中考形容词和副词的用法总结

中考形容词和副词的用法总结

形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词，形容词修饰名词和代词。副词修饰动词，形容词和其他副词或整个句子。

一形容词的构成

1 本身是形容词。如：good，happy等。

2 由名词加y构成：sun—sunny,wind—-windy,rain——rainy,flower—-flowery.

3.由名词+-able,+-ent,+-en,+-al,+-less,+-ful,+-ing,+-ive,等构成，如：comfort—comfortable，differ—different,nation—national, wood—wooden, care—- careful,care—careless, excite—-exciting, act—-active.

4.由名词+ly构成形容词，如：friendly，lonely, lovely，lively,likely,ugly,brotherly, motherly,fatherly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early,manly,orderly,deadly,等。

5 复合形容词如：

kind-hearted,warm-hearted,well-educated,good-looking,man-made,Harding-working,peace-lovin g,new-born, snow-white,duty-free.

二形容词的作用

1 做定语修饰名词和代词a good boy，something new,等。

2 做表语，He is happy.

3 作宾语补足语I found him hard-working.

4 作主语补足语He was found hard-working.(被动语态中）

5 做主语或宾语（前面加the）The new replaces the old.新事物代替旧事物。

6伴随状语Tired and hot, we have to stop to have a rest.

三形容词的位置

1 放在所修饰的名词前，a red coat.

2 放在不定代词的后面something important.

3 长宽高深等形容词放在数词+名词的后面，

如：five meters high/deep/wide/long, six years old,

4 enough 放在形容词和副词之后，名词前后均可。big enough,enough time.

5 一些以a-开头的表语形容词不能放在名词前面做定语，要放在名词后做后置定语，如：a man alive活着的人,a awake baby一个醒着的婴儿, a asleep baby一个睡着的婴儿,但是如果这些词本身带有副词修饰时，可以放在名词前面，如 a fast asleep baby 一个熟睡的婴儿the wide awake soldier十分清醒的士兵。

6在下列结构中，形容词要放在冠词前，so/how/as/too+adj.+a/an+n.

It is as pleasant a day as yesterday. How beautiful a park it is

It is too cold a day to go out. He is so clever a boy that heworks out the problem.

只做表语的形容词：ill,sorry,well,pleased,unable,sure,glad.

几组常见形容词的区别1much too,too much 2 hard,hardly 3 too,also,either,as well4 already,yet 5 loud,loudly,aloud6 some time,sometime,some times,sometimes7 ago,before 8 just,just now,now9 so such10 too enough

副词一副词的分类

1时间副词放在句末，，

2 地点副词放句末,地点副词与动词连用时，不加介词，go there,come here,

Turn left,turn right=turn to the right,go east ,go west,go upstairs,go downstairs, go abroad,

go somewhere/anywhere/everywhere, ......

3程度副词放在所修饰的词前面，enough除外

4 频度副词放在be,第一个助动词，情态动词的之后，行为动词之前。

5 关系副词连接定语从句when,where,why

6疑问副词构成特殊疑问句when,where,why,how....

7 连接副词连接名词性从句（宾语从句，表语从句，主语从句等

when ,where,why,how....

注意??方式状语，地点状语，时间状语，按这个顺序

二副词的构成

1 本身是副词very ,rather等。

2与形容词形式一样hard,early，late，high,wide ,deep 等。an early bus,get up early

the late changes,stay up late,200meters high,fly high ,50 feet deep,

on a hard floor,study hard

talk deep into the night谈到深夜，ten minutes late晚十分钟，arrive late, a wide street,open your mouth/eyes wide,be widely used.

3由形容词+ly构成，slow-slowly,quick-quickly,brave-,bravely,clear-clearly.

4 部分以-e结尾的形容词,去e+ly,构成副词。true-truly , possible-possibly, terrible-terribly,simple-simply,probable-probably. widely

5 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变副词要把y改成i再加ly,如：happy-happily。

6本身是副词，加上ly以后意义不同。

late lately ,hard hardly,close closely,like likely,deep deeply,high highly,wide widely,

goog ——well

三副词的作用

1作状语修饰动词rain heavily ,修饰形容词原形的词too,rather ,very,so quite ,修饰其他副词too fast,

修饰介词just behind the door,修饰从句This is exactly what I need,修饰其他词almost everyone,nearly 100 people,等。

2做后置定语the girl there,the population here.

3作表语，Who is in?

4作补语Let him out.

5 作介宾from abroad/here

几组常见副词的用法区别

1much too,too much 2 hard hardly 3 too ,also either, as well 4 already ,yet 5 loud,loudly6 some times ,sometimes,sometime,some time 7 too ,enough 8 ago before 9just,just now ,now10 so, such

形容词和副词的比较级最高级形式

一比较级的构成规则

1规则变化

2不规则变化

二 比较级的用法

一）原级比较句型 肯定句型 A....+as+adj,/adv.+as+B 和......一样.....

否定句型 A......+not+so/as+adj./adv. +as+B. A 不如B.....

降级比较A …+less+adj./adv.+than B .A 不如B......

二） 比较级句型 1 比较级+than +比较对象 No(other)+单数名词/no one=nobody/none+比较级+than......没有......比…更…。

No other way is better than this one.

No ( other)+单数名词/no one/nobody/none......+as/so+adj./adv.+as+.....

No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.

2 the+比较级…，the+比较级…越…，越…。

3 比较级+and+比较级，越来越…。

4 the+比较级+of the two.....,两者中较为…的一个。

5 疑问词+be+比较级，A or B?两者中最........?

能够修饰比较级的单词 much,far,even,still,any, rather ,a lot, a little,a bit,a great deal,

三）最高级句型

1....... the+最高级+可数名词单数+of/in/among......,......中最.......

2...... one of the+最高级+复数名词+of/in/among......,......最......之一。

3 特殊疑问词+ be+the +最高级，A, B or C ?三者中最........?

特殊疑问词+行为动词+副词最高级，A , B or C?Who runs fastest,Jim,Kate or Mike any other +单数名词

（all ）the other +复数名词

anyone else/anything else

any of the other +复数名词

4 ......the+序数词+最高级+单数可数名词+in （范围）在.....第几最.....

能修饰最高级的词by far,almost,nearly.....

比较级注意事项

1 比较对象必须是对等的即同类事物或人.It is colder in Beijing than in Shanghai.

2 句中后面的名词避免重复，使用that代替可数名词单数或不可数名词，用those 代替可数名词复数，也可以用the one代替单数可数名词。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.

The students in our class are stronger than those in their class.

The girl in red is taller than the one in green .

3 比较对象在同一范围内时用other把自身排除掉，不在同一范围内不用other

Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

Shanghai is bigger than any city in Africa.

4 no +比较级+than 两者均否定，译为“一样不”…not +比较级+than，两者均肯定，前者不如后者，译为“…不如…”

This problem is no more important than that one.这个问题和那个问题一样不重要。

This problem isn’t more important than that one.这个问题不如那个问题重要。

5 There are many more + 复数名词+地点A+ than +地点B

There are many more books in our school than in their school.

There is much more + 不可数名词+地点A+than+地点B

There is much more water in the sea than in the river.

6 than后主格和宾格区别当谓语是be动词,或不及物动词或动词宾语是物时，主格和宾格无区别。若than 后保留动词的话，用主格不能用宾格。

She is taller than he /him. She speaks English better than he/him.

Tom runs faster than I do(不能用me);

She speaks English better than he does.

当谓语动词是及物动词时，意义则不同，

如：I knows you better than he (knows you).此句是主语相比较，我比他更了解你

I like you better than(I know) him .和他相比，我更了解你（我了解你胜过了解他。）than是you时，助动词就不能省略了。She knows me better than you do.

7 a most interesting story十分有趣的故事，the most interesting story 最有趣的故事

四）倍数的表达

1 A+ be(或行为动词）+倍数+as+adj./adv.+as+B 。A是B的………倍

This room is three times as big as that one

2 A+be(或行为动词）+倍数+比较级+than +B。A比B……倍。

This room is three times bigger than that one.

3 A+be+倍数+the size(length,width,height,depth,weight...)+of B.

A 是B的……倍。This room is three times the size of that one.

4 A +be(行为动词）+ as +many+复数名词（much+不可数名词）+as +B

We see as many books as we can .we eat as much food as we can.

We have as many books as them.

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读理解

New York is 3 hours ahead of California, but it does not make California slow, or that New York is fast. Both are working based on their own “ Time Zone”（时区）.Someone graduated at the age of 22, yet waited 5 years before finding a good job! And there is another who graduated at 27 and got hired immediately!

Someone became a CEO at 25, and died at 50.While another became a CEO at 50, and lived to 90 years.

Someone is still single, while someone else got married and waited 10 years having a child. There is another who had a baby within a year of marriage.

Obama retires(退休) at 55, but Trump starts at 70.

Absolutely everyone in this world works based on their Time Zone. People can have things worked out only according to their pace. (步调)

People around you might seem to go ahead of you; some might seem to be behind you. But everyone is running their own race, in their own time.

Don't envy them or laugh at them. They are in their TIME ZONE, and you are in yours!

Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on, be strong, and stay true to yourself .Fight in your time zone.

So, RELAX. You're not LATE. You're not EARLY. You are very much ON TIME , and in your time zone destiny set up for you.

（1）When it's 8:00 in New York, what time is it in California?

A. 11:30

B. 5:00

C. 12:30

D. 11:00

（2）Which is true according to the passage?

A. We should get married earlier.

B. If you fall behind, you needn't to try hard.

C. Obama starts his job of president at a younger age than Trump.

D. Life is about waiting for the right TIME ZONE

（3）What's the meaning of the underlined word “ envy”?

A. 观摩

B. 嘲笑

C. 羡慕

D. 跟随（4）According to the passage, if you don't do well in your study now, you should______.

A. have a rest and wait

B. stay in your own TIME ZONE

C. stop to have a relax.

D. work hard and wait for the right moment.

（5）Which do you think is the best title?

A. Time Zone

B. Wait for the Right Moment

C. Fight in Your Time Zone

D. You Are on Time

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：纽约比加州早3个小时，但它不会让加州变慢，也不会让纽约跑得快。他们都是在属于自己的“时区”工作。有人在25岁时成为CEO，50岁去世，而有人在50岁时成为CEO，活到90岁。在这个世界上，每个人都是根据自己的时区工作的，人们只能按照自己的步调来做事。所以不要羡慕你周围的人们，也不要嘲笑他们，他们在自己的时区，而你在你的时区。生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗。

（1）推理计算题。根据New York is 3 hours ahead of California,纽约比加州早3个小时，可知当纽约是8点时加州应是8—3=5，所以加州应是5点，故答案选B。

（2）推理判断题。A根据Someone is still single, while someone else got married and waited 10 years having a child. There is another who had a baby within a year of marriage.可知文中说了有些人单身有些人结婚，有些人等10年才有孩子，而有些人结婚一年就有了孩子，但并没有提到说我们应该早点结婚，故A选项错误。B根据Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on, be strong, and stay true to yourself .Fight in your time zone.可知，生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗，所以并不是说你落后了，就不必努力了，故B选项错误。C根据Obama retires(退休) at 55, but Trump starts at 70.可知，奥巴马在55岁退休，但特朗普在70岁才开始，所以说奥巴马比特朗普年轻就开始了他的总统职位是正确的，故B选项正确。D根据Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on,可知，生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，而不是等待正确的时区，故D选项错误。本题问哪一个选项是正确的，故答案选C。

（3）词义猜测题。根据上文People around you might seem to go ahead of you; some might seem to be behind you.你周围的人可能会走在你前面，有些人可能会落在你的后面，以及Don't envy them or laugh at them.不要…他们或者嘲笑他们，可知此处是与上文对应的，对于落后你的人不要嘲笑他们，那么对于走在你前面的人也应该是不要“羡慕、嫉妒”他们，故答案选C。

（4）细节理解题。根据Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on, be strong, and stay true to yourself .Fight in your time zone. 生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗，可知，如果你现在学习不好，你应该努力工作，等待合适的时机，故答案选D。

（5）标题归纳题。通过对整篇文章的理解可知，每个人都是根据自己的时区工作的，人们只能按照自己的步调来做事。所以不要羡慕你周围的人们，也不要嘲笑他们，他们在自己的时区，而你在你的时区。所以生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗。故答案选C。

【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要有不同的解决策略。对于客观题，阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。对于主观题，不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。

2．阅读下面四篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

B

Think of life as a game in which you are playing with five balls in the air. You name them work, family, health, friends and spirit and you keep all of them in the air. You will soon understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce back.

But the other four balls, family, health, friends and spirit, are made of glass. If you drop one of these, it will be broken and never be the same. You must understand that and try to have balance in your life. How ?

Don't look down on your worth by comparing yourself with others. It is because we are different and each of us is special.

Don't let other people set goals for you. Only you know what is best for yourself.

Don't give up when you still have something to give. Nothing is really over until the moment you stop trying.

Don't be afraid of difficulties. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave.

Don't shut love out of your life by saying it's impossible. The quickest way to receive love is to give it; the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly; the best way to keep love is to give it wings.

Don't run through life so fast that you forget not only where you've been, but also where you are going.

Don't be afraid to learn. Knowledge is weightless. It's a treasure you can always carry easily.

Don't use time or words carelessly. You can't get them back. Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery*, and today is a gift; that's why we call it “the present”. Life is not a competition, but a trip, step by step.

（1）According to the passage, the best way to keep love is to ________.

A. say it's impossible

B. give it

C. give it wings

D. hold it tightly

（2）The underlined phrase “bounce back”means that__________.

A. reuse

B. recall

C. review

D. return

（3）According to the passage,which of the following is true?