数：1.00）A.openB.happyC.self-protected √D.humble[听力原文]Questions-An interview with Helena Norberg-Hodge, about her work in a pristine, ancient Himalayan culture as it faced the siren song of western-style development. Share International US editor Monte Leach spoke with Norberg-Hodge on her recent visit to the San Francisco Bay Area.Share International: How did you first get involved with helping to preserve the Ladakhi culture? Helena Norberg-Hodge: I trekked into remote valleys and spoke to Ladakhi people everywhere. I saw quite a remarkable self-reliant wealth and above all an amazing self-esteem of people who were models of what it means to feel completely secure in their own identity and place. They seemed to be the most open, happy and humble people. And they told me they had never known hunger. They had a standard of living much higher than I would have expected, none of it from so-called progress. SI: How did their way of life begin to be undermined?HNH: The Indian Government had a territorial dispute with the Chinese, and decided to develop this area as a way of ensuring that it became a closer part of India. Their approach to development was based on a Western model which had nothing to do with local knowledge and resources. This included pushing chemical fertilizers and pesticides, including DDT and other outlawed pesticides. It meant subsidizing white rice and white sugar from the outside. These subsidies for imported food were destroying local food production, and creating a total dependence on imports. It was making the region very vulnerable. Subsidized fossil fuels like kerosene and coal being brought in to heat houses also led to subsidized transport. It meant that roads the government was building were actually destroying the local economy.Tourism also became part of the Indian Government' s plan to develop the area. Nearly every foreigner who came there was just amazed by how peaceful, happy and beautiful the place and people were. The foreigners would say: "Oh, what a paradise. What a pity it has to be destroyed." When I heard this for something like the 100th time, something within me snapped. I was closely involved with the local people, and I knew not a single one of them thought of this as destruction. Not a single local person ever said: "Whit a pity we have to be destroyed." I realized the foreigners had seen that in the rest of the world this type of economic growth could be very destructive.I also realized the local people knew nothing about it. Around that time I read a book called Small is Beautiful. It gave me the conviction that things could be done differently and meeting the outside world didn' t have to mean destruction.I started talking to the local people about what development had meant in other parts of the world.I realized they were getting a completely wrong view of what life was like in the West. They were saying: "My God, you must be incredibly wealthy." They were getting an impression that we never need to work, that we have infinite wealth and leisure. It is not that they were unintelligent, but they had limited information about this other world.That led me to realize that I could do work which would provide more accurate information. My goal was not to tell the Ladakhis what to do, not even to tell them that they should stay exactly the way they were, but to provide as much information as possible on what life is really like in the West. That included information on our problems of pollution, unemployment, and poverty, and that a lot of the poverty in the so-called Third World was due to our wealth in the developed world. I also wanted to show that many Westerners who ended up a part of this system were straggling in their own country to find a more environmentally and socially equitable way of living. I gave examples that some people were using solar energy and growing food organically, and implementing a range of more sustainable and equitable alternatives.SI: What kind of response did you get from the Ladakhis?HNH: On the whole the information was received with great interest and appreciation. The end result was that the message showed them they need not feel ashamed about who they were, or think they were backward or primitive. There were also modernized young men who for a while thought thisapproach would hold them back, but they have on the whole now changed. I think the support now for this work is tremendous, and growing all the time in Ladakh.(2).Why was the Ladakhi culture damaged?（分数：1.00）A.Because India and China fought thereB.Because it becomes dependent on the importC.Because the Indian government regarded this region as the front in warD.Because the developing ways introduced are against the realities there √解析：(3).As far as tourism concerned, local people ______.（分数：1.00）A.think their culture is being destroyedB.feel it is a pity to lose the paradiseC.have different ideas from the foreigners √D.are fully aware of the consequences解析：(4).Ladakhi people think that the Westerns ______.（分数：1.00）A.are not richB.need not to work √C.are unintelligentD.have the same lives as those of them解析：(5).Ladakhi people usually ______ .（分数：1.00）A.have few interests in the information provided by Norberg-HodgeB.can understand the information √C.feel ashamed of their backwardness after knowing about the outside worldD.know how the outside world is解析：三、{{B}}SECTION C{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：5.00)（分数：3.00）(1).How could the researchers explore the mummy now?（分数：1.00）A.separate ite 3-D tech √C.put something in itD.remove something from it解析：[听力原文]暂缺(2).How can we get 3-D images?（分数：1.00）e CAT and SGI √e photographe medicinee software解析：(3).With more study, we could identify ______ .（分数：1.00）A.objects within the wrappingsB.Nesperennub’s ageC.his faceD.A,B and C √解析：{{I}}Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the news.{{/I}}{{I}}Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the news.{{/I}}（分数：2.00）(1).The reasons why the church wanted to burn Harry Potter books didn't include that ______.（分数：1.00）A.it believed that the books were an abhorrence to GodB.it believed that the books would weaken the communication with GodC.it believed that the existence of God had been confused by the book √D.it believed that the books would ruin the lifves of many young people解析：[听力原文]Questions-A New Mexico church plans to burn Harry Potter books because they are "an abomination to God," the church pastor said on Wednesday.Pastor Jack Brock said he would have a "holy bonfire" on Sunday at the Christ Community Church in Alamogordo in southern New Mexico to torch books about the fictional teen-age wizard who is wildly popular with young people."These books encourage our youth to learn more about witches, warlocks, and sorcerers, and those things are an abomination to God and to me," Brock, 74, told Reuters."Harry Potter books are going to destroy the lives of many young people."The books, written by British author J.K. Rowling, have been runaway bestsellers and a movie, "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer' s Stone," is currently a blockbuster hit.Brock, who said his Christmas Eve sermon was titled "The Baby Jesus or Harry Potter," described the book burning as part of an effort to encourage Christians to remove everything from their homes that prevents them from communicating with God.The books have come under fire in a few U.S communities for supposedly encouraging devilish thoughts among the young, but Rowling in an earlier statement issued by her publisher--Bloomsbury called the criticisms absurd."I have met thousands of children now, and not even one time has a child come up to me and said, ' Ms. Rowling, I' m so glad I' ve read these books because now I want to be a witch," she said.(2).Which statement is not true?（分数：1.00）A.The stories of Harry Potter are criticized in some other cities in U.S except New MexiconB.Young people are fascinated with Harry PotterC.Christian churches hate Harry Potter √D.Pastor Jack Brock planned to burn the Harry Potter books on Sunday解析：四、{{B}}PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.What does "dirty pool" at the end of the second paragraph mean?（分数：1.00）A.Improper deeds √B.BriberyC.ChicaneryD.Dirty transaction解析：根据原文我们可以推测出，dirty pool指的是不光彩的行为。
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheetSECTION A TALKQuestions I to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the talk.1. Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk?A. Offices throughout the world are basically alike.B. There are primarily two kinds of office layout.C. Office surroundings used to depend on company size.D. Office atmosphere influences workers' performance.2. We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on yourA. promotion.B. colleagues.C. management.D. union.3. Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances?A. Request a formal special meeting with the boss.B. Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting.C. Contact a consultative committee first.D. Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately.4. According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPTA. mediation.B. arbitration.C. negotiation.D. representation.5. Which topic is NOT covered in the talk?A. Role of the union.B. Work relations.C. Company structure.D. Office layout.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?A. He had excellent academic records at school and university.B. He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.C. He received professional training in acting.D. He came from a single-parent family.7. David is inclined to believe inA. aliens.B. UFOs.C. the TV character.D. government conspiracies.8. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of hisA. professional training.B. personality.C. life experience.D. appearance.9. From the interview, we know that at present David feelsA. a sense of frustration.B. haunted by the unknown thingsC. confident but moody.D. successful yet unsatisfied.10. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?A. He feels a sense of anger.B. He has a sense of sadness.C. It helped him grow up.D. It left no effect on him.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11. What is the main idea of the news item?A. US concern over th6 forthcoming peace talks.B. Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.C. Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.D. Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.12. Some voters will waste their ballots becauseA. they like neither candidate.B. they are all ill-informed.C. the candidates do not differ much.D. they do not want to vote twice.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer each of the questions.Now listen to the news.13. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?A. Canada.B. The US.C. Australia.D. Scandinavia.14. _______ is in the 12th place in overall ranking.A. BritainB. FranceC. FinlandD. Switzerland15. According to the UN report, the least developed country isA. Ethiopia.B. Mali.C. Sierra Leon.D. Central African Republic.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.PART III READING COMPREHENSIOS (40MIN)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet~TEXT AHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent timesthe Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own -unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."16. Gypsies are united only when theyA are engaged in traditional crafts.B. call themselves Roma.C. live under a clan system.D. face external threats.17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the followingEXCEPTA. the Egyptians.B the state.C. the church.D. the Nazis.18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA．language.B. culture.C. identity.D. custom.TEXT ＢI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains thatonce ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michaux's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged-although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and'30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and '80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life.Now, you want to shout “Lookin’good!”at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed toa 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that HarlemA. has remained unchanged all these years.B. has undergone drastic changes.C. has become the capital of Black America.D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life.20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling ofA. indifference.B, discomfort.C. delight.D. nostalgia.21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and '30s mainly because of itsA. art and culture.B. immigrant population.C. political enthusiasm.'D. distinctive architecture.22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the authorA. has strong reservations about the changes.B. has slight reservations about the changes,C. welcomes the changes in Harlem.D. is completely opposed to the changes.TEXT CThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man. Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. Marriage.B. Background.C. Relevant degree.D. Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family background.B. intended to check out his other job offers.C. wanted to know something about his preference.D. was interested in any personal detail of the man.25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDereer.B. he would soon become a partner himself.C. he was good at interviewing applicants.D. his background was similar to MeDereer's.26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selective.B. secretive.C. perfunctory.D. racially biased.TEXT KFirst read the questions.39. When did Moore receive his first commission?A. In 1948.B. In 1946.C. In 1931.D. In 1928.40. Where did Moore win his first international prize?A. In London.B. In Venice.C. In New York.D. In Hamburg.Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40.Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World War began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman's grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London.In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with an equally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years.Throughout the 1920's Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad- the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued.In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore's work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970's the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation. The main themes in Moore's work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926. At the end of the 1960's came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme- variously interpreted as a hard form coveting a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb.A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and in particular the works of Henry Moore.ANSWER SHEET ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAPFILING (15 MIN)Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Marslow's Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged In order of importance.Physiological needs: the most (1)______________ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.(2)______________needs: needs for a) physicalsecurity;b)(3)_______________security.The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)______________, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)______________________plans, and safe working conditions.Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection;b) a sense of belonging.There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace;b) formation of relationships outside workplace.Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one's sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others' respect as a result of one's (6__________.These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.Self-realization needs: need to realize one'spotential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)______________________ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively(8)______________ needs.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (9)_____________for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (10)_______________when they come into play. ANSWER SHEET TWOTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS [2003]-GRADE EIGIHT-PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)__ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.”These young (2)__adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)__but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)__and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)__Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)__formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)__divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)__ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)__ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)__ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER TWOTIME LIMIT: 120 MINPART IV TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。
专八标准听力1000题-Model Test 01【声音字幕同步PPT】
Generally, it is agreed that no one version is correct,
however, there are certainly preferences in use.
The three major differences between American and British English are: pronunciation differences in both vowel
in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the
present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet. In British English: I've just had lunch.
burnt OR burned, dream dreamt OR dreamed, learn learnt
OR learned,
smell smelt OR smelled, spell spelt OR spelled,
spill spilt OR spilled, spoil spoilt OR spoiled. However, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the first form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English.
大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷(带答案)
大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Suggestions of Reading ActivitiesⅠ. Three 1 phases of reading—before reading—in the course of reading—after readingⅡ. Pre-reading activities—finding 2 to make comprehension easier—we-reading discussion activities to ease cognition—being aware of the 3 for reading—consideration of different types of reading skills:skimming, scanning, extensive reading, 4—understanding the 5 of the materialⅢ. Suggestions for during-reading activitiesA. Tips of 6 :—summarizing, reacting, questioning, 7 , evaluating, involving own experiencesB. My suggestions:—making predictions—making selections—combining 8 to facilitate comprehension—focusing on significant pieces of information—making use of 9 or guessing—breaking words into their 10—reading in 11—learning to pause—12Ⅳ. Post-reading suggestionsA. Depending on the goal of reading—penetrating 13—meshing new informationB. 14—discussing—summarizing—giving questions—filling in 15—writing reading notes—role-playingSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Methods to help people get rich. B. Eight steps to make hill use of money.C. Measures to improve the quality of life.D. Basic knowledge of the payoff.17、A. Do a financial checkup. B. Read self-help books.C. Do online banking.D. Organize their daily schedule.18、A. To have online access. B. To have a shoe box.C. To know exactly what access can be used.D. To know the condition of income.19、A. Tracking on the online banking. B. Tracking with debit cards or credit cards.C. Tracking through checking account.D. Tracking with a joint account.20、A. For small purchases. B. For major purchases.C. For household expenses.D. For mortgage payment.21、A. Because the gene has been passed down before they died.B. Because their families and relatives had similar gene.C. Because the gene had to protect people in the past and today.D. Because the gene has been passed down by skipped generation.22、A. Ten minutes before we go indoor.B. Ten minutes after exposing to the sun.C. The first ten minutes when go out in the sun.D. As soon as we go out in the sun.23、A. Because they take advantage of numerous fertilizers.B. Because they are all sprayed with pesticides.C. Because they contain great chemicals and make poisons.D. Because they have been processed before sale.24、A. Because some of them are not used to some kinds of alcohol.B. Because most of them drink fewer times than people of other continents.C. Because half of them lack a gene to break down alcohol efficiently.D. Because some of them suffer from diseases that limit drinking.25、A. It gives conventional account for medicine.B. It introduces the dietary regime for the sick.C. It sees various medical issues in new light.D. It offers tips on survival in the wilderness.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE26Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate theft bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA., which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.27The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artficial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual's genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.28The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG. and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG.. The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.29However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.30The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchersestimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.31Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG., compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.32In the meantime, Dr. Schulze's study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.PASSAGE TWO26Asked what job they would take if they could have any, people unleash their imaginations and dream of exotic places, powerful positions or work that involves alcohol and a paycheck at the same time. Or so you'd think.27None of those appeals to Lori Miller who, as a lead word processor, has to do things that don't seem so dreamy, which include proofreading, spell checking and formatting. But she loves it. "I like and respect nearly all my co-workers, and most of them feel the same way about me," she says. "Just a few things would make it a little better," she says, including a shorter commute and the return of some great people who used to work there. And one more thing: She'd appreciate if everyone would put their dishes in the dishwasher.28It's not a lot to ask for and, it turns out, a surprising number of people dreaming up their dream job don't ask for much. One could attribute it to lack of imagination, setting the bar low or "anchoring," the term referring to the place people start and never move far from. One could chalk it up to rationalizing your plight.29But maybe people simply like what they do and aren't, as some management would have you believe, asking for too much—just the elimination of a small but disproportionately powerful amount of office inanity. That may be one reason why two-thirds of Americans would take the same job again "without hesitation" and why 90% of Americans are at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs, according to a Gallup Poll.30The matters that routinely rank high on a satisfaction scale don't relate to money but "work as a means for demonstrating some sort of responsibility and achievement," says Barry Staw, professor of leadership and communication at University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business. "Pay—even when it's important, it's not for what you can buy, it's a validation of your work and approval."31So, money doesn't interest Elizabeth Gray as much as a level playing field. "I like what I do," says the city project manager who once witnessed former colleagues award a contractor, paid for work he never completed, with the title of "Contractor of the Year".32Thus: "My dream job would be one free of politics," she says. "All advancement would be based on merit. The people who really did the work would be the ones who received the credit."40Frank Gastner has a similar ideal: "VP in charge of destroying inane policies." Over the years, he's had to hassle with the simplest of design flaws that would cost virtually nothing to fix were it not for the bureaucracies that entrenched them. So, the retired manufacturer's representative says he would address product and process problems with the attitude, "It's not right; let's fix it now without a committee meeting."41Monique Huston actually has her dream job—and many tell her it's theirs, too. She's general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches on its menu. She visits bars, country clubs, people's homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. "I stumbled on my passion in life," she says.42Still, some nights she doesn't feel like drinking—or smiling. "Your face hurts," she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world you'll do next.43One of the big appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies.44He was lured by the salary ($1 million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A documentary he saw about Mustique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouk's "Don't Stop the Carnival," about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job.45He heard nothing. So last May, he wrote another letter: "I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun." He didn't get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasn't been filled. "So, I can still dream," he adds.46I told him the job had been filled by someone—but only after he said, "I need to know, because then I can begin to dream of his failure."PASSAGE THREE26Israel is a "powerhouse of agricultural technology", says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The country's cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers.27So will EI lap up India's milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producer—the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers' Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown "immense resilience" in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG.. Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever; its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nestleacute.28Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firms—from China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economies—that BCG has anointed as "local dynamos". They areprospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its "global challengers" list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home.29Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvard's Dani Rodrik has called "export fetishism". International success remains a firm's proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. "Exporters are better" was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data.30Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a company's worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets.31BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots' tastes. It gives the example of Gol, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Gol planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly.32Similarly astute was India's Titan Industries, which has increased its share of India's wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries.40Exporters tend to be more capital-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, China's biggest "out of home" advertising company, gets messages out on flat-panel displays in 85,000 locations around the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firm's fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays' discs and flash-cards by hand.41The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos includes some of the world's biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about.PASSAGE FOUR26It is hard for modern people to imagine the life one hundred years ago. No television, no plastic, no ATMs, no DVDs. Illnesses like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pneumonia meant only death. Of course, cloning appeared only in science fiction. Not to mention, computer and Internet.27Today, our workplace are equipped with assembly lines, fax machines, computers. Our daily life is cushioned by air conditioners, cell phones. Antibiotics helped created a long list of miracle drugs. The by-pass operation saved millions. The discovery of DNA has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Man finally stepped on the magical and mysterious Moon. With the rapid changes we have been experiencing, the anticipation for the future is higher than ever.28A revolutionary manufacturing process made it possible for anyone to own a car. Henry Ford is the man who put the world on wheels.29When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot over-look Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Henry Ford who most influenced all manufacturing everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughter houses.30Back in the early 1900s, slaughter houses used what could have been called a "disassembly line." That is, the carcass of a slain steer or a pig was moved past various meat-cutters, each of whom cut off only a certain portion. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell, of The University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development tells what happened: "The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one magneto every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."31Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.32Edsel Ford, Henry's great-grandson, and a Ford vice president: "I think that my great-grandfather would just be amazed at how far technology has come."40Many of today's innovations come from Japan. Norman Bodek, who publishes books about manufacturing processes, finds this ironic. On a recent trip to Japan he talked to two of the top officials of Toyota. "When I asked them where these secrets came from, where their ideas came from to manufacture in a totally different way, they laughed, and they said. 'Well. We just read it in Henry Ford's book from 1926: Today and Tomorrow.'"26、The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. is always accurate and reliableB. is proved to be inaccurateC. may sometimes show inaccuracyD. has helped end doping in sport27、According to official Olympic policy, which of the following ratio between TG and EG is considered suspicious? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. 1:1.B. 2.5:1.C. 3.3:1.D. 4.5:1.28、Which of the following is NOT true about UGT2B17, according to the passage? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. None, one or two working copies of UGT2B17 can be found in different people.B. Test results would depend on numbers of working copies of UGT2B17.C. Most Caucasians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.D. Most Asians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.29、Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?______(PASSAGE ONE.A. Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.B. Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.C. Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".D. Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.30、According to the passage, ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. many people don't ask for much about their dream jobB. most Americans are not satisfied with their jobsC. Lori Miller is totally satisfied with her current jobD. Loti Miller is not satisfied with her current job at all31、What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the passage? ______(PASSAGE TWO)A. To show that people don't ask for much about their dream job.B. To show that most people in America are satisfied with their jobs.C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.32、All the following are mentioned as features of a dream job EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. demonstrating duty and achievementB. being free of politicsC. making people dream about itD. involving alcohol drinking33、According to the passage, after EI enters the Indian dairy business, ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. India's milk market will not necessarily be greatly influencedB. India's milk market will be completely lapped upC. Amul will lose in the competition with EID. Unilever and Nestleacute will leave the Indian market34、All of the following are ways to accomplish the feat of withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. relying more on skilled laborB. specializing in consumer businessesC. taking advantage of the cheap workforceD. better understanding homeconsumers' tastes35、Which of the following would the author most probably agree? ______(PASSAGE THREE.A. Not all of the developing world's most successful companies are globalizing.B. Companies venturing abroad most eagerly are the most successful at home.C. Local dynamos are the most successful firms all over the world.D. Globalizing is not good for companies in emerging economies.36、To call Henry Ford "the man who put the world on wheels", the author means ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. he made quality wheels famous to the whole worldB. he produced cars for free for people all over the worldC. his innovation made it possible for anyone to own a carD. his innovation provided everyone in the world with a car37、The assembly line reduced the time to make a magneto by ______ within a year.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. 20%B. 38%C. 65%D. 75%38、Before assembly line was introduced, the price of a Ford's car was ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. $260B. $130C. $520D. $104039、The last paragraph implies that ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Today and Tomorrow provides technological solutions for manufacturersB. Many of the Japanese innovations are inspired by Today and TomorrowC. Today and Tomorrow is more popular among the Japanese than the AmericansD. Today and Tomorrow is a Japanese manufacturing encyclopedia40、SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.According to the passage, what is the status quo of cheating in sport?(PASSAGE ONE.41、According to the second paragraph, why are the tests for anabolic steroids inconvincible?(PASSAGE ONE.42、What does the phrase "a level playing field" in Paragraph 6 mean?(PASSAGE TWO)43、What's the main idea of the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)44、According to the passage, what's the market orientation of those "local dynamos"?(PASSAGE THREE.45、According to Dani Rodrik, what's the most important achievement for "export fetishism"?(PASSAGE THREE.46、Why do many Gol planes take off at odd hours and fly indirectly?(PASSAGE THREE.47、Where did the idea of assembly line come from?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.Language performance and language acquisition are the twoprinciple concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics. 48The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerableamount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding 49of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental researchhas been conducted into the processes of learning a second language.The consequence has been most theories in this field 50are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning 51and behavior or from the recent work in language performance andacquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuableresearch on language teaching. But this has been concerned about 52the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, forexample, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills,the teaching of grammar by different methods.Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in 53language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that allcomparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtuallyimpossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know 54how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors asmotivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom,teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions to be drawnfrom such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized toother 55teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the 56 learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place. 57PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。
专业英语八级(政治类新闻听力)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（政治类新闻听力）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：Democracy was born in Greece and many still consider it the cradle of Western civilization. But in 2011 the bedrock of democracy in Greece, its parliament, has been defended by armed police against battalions of citizens who say their voice has been forgotten. The root of this crisis is money. After years of borrowing, Greece is in debt. Faced with a massive deficit and under pressure from the international community, the government has revved up taxes and put the brakes on spending. That’s been bad news for most Greeks. Business profits are low and poverty rates are high. Babis Papadimitriou, a journalist with the daily paper Kathimerini, says some Greeks conclude that the country would be better to default on its debt and leave the eurozone. Many protestors say the rights and well-being of Greek citizens are not at the heart of government policy. They say their government is making decisions that serve the interests of global economic powers and wealthy nations, while Greek people suffer the costs. Many though still believe that Greece is made stronger by its partners in the EU. And with street battles raging in the Greek capital, without a compromise it’s unclear if the government can maintain its authority. If it fails to do so, Greece may be forced to bid farewell to its membership of the eurozone, whether it wants to or not.1．What is the main idea of the news item?A．Street protests against parliament in Greece.B．The root of the economic crisis in Greece.C．The cause of political crisis in Greece.D．The origin of democracy.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：政治类2．Which of the following is CORRECT?A．EU partners are trying their best to help Greece finally.B．Raising taxes and reducing spending are the way out for Greece.C．Greek government does not concern the interests of Greek people.D．The protestors finally compromised with government authorities.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：The court’s ruling says Britain would be in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights if it sent the two men back to Somalia. The men have been convicted of burglary, drug dealing and threatening to kill people. British authorities sought to deport them. But the Strasbourg-based court said while their actions were “undesirable,” they would be at risk of mistreatment in Somalia and therefore they cannot be forced to go there. It ordered the British government to pay the men’s legal fees, totaling more than $ 30,000. The court analyzed each man’s personal and family situation before making its decision, suggesting it might approve the forced return of some people if they had the means to keep themselves safe. British media say the ruling could affect more than 200 other Somali convicts held in the country. The director of the European Institute at University College London, Professor Richard Bellamy, says when there is a risk of mistreatment, the cost to the British government of holding the men and the danger they might pose if they are released from prison someday are not relevant. Bellamy says under the European Convention on Human Rights, a person’s protection from torture is absolute. Bellamy says the Convention is designed, in part, to provide incentive to European countries to take action to help improve the human rights situation in other parts of the world so that foreign criminals can be sent home.3．Which of the following is NOT the crime committed by the men?A．Threatening to kill people.B．Drug dealing.C．Burglary.D．Robbery正确答案：D 涉及知识点：政治类4．According to Richard Bellamy, what is the partial goal of the European Convention on Human Rights?A．To improve human rights around the world.B．To threaten foreign criminals in European countries.C．To legally hold the foreign criminals of other counties.D．To make the British government not to violate the Convention.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：The nurses came from across the United States to Wall Street to lead a national organized labor movement against what they consider the inequities of Wall Street traders and banks. They are advocating a new fee on financial transactions that they say should be used for health care, jobs, national infrastructure and education. National Nurses United Executive Director Rose Ann DeMoro says such a tax could raise $ 350 billion—money, she says, belongs to the people. One of the nurses union co-directors, Deborah Burger, says it is time to share. Why are the nurses taking the lead in this transaction tax proposal? Diane Brady, senior editor of the magazine Bloomberg-Businessweek, has written about the nurses’ movement.Brady says Sweden and Japan had to ditch such a tax after a few years. She says the reality is that financial products more than any other products in the world are mobile, so if you add a tax in one jurisdiction all the trades will go somewhere else. New York University business and economics professor Joe Foudy says such a proposal has also come up in Congress during the past two years, but it is dead in the water. Foudy adds there is a huge disconnect between the culture of Wall Street and the rest of the country. The rest of the country looks at Wall Street as having helped to create the financial crisis in the United States, while people on Wall Street view this as, “It was someone who had my job four years ago and it is not my problem.”And he believes there will be rising popular anger as long as the disconnect is there.5．What is the main idea of the news item?A．National Nurses United negotiated with Wall Street to share tax money.B．The nurses protested against the inequities of Wall Street traders and banks.C．The public held a street demonstration against Wall Street traders and banks.D．Wall Street traders and banks are going to charge a new fee on financial transactions.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：政治类6．The likely cause for the disconnect between the culture of Wall Street and the rest of the country is______.A．who raised heavy taxB．who advocated a new feeC．who triggered the public angerD．who created the financial crisis正确答案：D 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文： A two-day meeting of the G8 foreign ministers ended without agreement on establishing a no-fly zone against Libya, with reservations expressed by Russia and Germany. The flight restrictions had been pushed by France and Britain, but even before the meeting ended, French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe acknowledged that support was far from unanimous. In an interview on France’s Europe 1 radio, Juppe said that if such a no-fly zone had been agreed to last week, the Libyan opposition might not have experienced its recent setbacks against the forces of Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi. He said G8 ministers had agreed to relaunch discussions at the United Nations on ways to increase pressure against the Gadhafi government, including a possible air exclusion zone. But German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle described any military intervention, as difficult and dangerous. Westerwelle said a no-fly zone amounted to military intervention, and the international community had to be careful not to provoke the opposite effect of what it intended.7．Which of the following country does NOT agree on establishing a no-fly zone against Libya?A．Russia.B．France.C．Britain.D．the US正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类8．According to German Foreign Minister, what is difficult and dangerous?A．Military intervention.B．Establishing a no-fly zone.C．The reservations of Russia.D．The toppling of Gadhafi government.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：US President Barack Obama pledged assistance for what he called a potentially catastrophic disaster in Japan. Mr Obama called Japan one of America’s strongest allies and said the US is offering whatever assistance is needed. US Defense Secretary Robert Gates said a preliminary assessment indicates that American troops, ships and military facilities were not seriously damaged by the quake or tsunami. Gates says the military, which has enormous assets in the Pacific, is ready to assist in rescue and recovery efforts. The US military newspaper Stars and Stripes is reporting a carrier group led by the USS Ronald Reagan was diverted to Japan as it sailed toward South Korea for military exercises. British Prime Minister David Cameron, arriving in Brussels for a European summit, sent his sympathies and condolences to the Japanese people. Also in Brussels, Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt said his country stands ready to help the Japanese people. French President Nicolas Sarkozy also offered his country’s assistance, saying France is planning to send planes and other resources to assist in Japan. Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao also expressed deep sympathy for the Japanese people and officials from China’ s Earthquake Administration told the Xinhua news agency that rescuers are prepared to travel to those areas affected by the quake.9．According to US Defense Secretary Robert Gates, American______.A．ships were heading for Japan for helpB．troops were ready for cooperation with JapanC．air force was sending planes to Japan for helpD．military facilities were not seriously damaged by the quake正确答案：D 涉及知识点：政治类10．Who said his country stands ready to help the Japanese people?A．Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt.B．British Prime Minister David Cameron.C．Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao.D．French President Nicolas Sarkozy.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：Prime Minister Gillard delivered what she called a “simple message”as she became the first head of state to address Congress since new members were elected in November. Prime minister Gillard said she stands firm in support of the US-led strategy in the decade-long war against the Taliban and is “cautiously optimistic” about the future of Afghanistan. Australia is the strongest non-NATO US ally, with more than 1,500 troops in Afghanistan. Ms Gillard also pledged cooperation in the Asia Pacific region, where she said the global order is changing the most. She acknowledged both countries’complex relationship with China, but said the United States should not fear China’s rapid growth as it bares the burden of its own tough economic times. In a direct appeal to lawmakers, Prime Minister Gillard urged them to make tough economic reforms and to pass legislation opening the door for more free trade in the Asia-Pacific region. The Australian prime minister also noted what she called the “momentous” upheaval in the Middle East, and pledged her alliance with the United States in condemning Iran’ s nuclear program, and in a call for an Israeli-Palestinian resolution.11．What is the main idea of the news item?A．Australian Prime Minister stands firm in support of the US-led strategy.B．The history of American and Australian alliance in world issues.C．The summit meeting among non-NATO US allies.D．The cooperation in the Asia Pacific region.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类12．Which of the following did Prime Minister Gillard NOT do?A．She urged lawmakers to make tough economic reforms.B．She acknowledged complex relationship with China.C．She pledged cooperation in the Asia Pacific region.D．She condemned North Korea’s nuclear program.正确答案：D 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：Russians turned out on a sunny Saturday afternoon in Moscow for two rival protests against corruption, the top issue on voters’ minds in this election year according to polls. This tale of two protests speaks volumes about the state of democracy in Russia—20 years after the fall of the Soviet Union. The state threw its weight fully behind the official anti-corruption protest. One day in advance Moscow officials blocked off a one kilometer long avenue for the demonstration. The avenue was conveniently located between a 10-lane highway and transit center with two subway and three commuter rail stations. Chartered buses brought in participants, who were issued flags, banners and crisp white “anticorruption” aprons. Numbering in the thousands, they then marched in groups into the protest zone. There, eight massive video screens and a powerful music system thumped out techno music and anti corruption messages. Each unit chanted its place of origin, in this case Moscow. The protest was organized by Nashi, widely seen as a youth wing of the ruling United Russia party.13．What is the main idea of the news item?A．Russians protest corruption.B．Russians fight for democracy.C．Russians elect their new leaders.D．Russians organize two rival parties.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类14．Which of the following is CORRECT?A．Participants number in the thousands.B．Nashi is a youth wing of the ruling party.C．Some Moscow officials joined the protest.D．The election is on a sunny Saturday afternoon.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：NATO foreign ministers offered a show of unity in calling for the departure of Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, but they ended their meeting in Berlin still apparently at odds over ways to add to their Libyan air operation. The leaders of the US, France and Britain published a joint opinion piece in several newspapers Friday saying a future with Mr Gadhafi in power was unthinkable. They said NATO operations must continue so long as the Libyan leader remained in power to protect civilians and keep up the pressure against the Libyan regime. NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen reacted to the letter at a final press conference Friday afternoon. But only half of the 28 NATO members are actively participating in the airstrikes. France and Britain, which have taken leading roles in the operation, are calling on other NATO members to do more. Following talks with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, British Foreign Secretary William Hague said the two saw “eye to eye” on what was required in the Libya campaign.15．What is the main message of the news item?A．NATO launches a new air strike on Libya.B．NATO asks other members to do more in Libya.C．NATO fails to add the pressure against the Libyan regime.D．NATO Secretary General answers questions at a press conference.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：政治类16．The news item implies that______in the Libya campaign.A．several newspapers have reported differently on Mr. Gadhafi’s futureB．NATO foreign ministers continue to discuss Libyan civilians’ situationC．US Secretary of State and British Foreign Secretary share the same ideasD．the 28 NATO members are actively supporting US, France and Britain正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：Thousands of Syrian protesters marched in the streets of a Damascus suburb Friday, shouting and chanting against the government. Witnesses say security forces used tear gas against the protesters who were marching towards the capital after Friday prayers. A Facebook website supporting change in Syria showed videos of protesters marching in the streets of nearly a dozen Syrian cities. In the mostly Sunni Muslim city of Horns, witnesses say protesters dispersed as security forces fired automatic rifles. In the flashpoint port city of Banias, scores of protesters marched towards the city center to demonstrate against the government, despite the presence of army troops. In a move to appease protesters, the government announced the release Friday of some prisoners arrested during recent sectarian strife.A video released by the opposition Sham TV showed dozens of protesters in Banias being beaten by what appeared to be Syrian secret police. Media figures and academics sympathetic to the government tried to downplay the violence and alleged government brutality in interviews with two pan-Arab television networks.17．What is the main idea of the news item?A．Unrest engulfs parts of Syria.B．Security forces appease protesters.C．A Facebook website witnesses a government change.D．Government brutality shows on two pan-Arab television networks.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：政治类18．What does the news item say about Syrian secret police?A．They beat dozens of protesters in Banias.B．They fired automatic rifles in the city of Homs.C．They arrested scores of protesters the city center.D．They used tear gas against the protesters in a Damascus suburb.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：政治类听力原文：Anti-government protesters shouted, jeered and ran for cover after government security forces attacked their protest camp Saturday close to Sana’ a University. The attack, which took place during dawn prayers, caught the mostly young protesters off-guard. Eyewitnesses said that police used live ammunition to try and disperse the crowd, along with tear-gas and batons. The protesters threw rocks and bottles at police to try and stop their advance. Arab satellite channels showed dozens of young anti-government protesters being carried away on stretchers, some with blood pouring from their faces. Others appear to have passed out and laysprawled on the ground. Doctors also reported treating numerous victims of gas-inhalation. Stephen Steinbeiser of the American Institute for Yemeni Studies in Sana’ a says that the attack on the anti-government protesters is causing a backlash among the public and that activity appears to have ground to a halt in many places. The attack on the anti-government protest camp comes two days after President Saleh offered a vast series of political reforms to opposition political leaders and to the protesters. The protest movement is demanding that Mr. Saleh, who has ruled the country since 1978, resign.19．According to Stephen Steinbeiser, the attack on the anti-government protesters______.A．caught the mostly young protesters off-guardB．will lead to a vast series of political reformsC．offered opposition political leaders chancesD．is causing a backlash among the public正确答案：D 涉及知识点：政治类20．Which of the following is NOT used by the police?A．Live ammunition.B．Tear-gas.C．Blocks.D．Batons.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：政治类。
2021年英语专八听力真题和原文答案
2021年英语专八听力真题和原文答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]2021英语专八真题音频.mp3SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, please complete the gap-fulling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammaticallyand semanticallyacceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Current Challenges Confronting U.S. Higher EducationSection B InterviewThis is the end of Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard. Question 6, what did Maureen think about socializing with writers?Question 7, what was Maureen's view about a community for poets?Question 8, why did her sections have concluding stanzas?Question 9, what did Maureen think about her way of poetry reading?Question 10, what is the interview mainly about?This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. Question 1, what is Maureen McLean, according to the interviewer?Question 2, when did Maureen first begin to read poetry?Question 3, who were the most important teachers to Maureen?Question 4, which of the following did Maureen feel more strongly about when she returned to teach at Harvard?Question 5, why did Maureen bring recordings to class?答案解析和原文1、MINI-LECTURE 录音原文Current Challenges Confronting U.S. Higher EducationGood morning, everyone. In our last lecture, we discussed challenges that face universities and colleges worldwide. Today, we'll take a special look at U.S. higher education and see what challenges U.S. higher education is facing. OK, let's get started.The first challenge we are examining in today's lecture is the force of the marketplace on higher education. Many people believe that the marketplace has overtaken state government as the dominant external force, shaping and reshaping American higher education, even for public colleges and universities. You may ask, why is it so? Well, as is always the case, government support is not keeping pace with educational expenditures. So, in many ways the market is having more bearing on higher education than government. In order to create more flexibility, many public colleges and universities are now asking for less government regulation and supervision. In some instances, they are even asking for less state money in return for more autonomy. And, their argument is that the current structures and accountability requirements have hindered their capacity to be effective and efficient. The ability to set their own tuition fees and secure freedom from state policies and regulations in areas, such as purchasing and building, represent just some of the additional autonomy that public institutions are seeking. And many are pressing for new legislation to provide this freedom through a range of innovations, including public corporations, charter colleges, state enterprise status and performance contracts.So, what is the result of these efforts? Well, the result is that activities and research in certain fields and disciplines, for example, engineering, applied natural science and agricultural science become higher institutional priorities because they have stronger market value than other programs such as humanities do. So, what has happened is that institutions create new programs, alter academic calendars and pursue differentfinancial aid policies to capture more and better students, in particular those who can afford to pay high tuition. For instance, executive MBA programs are increasingly popular. Also, institutions seek contracts and partnership agreements and enhance research programs with practical applications that have large financial payouts. In order to do so, they are changing their institutional structures. And how do they do it? Let me tell you, institutions would add new units that focus on generating external grants and bringing new technology to market. They would build conference centers and create for profit subsidiaries. All of these are done to generate more revenue for institutions. What are the implications of this? Well, the implications are that academic research is increasingly focused on marketable knowledge. Entrepreneurial priorities are taking precedence, services are being outsourced, and students are carrying an increasing burden to pay higher tuition fees for their education.Then how do university administrators view this trend? That is, the marketplace is showing stronger impact on how institutions are run. In fact, university administrators see little option except to respond to the marketplace. The reason is if their institution does not react effectively, it will not have the necessary resources to offer high quality and diverse academic programs. Institutions unable to compete may face hard circumstances because government support continues to fall, students become better informed consumers and advances in technology also widen the number and reach of competitors. In turn, the ability to compete for students, resources, faculty and prestige becomes a driving strategic force. At its extreme, competition can overtake more traditional academic values. However, the downside of pursuing market goals without appropriately balancing them against the public good is, is that institutions will no longer be able to fulfill their social responsibility to produce well-educated citizens and face the threat of losing their privileged place in society as they resemble more closely other market driven organizations.Now, let's move on to the second challenge facing U.S. higher education, that is the tension between competition and equality in admissions decisions. Since World War Two, U.S. higher education has been engaged in a process of massification, that is expanding to serve students from all walks of life. Motivating this effort is a widespread belief in the power of education to create social and economic mobility, and a belief in the morality and social value of making higher education accessible to everyone. Research data bear out public perceptions. When young people from low-income backgrounds complete a bachelor's degree. Their income and employment characteristics after graduation are equivalent to their peers from more affluent backgrounds. So, education can truly be the great equalizer.Although there is widespread public faith in the value of higher education, the progress of massification has been slow and uneven. And why is it slow and uneven? Well, one, higher education did not admit significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities until after the civil rights of the 1960s forced change. Second, despite significant expenditures on financial aid, minority and low-income individuals are still less likely to attend college than whites or students from middleand upper-income families. Although access gaps have nowadays narrowed somewhat, large gaps remain between completion rates. Low-income students come to college less prepared and must balance academic demands with work and family responsibilities.Finding ways to increase the enrollment rates of low-income students and encourage their success once enrolled are two of the most important problems facing American higher education. One of the challenges to meet these goals is that they can conflict with the other central tenets of American higher education, that is, market competition and resistance to government control. As I said before, for example, institutional competition for the most academically talented students is likely to encourage increased use of tuition discounting for students who have no financial need. And this could divert resources away from low-income students who need financial aid. Similarly, institutions may seek to distinguish themselves in the academic marketplace by becoming more selective in admissions decisions, thus reducing the number of low-income students admitted. However, a primary role of government is to mediate the potentially negative effects of competition by insisting that institutions adhere to their missions, and that institutions provide need-based financial assistance to students. So, a constant preoccupation of American higher education is this tension between the competitive, ambitious natureof institutions and the interests of government in promoting important public goals, primary among them, broad access and widespread success for all students.OK, for today's lecture, we have briefly discussed some of the major challenges facing U.S. higher education, such as the impact of the marketplace on institutions and the tension between competition and promoting public goals.2、MINI-LECTURE 答案解析1. dominant / prevailing / governing 等解析：美国高等教育所面临的两大挑战之一便是市场的力量。
专业英语八级(听力)-试卷100
专业英语八级（听力）-试卷100(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：6，分数：50.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear themini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Study Activities in University In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.1. essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in thehumanities, e.g. 【T1】 1【T1】 2Benefits: 1) helping to 【T2】 3interesting content in books 【T2】 4and to express understanding2) enabling teachers to know progress and to offer【T3】5【T3】63) 【T4】7students with exam forms 【T4】82. seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contextsBenefits: 1) 【T5】 9enables you to know the effectiveness of 【T5】 10and others' response to your speech immediately2) Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealtwith than in 【T6】 11【T6】 123) The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged3. individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussionFormat: from teacher 【T7】13to flexible conversation 【T7】 14Benefit: encouraging acceptance of 【T8】 15and producing interaction 【T8】 164. lectures: a most 【T9】 17used study activity 【T9】 18Disadvantages: 1) less 【T10】19than discussions or tutorials 【T10】202) more demanding in 【T11】21【T11】22Advantages: 1) providing a general 【T12】23of a subject 【T12】24under discussion2) offering more easily 【T13】25versions of a theory 【T13】263) updating students on 【T14】27developments 【T14】 284) allowing students to follow different 【T15】 29【T15】 30Study Activities in University In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.1. essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in thehumanities, e.g. 【T1】31【T1】32Benefits: 1) helping to 【T2】33interesting content in books 【T2】34and to express understanding2) enabling teachers to know progress and to offer【T3】 35【T3】 363) 【T4】 37students with exam forms 【T4】 382. seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contextsBenefits: 1) 【T5】 39enables you to know the effectiveness of 【T5】40and others' response to your speech immediately2) Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealtwith than in 【T6】 41【T6】 423) The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged3. individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussionFormat: from teacher 【T7】43to flexible conversation 【T7】44Benefit: encouraging acceptance of 【T8】45and producing interaction 【T8】464. lectures: a most 【T9】47used study activity 【T9】48Disadvantages: 1) less 【T10】49than discussions or tutorials 【T10】502) more demanding in 【T11】51【T11】52Advantages: 1) providing a general 【T12】53of a subject 【T12】54under discussion2) offering more easily 【T13】55versions of a theory 【T13】563) updating students on 【T14】57developments 【T14】 584) allowing students to follow different 【T15】 59【T15】 60（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：literature/history/politics）解析：解析：在谈到论文写作时，原文指出“……大学教学工作。
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI. Research Papers and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1) __________:e.g. —choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2) ___________1. research papers: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3) ___________II. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:—to gather (4) ___________—to quote—to (5) _____________The writer should be (6) ___________.2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.—to interpret—to question, etc.b. (7) _________varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to (8) __________.Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topicQuestion No. 2: Availability of relevant information on the chosen topic Question No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to (9) _________Question No. 4: Asking questions about (10) ___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilities. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A. To look into the mental health of old people.B. To explain why people have negative views on old age.C. To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D. To identify the various problems of old age2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay's view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C. We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay's report,A. family love is gradually disappearing.B. it is hard to comment on family feeling.C. more children are indifferent to their parents.D. family love remains as strong as ever.4. Professor McKay is ________ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sickness.B. loose family ties.C. poor mental abilities.D. difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA. eliminate bacteria.B. treat burns.C. Speed up recovery.D. reduce treatment cost.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A. It is featured by high technology.B. It allows you to imitate famous singers.C. It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D. It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. China's Internet users had reached _________ by the end of June.A. 68 millionB. 8.9 millionC. 10 millionD. 1.5 millionQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose _________ last year.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a 5 per cent fall in exports?A. The UK.B. The US.C. Japan.D. Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana." He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty skydarkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas.I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan. 29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance 作者AN K. SMITH, M.D.When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeks ago, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. At 89 and suffering from advanced Alzheimer's disease, Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures. These... ...17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION ofA. removal of throw rugs.B. easy access to devicesC. installation of grab barsD. re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragraphB. The first paragraphC. The last paragraphD. The last but one paragraph19. The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fracturesB. emphasize the importance of health precautionsC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D. identify the causes of hip fractures.TEXT C提示：原文同专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them. "Where! Everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has builtthem in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being."... ...20. The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the _________ perspective.A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnationB. Environmental destructionC. High divorce ratesD. Neglect of history22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to.TEXT D25. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that theyA. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D. tend to be more immoral than women are.26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27. The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels注：O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief." The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性？注：design feature: features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.相关内容请点击查看：胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin.C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.注：John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning. 【改错】The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments' heavily investing in common ___1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the ___2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of ___3 business firms. The rise in tuitions mayreflect the fact economic uncertainty ___4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this isprimarily a factor in ___5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one' s job prospects, ___6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students ___7include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. ___8Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the ___9rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best ___10 customer.PART V TRANSLATION （60 MIN）提示：今年专八翻译部分的选材均出自《散文佳作108篇(汉英•英汉对照)》作者：乔萍翟淑蓉宋洪玮，建议大家熟读此书。
专业8级试题及答案
专业8级试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据所听内容，选择正确的答案。
A. The man is going to the bank.B. The man is going to the post office.C. The man is going to the supermarket.[听力材料：Man: I need to go to the post office to mail this package.]答案：B2. 根据对话内容，判断下列说法是否正确。
A. The woman has already finished her homework.B. The woman is going to do her homework after dinner.C. The woman is doing her homework right now.[听力材料：Woman: I will do my homework after dinner.] 答案：B[听力材料略，共10题]二、阅读理解（共30分）1. 阅读下列短文，回答后面的问题。
[短文内容略]问题：(1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) According to the passage, why did the author decide totravel to the countryside?答案：(1) The main idea of the passage is to describe theauthor's experience and reflections on a trip to the countryside.(2) The author decided to travel to the countryside because they were seeking a change of scenery and a chance to relax.[短文内容及问题略，共3篇文章]三、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 根据句子的语境，选择最合适的词语填空。
英语专八听力原文练习及答案
英语专八听力原文练习及答案英语专八听力原文练习及答案备考英语考试，练习是基础。
为了帮助同学们更好的复习，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专八听力原文练习及答案，希望大家能有所收获!1. According to Dr. Adams, what should wehave as an attainable goal of language learning?A. Speaking as fluently as a nativespeaker.B. Gaining proficiency in a foreignlanguage.C. Learning a language well within amonth.D. Learning words without active use ofthem.2. Which of the following is Dr. Adams'suggestion to tap your learning potential?A. Following what a role model does.B.Learning new words in contexts.C. Knowing your own ways of learning.D.Reciting new vocabularies loudly.3. If you favor reading illustrated books tolearn a language, you are primarilyA. an auditory learner.B. avisual learner.C. a tactile learner.D. an unusual learner.4. When watching movies to learn English, youshould NOTA. turn on the captions for reference.B. watch in the most relaxed possible way.C. pause when encountering newexpressions.D. use an English-English dictionary.5. According to the interview, which of thefollowing helps tobetter understand different accents?A. Following classroom instructions.B.Watching plenty of movies online.C. Breaking down cultural barriers.D. Backpacking around the world.6.According to Magdalena Alvarez, at least survivors died hours after the accident.A. 19B. 26C. 6D. 1537. Whichof the following statements about the crash is TRUE?A. The number of casualties was 153 onWednesday.B. There accident killed 172 passengers onboard.C. The crash took place when the plane waslanding.D. The crash was caused probably by theengine fire.8.According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Humphrey Lyttelton is known to the radiolisteners as a weather broadcaster.B. Humphrey Lyttelton sought his fame as aguitar player and band leader in the 1940s.C. Humphrey Lyttelton produced his firstBritish jazz record which entered the top 20.D. Humphrey Lyttelton continued recordingand touting with his band until 1970s.9. Morethan two hundred years ago, the bagpipes were prohibited asA. noisy nuisances.B. arms involved in wars.C. anti-social pipes.D. national instruments.10.According m the news, UEFAA. could not agree with Sir Blatter, thepresident of FIFA.B. insisted on restricting the number offoreign players.C. attributed the success of English teamsto foreign players.D. proposed a limit of five foreign playersin each team.英语专八高分的听力技巧英语专业八级考试以其特定的考试人群，高级别的难度、有限的通过率和国内本科时代“终极”英文等级证书的名号而使其具备相当的稀缺性和辨识度。
专八标准听力1000题-Model Test 08【声音字幕同步PPT】
and put together for your interview. If you have to go to your interview straight from class with your backpack, a nice outfit will balance that out.
While listete the gap-filling task on
ANSWER SHEET ONE
and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.
Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically
when youre in college. especially when you are balancing classes,
schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and your social life.
It can be tricky even finding time
to ask your professor if you can leave a few minutes early in order
to get to your interview on time. Although its important
to give yourself enough travel time,
专八标准听力1000题-Model Test 08
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS -GRADE EIGHT-
MODEL TEST EIGHT PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
专八标准听力1000题-Model Test 02【声音字幕同步PPT】
and muddy thinking can only result in muddy writing.
As simple as that. Writing is a thinking process;
it is not making a big deal out of nothing. Good writing should be substantive, really
having things to say. Not only having things to say,
but also having insightful things to say about the topic.
This concept is particularly important for you non-native speakers of English.
Good Writing
What is good writing? Indeed, even different individuals may
have different standards, tastes and expectations. However, as far as English is concerned, a set of basic characteristics, which is believed to be present in all good
While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task
on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for
2013~2014年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.What Do Active Learners Do?There are differences between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with (1) _____ (1) _____A. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (2) _____ (2) _____ II. (3) _____ and critical in thinking (3) _____i.e. information processing, e. g.—connections between the known and the new information—identification of (4) ______ concepts (4) _____—judgment on the value of (5) _____ (5) _____ III. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (6) _____ (6) _____B. before note-taking: listening and (7) _____ (7) _____ IV. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (8) _____ (8) _____B. reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to (9) _____ (9) _____A. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (10) _____ (10) _____ VI. last characteristicA. attitude toward (11) _____ (11) _____—active learners: accept—passive learners: (12) _____ (12) _____B. attitude toward (13) _____ (13) _____—active learners: evaluate and change behavior—passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will:I. Skill means the tools to handle the studying and learning demands;II. Will means the (14) _____ to follow through; (14) _____ III. Will is more important in (15) _____; (15) _____ IV. Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.【答案与解析】(1) purpose(细节题。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷150(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷150(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Be Effective Readers? Good morning, in today’s lecture, we’ll discuss how to be effective readers. I’d like to spend some time discussing with you the following topics: What is reading? How can we read effectively? And what are the types and skills of reading? First of all, I’d say,(1)reading is a method of absorbing written information. It mainly contains two aspects: the degree of comprehension and the reading speed.(2)Our reading ability is closely related to our vocabulary, cultural background knowledge and reading techniques. However, we vary widely in every significant aspect—intelligence, language skills, interest, etc. So we are supposed to recognize our individual differences and work hard to be effective readers. In my opinion, there are many things that we could do. Firstly, we should develop a love of reading by making reading a regular and enjoyable activity. If so, we will be keen on reading and keeping reading everyday. In this way, we will get different information from reading.(3)Secondly, we should have a clear purpose in reading.(4)And we should know why we need to improve our reading speed and use different strategies for different reading tasks. Thirdly, developing good reading habits is quite important.(5)We should concentrate on the important parts, skim the rest, and skip the insignificant parts. Sometimes we should read silently rather than read aloud. The second point I’d like to make is about the types of reading. Many books, papers and dissertations have been written about various types of reading, as well as methods of teaching reading. We will not go into details but will briefly revise basic types of reading. In academic environment, there are two basic types of reading: intensive and extensive. Let us briefly look at them separately. What is intensive reading?(6)Intensive reading is reading carefully for an exact understanding of text. In practical life, acquired intensive reading skills are used for comprehension of contracts, business letters, memorandums, application forms and legal documents.(7)Intensive reading equips us with basic reading strategies to enable us to achieve fluency and competence in the areas of vocabulary recognition and to develop critical thinking skills. The objectives of intensive reading courses are usually achieved through the following activities, such as, distinguishing a variety of texttypes and genres, guessing and predicting the content of a text, interacting with a variety of texts for different purposes, and so on. Then what is extensive reading?(8)Extensive reading is reading a lot for pleasure at a fairly easy level with emphasis on general understanding so that whatever is read is comprehended without the use of a dictionary.(9)Extensive reading increases language proficiency, especially reading level and speed.(10)Extensive reading encourages us to take charge of our own reading development and produce independent readers who value reading as a life-long pursuit. Also it develops the habit of reading not just for information or to perform certain tasks but also for pleasure. The objectives of extensive reading are usually achieved through establishing personally relevant reading goals, comparing a variety of question types and narrations, maintaining a record with details of reading accomplished each week, and so on. To be specific, while reading intensively or extensively, we should notice a balance—a balance to be struck between real reading materials on the one hand and our levels and interests on the other. There is some authentic written material which beginners can understand to some degree: menus, timetables, signs and basic instructions. But for intermediate and advanced readers, many original or abridged books and books via the Internet can be offered. Anyway, the materials to be read should be interesting and meaningful. Thirdly, I’d like to say, generally speaking, reading programs for different levels of readers have different focuses and emphasize specific reading skills.(11)Programs for beginners generally focus on developing a basic reading vocabulary, decoding skills and reading for meaning.(12)Programs for intermediate or advanced readers are shifted to expanding vocabulary, refining comprehension skills and mastering skills. In order to make reading more efficient, it is necessary for us to know some reading strategic skills. Skimming and scanning are two specific reading strategic skills for quick and efficient reading.(13)The purpose of skimming is to find the main idea of the passage. Readers often do skimming when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time.(14)When skimming, readers only try to locate specific information and they often do not even follow the development of the story. Scanning is another technique readers often use when looking up a word in a telephone book or dictionary to(15)search for key words or ideas. Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page to seek specific words and phrases. Based on this, I will introduce to you three strategies which may help you to conduct effective reading. First, make sure the books are specific to your age and reading levels. Second, find some background information which relates to the book before reading. Third, leave plenty of time for reflection and let yourself be free to develop imagination at the end of the reading. OK, today we had a brief look at the ways of how to be effective readers, and the types and skills of reading as well. Undoubtedly, reading is always beneficial.I hope you’ll enjoy reading and keep reading after today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention.How to Be Effective Readers?I. Introduction of reading and how to be effective readersA. Introduction of readingA method of absorbing【T1】______【T1】______—comprehension—reading speedFactors influencing our reading ability:—vocabulary—cultural background knowledge-【T2】______【T2】______B.How to be effective readers Developing a love of reading:—making reading a regular and enjoyable activityHaving a clear【T3】______in reading:【T3】______—why improve the reading speed—different strategies for【T4】______【T4】______Developing good reading habits:—concentrating on the important parts-【T5】______【T5】______—skipping the insignificant partsII. The types of readingA. Intensive reading:—reading carefully for a(n)【T6】______of text【T6】______Benefits:—achieving fluency and competence in【T7】______【T7】______—developing critical thinking skillsB. Extensive reading:—reading a lot for pleasure with emphasis on 【T8】______【T8】______Benefits:—increasing【T9】______, especially reading level and speed【T9】______—promoting our own reading development—encouraging us to be【T10】______readers【T10】______—developing the habit of reading for pleasure III. The skills of effective reading A. Skill focuses for different levels of readersPrograms for beginners:—developing a basic reading vocabulary-【T11】______skills【T11】______—reading for meaningPrograms for intermediate or advanced readers:—expanding vocabulary—【T12】______comprehension skills 【T12】______—mastering skills B. Skills for quick and efficient reading Skimming: —finding the【T13】______of the passage【T13】______—only trying to locate【T14】______【T14】______Scanning:—searching for【T15】______or ideas【T15】______—moving your eyes quickly down the page1．【T1】正确答案：written information解析：本题考查重要细节。
(朱晓慧教授编著,北京大学出版社)英语专业八级词汇专项自测题1000题(1)
英语专业八级词汇专项自测题十套（1000题）By朱晓慧（北大出版社）Edited by Adam Brown Shenstone声明因朱晓慧教授编著、王逢鑫教授审定，北京大学出版社出版的《英语专业八级阅读与词汇》一书已绝版近5年，而10000索取此书附录《英语专业八级词汇专项自测题十套（100题）》的读者甚多，本人制作了此书附录自测题的电子版，供广大读者使用。
请读者尊重国家版权法规定，下载后勿用于商业目的，仅供学习之用，且不使用本电子版文件制作替他一切形式的出版物，本人概不负责所产生的后果！20011《英语专业八级词汇专项自测题十套（1000题）》于200年出版后在英语学习者中产生了重要影响，对于参加托福、雅思、GRE以及英语专业八级、英语语言文学专业、外国语言学与应用语言学专业硕士研究生入学考试的读者有极大帮助。
2005年某著名出版社出版的某著名品牌的词汇记忆书大量剽窃此自测题中朱教授的原创题，由此可见自测题受欢迎程度。
八级词汇专项自测题十套（1000题）通过上述“代前言”和前四章的学习，我们已初步弄清了如下五个问题：1．“自然英语”是一种客观存在，是本书作者多年研习英语词汇和阅读的一种发现和归纳，它的核心就是对英语学习的观念、材料和方法进行客观描述，而不去主观规定，一切顺其自然。
2．本书的选词为什么要借鉴当今英语国家权威的英语词典，又参考适应中国各级英语考试“国情”的相关词表呢？对此，我们在第一章中，对八级选词的理据和来源做了若干讨论和说明，权当回答上述问题，让大家都成为明白人。
3．第二章分析、列举、测试了英语专业八级词汇与几种中美主要考试级别的词汇，不仅使读者高屋建瓴地俯瞰各级词汇的源头、流向、分枝的景况，也让读者“试上一把”，从而知道各级词汇的难度。
不仅如此，本章提供的相关论据和材料，对读者的整体复习，也能助上一臂之力。
4．本书在第三章中，首先把英语专业四级词汇和八级词汇在权威样题（主要是阅读题）中的情况做些说明，接着附录英语专业四级和八级全真阅读原题，以便读者真切感受各级词汇在其中发挥的作用。
英语专业八级过关必做1000题(汉译英过关必做30篇)【圣才出品】
第4章汉译英过关必做30篇◆文学作品类Test 1它不像汉白玉那样的细腻，可以刻字雕花，也不像大青石那样的光滑，可以浣纱捶布。
它静静地卧在那里，院里的树荫没有庇覆它，花儿也不再在它身边生长。
荒草便繁衍出来，枝蔓上下，慢慢地，竟锈上了绿苔、黑斑。
我们这些做孩子的，也讨厌起它来，曾合伙要搬走它，但力气又不足；虽时时咒骂它，嫌弃它，也无可奈何，只好任它留在那里去了。
【参考译文】It was not like a fine piece of white marble, which could be carved with words or flowers, nor like a smooth big bluish stone that people used to wash their clothes on. The stone just lay there in silence, enjoying no shading from the trees in the yard, and having no more flowers growing around it. As a result, weeds multiplied and their stems and tendrils stretched all over it, and gradually it was even covered with dark green spots or moss. We children began to dislike the stone too, and would have taken it away if we had been strong enough. However, all we could do for the time was to leave it alone, despite our disgust or even curses.【翻译要点】(1) 第一句中，通过连词nor将句中两个分别修饰“汉白玉”和“大青石”的定语从句连接起来，译文将四个汉语分句处理为一个英语长句，符合汉语的用语习惯。
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第1章听力理解过关必做200题◆讲座Mini-lecture 1Marslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which is in fact a (1) topic and can be arranged in order of importance.I. Physiological needs: the most (2) ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc.To satisfy these needs,the main way is through adequate (3)II.(4) needs: needs fora) physical security;b) (5) security.The former means no illness or injury;The latter is concerned with freedom from (6) , misfortunes, etc.These needs can be met through a variety of meanse. g. job security, (7) plans, and safe working conditions.III.Social needs: human requirements fora) love and affection;b) a sense of (8)There are two ways to satisfy these needs:a) formation of relationships at workplace or some (9)b) formation of relationships outside workplace, e.g. with (10)IV. Esteem needs:a) self-esteem, i. e. one’s sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result of one’s(11)These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.V. Sell-realization needs:need to realize one’s potential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (12)VI. Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively (13) need.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (14) for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (15) when they come into play.【录音原文】Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslo w’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a physiological topic. [1]Actually it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he is especially known for his theory of human needs.OK, first of all, what is the need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believes that humans are wanting beings, who seek to fulfill avariety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. [2]In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level，are physiological needs Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter and sleep. At this level for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied?[3]It is mainly through adequate wages.Then what is the next level of needs? [4]At the next level are safety needs, [5]the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then what is emotional security? Well, that may be the point in this hierarchy of needs, where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. [6]We have worries—what we fear may be losing a job, or being struck down by a severe disease. Besides physical Security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in a foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, [7]safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans and safe working conditions.[13]After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediate following level are the social needs. Under this category, [8]Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and the sense of belonging. We need to be loved, we need to belong to a group not just the family in which we can sharewith others in common interest. In Maslow’s view, [9]this need can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. [10]Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the work place, for example, with family and friends. Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the needs of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful; we are no worse if no better than others. [11]The esteem of people is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, by or through our work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements, promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards and other forms of recognition.What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not, perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. [12]The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual.For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. While for other people, it could be becoming the best in certain areas. It could be becoming the president of IBM, anyway, being great or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual. Maslow suggested that people work to satisfytheir physiological needs first, then their safety needs and so on up the needs ladder. [14]In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. [15]However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that p erson will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain Unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.OK, that’s the general picture of Maslo w’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I briefly introduce to you Maslow’s theory. Maslo w thinks there are five kinds of human needs with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you find his ideas interesting and in our next lecture, we will mainly discuss the practical implications of his theory.【答案与解析】(1) psychological细节题。