兹维博迪金融学第二版精彩试题库5TB
博迪《金融学》第2版名校考研真题[视频讲解](单选题)【圣才出品】
【圣才出品】](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/094c3ea002020740bf1e9b0a.png)
博迪《金融学》第2版名校考研真题【视频讲解】一、单选题1．以下货币制度中会发生劣币驱逐良币现象的是（）。
[中央财大2011金融硕士] A．金银双本位B．金银平行本位C．金币本位D．金汇兑本位【答案】A【解析】金银双本位制下金、银两种金属同时被法律承认为货币金属，金、银铸币都可自由铸造，都有无限的法定支付能力。
当金银铸币各按其本身所包含的价值并行流通时，市场上的商品就出现了金银两重价格，而这两重价格随金银市场比价的不断变动而变动。
为了克服由此造成的紊乱，很多国家用法律规定了金币与银币的比价。
但金银市场比价并不会由于法定比例的确定而不再发生变化。
于是法定比价和市场比价之间可能会出现差异，价值被高估的货币渐渐被贮藏，而劣币充斥市场。
金银平行本位是金银两种本位币按其所含金属的实际价值流通，国家对两种货币的交换不加规定，而由市场上的金银的实际比价自由确定金币和银币比价的货币制度。
在金本位制下，每单位的货币价值等同于若干重量的黄金（即货币含金量）；当不同国家使用金本位时，国家之间的汇率由它们各自货币的含金量之比——铸币平价（Mint Parity）来决定。
金汇兑本位制（Gold Exchange Standard）又称“虚金本位制”，该国货币一般与另一个实行金本位制或金块本位制国家的货币保持固定的比价，并在后者存放外汇或黄金作为平准基金，从而间接实行了金本位制。
实际上，它是一种带有附属性质的货币制度。
当然，无论金块本位制或金汇兑本位制，都是削弱了的金本位制，很不稳定。
而这种脆弱的制度经过1929年～1933年的世界经济危机，终于全部瓦解。
2．面值为100元的永久性债券票面利率是10%，当市场利率为8%时，该债券的理论市场价格应该是（）元。
[中央财大2011金融硕士]A．100B．125C．110D．1375【答案】B 【解析】该债券的理论市场价格应该是（元）125%8%10100=⨯==m r C P 。
3．实际利率为3%，预期通货膨胀率为6%，则名义利率水平应该近似地等于（）。
兹维博迪金融学第二版精彩试题库5TB
兹维博迪金融学第二版精彩试题库5TBChapter FiveHousehold Savings and Investment DecisionsThis chapter contains 28 multiple choice questions, 10 short problems, and 9 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.Getting a professional degree can be evaluated as ________.a) a social security decisionb)an investment in human capitalc)an investment in a consumer durabled) a tax exempt decisionAnswer: (b)2.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and invest $10,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (c)3.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and have $10,000 to invest. If you invest this in an ordinary savings plan instead of a tax deferred retirement plan, what amount will you have accumulated at retirement?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (a)4.When your tax rate remains unchanged, the benefit of tax deferral can be summarized in ther ule, “deferral earns you ________.”a)the after-tax rate of return before taxb)the pretax rate of return after taxc)the after-tax rate of return after taxd)the pretax rate of return before taxAnswer: (b)5.From an economic perspective, professional training should be undertaken if the ________exceeds the ________.a)future value of the benefit; present value of the costsb)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsc)future value of the benefits; future value of the costsd)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsAnswer: (d)6.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 30% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 6%.You are 35 years before your retirement date and $2,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$7,532b)$10,760c)$12,298d)$15,372Answer: (b)7.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s human capital?a)$31,797b)$35,c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (c)8.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s permanent income?a)$31,797b)$35,c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (b)9.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’s human capital?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,Answer: (b)10.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’spermanent income?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,Answer: (d)11.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year, and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. If the real after-taxrate is 2.52%, should you rent or buy?a)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $476,190b)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $309,524c)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $442,d)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $371,429Answer: (d)12.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real after-tax rate is 2.52%. What is the break-even rent?a)$6,b)$9,360c)$10,128d)$12,302Answer: (b)13.As one gets older, the ________ declines, so ________ falls steadily until it reaches zero atage 65.a)future value of remaining labor income; human capitalb)future value of remaining labor income; initial wealthc)present value of remaining labor income; human capitald)present value of initial wealth; optimizationAnswer: (c)14.Any lifetime consumption spending plan that satisfies your budget constraint is:a)an optimal modelb) a feasible planc) a model benefitd) a target replacementAnswer: (b)15.There is an advantage to tax deferred retirement savings plans for those ________ when themoney is withdrawn.a)who will be in a lower tax bracketb)who will be in the same tax bracketc)both (a) and (b)d)neither (a) nor (b)Answer: (c)16.In the United States, individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are called ________ rather than________ because any amounts withdrawn from the plan are taxed at the time of withdrawal.a)tax advantaged; tax deferredb)tax deferred; tax exemptc)tax advantaged; tax loopholesd)tax exempt; tax deferredAnswer: (b)17.The present value of one’s future labor income is called ________ and the constant level ofconsumption spending that has a present value equal to one’s human capital is cal led________.a)human income; taxable incomeb)human capital; permanent incomec)permanent capital; taxable incomed)permanent income; human capitalAnswer: (b)18.The ________ the interest rate, the ________ the value of human capital, but the higher thelevel of permanent income.a)lower; lowerb)higher; lowerc)higher; higherd)lower; higherAnswer: (b)19.The ________ states that the present value of one’s lifetime consumption spending andbequests equals t he present value of one’s initial wealth and future labor income.a)consumption budget constraintb)spending constraintc)intertemporal budget constraintd)income and spending constraintAnswer: (c)20.According to the text, many experts recommend that in making a savings plan one should aimfor a replacement rate of ________ of pre-retirement income.a)100%b)25%c)50%d)75%Answer: (d)21.Economic costs that are said to be explicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)foregone rentc)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)22.Economic costs that are said to be implicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)administrative fees while undertaking a professional degreec)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (c)。
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(期权市场与或有索取权市场)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第15章期权市场与或有索取权市场一、概念题1．欧式期权（华南理工大学2011金融硕士）答：按照买方执行期权时对行权时间规定的不同，可以将期权分为美式期权和欧式期权。
其中，欧式期权是指买入期权的一方必须在期权到期日当天才能行使的期权。
期权买方在期权合约到期日之前不能行使权利，在到期日之后期权作废，买方权利随之消失。
欧式期权合约给持有者较小的行使期权选择的机会，缺乏灵活性，因而期权费也相对较低。
2．金融期权（东南大学2012金融硕士；东北师范大学2005研；人大2001研；武汉理工大学2006研）答：金融期权是期权交易中，买卖双方参与交易时签订的合同，规定了买卖双方并不对称的权利和义务。
一般根据合约规定，合约卖方在买方执行期权时，有义务必须履行合约规定，具有强制性，而合约买方有权利选择是否执行、转售、放弃期权，不具有强制性，但为了取得这一权利，买方需要支付一定的期权费。
期权合约的内容主要包括：（1）期权的类型，即选择美式期权还是欧式期权，确定在到期日前能不能交割；（2）交易的金融资产或商品的种类、数量，种类包括股票、国债、商品和指数等等；（3）保证金比率的规定，一般只需卖方缴纳；（4）期权的期限和到期日，期权合约的有效期限一般为3个月，到期日为该月的第三个星期六；（5）协定价格与期权费。
此外，期权合约还涉及交易时间、交易方法、货币选择、结算、价格波动幅度等方面的内容。
3．看涨期权与看跌期权（东北财大2006研；人行1995研）答：根据买卖行为的不同，期权可分为看涨期权和看跌期权。
看涨期权，又称“买方期权”、“买权”、“敲进”，它赋予买方一种权利，在期权合约到期日或有效期间内可以按照执行价格买进一定数量标的物。
当人们预测标的物市场价格有上涨趋势时，购买这种期权，若该金融资产或商品市场价格超过协定价格，买方会行使期权，以协定价格买入合约标的物，再以市场价格卖出，当差价超过期权费，买方获利。
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(居民户的储蓄和投资决策)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策一、概念题１．持久收入假说（武汉大学2002研；南开大学2008研）答：持久收入假说由美国经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼（M．Friedman）提出，认为消费者的消费支出主要不是由他的现期收入决定，而是由他的永久收入决定。
所谓永久收入是指消费者可以预计到的长期收入。
永久收入大致可以根据观察到的若干年收入的数值之加权平均数计得，距现在的时间越近，权数越大；反之，则越小。
根据这种理论，政府想通过增减税收来影响总需求的政策是不能奏效的，因为人们减税而增加的收入，并不会立即用来增加消费。
与生命周期假说不同的是，持久收入假说偏重于个人如何预测自己未来收入问题。
持久收入假说认为：（1）消费不只同现期收入相联系，而是以一生或永久的收入作为消费决策的依据。
（2）一次性暂时收入变化引起的消费支出变动甚小，即其边际消费倾向很低，甚至近于零，但来自永久收入变动的消费倾向很大，甚至接近于1。
（3）当政府想用税收政策影响消费时，如果减税或增税只是临时性的，则消费者并不会受到很大影响，只有永久性税收变动，政策才会有明显效果。
2．跨期预算约束与最优消费选择费雪认为，人们在消费时会受到一些限制，这些约束包括：预算约束（即人们可以为自己进行消费所支出的数额大小）和跨期预算约束（即人们可以为自己在当前消费和未来消费所支付的数额大小）。
假定消费者的一生可以分为两个时期：第一个时期是青年时期，第二个时期是老年时期。
用1y 和1c 分别表示消费者在第一个时期的收入和消费，用2y 和2c 分别表示消费者在第二个时期的收入和消费。
再假定消费者有机会进行借贷或储蓄，因此他在任何一个时期的消费都可以大于或小于那一时期的收入。
第一个时期的储蓄或借贷：11s y c =-（0s >表示储蓄，0s <表示借贷），第二个时期的消费：()221c r s y =++，其中r 为实际利率。
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(投资组合机会和选择)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第12章投资组合机会和选择一、概念题1．有效组合（efficient portfolio）（中央财大2012金融硕士；上海财大2000研）答：有效组合指在期望收益率一定时其风险（即标准差）最低的证券组合，或者指在风险一定时其期望收益率最高的证券组合。
有效边界上的点对应的证券组合也称为有效组合。
图12-1有效边界具体来讲，在所有可行的投资组合中，如果证券组合的特征由期望收益率和收益率方差来表示，则投资者需要在E-δ坐标系中的可行域中寻找最好的点，但不可能在可行域中找到一点被所有投资者都认为是最好的。
按照投资者的共同偏好规则，可以排除那些被所有投资者都认为差的组合，排除后余下的这些组合就是有效证券组合。
根据有效组合的定义，有效组合不止一个，描绘在可行域的图形中，如图粗实线部分它是可行域的上边界部分，也即有效边界ABC曲线段（图12-1）。
对于可行域内部及下边界上的任意可行组合，均可以在有效边界上找到一个有效组合比它好。
但有效边界上的不同组合，比如B和C，按共同偏好规则不能区分好差。
因而有效组合相当于有可能被某位投资者选作最佳组合的候选组合，不同投资者可以在有效边界上获得任一位置。
作为一个理性投资者，且厌恶风险，则他不会选择有效边界以外的点。
此外，A点是一个特殊的位置，它是上边界和下边界的交汇点，这一点所代表的组合在所有可行组合中方差最小，因而被称作最小方差组合。
2．市场证券组合（market portfolio）（上海财大2002研）答：市场证券组合指个人或机构投资者所持有的各种与整个资本市场的构成完全相同的有价证券组合的总称，通常包括各种类型的债券、股票及存款单等。
证券组合的分类通常以组合的投资目标为标准。
证券组合按不同标准可以分为避税型、收入型、增长型、收入和增长混合型、货币市场型、国际型及指数化型等。
投资者构建证券组合的原因主要有：①降低风险。
资产组合理论证明，证券组合的风险随着组合所包含证券数量的增加而降低，资产间关联性极低的多元化证券组合可以有效地降低非系统风险。
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(金融学)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第1章金融学一、概念题1．金融学（finance）答：金融学是一项针对人们怎样跨期配置稀缺资源的研究。
其主要研究货币领域的理论及货币资本资源的配置与选择、货币与经济的关系及货币对经济的影响、现代银行体系的理论和经营活动的经济学科，是当代经济学的一个相对独立而又极为重要的分支。
金融学所涵盖的内容极为丰富，诸如货币原理、货币信用与利息原理、金融市场与银行体系、储蓄与投资、保险、信托、证券交易、货币理论、货币政策、汇率及国际金融等。
2．金融体系（financial system）答：金融体系是金融市场以及其他金融机构的集合，这些集合被用于金融合同的订立以及资产和风险的交换。
金融体系是由连接资金盈余者和资金短缺者的一系列金融中介机构和金融市场共同构成的一个有机体，包括股票、债券和其他金融工具的市场、金融中介（如银行和保险公司）、金融服务公司（如金融咨询公司）以及监控管理所有这些单位的管理机构等。
研究金融体系如何发展演变是金融学科的重要方面。
3．资产（assets）答：资产是指个人、公司或者组织拥有的具有商业或交换价值的任何物品，它能在未来产生经济利益，资产有三个非常重要的特征：①能在未来产生经济利益；②由实体控制；③由过去发生的事项或交易产生。
在国民账户体系中，资产是指经济资产，即所有者能对其行使所有权，并在持有或使用期间可以从中获得经济利益的资源或实体。
资产可分为金融资产和非金融资产两大类。
金融资产是指以价值形态或以金融工具形式存在的资产，它包括金融债权以及货币黄金和特别提款权。
非金融资产是指非金融性的资产，它包括生产资产和非生产资产。
在企业财务会计中，资产是指由过去的交易和事项所形成的，并由企业拥有或控制，预期会给企业带来经济利益的资源。
按流动性可分为流动资产和非流动资产两大类。
流动资产是指企业可以在一年或超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或者耗用的资产。
非流动资产是指不能在一年或者超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或耗用的资产。
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(管理财务健康状况和业绩)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第3章管理财务健康状况和业绩一、概念题1．账面价值（book values）答：账面价值是指会计账面所表现的资产价值，分为资产的账面价值和公司的账面价值。
资产的账面价值是指公司的资产在会计账簿上表现的价值，即原来购进资产的价值（资产的成本）减去折旧。
在固定资产购置当期，资产的账面价值等于当期市场价值加上运输、安装、调试等费用。
在固定资产正式投产营运后，每一会计期间都会对该资产计提折旧。
资产的账面价值会随着累计折旧的增加而减少，直到该资产报废时其账面价值仅剩残值，进而转销该资产。
公司的账面价值，是指公司资产负债表上所列示的资产总额减去负债、优先股之后的差额。
账面价值以历史成本为基础，它与一项资产或一个公司的市场价值关系不大。
2．无形资产（intangible assets）答：无形资产是指企业为生产商品、提供劳务、出租给他人，或为管理目的而持有的、没有实物形态的非货币性长期资产，如专利权、商标权、著作权、土地使用权、非专利技术、专营权、商誉等。
无形资产的特征有：①不具有实物形态；②可以在一个以上会计期间为企业提供经济利益；③有偿取得；④提供的未来经济利益具有很大的不确定性；⑤用于生产商品或提供劳务、出租给他人或为了行政管理目的而持有。
无形资产按形成来源不同可分为购入的、自创的、投资者投入的、接受捐赠的无形资产等；按能否辨认可分为可辨认无形资产和不可辨认无形资产。
无形资产只有在该资产产生的经济利益很可能流入企业、该资产的成本能够可靠地计量时，企业才能加以确认。
3．商誉（goodwill）答：商誉是指企业在经营活动中所具有的优越获利能力的潜在经济价值，是一种不可辨认的无形资产。
商誉由企业的良好信誉、产品的较高质量和市场占有率、可靠的销售网络、有效的内部管理、先进的技术、优越的地理位置等因素形成。
其特征是：①商誉与企业整体相关，不能单独存在；②形成商誉的因素无法单独计值；③商誉与形成商誉过程中所发生的成本无关，它是一种获得超额收益的能力。
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(管理财务健康状况和业绩)【圣才出品】
5．净营运资本的变动额（change in net working capital） 答：净营运资本等于流动资产减去流动负债，净营运资本变动额是指企业投资于净营运 资本的部分，即本期与上一期相比净营运资本变动的数额。假设美国联合公司 2011 年的净 营运资本是 27500 万美元，2010 年的净营运资本是 25200 万美元。则 2011 年的净营运 资本变动额是 2011 年和 2010 年净营运资本的差额，即 27500 万美元－25200 万美元＝ 2300 万美元。一个成长性企业的净营运资本变动额通常是正数。
8．企业总现金流量（total cash flow of the firm） 答：企业总现金流量是指经过资本性支出和净营运资本支出调整后的现金流量，即： 企业总现金流量＝经营性现金流量－资本性支出－净营运资本的增加 其中经营性现金流量指由经营活动引起的现金流；用于资本性支出的现金流量来自固定 资产的净增加额，等于取得固定资产的现金流出量减去出售固定资产的现金流入量；净营运 资本的增加来自营运资本变动的现金流量。企业总现金流量有时为负，当企业以较高的增长 率成长时，用于存货和固定资产的支出就可能大于来自销售的现金流量。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
9．同比财务报表与同基财务报表 答：同比财务报表是把普通财务报表的资产负债表各项按照资产的百分比表示，将损益 表的各项按照销售收入的百分 比报表。 同基财务报表是首先选择一个基期，将基期报表上的各项数额的指数均定为 100，其他 各年度财务报表上的数字也均用指数表示，由此得出同基百分比报表，可以查明各项目的变 化趋势。通过同基财务报表，我们可以分析企业经营状况随时间的变化，这种分析也叫做趋 势分析。
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解（居民户的储蓄和投资决策）【圣才出品】
博迪《⾦融学》第2版课后习题及详解（居民户的储蓄和投资决策）【圣才出品】博迪《⾦融学》第2版课后习题及详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策⼀、概念题1．⼈⼒资本（human capital）答：⼈⼒资本是指劳动者受到教育、培训、实践经验、迁移、保健等⽅⾯的投资⽽获得的知识和技能的积累，亦称“⾮物⼒资本”。
由于这种知识与技能可以为其所有者带来⼯资等收益，因⽽形成了⼀种特定的资本——⼈⼒资本。
任何使⼈⼒资本增值的活动都是⼈⼒资本投资，包括医疗和保健、在职⼈员培训、正规教育、成⼈教育与培训、迁移者⼯作搜寻等等。
⼈⼒资本投资的决策是⼀种收益与成本的权衡，其成本包括：实际的费⽤或直接的费⽤、放弃的⼯资报酬以及⼼理成本。
投资的预期收益可能是以各种形式表现出来的，⽐如较⾼的未来收⼊、终⾝⼯作满意程度的提⾼、对娱乐活动欣赏⽔平的提⾼以及欣赏兴趣的增长等。
2．永久性收⼊（permanent income）答：永久性收⼊是指消费者可以预期到的长期收⼊，即预期在较长时期中（3年以上）可以维持的稳定的收⼊流量。
永久性收⼊是弗⾥德曼持久收⼊假说中的重要概念，⼤致可以根据所观察到的若⼲年收⼊的数值的加权平均数来计算，估算持久收⼊的计算公式为：YP T=Y T-1＋θ（Y T－Y T-1）=θY T－（1－θ）Y T-1（0＜θ＜1）式中，YP T为现期永久性收⼊，Y T为现期收⼊，Y T-1为前期收⼊，θ为加权数。
该公式说明，现期的永久性收⼊等于前期收⼊和两个时期收⼊变动的⼀定⽐率，或者说等于现期收⼊和前期收⼊的加权平均数。
加权数的⼤⼩取决于⼈们对未来收⼊的预期，这种预期要根据过去的经验进⾏修改，称为适应性预期。
如果⼈们认为前期和后期收⼊变动的时间较长，θ就⼤；反之，前期和后期收⼊变动的时间较短，θ就⼩。
3．跨期预算约束（inter-temporal budget constraint）答：跨期预算约束是指决定⼀⽣消费计划时⾯临的约束条件，即⼀⽣的消费开⽀和遗产的现值等于包括初始财产和未来劳动收⼊在内的⼀⽣资源的现值。
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解博迪的《金融学》第2版是一本广泛使用的金融学教材，其中的课后习题对于学生理解和掌握金融学概念和理论具有重要意义。
本文将选取一些具有代表性的课后习题，并提供详细的解答和分析。
答：金融学是一项针对人们怎样跨期配置稀缺资源的研究。
它涉及货币、投资、证券、银行、保险、基金等领域，主要研究如何在不确定的环境下对资源进行跨时期分配，以实现最大化的收益或满足特定的目标。
金融体系（financial system）答：金融体系是金融市场以及其他金融机构的集合，这些集合被用于金融合同的订立以及资产和风险的交换。
它是由连接资金盈余者和资金短缺者的一系列金融中介机构和金融市场共同构成的一个有机体，包括股票、债券和其他金融工具的市场、金融中介（如银行和保险公司）、金融服务公司（如金融咨询公司）以及监控管理所有这些单位的管理机构等。
研究金融体系如何发展演变是金融学科的重要方面。
假设某个投资者在2022年购买了一张面值为1000元，年利率为5%的债券，并在2023年以1100元的价格卖出。
请问该投资者的年化收益率是多少？(1100 - 1000) / 1000 × 100% = 10%其中，分子部分为投资者获得的收益，分母部分为投资者的初始投资金额。
答：现代金融学的三个主要理论包括资本资产定价模型（CAPM）、有效市场假说（EMH）和现代投资组合理论（MPT）。
资本资产定价模型（CAPM）是一种用来决定资产合理预期收益的模型，它认为资产的预期收益与该资产的系统性风险有关。
在投资决策中，投资者可以通过比较不同资产的预期收益与其系统性风险来确定最优投资组合。
有效市场假说（EMH）认为市场是有效的，即市场上的价格反映了所有可用信息。
根据这个理论，投资者无法通过分析信息来获取超额收益。
然而，在实践中，许多研究表明市场并非完全有效，投资者可以通过分析和利用信息来获得超额收益。
现代投资组合理论（MPT）是由Harry Markowitz于20世纪50年代提出的，它认为投资者应该通过多元化投资来降低风险。
兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库1TB(1)
Chapter OneFinancial EconomicsThis chapter contains 48 multiple choice questions, 20 short problems and 5 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.The primary goal of corporate management is to ________ shareholder wealth.(a)minimize(b)maximize(c)leverage(d)mitigateAnswer: (b)2. A ________ stock market imposes ________ discipline on managers to take actions to maximize themarket value of the firm’s shares.(a)competitive, strong(b)dispersed, weak(c)mature, no(d)dispersed, strongAnswer: (a)3. The ________ form is especially well suited to the separation of ownership and management of firms because it allows relatively frequent changes in owners by share transfer without affecting the operations of the firm.(a)corporate(b)sole proprietorship(c)partnership(d)householdAnswer: (a)4. ________ is anything that has economic value.(a)A partnership(b)An asset(c)A balance sheet(d)An income statementAnswer: (b)5. A household’s wealth or net worth is measured by the value of its ________ minus its ________.(a)liabilities; assets(b)assets; liabilities(c)stocks; bonds(d)bonds; liabilitiesAnswer: (b)6. The branch of finance dealing with financial decisions of firms is called ________ or ________.(a)investments; international finance(b)markets; institutions(c)business finance; institutions(d)business finance; corporate financeAnswer: (d)7. Bonds promise ________ cash payments, while stocks pay the ________ value left over after all other claimants have been paid.(a)variable; residual(b)residual; fixed(c)fixed; residual(d)fixed; variableAnswer: (c)8. The day-to-day financial affairs of the firm are usually referred to as ________.(a)working capital management(b)capital structure(c)capital budgeting(d)strategic planningAnswer: (a)9. A disadvantage of the sole proprietorship is the fact that the sole proprietor has ________.(a)limited liability for the debts of the firm(b)unlimited liability for the debts of the firm(c)expensive costs to establish the firm(d)limited authority over the day-to-day business decisions of the firmAnswer: (b)10. In the U.S. corporations with concentrated ownership are called ________ and corporations with broadly dispersed ownership are called ________.(a)private corporations; public corporations(b)public corporations; private corporations(c)public corporations; monopolies(d)private corporations; state owned corporationsAnswer: (a)11. Billy owns a house worth $350,000 and has a $55,000 bank account. Billy owes $270,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan and has a $12,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Billy’s net worth.(a)$135,000(b)$123,000(c)$497,000(d)$37,000Answer: (b)12. Marlowe owns a house worth $150,000, a car worth $25,000 and has an $18,000 bank account. Marlowe owes $135,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $18,000 on the car loan and has an $18,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Marlowe’s net worth.(a)$58,000(b)$123,000(c)$22,000(d)$37,000Answer: (c)13. An advantage of the corporate form of ownership is ________.(a)no liability(b)unlimited liability(c)limited liability(d)CEO liabilityAnswer: (c)14. In the corporate form, the separated structure creates the potential for ________ between owners and managers.(a)a conflict of interest(b)increased transactional costs(c)stability in relations(d)none of the aboveAnswer: (a)15. All of the following are reasons for having a separation of management and ownership of the firm except:(a)the “going concern” effect favors the separated structure(b)professional managers may be found who possess a superior ability to run the business(c)it prevents the possibility of a conflict of interest between the owners and management(d)it allows for savings in the cost of information gatheringAnswer: (c)16. ________ involves the evaluation of costs and benefits spread out over time, and it is largely a financial decision-making process.(a)Stock valuation(b)Bond valuation(c)Inventory costing(d)Strategic planningAnswer: (d)17. Shareholder wealth maximization depends on all of the following except:(a)production technology(b)market interest rates(c)risk aversion(d)market risk premiumsAnswer: (c)18. A problem with using the profit maximization criterion is ________.(a)deciding which period’s profit is to be maximized(b)the definition of “maximize profits” is ambiguous(c)the failure to consider risk(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)19. The existence of a well functioning stock market facilitates the efficient separation of the ownership and management of firms, since stock prices can be substituted for external information about ________.(a)the firm’s production technology(b)the wealth, preferences, and other investment opportunities of the owners(c)the historic costs of the firm’s infrastructure(d)the firm’s ability to meet its projected goalsAnswer: (b)20. One place to look for a statement of the goals of a corporation’s top managers is the ________.(a)balance sheet(b)income statement(c)annual report(d)bankruptcy filingAnswer: (c)21. In the absence of a stock market, managers would require information that is ________ to obtain.(a)costly if not impossible(b)costless(c)readily available(d)time-consuming but inexpensiveAnswer: (a)22. Management’s task is made much easier when it can observe the ________ of its own and other firms’ shares.(a)book prices(b)market prices(c)historical prices(d)security pricesAnswer: (b)23. ________ are entitled to a share of any of the distributions from the corporation such as cash dividends.(a)Sole proprietors(b)General partners(c)Professional managers(d)ShareholdersAnswer: (d)24. ________ is the founder of modern portfolio theory.(a)Harry Markowitz(b)Merton Miller(c)William Sharpe(d)Bill GatesAnswer: (a)25. In Germany, public corporations are identifiable by ________ after the company name, whereas private companies are denoted by ________.(a)PLC, Inc.(b)GmbH, AG(c)AG, GmbH(d)SpA, GmbHAnswer: (c)26. In the United Kingdom, public corporations are identifiable by ________ after the company name, whereas private companies are denoted by ________.(a)Inc, PLC(b)LTD, PLC(c)AG, GmbH(d)PLC, LTDAnswer: (d)27. Shareholders elect ________ who in turn select ________ to run the business.(a)a board of directors; a treasurer(b)a board of directors; managers(c)managers; a board of directors(d)a board of directors; accountantsAnswer: (b)28. In a competitive stock market, ________ offer(s) another important mechanism for aligning the incentives of managers with those of shareholders.(a)takeovers(b)increased taxes(c)liquidation(d)increased liabilityAnswer: (a)29. If a raider is interested in making a profit through the takeover of a prospective firm, the only expenses that need be incurred are ________.(a)the cost of identifying a mismanaged firm(b)the cost of acquiring the firm’s shares(c)physical capital(d)both (a) and (b)Answer: (d)30. The cost of identifying a mismanaged firm can be low if the raider is which of the following:(a)a supplier(b)a customer(c)a competitor(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)31. Takeover mechanisms can most effectively be reduced by ________.(a)directives from the board of directors(b)media intervention(c)government policies(d)public disapprovalAnswer: (c)32. The chief financial officer (CFO) of a corporation normally reports to the ________ of the company.(a)controller(b)treasurer(c)chief executive officer(d)chairman of the board of directorsAnswer: (c)33. All of the following departments typically report to the chief financial officer (CFO) except:(a)marketing(b)financial planning(c)treasury(d)controlAnswer: (a)34. The treasurer’s job includes managing all of the following except:(a)the firm’s exposure to currency and interest rate risks(b)the tax department(c)relations with the external investment community(d)the analysis of proposed mergers and acquisitionsAnswer: (d)35. The activities of the vice president for financial planning include all of the following except:(a)analyzing proposed mergers(b)analyzing proposed spin-offs(c)preparing internal reports comparing planned and actual costs(d)analyzing major capital expendituresAnswer: (c)36.Which of the following statements is most correct?(a)The shareholders of a corporation elect managers who in turn select a board of directors torun the business.(b)Partnerships do not pay corporate tax.(c) A disadvantage of the corporation is unlimited liability.(d)The government is powerless to discourage corporate takeovers.Answer: (b)37.For a typical firm, which of the following statements is most correct?(a)The CFO has three departments reporting to him: financial planning, treasury and control.(b)The treasurer oversees the accounting and auditing activities of the firm.(c)The controller has responsibility for managing the financing activities of the firm and forworking capital management.(d)The CEO is a senior vice president with responsibility for all the financial functions in thefirm.Answer: (a)38.Which of the following are financial decisions a firm has to make?(a)financing decisions(b)capital budgeting decisions(c)working capital decisions(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)39.The controller’s job includes responsibility for ________.(a)relations with the external investment community(b)preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors and regulatoryauthorities(c)analysis of proposed mergers, acquisitions and spin-offs(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (b)40.The basic unit of analysis in capital budgeting is the ________.(a)financing project(b)investment project(c)strategic project(d)variable projectAnswer: (b)41.The steps involved in any capital budgeting process include:(a)evaluating projects(b)deciding which projects to undertake(c)identifying ideas for new investment projects(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)42.Preferred stock, bonds, and convertible securities are also known as ________.(a)nonmarketable claims(b)standardized securities(c)variable securities(d)covenantsAnswer: (b)43.The basic unit of analysis in capital structure decisions is the ________.(a)firm as a whole(b)investment project(c)firm’s personnel(d)financial systemAnswer: (a)44.Which one of the following correctly orders the steps involved in capital structure decisions?(a)determining a feasible financing plan; identifying new ideas for investment projects(b)determining the optimal financing mix; determining a feasible financing plan(c)identifying ideas for investment projects; determining the optimal financing mix(d)determining a feasible financing plan; determining the optimal financing mixAnswer: (d)45.Which of the following is not a financial function of a corporation?(a)investor relations(b)tax administration(c)provision of capital(d)regulatory legislationAnswer: (d)46.Which of the following functions may be categorized as administration of funds?(a)custodial responsibilities(b)tax administration(c)internal auditing(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)47.Investor relations includes:(a)government reporting(b)establishment and maintenance of communications with company stockholders(c)relations with taxing agencies(d)consultation with and advice to other corporate executivesAnswer: (b)48.Oscar owns a boat worth $2 million, a house worth $lion and has $900,000 in a bank account.Oscar owes $1.1 million to the bank on the boat loan, $2 million on the home loan and has $20,000 credit card debt. Calculate Oscar’s net worth.(a)$3.12 million(b)$5.28 million(c)$7.28 million(d)$8.4 millionAnswer: (b)Short Problems1.Give a brief definition of the financial system.Answer: A financial system is defined as the set of markets and other institutions used for financial contracting and the exchange of assets and risks.2.List the markets that the financial system likely includes.Answer: A financial system includes the markets for stocks, bonds and other financial instruments, financial intermediaries, financial service firms and the regulatory bodies that govern all of these institutions.3.Briefly describe the distinction between physical capital and financial capital.Answer: Physical capital includes items such as buildings, machinery and other intermediate products used in the production process. Financial capital, however, includes stocks, bonds and loans used to finance the acquisition of physical capital.4. Give a brief description of the wide range of financial instruments and claims a firm can issue. Answer: These include common stock, preferred stock, bonds and convertible securities (standardized securities that can be traded in organized markets). Financial instruments and claims can also include nonmarketable claims such as bank loans, employee stock options, leases and pension liabilities.5.Siggy owns a house worth $200,000, a car worth $25,000 and has an $18,000 bank account. He alsohas furniture worth $4,000 and jewelry worth $10,000. However, Siggy owes $145,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $17,000 on the car loan, $40,000 on student loans and has an $16,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Siggy’s net worth.Answer: Net Worth = Total Assets – Total Liabilities= ($200,000 + $25,000 + $18,000 + $4,000 + $10,000) –($145,000 + $17,000 + $40,000 + $16,000)= $39,0006.Briefly list the problems associated with profit maximization as the chief goal of corporate managers. Answer: The profit-maximization criterion has two problems associated with it. The first is that it is difficult to determine which period’s profit is to be maximized if the production process requires many periods. Secondly, if either future revenues or expenses are uncertain, then what exactly is the meaning of “maximize profits” if profits are described by a probability distribution?7.Kecia owns a house worth $220,000, a car worth $20,000 and has a $13,000 bank account. She alsohas furniture worth $8,000. However, Kecia owes $165,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $17,000 on the car loan, $50,000 on student loans and has an $18,000 credit card debt outstanding.Calculate Kecia's net worth.Answer: Net Worth = Total Assets – Total Liabilities= ($220,000 + $20,000 + $13,000 + $8,000) –($165,000 + $17,000 + $50,000 + $18,000)= $261,000 - $250,000= $11,0008.Give an example of a potential conflict of interest that can arise between owners and managers of afirm.Answer: Managers being concerned with their own personal welfare may lead to concern about job security in the long run. This concern about long run survival may cause managers to limit the risk incurred by the firm and make other decisions not with the objective of shareholder wealth maximization.9.What use does the existence of a stock market serve to the manager of a firm?Answer: Observing its own and other firms’ market price of shares helps it make decisions about maximizing the firm’s value to its shareholders. If there was not a stock market, then managers would be required to obtain information that is costly, if not impossible, to obtain. This includes the wealth, preferences and other investment opportunities of the owners.10.Outline the role of the takeover in aligning the incentives of managers with those of shareholders. Answer: The threat of a takeover provides a strong incentive for current managers to act in the interests of the firm’s current shareholders by maximizing market value. If managers fail to maximize the market value of the firm’s shares, the firm will be vulnerable to a takeover in which the managers may lose their jobs.11.Outline the role of the chief financial officer (CFO) in a corporation.Answer: The CFO is a senior vice president with responsibility for all the financial functions in the firm and reports directly to the CEO. Three departments report to the CFO: financial planning, treasury, and control.12.Discuss the role of the treasurer in a corporation.Answer: The treasurer has responsibility for managing the financing activities of the firm and for working capital management. The treasurer is responsible for managing relations with the external investor community, managing the firm’s exposure to currency and interest rate risks, and managing the tax department.13. Discuss the tasks performed by the controller of a corporation.Answer: The controller oversees the accounting and auditing tasks of the firm. The controller is responsible for the preparation of internal reports comparing planned and actual costs, revenues, and profits from the corporation’s various business units. The controller will also be involved with preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors and regulatory authorities.14. Discuss why voting rights for shareholders are not adequate to compel managers to act in the bestinterests of the shareholders.Answer: Because a major benefit of the separated structure is that the owners can remain relatively uninformed about the operations of the firm, it is not apparent how these owners could know whether their firm is being mismanaged. The value of voting rights is further cast into doubt if ownership of the firm is widely dispersed. If that is the situation, then the holdings of any single owner are likely to be so small that he or she would not incur the expense to become informed and to convey this information to the other owners.15.Is it possible for government to reduce the effectiveness of the takeover mechanism?Answer: Yes. It is possible for government policy to prevent the formation of monopolies in various product markets – as in the case of the United States Department of Justice, which can take legal action under the antitrust laws to prevent mergers and acquisitions that might reduce competition.16.In terms of the financial functions of a corporation, what responsibilities do administration of fundsentail?Answer: Management of cash; maintenance of banking arrangements; receipt, custody and disbursementof the company’s monies and securities; credit and collection management; management of pensionfunds; management of investments and custodial responsibilities.17.Discuss the liability a partnership faces.Answer: Unless otherwise specified, all partners have unlimited liability as in the sole proprietorship.However, it is possible to limit the liability for some partners called “limited partners”. At least one ofthe partners, called the general partner, has unlimited liability for the debts of the firm.18.Describe the advantages of the corporate form of business organization.Answer: The corporate form of ownership has the advantage that ownership shares can usually betransferred without disrupting the business. Limited liability is also another advantage of the corporateform. In this case, if the corporation fails to pay its debts, the creditors can seize the assets of thecorporation but have no recourse to the personal assets of the shareholders.19.Briefly outline the process of capital budgeting.Answer: The process of capital budgeting includes identifying ideas for new investment projects,evaluating them, deciding which ones to undertake, and then implementing them.20.Briefly discuss the process of working capital management.Answer: Working capital management refers to the day-to-day financial affairs of the business, such aswhether to extend credit to customers or demand cash on delivery or managing cash flow.Longer Problems1.Describe the four basic types of financial decisions faced by householders.Answer: Investment decisions – whether to invest in stocks or bondsConsumption/Savings Decisions – how much to save for one’s retirement or a child’s educationRisk management decisions – whether to buy disability insuranceFinancing decisions – what type of loan to adopt in order to finance the purchase of a homeorcar.2.Give a brief description of each of the four main areas of financial decision-making in a business.Answer: Strategic Planning: Evaluating the costs and benefits associated with the firm’sbusiness line, which may change over time.Capital Budgeting: Identifying ideas for new investment projects, evaluating them,deciding which ones to undertake, and then implementing them.Capital Structure: The initial step is deciding upon a feasible financing plan for the firm.The next decision involves the optimal debt/equity mix to use.Working Capital Management: The day-to-day affairs of the business. This includespaying bills as they come due, collecting from customers, managing the firm’s cashflows to ensure that operating cash flows deficits are financed and that cash flowsurpluses are efficiently invested to earn a good return.3.Explain the five basic reasons for separating the management from the ownership of an enterprise.Answer:•Professional managers may be found who have a superior ability to run the business.•To achieve the efficient scale of a business the resources of many households may have to be pooled.•In an uncertain economic environment, owners will want to diversify their risks across many firms.•The separated structure allows for savings in the costs of information gathering.•There is a “learning curve” or “going concern” effect, which favors to separated structure.4.Discuss the types of decisions that firms must make.Answer: Capital budgeting decisions – whether to build a new plant or produce a new product.Financing decisions – how much equity and how much debt a firm should adopt in its capital structure.Working Capital decisions – whether credit should be extended to a customer or cashdemanded on delivery.5.Outline the roles of the three departments that report to the Chief Financial Officer.Answer: Treasury: This department is responsible for managing the financing activitiesof the firm and for working capital management. This includes managing relations with theexternal investment community, managing the firm’s exposure to currency and interest raterisks, and managing the tax department.Financial Planning: This department is responsible for analyzing major capitalexpenditures such as proposals to enter new lines of business or to exit existing businesses.This includes analyzing proposed mergers, acquisitions and spin-offs.Controller: This department oversees the accounting and auditing activities of the firm.Activities include preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors andregulatory authorities, as well as the preparation of internal reports comparing planned andactual costs, revenues, and profits from the corporation’s various business units.。
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(资本结构)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第16章资本结构一、概念题1．调整净现值答：调整净现值是指利用调整净现值法计算出的净现值,即一个项目为杠杆企业创造的价值（APV）等于一个无杠杆企业的项目净现值（NPV）加上筹资方式的连带效应的净现值。
调整净现值法中不同类别的现金流量分别采用不同的贴现率进行贴现，而不是对所有的现金流量按统一贴现率进行折现。
2．优先股（preferred stock）答：优先股指在股份公司分派股息和在清算公司财产方面比普通股享有优先权的股份。
优先股优先于普通股领取股息和分享企业经营红利；当公司破产或解散时，拍卖资产所得资金，在清偿债务以后，优先股先于普通股得到清偿。
但优先股的股东—般在股东大会上没有表决权，不能参与公司的经营管理。
公司如果涉及优先股所保障的权利时则属于例外。
优先股的股息是固定的，一般都在发行股票时予以确定。
因此，优先股与普通股相比较，虽然收益和决策参与权有限，但风险较小。
优先股根据不同情况，又可分为累计优先股和非累计优先股，参与优先股和非参与优先股，可转换优先股和不可转换优先股等。
3．财务杠杆（南京大学2004研，厦门大学1998研）答：财务杠杆即测量来自于固定财务成本的财务风险的方法，用以衡量在某一债务资本比率下，公司息税前利润变动对每股净收益所产生的作用。
如果其他因素保持不变，较强的财务杠杆作用意味着息税前利润相对微小的变动就可能导致普通股每股净收益的大幅度变化；或者反过来讲，在这种条件下，普通股股东收益水平对企业盈利状况的反应极为敏感，即意味着财务风险程度的提高。
财务杠杆的强弱取决于企业的资本结构，在资本构成中负债资本所占比重愈大，财务杠杆作用愈强，财务风险越大。
财务杠杆用来反映息税前利润的变动引起每股盈余的变动程度，其公式为：DFL=EBITEBIT EPS EPS EBIT EPS ∆∆=变动的百分数变化的百分数其中：DFL 为杠杆系数；EPS 为变动前普通股每股收益；ΔEPS 为普通股每股收益变动额；EBIT 为变动前息税前利润；ΔEPIT 为息税前利润变动额。
2021年兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库TB
Chapter SevenPrinciples of Market ValuationThis chapter contains 30 multiple choice questions，10 short problems and 5 longer problems. Multiple Choice1.In regard to an asset，the ________ is defined as the process well-informed investors mustpay for it in a free and competitive market.(a)analyst value(b)technical value(c)competitive value(d)fundamental valueAnswer：(d)2.In corporate finance decision making，an extremely important rule is to choose theinvestment that ________ current shareholders’ wealth.(a)minimizes(b)maximizes(c)provides zero change in(d)jeopardizesAnswer：(b)3.In asset valuation，the method used to accomplish the estimation depends on the ________.(a)number of participants(b)quality of calculating instruments(c)richness of the information set available(d)geographic locationAnswer：(c)4.The ________ states that in a competitive market，if two assets are equivalent，they willtend to have the same market price.(a)Law of Real Interest Rates(b)Law of One Price(c)Law of Price Equivalency(d)Law of FuturesAnswer：(b)5.The Law of One Price is enforced by a process called ________，the purchase andimmediate sale of equivalent assets in order to earn a sure profit from a difference in their prices.(a)swapping(b)maximization(c)arbitrage(d)speculationAnswer：(c)6.________ refers to the totality of costs such as shipping，handling，insuring，and brokerfees.(a)Shipping costs(b)Transaction costs(c)Installation costs(d)Insurance costsAnswer：(b)7.The Law of One price is a statement about the price of one asset ________ the price ofanother.(a)absolute to(b)relative to(c)multiplied by(d)independent ofAnswer：(b)8.If an entity borrows at a lower rate and lends at a higher rate，this is an example of________.(a)opportunity arbitrage(b)interest-rate arbitrage(c)exchange arbitrage(d)nominal arbitrageAnswer： (b)9.If arbitrage ensures that any three currencies are freely convertible in competitivemarkets，then:(a)it is enough to know only one exchange rate to determine the third(b)we can estimate two exchange rates based on one exchange rate only(c)it is enough to know the exchange rates between any two in order to determine thethird(d)it is necessary to know all three ratesAnswer：(c)10.Suppose you have $15,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 4% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $6,000 on which you are paying an interest rate of 17% per year. What arbitrage opportunity do you face?(a)$240 per year(b)$600 per year(c)$780 per year(d)$1,020 per yearAnswer：(c)11.If the dollar price of Japanese Yen is $0.009594 per Japanese Yen and the dollar price ofChinese Yuan is $0.1433 per Chinese Yuan，what is the Japanese Yen price of a Chinese Yuan?(i.e.，JPY/CNY)(a)0.001375 JPY/CNY(b)0.066950 JPY/CNY(c)9.594 JPY/CNY(d)14.936419 JPY/CNYAnswer：(d)12.If the dollar price of guilders is $0.5634 per Guilder and the dollar price of Euros is $1.5576per Euro，what is the Euro price of the Guilder?(i.e.，EUR/ANG)(a)0.361700 EUR/ANG(b)0.877552 EUR/ANG(c)2.764643 EUR/ANG(d)5.634 EUR/ANGAnswer：(d)13.Suppose the price of gold is 51.09 British pounds per ounce. If the dollar price of gold is$100 per ounce，what would you expect the dollar price of a British pound to be?(a)$1.95733 per GBP(b)$1.5109 per GBP(c)$0.5109 per GBP(d)$0.4891 per GBPAnswer：(a)Questions 14-18 refer to the following exchange rate table. To answer 14-18 you will have to fill in the missing exchange rates.14.What is the Euro/Peso exchange rate?(i.e.，EUR/MXN)(a)0.617426EUR/MXN(b)0.641807 EUR/MXN(c)6.675516 EUR/MXN(d)16.196262 EUR/MXN Answer：(a)15.What is the Cdn Dlr/Euro exchange rate?(i.e.，CAD/EUR)(a)0.641807 CAD/EUR(b)1.558099 CAD/EUR(c)6.420 CAD/EUR(d)16.196262 CAD/EURAnswer：(b)16.What is the Euro/Cdn Dlr exchange rate?(i.e.，EUR/CAD)(a)0.3583 EUR/CAD(b)0.641807 EUR/CAD(c)1.558099 EUR/CAD(d)10.394 EUR/CADAnswer：(b)17.What is the Peso/Cdn Dlr exchange rate?(i.e.，MXN/CAD)(a)0.096201 MXN/CAD(b)0.641807 MXN/CAD(c)10.394882 MXN/CAD(d)16.196262 MXN/CADAnswer：(c)18.What is the Peso/Euro exchange rate?(i.e.，MXN/EUR)(a)0.617426 MXN/EUR(b)6.675516 MXN/EUR(c)15.581112 MXN/EUR(d)16.196262 MXN/EUR Answer：(d)19.You are travelling in FarOut where you can buy 130 kranes (a krane being the unit ofcurrency of FarOut) with a U.S. dollar at official FarOut banks. Your tour guide has a relative who dabbles in the black market and this particular relative will sell you kranes for just$0.00833 each on the black market. How much will you lose or gain by exchanging $200 on the black market instead of going to the bank?(a)you would gain approximately 1,660 kranes(b)you would lose approximately 1,660 kranes(c)you would gain approximately 1,990 kranes(d)you would lose approximately 1,990 kranesAnswer：(d)20.In estimating the value of a share of a firm’s stock，a simple model is to :(a)divide EPS by a P/E multiple(b)multiply EPS by a P/E multiple(c)multiply EPS by EAT(d)divide EPS by market valueAnswer：(b)21.A firm’s earnings per share are $6 and the industry average P/E multiple is 9. What wouldbe an estimate of the value of a share of the firm’s stock?(a)$54.00(b)$45.00(c)$1.50(d)$0.67Answer：(a)22.The value of the asset as it appears in the financial statement is called the asset’s ________.(a)market value(b)fixed value(c)book value(d)expected valueAnswer：(c)23.Consider the following stock market reaction to the information contained in a company’sannouncement. A corporation has just announced that it must pursue the issuance of company equity. We could expect to see ________ in the price of company stock.(a)a rise(b)a drop(c)a rapid rise(d)zero changeAnswer：(b)24.Consider what the stock market reaction to the following announcement would be. Acorporation has just announced that it is engaging in a stock split of the company’s shares.We could expect to see a ________ in the overall market capitalization rate and a ________ in the price of company stock.(a)rise；drop(b)drop；rise(c)rise；drop(d)rise；dropAnswer：(a)25.The ________ is the proposition that an asset’s current price fully reflects all publiclyavailable information about future economic fundamentals affecting the asset’s value.(a)public markets hypothesis(b)efficient markets exchange rates(c)fundamental value proposition(d)efficient markets hypothesisAnswer：(d)26.The market price of an asset reflects the ________ of all analysts’ opinions with heavierweights on analysts who control large amounts of money and on those analysts who have better than average information.(a)best estimate(b)weighted average(c)highest estimate(d)lowest estimateAnswer：(b)27.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. Inflation in Denmarkis 9% per year and in the United States it is 7% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Danish krone and in U.S. dollars，respectively?(a)16.63% (DKK)；13.50% (USD)(b)13.50% (DKK)；16.63% (USD)(c)13.36% (DKK)；11.28% (USD)(d)11.28% (DKK)；13.36% (USD)Answer：(c)28.The ________ theory states that the expected real interest rate on risk-free loans is the sameall over the world.(a)nominal interest-rate parity(b)real interest-rate parity(c)efficient inflation rate parity(d)efficient market rateAnswer：(b)29.________ states that exchange rates adjust so as to maintain the same “real” price of a“representative” basket of goods and services around the world.(a)Purchasing power parity(b)Efficient markets hypothesis(c)Market valuation model(d)Exchange rate equityAnswer：(a)30.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 5% per year. Inflation in Australiais 9% per year and in Great Britain it is 12% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Australian dollars and Great Britain pounds，respectively?(a)22.08% (AUD)，11.45% (GBP)(b)11.45% (AUD)，22.08% (GBP)(c)17.60% (AUD)，14.45% (GBP)(d)14.45% (AUD)，17.60% (GBP)Answer：(d)Short Problems1.Suppose you have $20,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 4% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $7,000 on which you are paying an interest rate of 18% per year. What is the arbitrage opportunity you face?Answer：You could take $7,000 out of your bank account and pay down your creditcard balance. You would give up 4% per year in interest earnings ($280) but you wouldsave 18% per year in interest expenses ($1,260). So the arbitrage opportunity is worth$980 per year.2.Fill in the missing exchange rates in the following table:Answer:3.You observe that the dollar price of the Mexican peso is $0.09618 and the dollar price of theCanadian dollar is $0.9997. What must the exchange rate between the Mexican peso and the Canadian dollar be for there to be no arbitrage opportunity?Answer: CAD/MXN = 0.096180.9997= 0.096208 CAD/MXN4.Suppose that the exchange rate is $0.2970 to the Israeli shekel. How could you makearbitrage profits with $10,000 if the dollar price of gold is $200 per ounce and the shekel price is 750 ILS per ounce?Answer：Take $10,000 and buy 50 ounces of gold at $200 per ounce. Sell 50 ounces of gold in Israel for 37,500 ILS (750 ILS per ounce). Take 37,500 ILS and exchange it into dollars worth $11,137.50. The arbitrage profit is $1,137.50.5.You are travelling in FarOut where you can buy 150 kranes (a krane being the unit ofcurrency in FarOut) with a U.S. dollar at official FarOut banks. Your tour guide has a relative who dabbles in the black market and this particular relative will sell you kranes for just $0.00685 each on the black market. How much would you gain or lose by exchanging $300 on the black market instead of going to the bank?Answer:On the official market：$300 x 150 kranes = 45,000 kranesOn the black market：$300 x 1/0.00685 kranes = 43,796 kranesHence，you would lose 1,204 kranes.6. A firm’s earnings per share are $5.50 and the industry average P/E multiple is 8. Whatwould be an estimate of the value of a share of the firm’s stock?Is it possible for firms being classified in the same industry to have different price/earnings multiples?Answer:Estimated value share of stock = firm’s EPS x Industry average P/E= $5.50 x 8= $44.00Firms classified as being in the same industry may have different opportunities for growth in the future and may therefore differ in their P/E multiples.7.The P/E multiple of BHM Corporation is currently 5，while the P/E ratio of the S&P 500 is10. What reasons could account for this difference?Answer:•BHM’s reported earnings may be higher than they are expected to be in the future，or they may be inflated due to special accounting methods used by BHM.•BHM may be riskier than the S&P 500 either because it is in a relatively risky industry or has a relatively higher debt ratio.8.The price of Hubris Co. stock recently jumped when the CEO for the company announced anincreased dividend payment for the year. What might account for such a market reaction?Answer：The market may believe the company’s future prospects look very bright (that is，higher earnings，less risk，sound growth，etc.) and that the company can sustain such an earnings growth.9.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. Denmark has anexpected rate of inflation of 9% per year and in Spain has an expected rate of inflation of 14% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Kroner and Euros?Answer: Denmark：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.09) – 1= 13.36% per yearSpain：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.14) –1= 18.56% per year10.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. The United Kingdomhas an expected rate of inflation of 8% per year and in Belgium it is 10% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Pounds Sterling and Euros?Answer: United Kingdom：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.08) – 1= 12.32% per yearBelgium：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.10) – 1= 14.40% per yearLonger Problems1.Let’s assume that you have operated your own business for 18 years. For the most recentfiscal year，sales were $15 million. Net Income for the most recent fiscal year was $1.5million. The book value of your business was $11 million. Recently，a firm which isengaged in similar activities to your own was sold and the following information was made public:Multiple of Book Value 0.8xMultiple of Net Income 11xMultiple of Sales 0.7xa)How would you determine an appropriate range of value for your company?b)It has come to your attention that your company has future investment opportunitiesthat would be less profitable than the competing company above. What does this sayabout the valuation of your company?Answer：a) Multiple of Sales： 0.7x = $15 million x 0.7 = $10.5 millionMultiple of Net Income： 11x = $1.5 million x 11 = $16.5 millionMultiple of Book Value： 0.8x = $11 million x 0.8 = $8.8 millionb) The valuation of your company would be at the lower end of the range.2.BHM stock is trading for $47 per share on the NYSE and $45 per share on the Sydney StockExchange. Assume that the costs of buying and selling BHM stock are negligible.a)How can you make an arbitrage profit?b)Over time what would you expect to happen to stock prices in New York and Sydney?c)Now assume that the cost of buying and selling shares of BHM are 2% pertransaction. How does this affect your answers?Answer：a) You could buy BHM stock in Sydney and simultaneously sell it in New York. Your arbitrage profit would be $2 per share.b)The prices would become equal.c)There could remain a 2% discrepancy between the prices whichwould be $1.84 in this instance.3.Suppose you have $50,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 3.5% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $13,000 on which you arepaying an interest rate of 21% per year. What is the arbitrage opportunity you face?Answer：You could take $13,000 out of your bank account and pay down your creditcard balance. You would give up 3.5% per year in interest earnings ($455) but you would save 21% per year in interest expenses ($2,730). So the arbitrage opportunity is worth$2,275 per year.4.The quotes from Hubris Bank and Modesty Bank are given below:Hubris Bank: 106 Yen/$Modesty Bank: 104 Yen/$Answer the following questions based on these figures.a)If we assume no transaction costs，there is evidently an opportunity for arbitragehere. If an arbitrageur started with $10,000，exactly how would (s)he make profitsand how much profit would (s)he make?b)As many traders engage in arbitrage who do you expect to see in the above quotes atthese two banks?c)If there is a 1% transaction cost for transactions is there still an opportunity forarbitrage?Answer:Hubris Bank：106 Yen/$ Modesty Bank：104 Yen/$a)At Hubris Bank，buy Yen with dollars (Yen are cheaper).At Modesty Bank，buy dollars with Yen (dollars are cheaper).Start with $10,000:At Hubris Bank： $10,000 x 106 Yen/$ = 1,060,000 YenAt Modesty Bank： 1,060,000 Yen x 1$/104 Yen = $10,192.31You make a profit of $192.31.b)The Yen will appreciate at Hubris Bank and it will depreciate at Modesty Bank.Eventually the exchange rate will stabilize between 106 Yen/$ and 104 Yen/$.c)Assume 1% transaction cost.At Hubris Bank: $10,000 (0.99) x 106 Yen/$ = 1,049,400 YenAt Modesty Bank: 1,049,400 Yen x (0.99) x $1/104 Yen = $10,090.38There is still an opportunity for arbitrage profit，but it has decreased from$192.31 to $90.38.5.In the United States，the real rate of return is expected to be 5% and in Switzerland it isexpected to be 4%.a)If the inflation rate in the United States is expected to be 6% and the Swissinflation rate is expected to be 8%，what will the nominal interest rates be in theUnited States and Switzerland?b)Are these markets in equilibrium?Where would you prefer to invest and why?c)What if the Swiss inflation rate were 6%?Are the markets in equilibrium?d)What are the respective nominal rates if the worldwide risk-free real rate ofreturn is 4% and inflation in the U.S. is 6% and in Switzerland it is 8%?Answer:a) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.05)(1.06) – 1= 11.30% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.08) – 1= 12.32% per yearb)The markets are not in equilibrium. Investors will go where the real rate is highest.That is，in the U.S.c) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.05)(1.06) – 1= 11.30% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.06) – 1= 10.24% per yearMarkets are still not in equilibrium.d) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.06) – 1= 10.24% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.08) – 1= 12.32% per year。
博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解(远期市场与期货市场)【圣才出品】
2．期货交易的真正目的是（ ）。[中央财大 2010 研] A．作为一种商品交换的工具 B．减少交易者所承担的风险 C．转让实物资产或金融资产的财产权 D．上述说法都正确 【答案】B 【解析】期货交易为交易人提供了一种避免因一段时期内价格波动带来风险的工具。
3．以下有关交割的说法不正确的是（ ）。[2012 年 5 月真题] A．期货交割是促使期货价格和现货价格趋向一致的制度保证 B．商品期货多采用现金交割方式 C．标准仓单经交易所注册后可用于交割 D．沪深 300 股指期货采用现金交割方式 【答案】B 【解析】期货交易的交割方式分为实物交割和现金交割两种。商品期货、股票期货、外 汇期货、中长期利率期货通常采取实物交割方式，股票指数期货和短期利率期货通常采用现 金交割方式。
2．远期合约（中央财大 2000 研） 答：远期合约是指在两个金融机构之间或金融机构与其客户之间签署，约定在未来某一 到期日按照约定的价格买卖约定数量的相关资产的一种合约。交易一般不是标准化的，因此 不在规范的交易所内进行，而合约的内容也由交易双方自行协商确定，包括相关资产种类、 数量、价格、交割时间、交割地点等。远期合约是相对最简单的一种金融衍生工具，它主要 有货币远期和利率远期两类。
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圣才电子书
3．对冲者
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
答：利用远期合约进行对冲是通过锁定价格来实现风险对冲的，而利用期权合约进行对
冲则是给投资者提供了一种保险，一方面可以使投资者免受资产价格不利变动带来的损失，
另一方面又能使投资者获得资产价格有利变动的收益。但是，购买期权合约时，需要付出期
二、选择题 1．股指期货的交割是通过什么形式完成的？（ ）[清华大学 2012 金融硕士] A．从不交割 B．根据股票指数进行现金交割 C．对指数内每一支股票交割一个单位 D．对指数内每一支股票按照指数的加权比例分别交割 E．以上都不对
兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库
兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库4T B(1)(总25页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-Chapter FourAllocating Resources Over TimeThis chapter contains 46 multiple-choice questions, 18 short problems and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice1.________ is the process of going from present value to future value, whereas ________ isfinding the present value of some future amount.(a)Discounting; compounding(b)Compounding; annualizing(c)Compounding; discounting(d)Discounting; leasingAnswer: (c)2.________ refers to the interest rate at which money received before the end of the planninghorizon can be reinvested.(a)Internal rate(b)Reinvestment rate(c)Cost of equity(d)Compound interestAnswer: (b)3.The difference between an immediate annuity and an ordinary annuity is ________.(a)the number of periods(b)the amount of the payments(c)the interest rate(d)the timing of the paymentsAnswer: (d)4.The preferred stock of Tavistock Realty offers a cash dividend of $ per year and it is selling ata price of $110 per share. What is the yield of Tavistock Realty preferred stock?5.(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (a)6.Consider the situation where you have won a $10 million lottery to be received in 25 annualequal payments of $400,000. What will happen to the present value of these winnings if the interest rate increases during the next 25 years?(a)it will not change(b)it will be worth more(c)it will be worth less(d)it cannot be determinedAnswer: (c)7.What is the effective annual rate on a bank account that has APR of 8 percent with interestcompounded quarterly?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)8.You take out a loan with an APR of 10% with monthly compounding. What is the effectiveannual rate on your loan?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)18%Answer: (a)9.The CFO of CyberHelp Inc. has $250,000 in cash today that he wants to invest. How muchwill this investment be worth in four years if the current interest rate is 8%(a)$270,000(b)$330,000(c)$340,125(d)$342,150Answer: (c)10.If you purchase a $12,000 certificate of deposit today with an APR of 14%, with quarterlycompounding, what will the CD be worth when it matures in 5 years?(a)$20,(b)$20,(c)$23,(d)$23,Answer: (d)11.The CFO of CyberChain Inc. plans to unleash a media campaign that is expected to cost $15million four years from today. How much cash should she set aside to pay for this if the current interest rate is 13%(a)$ million(b)$ million(c)$ million(d)$ millionAnswer: (a)12.The NPV is a measure of how much your ________ wealth changes as a result of your choiceand if the NPV is ________it does not pay to undertake that choice.(a)future; negative(b)current; negative(c)current; positive(d)future; positiveAnswer: (b)13.The ________ is the rate that one can earn somewhere else if one did not invest in theproject under evaluation.(a)opportunity cost of capital(b)cost of debt(c)cost of equity(d)weighted average cost of capitalAnswer: (a)14.You are trying to decide whether or not to buy a bond for $990 that will make one paymentfor $1,050 four years from today. What is the internal rate of return on the bond’s cash flows?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)15.Calculate the NPV of the following cash flows: you invest $3,000 today and receive $300 oneyear from now, $700 two years from now, and $1,100 starting four years from now. Assume that the interest rate is 7%.(a)–$1,(b)–$1,(c)$1,(d)$1,Answer: (b)16.After each payment of an amortized loan, the outstanding balance is reduced by the amountof principal repaid. Therefore, the portion of the payment that goes toward the payment of interest is ________ than the previous period’s interest payment and the portion going toward repayment of principal is ________ than the previous period’s.(a)greater; lower(b)lower; lower(c)greater; greater(d)lower; greaterAnswer: (d)17.The present value of a future amount can be calculated with the equation ________.(a) PV = FV(1 + i)n(b) PV = FV(1 + i)(n)(c) PV = FV/(1 + i)n[NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction](d) PV = FV/(1 + i)(n) [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction]Answer: (c)18.To compute the future value of a present amount use the compound amount factor definedas ________.(a) FV = PV(1 + i)n(b) FV = PV(1 + i)(n)(c) FV = PV/(1 + i)n [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction](d) FV = PV/(1 + i)(n) [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction]Answer: (a)19.The earnings of BGB Computers have grown from $ to $ in 6 years. Determine the annualcompound rate.(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)20.In five years you intend to go to graduate school. For each of your four years in graduateschool, you need to have a fund that will provide $25,000 per year at the beginning of each year. If the interest rate is 9% throughout, how much must you put in the fund today?(a)$64,996(b)$57,379(c)$50,184(d)$16,249Answer: (b)21.As part of your new job at CyberInc. the company is providing you with a new Jeep. Yourfirm will lease this $34,000 Jeep for you. The terms of the lease are seven annual payments at an interest rate of 10%, which will fully amortize the cost of the car. What is the annual lease payment?(a)$6,(b)$5,(c)$4,(d)$3,Answer: (a)22.A rule of thumb with using the internal rate of return is to invest in a project if the IRR is________ the opportunity cost of capital.(a)greater than(b)less than(c)less than or equal to(d)one-half ofAnswer: (a)23.When considering the timeframe of an investment, a rule followed by some is to choose theinvestment with ______ payback period.(a)the longest(b)the shortest(c)no(d)an infiniteAnswer: (b)24.A major problem with using the internal rate of return rule is ________.(a)there may be multiple cash outflows and multiple cash inflows(b)the internal rate of return may not exist(c)the internal rate of return may not be unique(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)25.The NPV is the difference between the ________ value of all ________ cash inflowsminus the ________ value of all current and future cash outflows.(a)future; present; present(b)present; future; present(c)present; present; future(d)present; future; futureAnswer: (b)26.When considering effective interest rates, as the compounding frequency increases, theeffective annual rate gets ________ and ________ but approaches ________.(a)larger; larger; a limit(b)smaller; smaller; a limit(c)larger; larger; infinity(d)smaller; smaller; infinityAnswer: (a)27.In 10 years you wish to own your business. How much will you have in your bankaccount at the end of 10 years if you deposit $300 each quarter (assume end of the period deposits) Assume the account is paying an interest rate of 12% compounded quarterly.(a)$20,220(b)$21,060(c)$21,626(d)$22,620Answer: (d)28.The director of marketing for CyberProducts Inc. plans to unleash a media blitz that isexpected to cost $ million three years from today. How much cash should she set aside today to pay for this if the current interest rate is 11%(a) $ million(b) $ million(c) $ million(d) $ millionAnswer: (d)29.If you purchased a $10,000 certificate of deposit today with an APR of 12%, with monthlycompounding, what would be the CD worth when it matures in 6 years?(a) $56,340(b) $20,468(c) $19,738(d) $5,066Answer: (b)30.The manufacturing manager of CyberProducts Inc. estimates that she can save the company$16,000 cash per year over the next 8 years by implementing a recycling plan. What is the value of the savings today if the appropriate interest rate for the firm is 9% Assume cash flows occur at the end of the year.(a) $64,240(b) $88,557(c) $96,527(d) $128,000Answer: (b)31.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the French Franc is $ per French Franc, thedollar interest rate is % per year, and the French Franc interest rate is % per year, what is the "break-even" value of the future dollar/French Franc exchange rate one year from now?32.a)$ per FFb)$ per FFc)$ per FFd)$ per FFAnswer: (a)33.In any time value of money calculation, the cash flows and the interest rate must bedenominated ________.a)in the same currencyb)in different currenciesc)in terms of a third currencyd)in terms of the ECUAnswer: (a)34.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the Japanese yen is $ per yen, the dollarinterest rate is 6% per year, and the Japanese interest rate is 7% per year, what is the“break-even” value of the future dollar/yen exchange rate one year from now?35.a)$ per yenb)$ per yenc)$ per yend)$ per yenAnswer: (d)36.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in a Swiss projector an American project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $15,000. The Swiss project will pay you 17,100 Swiss Francs per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will pay you $11,000 per year for 6 years. The dollar interest rate is 5% per year, the Swiss Franc interest rate is 6% per year, and the current dollar price of a Swiss Franc is $ per Swiss Franc.Which project has the higher NPVa)the . project; its NPV is $55,832b)the . project; its NPV is $40,833c)the Swiss project; its NPV is $42,179d)the Swiss project; its NPV is $57,178Answer: (c)37.The ________ is the rate denominated in dollars or in some other currency, and the________ is denominated in units of consumer goods.a)nominal interest rate; inflation interest rateb)nominal interest rate; real interest ratec)real interest rate; inflation interest rated)real interest rate; nominal interest rateAnswer: (b)38.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in a British projector . project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $55,000. The British project will pay you 30,000 pounds per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will generate $40,000 per year for 6 years. The British interest rate is 5% per year, and the American interest rate is 6% per year; the current dollar price of a pound sterling is $ per pound sterling. Which project has the higher NPV?39.a)choose the . one, it has a NPV of $196,693b)choose the . one, it has a NPV of $141,693c)choose the British one, it has a NPV of $248,506d)choose the British one, it has a NPV of $193,506Answer: (d)40.What is the real interest rate if the nominal interest rate is 9% per year and the rate ofinflation is 6% per year?a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (c)41.What is the nominal interest rate if the real rate of interest is % and the rate of inflation is6% per year?42.a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (b)43.What is the real rate of interest if the inflation rate is 6% per year and the nominal interestrate per year is %a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (b)pute the real future value, to the nearest dollar, of $2,000 in 35 years time. The realinterest rate is %, the nominal interest rate is %, and the rate of inflation is 5%.a)$6,023b)$6,853c)$33,223d)$11,032Answer: (a)45.The real interest rate is %, the nominal interest rate is % and the rate of inflation is 5%. Weare interested in determining the future value of $200 in 35 years time. What is the future price level?46.a)b)c)d)Answer: (c)47.Suppose your child is 9 years old and you are planning to open a fund to provide for thechild’s college education. Currently, tuition for one year of college is $22,000. How much must you invest now in order to pay enough for the first year of college nine years from now, if you think you can earn a rate of interest that is 4% more than the inflation rate?a)$21,154b)$16,988c)$15,585d)$15,457Answer: (d)48.Suppose you have a child who is 10 years old and you are planning to open a fund to providefor the child’s college education. Currently, tuition for one year is $22,000. Your child is planning to travel for two years before starting college. How much must you invest now in order to pay enough for the first year of college ten years from now, if you think you can earn a rate of interest that is 5% more than the inflation rate?a)$10,190b)$13,506c)$13,660d)$20,952Answer: (b)49.When considering a plan for long run savings, if one does not have an explicit forecast ofinflation, then one can make plans in terms of:a)constant real payments and a real rate of interestb)constant nominal payments and a nominal rate of interestc)constant real payments and a nominal rate of interestd)constant nominal payments and a real rate of interestAnswer: (a)50.If the real rate is 4% and the rate of inflation is 6%, what is the nominal rate?a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (c)51.You have an investment opportunity with a nominal rate of 6% compounded daily. If youwant to have $100,000 in your investment account in 15 years, how much should you deposit today, to the nearest dollar?a.$43,233b.$41,727c.$40,930d.$40,660Answer: (d)52.You have determined the present value of an expected cash inflow stream. Which of thefollowing would cause the stream to have a higher present value?a)The discount rate increases.b)The cash flows are paid over a shorter period of time.c)The discount rate decreases.d)Statements (b) and (c) are both correct.Answer: (d)Short Problems1.CyberNow is opening an office in the . CyberNow expects cash flows to be $500,000 for thefirst year, $530,000 for the second year, $560,000 in the third year. If CyberNow uses 12 percent as its discount rate, what is the present value of the cash flows Assume cash flows are made at the end of the year.Answer: PV = FV/(1 + i)n= 500,000/1 + 530,000/2 + 560,000/3= 446,429 + 422,513 + 398,597= $1,267,5392. GeorgiaSun Inc. has preferred stock that pays an annual dividend of $. If the security has nomaturity (an “infinite” life), what is its value to an investor who wishes to obtain an percent rate of return?Answer: PV of a level Perpetuity = $= $3.Let us suppose you have a choice between investing in a bank savings account that pays 9%compounded annually (Bank Yearly) and one that pays % compounded daily (Bank Daily).(Assume this is based on 365 days). Using only effective annual rates, which bank would you prefer?4.Answer: Effective annual rate: Bank Yearly = 9%Effective annual rate: Bank Daily = [1 + 365]365 – 1= %You would prefer Bank Yearly because you will earn more money.5.Steptoe’s bank account has a floating interest rate on certain deposits. That is, every yearthe interest rate is adjusted. Four years ago Steptoe deposited $35,000 into the bank account, when interest rates were 6%. The following year the rate was %, last year the rate was 8% and this year the rate fell to %. How much will be in his account at the end of the year Assume annual compounding.Answer: Amount = $35,000 x x x x= $45,6.Calculate the net present value of the following cash flows: you invest $4,000 today andreceive $400 one year from now, $900 two years from now and $2000 three years from now.Assume the interest rate is 9%.Answer: NPV = $400/ +$900/2 + $2,0003 –$4,000= $ + $ + $1, – $4,000= $ -1,7.The manufacturing manager of CyberNow Inc. estimates that she can save the company$20,000 cash per year over the next 5 years by implementing a recycling plan. What is the value of the savings today if the appropriate interest rate for the firm is 8%. Assume that cash flows occur at the end of the year.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result5 8 ? 0 $20,000 PV = $79,8.Stroll Inc. has been offered a $2,000,000 jet under a 10 year loan agreement. The loanrequires Stroll Inc. to make equal, annual, end-of-year payments that include both principal and interest on the outstanding balance. The interest rate on the loan is 11%. Calculate the amount of these annual payments.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result10 11 –$2,000,000 0 ? PMT = $339,9.Herb Flint decides to put $2,000 a year into an IRA fund over his 35 year working life andthen retire. Assume the deposits are made at the end of the year. If the account earns 11% compounded annually, what will Herb have in the account when he retiresAnswer:n i PV FV PMT Result35 11 0 ? $2,000 FV = $683,10.Regarding retirement funds, there is some debate as to whether investors should invest atthe beginning of the year rather than at the end of the year. If an investor invests $2,000 per year at 12% over a 35 year period, what is the difference between the two funds?Answer: End of Year Fund:n i PV FV PMT Result35 12 0 ? $2,000 PV = $863,Under an immediate annuity the entire amount earns interest for an additional year. So the FV for the immediate annuity is $863, X = $996,.Therefore the difference between the funds is: $996, – $863, = $103,11.You have the chance to buy a bond for $900 that will make one payment of $1,100 six yearsfrom today. What is the internal rate of return in the bond’s cash flows?Answer: 900(1 + i)6 = 1,100(1 + i)6 =i = 1/6 - 1i= %12.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in an Australianproject or an American project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $20,000. TheAustralian project will pay you Aust $40,000 per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will generate $25,000 per year for 6 years. The Australian dollar interest rate is 6% per year and the American interest rate is 5% per year; the current dollar price of an Australian dollar is $ per Australian dollar. Which project has the higher NPV?13.Answer:American Project:n i PV FV PMT PV Result6 5 ? 0 $25,000 $126,892Australian Project:n i PV FV PMT PV Result6 6 ? 0 $40,000 $196,693 (Aust)NPV US project = $126,892 - $20,000 = $106,892Today the Australian project is worth A$196,693 x $ per Aust= $127, (in . dollars)NPV Aust project = $127, - $20,000 = $107,Choose the Australian project since it has a higher NPV.14.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the Dutch Guilder is $ per Guilder, the dollarinterest rate is 7% per year and the Dutch interest rate is 8% per year, what is the “break-even” value of the future dollar/Guilder exchange rate one year from now?15.Answer:Today One Year From Now$1 @7% $Guilders @8% Guilders“Break-even” point = $ Guilders= $ per Guilder16.What is the real rate of interest if the nominal rate is % per year and the rate of inflation is7% per year?17.18.Answer:Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate – rate of inflation1 + rate of inflation= –=Real interest rate = %19.I have $200 today and am interested in finding out what its equivalent real future value willbe in 40 years. What are the two ways I have available to me in computing the real future value?Answer:pute the future value using the real rate of interest.pute the nominal future value using the nominal rate, and then deflate it tofind the real future value.20.The real rate of interest is %, the nominal rate of interest is % and the rate of inflation is %.What is the real future value of $2,000 in 40 years time Show both methods.Answer:Method One:Real future value = $,2000 x= $8,741Method Two:Nominal future value = $2,000 x= $108,Future price level ==Real FV = nominal future valuefuture price level= $108, = $8,74121.As part of your new job at CyberInc. the company is providing you with a new Jeep. Yourfirm will lease this $34,000 Jeep for you. The terms of the lease are seven annual payments at an interest rate of 10%, which will fully amortize the cost of the car. Assuming that all payments are made on time and no additional money is paid towards the lease in any year, what percent of the 5th payment will go towards repayment of principal?22.23.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result7 10 –$34,000 0 ? PMT = $6,The monthly payment = $6,Of the monthly payment, principal = $5,247% principal repayment in 5th payment =$5,247/$6,= %24.You have decided to buy a car that costs $35,000. The dealer offers you a 5 year loan withmonthly payments of $814 per month. What is the annual interest rate on the loan?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result60 ? –$35,000 0 $814 i =The annual nominal interest rate = * 12= % per year25.A subscription to the magazine “National Tattler” states that you can purchase a one yearsubscription for $45 today, which can be renewed after a year at this rate. Alternately, you can purchase a two year subscription for $80 today. If you wish to subscribe to the magazine for two years and your required rate of return is 9% per year, which subscription offershould you choose?Answer:PV of the two year subscription = $80PV of one year subscription and renewal = $45 + 45/= $The two year subscription is the cheaper alternative.Longer Problems1.Heathcliff is currently 25 years old and expects to retire at age 65. Suppose that Heathclifftakes a job immediately and can earn $35,000 for the remainder of his working life. What is the present value of his future earnings?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result40 5 ? 0 $35,000 PV = $600,5682.In order to finance your dream home, you are considering borrowing $120,000. The annualpercentage rate is 9% and payments are made annually over 5 years. Construct the loan-amortization schedule for the annual paymentsAnswer:n i PV FV PMT Result5 9 –$120,000 0 ? PMT = $30,856Loan Amortization Schedule is as follows:3.You are 60 years old and are considering whether it pays to buy an annuity from aninsurance company. For a cost of $25,000, the insurance company will pay you $3,000 per year for the rest of your life. If you can earn 8% per year on your money in a bank account and expect to live until age 80, is it worth buying the annuity What implied interest rate is the insurance company paying youAnswer: First compute the present value of the annuity.n i PV FV PMT Result20 8 ? 0 $3,000 PV = $29,Now compute the NPV of the investment of the annuity:NPV = $29, - $25,000= $4,So the annuity looks worth buying.To compute the implied interest rate on the annuity, we need to find thediscount rate that makes the NPV zero. On a financial calculator, we find theanswer to be % per year.4. Gemma Peel is 30 years today and she wishes to accumulate enough money over the next 35 years to provide for a 20 year retirement annuity of $100,000 at the beginning of each year, starting with her 65th birthday. Assume the rate of the return over the entire period will be 11%. What is the present value of this annuity?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result20 11 ? 0 $100,000 PV = $883,9295. The exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the . dollar is currently $ per Canadiandollar, the dollar interest rate is 6% per year, and the Canadian dollar interest rate is 7% per year. You have $100,000 in a one-year account that allows you to choose between either currency and it pays the corresponding interest rate. What is the “break-even” value of the dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate one year from now?Answer:. today One year from now $1 @6% $Canadian today One year from now$(Cdn) @7% $“Break-even” point = $ (Cdn dollar)= $ per Canadian dollar6.Assume that you have just taken out a $300,000 30 year mortgage with monthly paymentsat an annual 8 percent rate. At the end of the 3rd year (after 36 payments), you begin paying an additional $100 each month towards the mortgage. That is, for months 37 onward you make the scheduled payment plus an extra $100 each month. To the nearest whole number, how many additional payments (payments in addition to the first 36) must you make before the mortgage is paid off?7.8.Answer:First compute the monthly payment-PV FV Interest N Result________-300,000 0 360 360 PMT = $2,Initially, you made $2, for the first three years. After 36 payments, the remaining balance = $291,. After period 37, compute number ofadditional payments now that your monthly payment is $2,.PV FV Interest PMT Result__-$291, 0 $2, N = 281You must make 281 additional payments before the mortgage is paid off.9.The company you work for has been experiencing financial difficulties and has just filed areorganization plan. Three years ago, one of the firm’s creditors lent the firm $80,000 on a ten year annual payment loan at a 15% interest rate. Immediately after the firm made the third payment, as a result of the court settlement, the creditor agreed to decrease thecurrent outstanding balance of the loan by 20%, to lower the interest rate to 10%, and to increase the remaining term of the loan to 15 years. What will be the new annual payments on the firm’s loan, assuming all these changes take place?Answer:Under the original plan, your firm had annual payment obligations of:n i PV FV PMT Result10 15 –$80,000 0 ? PMT = $15,940Originally, your firm had to pay $15,940 per year to its creditors.After the third balance, the remaining balance = $66,318Under the new arrangement, new outstanding balance = $66,318 X= $53,054Under the new payment arrangement, annual payments are:n i PV FV PMT Result15 10 –$53,054 0 ? PMT = $6,10.Five banks offer CDs at the following stated annual percentage rates:Bank A: 10% APR compounded annuallyBank B: % APR compounded semiannuallyBank C: % APR compounded quarterlyBank D: % APR compounded monthlyBank E: % APR compounded dailyAnton has inherited $150,000 and decides to invest the money in a 20 year CD. He decides to invest the money with Bank E. If Anton had invested his money in the CD offering the best rate instead of Bank E, how much more money would he have had after 20 years?Answer:First determine the effective annual rates at each bank.Bank A: Effective Annual Rate = 10% per yearBank B: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank C: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank D: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank E: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBest Account = Bank BAfter 20 years, the FV at Bank B:n i PV FV PMT Result20 –$150,000 ? 0 FV = $1,016,Compare the above with the FV at Bank E after 20 years:n i PV FV PMT Result20 –$150,000 ? 0 FV = $981,If Anton had invested with Bank B, he would have earned $1,016, - $981, = $34, more.11.In order to care for their aged parents, Harold and Maude set aside today a capital sum tobe liquidated over the next 10 years. The desired income stream for their parents is $40,000, beginning one year from today and rising 6 percent per year each year thereafter. Harold and Maude estimate the investment earnings on the fund will be 9 percent per year. What amount must Harold and Maude set aside today to provide the desired income for their parents?Answer:Harold and Maude need to set up the following table and find the present value of the cashHarold and Maude need to set aside $324,702 today.。
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(金融市场和金融机构)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第2章金融市场和金融机构一、概念题1．柜台交易市场（over-the-counter markets）答：柜台交易市场又称“店头市场”或“场外市场”，是指在证券交易所之外的某一固定场所，供未上市的证券或不足成交批量的证券进行交易的市场。
柜台交易市场因买卖双方多通过电话、电报协商完成交易，故又称之为电话市场。
柜台交易市场的特点是：①属于场外交易，在柜台或通过电讯设施完成交易；②主要交易证券为各种债券和不能在证券交易所登记上市的股票；③证券交易价格由证券买卖双方协议成交。
2．资金流动（flow of funds）答：资金流动是指资金在金融体系内的流动，即资金在金融体系中不同的参与者之间的流动，或资金从盈余部门通过金融市场或金融中介机构流入赤字部门的过程。
资金流可以通过图2-2表示。
图2-2图2-2显示，资金盈余部门的一部分资金通过银行这样的金融中介（图的下方）流向赤字部门，还有一部分资金通过金融市场（图的上方），而不通过金融中介流向赤字部门。
3．道德风险（moral hazard）答：道德风险是指在委托-代理理论中，代理人为了追求自身利益最大化而不惜损害委托人利益的行为，即代理人不能为实现委托人的最大利益而努力工作。
当一个博弈的双方签订了合约以后（如经理雇用了一个职工，股东聘用了一个经理，保险公司接受了一个投保人的投保等），存在着有关某个参与者的行动的信息不对称（如经理不能观测到职工的工作努力水平，股东不能观测到经理的工作努力水平，保险公司不能观测到投保人对被保险的物品的保护程度等）。
信息经济学将拥有私人信息的这个参与者称为“代理人”，将没有私人信息的参与者称为“委托人”。
在这种情况下，理性的代理人会从自身利益最大化的角度来决定自己的行动，而这些行动很可能不符合委托人的利益，从而是委托人不希望代理人选择的，道德风险由此产生。
4．逆向选择（adverse selection）答：逆向选择是指掌握信息较多的一方利用对方对信息的无知隐蔽相关信息，获取额外利益，客观上导致不合理的市场分配行为。
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(对冲、投保和分散化)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第11章对冲、投保和分散化一、概念题1．远期合约（forward contract）答：远期合约是指交易双方签订的在未来某一时间、以特定的价格买卖某一特定数量和质量的金融资产或实物资产的书面协议，主要有远期商品合约、远期利率协议、远期外汇合约、远期股票合约等。
远期合约规定了将来交换的资产、交换的日期、交换的价格和数量，合约条款因双方的需要不同而不同。
远期合约的主要法律特征表现为：（1）远期合约交易属于场外交易。
远期合约的金额、数量、交割日期和方式等合同要件没有统一的标准和规格，均由当事人自行协商确定。
（2）双方当事人是确定相知的，以便于双方直接磋商达成协议。
（3）缺少了交易所和结算机构提供的担保，使得远期合约交易所面临的信用风险陡增。
为保证交易的安全，要求双方对彼此的信用、财务状况比较了解。
（4）远期合约交易结算可以通过结算机构进行，也可以由当事人自行进行结算。
（5）当事人通常采取实际交割的方式来履行合同，到期进行交货或付款。
2．远期价格（forward price）答：远期价格是指资产在未来某一日期交割时现在约定的价格。
如果远期价格高于即期价格，其价差为升水；反之，为贴水。
或者是远期外汇合约（forward exchange contract）中，由交易双方所确定的远期汇率；或者是远期利率协定（forward rate agreement）中，由交易双方所确定的协议利率。
3．即期价格（spot price）答：即期价格又称“现货价格”，与“远期价格”对称，是指在交易成交后的当天或两个交易日内便进行商品（包括证券、外汇等金融商品）和价款交付时所使用的价格。
4．面值（face value）答：面值是指标注在有价证券上的票面金额。
远期合约的面值是合约确定的交易数量乘以远期价格；债券面值是指债券发行时所设定的票面金额，代表着发行人借入并承诺于未来某一特定日期（如债券到期日）偿付给债券持有人的金额；股票面值是指股份公司在所发行的股票票面上标明的票面金额，表明每一张股票所包含的资本数额。
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解(市场估值原理)【圣才出品】
博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第7章市场估值原理一、概念题1．基本价值（fundamental value）答：资产的基本价值是指信息充分的投资者在自由竞争的市场上购买该资产时必须支付的价格，对应于资产的“市场价格”，即由市场供求决定的资产价格。
资产的市场价格与基本价值之间可能暂时存在差别，但在进行多数金融决策时，通常是先假定在竞争市场上资产的买卖价格能正确反映其基本价值。
该假设总体上是可以得到保证的，因为有许多信息充分的专业人士一直在努力寻求价格不正确的资产，并通过减少该资产的市场价格与基本价值之间的差别以获得利润。
2．一价定律（Law of One Price）答：一价定律说明，在竞争性市场上，如果两项资产是等同的，那么它们将倾向于拥有相同的市场价格。
从理论上讲，如果国家与国家之间不存在任何形式的贸易壁垒，且商品在不同国家之间的运输费用为零，那么任何一种商品在不同国家、按同种货币计量的价格应该是完全一样的。
由于这里的“一价”指的是用同种货币计量的价格，因而就涉及到不同国家货币之间的换算即汇率问题。
因此，该定律实际上揭示了不同国家的国内价格同相应汇率之间的一种基本联系。
若S（t）代表A国即期汇率，P A（t）和P B（t）分别表示在A国和在B国某特定商品的当前价格，那么对这种特定商品来说就满足以下的一价定律：P A（t）=S（t）P B（t）。
在现实世界中，由于运输费用不可能为零，且国家之间也不可能完全不存在贸易壁垒，因此一价定律实际上很难成立。
3．套利（arbitrage）答：一价定律由一项被称为套利的过程强行驱动，套利是为了从等同资产的价格差异中赚取真实利润而购买并立即售卖这些资产的行为。
交易者在期货市场上，在买入（或卖出）某种期货合约的同时，卖出（或买入）相关的另一种期货合约，以期在有利时机同时将这两种期货合约平仓，以获取差价收益。
套利对于保持现货和期货市场之间的价格关系来说非常重要，随着套利活动的频繁进行，两市场间的价格差距会逐渐缩小，并有助于使期货合约在期满时，价差趋于消失。
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Chapter FiveHousehold Savings and Investment DecisionsThis chapter contains 28 multiple choice questions, 10 short problems, and 9 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.Getting a professional degree can be evaluated as ________.a) a social security decisionb)an investment in human capitalc)an investment in a consumer durabled) a tax exempt decisionAnswer: (b)2.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and invest $10,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (c)3.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%.You are 30 years before your retirement date and have $10,000 to invest. If you invest this in an ordinary savings plan instead of a tax deferred retirement plan, what amount will you have accumulated at retirement?a)$51,445b)$64,000c)$80,501d)$100,627Answer: (a)4.When your tax rate remains unchanged, the benefit of tax deferral can be summarized in therule, “deferral earns you ________.”a)the after-tax rate of return before taxb)the pretax rate of return after taxc)the after-tax rate of return after taxd)the pretax rate of return before taxAnswer: (b)5.From an economic perspective, professional training should be undertaken if the ________exceeds the ________.a)future value of the benefit; present value of the costsb)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsc)future value of the benefits; future value of the costsd)present value of the benefits; future value of the costsAnswer: (d)6.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 30% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 6%.You are 35 years before your retirement date and $2,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes?a)$7,532b)$10,760c)$12,298d)$15,372Answer: (b)7.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s human capital?a)$31,797b)$35,c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (c)8.Kecia is currently thirty years old and she plans to retire at age sixty. She is expected to liveto age eighty-five. Her labor income is $45,000 per year and she intends to maintain aconstant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Kecia’s permanent income?a)$31,797b)$35,c)$778,141d)$994,888Answer: (b)9.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’s human capital?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,Answer: (b)10.Oscar is currently thirty-five year old, plans to retire at age sixty-five, and to live to ageeighty-five. His labor income is $40,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Oscar’spermanent income?a)$884,344b)$691,681c)$39,999d)$32,Answer: (d)11.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year, and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. If the real after-tax rate is 2.52%, should you rent or buy?a)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $476,190b)rent the house; the PV cost of renting is $309,524c)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $442,d)buy the house; the PV cost of owning is $371,429Answer: (d)12.You are currently renting a house for $12,000 per year and you also have an option to buy itfor $240,000. Maintenance and property taxes are estimated to be $4,320, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($2,880 of the $4,320) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real after-tax rate is 2.52%. What is the break-even rent?a)$6,b)$9,360c)$10,128d)$12,302Answer: (b)13.As one gets older, the ________ declines, so ________ falls steadily until it reaches zero atage 65.a)future value of remaining labor income; human capitalb)future value of remaining labor income; initial wealthc)present value of remaining labor income; human capitald)present value of initial wealth; optimizationAnswer: (c)14.Any lifetime consumption spending plan that satisfies your budget constraint is:a)an optimal modelb) a feasible planc) a model benefitd) a target replacementAnswer: (b)15.There is an advantage to tax deferred retirement savings plans for those ________ when themoney is withdrawn.a)who will be in a lower tax bracketb)who will be in the same tax bracketc)both (a) and (b)d)neither (a) nor (b)Answer: (c)16.In the United States, individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are called ________ rather than________ because any amounts withdrawn from the plan are taxed at the time of withdrawal.a)tax advantaged; tax deferredb)tax deferred; tax exemptc)tax advantaged; tax loopholesd)tax exempt; tax deferredAnswer: (b)17.The present value of one’s future labor income is called ________ and the constant level ofconsumption spending that has a present value equal to one’s human capital is called________.a)human income; taxable incomeb)human capital; permanent incomec)permanent capital; taxable incomed)permanent income; human capitalAnswer: (b)18.The ________ the interest rate, the ________ the value of human capital, but the higher thelevel of permanent income.a)lower; lowerb)higher; lowerc)higher; higherd)lower; higherAnswer: (b)19.The ________ states that the present value of one’s lifetime consumption spending andbequests equals t he present value of one’s initial wealth and future labor income.a)consumption budget constraintb)spending constraintc)intertemporal budget constraintd)income and spending constraintAnswer: (c)20.According to the text, many experts recommend that in making a savings plan one should aimfor a replacement rate of ________ of pre-retirement income.a)100%b)25%c)50%d)75%Answer: (d)21.Economic costs that are said to be explicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)foregone rentc)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)22.Economic costs that are said to be implicit costs include items such as ________.a)tuitionb)administrative fees while undertaking a professional degreec)foregone earningsd)all of the aboveAnswer: (c)23.In making lifetime saving/consumption decisions it is considered simpler to do the analysis________.a)in nominal termsb)in inflationary termsc)in perpetual termsd)in real termsAnswer: (d)24.In terms of a lifetime saving/consumption decision such as buying or renting an apartment ora consumer durable, the alternative you should choose is ________.a)the one with the lower present value of benefitsb)the one with the lower present value of costsc)the one with the higher present value of costsd)the one with the lower present value of benefits and the higher present costsAnswer: (b)25.Among the approaches you can use for saving for your retirement is/are ________.a)aiming to maintain the same level of consumption spending before and afterretirementb)aiming for a target replacement rate of incomec)bypassing graduate school and continuing to consume at the same leveld)(a) and (b)Answer: (d)26.In the equation known as the intertemporal budget constraint, ________.a)the present value of lifetime consumption spending equals the present value ofbequestsb)the present value of lifetime consumption spending and bequests equals the presentvalue of lifetime resourcesc)the present value of lifetime consumption spending equals the future value of laborincomed)the future value of lifetime consumption spending equals the present value of laborincomeAnswer: (b)27.Salman is currently twenty-five years old and plans to live to age eighty. His labor income is$75,000 per year and he plans to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Salman plans to retire at age 60. Assume the real interest rate is 5% per year and there are no taxes and no growth in real labor income. What is the value ofSalman’s permanent income?a)$75,000b)$65,906c)$85,348d)$1,228,064Answer: (b)28.You are currently renting a house for $25,800 a year and you have an option to buy it for$350,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $6,150 per year and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($4,150 of the $6,150) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. The real after-tax rate is 3.5%. What is the break-even rent?a)$16,770.00b)$16,947.50c)$21,102.46d)$24,927.54Answer: (b)Short Problems1.You are currently renting a house for $17,000 a year and you also have an option to buy it for$300,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $5,040 per year and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($3,360 of the $5,040) are deductible for income tax purposes.Your tax rate is 40%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real after-tax rate is 3.1% per year. Should you rent or buy? What is the break-even rent?Answer:After-tax outflow for property taxes each year is 0.6 x $3,360 = $2,016Cash outflow in year t = $1,680 + $2,016= $3,696PV cost of owning = $300,000 + $3,696/i= $300,000 + $3696/0.= $419,226PV cost of renting = $17,000/i= $17,000/0.= $548,387You would be better off buying the house.Break-even rent: X/0. = $300,000 +$3,696/0.X = $12,996The break-even rent is $12,996.So if the rent is less than $12,996 per year, you would prefer to keep renting.2.You are currently renting a house for $16,000 a year and you also have an option to buy it for$250,000. Property taxes and maintenance care is $5,000 per year, and these costs areincluded in your rent. Property taxes ($3,200 of the $5,000) are deductible for income tax purposes. Your tax rate is 40%. You wish to provide yourself with housing at the lowest present value of cost. The real before-tax discount rate is 3.5% per year. Should you rent or buy? What is the break-even rate?Answer:Real after-tax rate = 0.6 x 0.= 0.After-tax cash outflow for property taxes each year is 0.6 x $3,200 = $1,920Cash outflow for year t = $1,800 + $1,920= $3,720PV cost of owning = $250,000 + $3,720/i= $250,000 + $3,720/0.= $427,143PV cost of renting = $16,000/i= $16,000/0.= $761,905You would be better off buying the house.To find the break-even rent:X/0. = $250,000 + $3,720/0.X = $8,970So if the rent is less than $8,970 per year, you would be better off renting.3.Kieran is currently twenty-five years old, plans to retire at age sixty, and to live to age eighty.His labor income is $45,000 per year, and he intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Assuming a real interest rate of 3%, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income, what is the val ue of Kieran’s human capital? What is the value of Kieran’s permanent income?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result35 3 ? 0 45,000 PV = $966,925n i PV FV PMT Result55 3 $966,925 0 ? PMT = $36,114The value of Kieran’s human capital is $966,925.The value of Kieran’s permanent income is $36,114.4.Mariana is currently thirty years old, plans to retire at age seventy and to live to age ninety.Her labor income is $60,000 per year, and she intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next sixty years. Assuming a real interest rate of 4% per year, no taxes and no growth in real labor income, what is the value of Mariana’s human capital?What is the value of Mariana’s permanent income?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result40 4 ? 0 60,000 PV = $1,187,566n I PV FV PMT Result60 4 $1,187,566 0 ? PMT = $52,493The value of Mariana’s human capital is $1,187,566.The value of Mariana’s permanent income is $52,493.5.Your employer, Novocastrian Films, has agreed to make 60 quarterly payments of $1,000each into a trust account to fund your early retirement. The first payment will be made 3months from now. At the end of 15 years (60 payments), you will be paid 15 equal annual payments, with the first receipt to be made at the beginning of Year 16 (or the end of Year15). The funds will be invested at a nominal rate of 10.0%, quarterly compounding, duringboth the accumulation and the distribution periods. How large will each of your 15 receipts be?Answer:First determine the effective annual rate:EFF = (1 + 0.10/4)4–1= 10.38%Next, determine amount at end of year 15N I PMT Result_____________15 10.38 $4000 FV = $130,983.39At the end of year 15, there will be $130,983.39 in your retirement account.Since you will be making withdrawals at the beginning of each year, PV = $130,983/(1 +i), or $118,625.10.N I PV Result___________15 10.38 -$118,625.10 PMT = $15,935.89Each of the receipts will be $15,935.896.Mr. Palin has received a job offer from a large investment bank as an assistant to the vicepresident and Mr. Palin’s base salary will be $90,000. In addition, he will receive his first annual salary payment one year from the day he begins work. He will also get an immediate $45,000 bonus for joining the company and his salary will grow at 8 percent each year. Mr.Palin is expected to work for 20 years. What is the present value of the offer if the appropriate discount rate is 11 percent?Answer:Simplest approach is to set up a spreadsheet like:Year PMT PV11%0 45,000 45,0001 90,000 81,.082 97,200 78,889.70. . .. . .. . .19 359,641.75 49,514.6320 388,413.10 $48,176.39Total: $1,310,649.82The present value of the offer is $1,310,649.827.Natalia will face a tax rate of 25% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 9%. She is35 years from her retirement date and invests $5,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If shechooses to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will she be left with after paying taxes?Answer:$5,000 x 1.0935 = $102,069After taxes this leaves $102,069 x 0.75 = $76,5528.Damian is currently twenty-five years old and plans to live to age eighty. His labor income is$80,000 per year, and he plans to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next fifty-five years. Damian plans to retire at age 60. Assume the real interest rate is 5% per year and there are no taxes and no growth in real labor income. What is the value ofDamian’s human capital? What is the value of Damian’s permanent income?Answer:N I PV FV PMTResult_________35 5 ? 0 $80,000 PV =$1,309,936N I PV FV PMT Result________55 5 $1,309,936 0 ? PMT = $70,300Damian’s huma n capital is $1,309,936.Damian’s permanent income is $70,300.9.You are currently renting a house for $25,800 a year and you have an option to buy it for$350,000. Maintenance and property taxes are $6,150 per year, and these costs are included in your rent. Property taxes ($4,150 of the $6,150) are deductible for tax purposes. Your tax rate is 35%. The real after tax rate is 3.5%. What is the NPV of the investment in the house?Answer:After-tax outflow for property taxes each year is 0.65 x $4,150 = $2,697.50Cash outflow in year t = $2,697.50 + $2,000= $4,697.50PV cost of owning = $350,000 + $4,697/0.= $350,000 + $134,214= $484,214PV cost of renting = $25,800/0.= $737,143So the NPV of investing in the house instead of renting is $737,143 – $484,214 = $252,929.10.Carson will face a tax rate of 30% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 6%. He is32 years from his retirement date and invests $3,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If hechooses to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will he be left with after paying taxes? Show how to find the answer using the rule, “Deferral earns you the pretax rate of return after tax.”Answer:If Carson paid the initial tax he would have $3,000 x 0.7 = $2,100 to invest.Investing $2,100 at the pretax rate of 6% would result in $2,100 x 1.0632 = $13,552Longer Problems1.Tamara is currently twenty-eight years old, plans to retire at age seventy and to live to ageninety. Her labor income is $50,000 per year, and she intends to maintain a constant level of real consumption spending over the next sixty-two years. Assume no taxes, no growth in real labor income and a real interest rate of 4% per year.(a)What is the value of Tamara’s human capital?(b)What is the value of Tamara’s permanent income?Answer:(a) N I PV FV PMT Result42 4 ? 0 $50,000 PV =$1,009,281(b) N I PV FV PMT Result62 4 $1,009,281 0 ? PMT =$44,261The valu e of Tamara’s human capital is $1,009,281The value of Tamara’s permanent income is $44,2612.You have just turned twenty-eight years of age and feel it is necessary to upgrade yourqualifications. After some consideration, you feel that undertaking full-time study for an MBA degree is one alternative. For the two years of full-time study, tuition and livingexpenses will be $25,000 per year. In addition, you will have to give up your current job witha salary of $35,000 per year. Assume all cash flows occur at the end of the year. Assume areal interest rate of 4% per year, ignoring taxes. Also assume that the salary increase is at a constant real amount that starts after you complete your degree (at the end of the yearfollowing graduation) and lasts until retirement at age sixty-five. In order to justify theinvestment, by how much does your salary have to increase as a result of getting the MBA degree?Answer:Find the FV of tuition and foregone salary at the end of two years:N i PV FV PMT Result________2 4 0 ? 60,000 FV = $122,400Find the increase in salary that has this amount as its PV:n i PV FV PMT Result_______35 4 $122,400 0 ? PMT = $6,5583.At the age of thirty Terry was earning $30,000 and decided to undertake an MBA to increasehis earning potential. Two years later Terry has his degree and has achieved a constant real increase of $5,898 in his annual salary that will last until he retires at age sixty. If Terry lives to the age of ninety, what will be the value of his human capital and permanent income?Assume a real interest rate of 2.52% per year, no taxes, and no growth in real labor income.Answer:New base salary = $30,000 + $5,898 = $35,898n i PV FV PMT Result________28 2.52 ? 0 $35,898 PV = $714,899n i PV FV PMT Result________58 2.52 $714,899 0 ? PMT = $23,584The value of Terry’s human capital is $714,899.The value of Terry’s permanent income is $23,584.4.Juliet currently rents an apartment but has the option to buy it for $185,000. Property taxesare $2,000 per year and are deductible for income tax purposes. Annual maintenance costs are $1,800 per year, but are not tax deductible. Juliet expects that the above taxes willincrease at the rate of inflation. Her income tax rate is 35%, and she can earn a before-tax real interest rate of 5% per year. If Juliet buys the apartment she plans to keep it forever. What is the “break-even” annual rent such that Juliet would buy the apartment if the rent exceeded this amount?Answer:Real after-tax rate = 0.65 x 0.05= 0.0325 (or 3.25%)After-tax annual outflow for property taxes each year is 0.65 x $2,000 = $1,300Break-even rent: X/0. = $185,000 + $3,100/0.0325X = 0.($185,000) + $3,100X = $6,012.50 + $3,100X = $9,112.50So the break-even rent is $9,112.50.5.Anton’s retirement goal is to set aside an amount of money each year into a savings accountuntil he retires so that he can withdraw $80,000 each year during his retirement. He expects to retire in thirty years and expects to live for twenty years following his retirement. Anton expects to be able to earn 9 percent per year on his account balance. Calculate the deposit Anton must make for Plan 1 and the amount of the deposit Anton must make for Plan 2.Plan 1: Anton's first deposit will be one year from today and his last deposit will betwenty-nine years from today. He intends to make his first withdrawal thirty years from today.Plan 2: Anton's first deposit will be today and his last deposit will be thirty years fromtoday. He intends to make his first withdrawal thirty one years from today.Answer:Plan 1N I PMT Result__________20 9 $80,000 PV = $730,283.65N I FV Result__________29 9 $730,283.65 PMT = $5,882.96Under Plan 1, Anton must deposit $5, 882.96Plan 2N I PMT Result__________20 9 $80,000 PV = $730,283.65(set to Begin mode)N I FV Result_______31 9 $730,283.65 PMT = $4,479Under Plan 2, Anton must deposit $4,479.6.Your 68 year old mother plans to retire in 2 years, and she expects to live independently for 3years. She wants a retirement income that has, in the first year, the same purchasing power as $60,000 has today. However, her retirement income will be of a fixed amount, so her real income will decline over time. Her retirement income will start the day she retires (2 years from today), and she will receive a total of 3 retirement payments. Inflation is expected to be constant at 6%. Your mother has $100,000 in savings now, and she can earn 9% on savings now and in the future. How much must she save each year, starting today, to meet herretirement goals?Answer:First of all, your mother needs the following payments at age 70-72:Age 70: $67,416Age 71: $71,460.96Age 72: $75,748.62At age 68, the PV of these cash flows = $165,585.90Your mother has already set aside $100,000So to calculate what she has to save:Set calculator to Begin modePV N I/Y Result$65,585.90 2 9 PMT = $34,205.097. A relative of yours has just turned 45 years old and plans on retiring in 15 years on her 60thbirthday. She is saving money today for her retirement and is establishing a retirementaccount with your office. She would like to withdraw money from her retirement account on her birthday each year until she dies. She would ideally like to withdraw $60,000 on her 60th birthday, and increase her withdrawals 10% a year through her 69th birthday (i.e., she would like to withdraw $141,476.86 on her 69th birthday). She plans to die on her 70th birthday, at which time she would like to leave $400,000 to her descendants. Your relative currently has $100,000. You estimate that the money in the retirement account will earn 11% a year over the next 25 years. Calculate how much your relative should deposit each year (at the end of each year).Answer:Between ages 60-70, cash flows look like:Year CF Get the PV of these withdrawals.6060,0006166,006272,600. .. .. .69141,476.9070400,000At age 60, PV = $717,124.72At age 45, PV = $149,882.18Relative already has $100,000Solve:N I PV Result_________15 11 $49,882.18 PMT = $6,936.888.Consider the following retirement plan. Today is January 1 and your employer will make a$100 contribution to your retirement plan at the end of January and this amount will increase by $100 each month through December 31. Thus in February you get $200 and then up to a $1,200 contribution on December 31. Thus at the end of each January, you will alwaysreceive $100 and the end of each December you will always receive $1,200. The employer will continue this contribution pattern for the next 25 years. You expect to receive a 12% quoted yield, compounded monthly, on your investments. How much money will be in your account when you retire?Answer:Determine what the monthly deposits are worth on annual basis:CF0 = 0, CF1= 100, …, CF12 = $1,200NPV = $7,182.38 at start of each year.Determine EFF = 12.68%Set calculator to Begin mode:N I PMT Result_____________25 12.68 $7,182.38 F = $1,,4879.Assume that you are planning for your financial future and you would like to fund all of yourfinancial needs by making monthly payments into an account that will pay 10 percent,compounded monthly. You plan to make these monthly payments for a total of 30 years with the first payment to be made one month from today. How much should your monthlypayments be?You need to use the following information:You have promised your partner that you will take a trip to Europe 3 years from today.a)You estimate that the trip will cost $10,000.b)You will retire in 30 years. If you could retire today you estimate that you wouldneed sufficient funds to purchase a 15 year fixed payment annuity that would pay$50,000 per year with the first payment to be received one year after you retire. Youassume that the price you will have to pay for the annuity will be based on an interestrate of 8.5 percent.Due to inflation, you estimate that the amount of the required annual annuitypayment will increase by 4 percent per year until the date you receive the firstpayment, but the annuity payment will remain fixed once you purchase the annuity.c)Your parents have promised to give you a piece of real estate in 5 years and today thereal estate is worth $12,000. You expect that the real estate will increase in value by9 percent per year. You plan to sell the real estate as soon as you receive it and toplace the proceeds in your account.d)You have already saved $15,000, which you will place in your account today.Answer:General strategy: get PV of each of the steps and then determine the monthly payment.Step a: N = 36I = 10/12 = 0.833FV = $10,000PV = $7,417.70Step b: Find FV of payment expected to increase:PV = $50,000, I/y = 4, N = 30, FV = $162,169.88PV at t = 30 of payments (annual compounding)PMT = $162,169.88, N = 15, I = 8.5PV = $1,346,697.05This is the lump sum need at t = 30 to buy the annuity.PV at t = 0 of the retirement annuity cost (monthly compounding)FV = $1,346,697.05, N = 360, I = 0.833PV = $67,886.77Step c: Value of land: FV = $18,463.49PV of land = ?FV = 18,463.49, N = 60, I = 0.833PV = ($11,222)Negative since it reduces the value neededFinally, SUM of all t = 0 present values:$7,417.40 + $67,886.77 + (11,222) + (15,000) = $49,082.17PV = $49,082.17n = 360I = 0.833CPT PMT = $430.73Monthly payment = $430.73。