集合名词 collective nouns

• 集体名词通常只以单数形式出现，但这种 单数形式有的可作复数用。集体名词在句 中作单数用还是作复数用应根据不同情况 而定。
英语集合名词用法分类
• Type 1 • 形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复
数这类集合名词包括： • family (家庭）
• Crew, government, couple,
等他。 • This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学
生组成。 • This class are reading English now. 这个班的学
生在读英语。
• The audience is requested to remain seated during intermission.
• The vast majority of the students needs increased financial support.
• The majority realize that they have no more power than the smallest minorities.
• The thief stole all her jewelry. • 小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了。
• The hospital源自文库has no decent equipment.
• 这家医院没有像样的设备。
• The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry.
• The audience have taken seats.
• A married young couple is treated differently than husband or wife is treated alone.
• The young couple were unhappy with the apartment they rented.
• People will laugh at you. • The police are looking for him. • Many cattle were killed for this. • The militia were called out to guard the
borderland. • Poultry are dear in the city. • These vermin do a lot of harm to poultry. • 注：表示牲畜的头数，用单位词 head(单复数同
suspenders, etc.
• 4. 以-ings结尾的名词，常用复数，但也有 例外
• belongs, bookings, surroundings, sweepings（垃圾）, takings (收入）， clipping （剪下物）,findings
• The findings of the court have now been made public.
• What are his politics( =political views)?
• 2. 以 –s 结尾的疾病名称，一般用单数 • Phlebitis(静脉炎） is inflammation of the
veins. • Shingles（带状疱疹） is serious; how long
• 2. mankind (人类) 人类是一个不可数的集合名词，不用复数 形式，也不连用冠词。如：
• This is an invention that benefits mankind.
• Mankind has its own problems. • 注：mankind 表示“mankind 人(类)”时，
• 5. 以-s结尾的专有名词，常作单数用 • The United States is in the Western
Hemisphere.
• When was the United Nations established? • The New York Times is published daily. • General Motors （通用汽车公司）
• 人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。
• 注：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等 相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。
• 如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗 many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器
某些带有集体意义的专有名词
• 某些球队，俱乐部，航空公司，企业等带 有集体意义的专有名称，通常作复数用， 在现代英语中较常见。
• England (英格兰队） have lost all their football matches this season.
• Scotland (苏格兰队） are playing France in a football match next week.
• If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果货物质量不好，则理应 向制造商提出控诉。
• Type 4 形式为单数，意义也为单数这类集合名词 包括
• baggage / luggage(行李), • clothing(衣服), • furniture(家具), • machinery(机器), • poetry(诗), • scenery (风景), • Jewelry (珠宝), • equipment(设备)等,
• majority, public • team (队)， • class (班)， • audience (听众)等
英语集合名词用法分类
• 其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若 考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。
• 比较并体会： • His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。 • His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在
• 但是，当要表示种类时，它可视为可数名 词，即a fruit 指一种水果，fruits 指多种水 果。比较：
• Some fruits have thick skins. • 有些水果皮很厚。
• The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. • 土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水果。
has he got it?
• Diabetes is a common disease.
• Indeed, they say, AIDS is spread primarily by carriers who are ill.
• Arthritis is a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.
某些以-s结尾的名词的数
• 英语中有些以-s结尾的名词，有的作单数， 有的作复数，情况比较复杂。
• 1. 以-ics 结尾的名词 表“学科”时作单数 • Linguistics informatics mathematics
• Physics plastics politics statistics
虽不可数，但有时却可以表示复数意义， 尤其是当其表语是复数时。如：
• Mankind are intelligent animals. • 人是理智的动物。
• 3. fruit(水果) 作为集合名词，它通常是不可数的。如： He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。 He is growing fruit in the country.
• The two companies are United Biscuits and Imperial. United Biscuits are frontrunners in the food market and expanding fast. Imperial are leaders in the food and tobacco market.
• The British Airways (英国航空公司）are being modernized.
• The B.B.C（英国广播公司） have broadcast a message in which they have asked a certain Mr Green to go to the Overhill Hospital when doctors are treating his wife after a severe stroke.
collective nouns
• 集合名词(也叫集体名词）是指一群...,是可 数的，但不能叫可数名词，因为集合名词 只有复数没有单数，也就是集合名词前不 能用a或one，但可用two或大于two的数词。
• 英语中，可数名词，不可数名词，集合名 词，是并列的关系 .
• three people (正确） • a people (错误）
形)。如：five head of cattle 5头牛，fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛
• Type 3 形式为复数，意义也为复数这类集合名词包括 goods (货物),
• clothes (衣服)等， • 其用法特点是：只有复数形式, 当然也表示复数意
义，用作主语时谓语也用复数，但通常不与数词 连用。 • Eg.：Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣 服在雨季不易干。 • Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很 贵。
• Linguistics has developed rapidly in modern times.
• Politics is the art or science of government.
• 表“学科”以外的其他解释时，通常作复 数，有时也用作单数。
• My mathematics（运算能力） are/ is rather shaky.
• 3. 有两部分构成的物体名称，通常用复数
• Eg. calipers （两脚规）, compasses, flares（喇叭裤）, forceps, glasses, jeans, pants, pincers, pliers（钳子）, scales, scissors, shades（太阳镜）, shorts,
• Type 2 形式为单数，但意义永远为复数这类集合 名词包括
• cattle (牛，牲畜) • poultry （家禽） • vermin (害鼠，害鸟 如:鼠，狐，猫头鹰） • people (人)， • militia (民兵，国民自卫队） • police(警察)等
• 其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义， 用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与 the连用(连用)。如：
some special collective nouns
• 1. hair (头发，毛发) 指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指 几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。
• 如：My hair has grown very long. • 我的头发已长得很长了。 • The police found two hairs there. • 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。
• 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数 形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)， 没有复数形式。如：
• Our clothing protects us from (against) the cold.
• 我们的衣服可以御寒。
• Have you checked all your baggage? • 你所有的行李都托运了吗?