会计概念英文名词解释讲课稿
会计专业英语名词解释
会计专业英语名词解释Chapter 11. Accounting: Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, recording, andcommunicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of the information.2. Accrual basis accounting: Accrual basis accounting refers to an accounting methodthat records financial events based on economic activity rather than financial activity.Under accrual accounting, revenue is recorded when it is earned and realized, regardless of when actual payment is received. Similarly, expenses are matched with revenue regardless of when they are actually paid.3. Balance sheet: Balance sheet is the financial statement showing the financial positionof an entity by summarizing its assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity at one sp ecific date.4. Business entity: Business entity refers to an economic unit that controls resources,incurs obligations, and engages in business activities.5. CAS: Chinese Accounting Standards refer to the accounting concepts, measurementtechniques, and standards of presentation used in financial statements made by the PRC Financial Apartment.6. Cash basis accounting: Cash basis accounting is a method of bookkeeping thatrecords financial events based on cash flows and cash position. Revenue is recognized when cash is received and expense is recognized when cash is paid out.7. Conservatism: Conservatism states that when alternative accounting valuations areequally possible, the accountant should select the one that is least likely to overstate assets and income in the current period.8. Consistency: Consistency means that a company uses the same accountingprinciples and methods from year to year.9. Continuity: Continuity refers to an accounting assumption, also known as thegoing-concern assumption, that the company will continue to operate in the near future, unless substantial evidence to the contrary exists.10. Corporation: Corporation is a business organized as a separate legal entity understate corporation law and having ownership divided into transferable shares of stock.11. Cost principle: Cost principle is a widely used principle of accounting for assets at theiroriginal cost to the current owner.12. Financial accounting: Financial accounting refers to the development and use ofaccounting information describing the financial position of an entity and the results of its operations.13. Financial position: Financial position refers to the financial resources and obligationsof an organization, as described in a balance sheet.14. Financial reporting: Financial reporting refers to the process of periodically providing“general-purpose”financial information (such as financial statements) to persons outside the business organization.15. Financial statements: Financial statements refer to the four related accounting reportsthe summarize the current financial position of an entity and the results of its operations for the preceding year ( or other time period).16. Full disclosure principle: Full disclosure principle requires that circumstances andevents that make a difference to financial statement users be disclosed.17. Going-concern assumption: Go-concern assumption is an assumption by accountantsthat a business will operate indefinitely unless specific evidence to the contrary, such as impending bankruptcy, exists.18. Historical cost: The historical cost of an asset is the exchange price in the transactionin which the asset was acquired.19. Matching principle: Matching principle is an accounting principle that dictates thatexpenses be matched with revenue in the period in which efforts are made to generate revenue.20. Materiality: Materiality refers to the magnitude of an omission or misstatement ofaccounting information that, considering the circumstances, makes it likely that the judgment of a reasonable person relying on the information would have been influenced by the omission or misstatement.21. Market value: Market value is the estimated amount for which a property shouldexchange on the date of valuation between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm’s-length transaction after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently, and without compulsion,22. Net realizable value: The net realizable value of an asset is the amount of cash (or theequivalent) that could be obtained on the date of the balance sheet by selling the asset in its present condition, in an orderly liquidation.23. Income statement: Income statement is a financial statement indicating theprofitability of a business over a preceding time period.24. Partnership: Partnership is a business owned by two or more persons associated aspartners.25. Present value: The present value of an asset is the net amount of discounted futurecash inflows less the discounted future cash outflows relating to the asset.26. Proprietorship: Partnership is a business owned by one person.27. Relevance: Accounting information is relevant if it can make a difference in a decisionby helping users predict the outcomes of past, present, and future events or confirm or correct prior expectations. To be relevant, accounting information should have either predictive or feedback value, or both. In addition, it should be timely,28. Reliability: Reliable information is reasonably free from error and bias, and faithfullyrepresents what it is intended to represent. That is, to be reliable, information should be verifiable, neutral, and possess representational faithfulness,29. Revenue recognition principle: An accounting principle that dictates that revenue berecognized in the accounting period in which it is earned.30. Statement of cash flow: A financial statement summarizing the cash receipts and cashpayments of the business over the same time period covered by the income statement.31. Statement of owner’s equity: A financial statement explaining certain changes in theamount of the owner’s equity (investment) in the business.1. Asset: Assets mean the entire property of a person, association, corporation, or estateapplicable or subject to the payment of debts.2. Operating cycle: The operating cycle is the time span from when cash is used toacquire goods and service and until cash is received from the sale of goods and service.3. Cash: cash refers to an exchange medium launched into circulation which is availablefor any ordinary use and can be used to purchase goods or services or repay debts.4. Cash equivalents: Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments or otherassets that readily convertible to cash and sufficiently close to their due date.5. Internal control: Internal control means all policies and procedures used to protectassets, ensure reliable accounting, promote efficient operations, and urge adherence to company policies.Chapter 31. Receivables: Receivables refer to the monetary claims against business, individualsand other debtors.2. Accounts receivable: Accounts receivables are amounts due from customers for creditsales. This section begins by describing how accounts receivables occur. It includes receivables that occur when customers use credit cards issued by third parties and when a company gives credit directly to customers.3. Installment accounts receivables: Installment accounts receivables are amounts overan extended time period.4. Commercial discounts: Commercial discounts refer to a certain sum of moneydeducted from listed prices.5. Cash discounts: Cash discounts refer to a deduction from gross invoice price, whichare an inducement offered to the buyer to encourage the payments of goods within a specific period of time.6. The percentage-of-sale method: The percentage-of-sale method estimates somepercentage of credit sales would turn out to be uncollectible, in which the percentage of bad debts to credit sales should be properly estimated with the past experience. 7. The percentage-of-receivable method: The percentage-of-receivable methodestimates the uncollectible with a percentage of the ending balance of accounts receivables rather than credit sales.8. The aging method: The aging method analyzes the age structure of the accountbalance. In this method, an aging schedule is prepared, classifying the length of time that has passes since the sale that gave rise to them.9. The allowance method: The allowance method is the most usual way that companiesuse to record uncollectible accounts. In calculating uncollectible accounts, an account allowances for uncollectible receivable is set up.10. Promissory note: A promissory note is a written promise to pay a certain sum ofmoney on demand or at a fixed and determinable future time, generally over 30 or 60 days.1. Inventory: Inventory is the total amount if goods and/or materials contained in a storeor factory at any given.2. Product costs: Product costs are those costs that “attach”to the inventory. Suchcharges include freight charges on goods purchased, other direct costs of acquisition, and labor and other production costs incurred in processing the goods up to the time of sale.3. The perpetual inventory system: The perpetual inventory system requires thatseparate inventory ledger be maintained for each goods.4. The periodic inventory system: The periodic inventory system requires a companydetermines the quantity of inventory on hand only periodically, under which the cost of ending inventory is subtracted from the cost of goods available for sale, then the cost of goods sold are determined.5. The specific identification method: The specific identification method can be usedwhen units in the ending inventory can be identified as coming from specific purchases.6. The weighted average cost method: The weighted average cost method assumes thatthe goods available for sale have the same cost per unit. Under this method, the cost of goods available for sale is allocated on the basis of the weighted-average unit c0st.7. The first-in, first-out (FIFO) method: The first-in, first-out (FIFO) method is base on theassumption that the costs of the first items acquired should be assigned to the first item sold.Chapter 51. Accelerated depreciation: Accelerated depreciation is a method of depreciation thatcall for recognition of relatively large amounts if depreciation in the early years of an asset’s useful life and relatively small amounts in the later years.2. Depreciable value: Depreciable value is the amount of the acquisition cost to beallocated as depreciation over the total useful life of an asset. It is the difference between the total acquisition cost and the estimated residual value.3. Depreciation: Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of an asset toexpress over the years of its estimated useful life.4. Fair market value: Fair market value is the value of an asset based on the price forwhich a company could sell the asset to an independent third party.5. Impairment: Impairment is a change in economic conditions which reduces theeconomic usefulness of an asset.6. Residual value: Residual value is the amount a company expects to receive fromdisposal of an asset at the end of its useful life.7. Useful life: Useful life refers to the shorter of the physical life or the economic life of anasset.1. Amortization: The systematic write-off to expense of the cost of an intangible assetover the period of its economic usefulness.2. Copyright: A grant by the state government covering the right to publish, sell, orotherwise control literary or artistic products for the life of the author plus 50 years. 3. Franchises: Agreements entered into by two parties in which, for a fee, one party (thefranchisor) gives the other party (the franchisee) rights to perform certain functions or sell certain products or services.4. Goodwill: The present value of expected future earnings of a business in excess of theearnings normally realized in the industry.5. Identifiable intangible asset: Intangibles that can be purchased or sold separately fromthe other assets of the company.6. Intangible assets: Those assets which are used in the operation of a business butwhich have no physical substance and are not current.7. Leases (or leaseholds): Intangible assets because a right to use the property is heldby the lessee.8. Patent: An exclusive right granted by the state government giving the owner control ofthe manufacturing, sale, or other use of an invention for a period of years from the date of filling.9. Research and development costs: Expenditures that may lead to patent, copy rights,new processes and new products.10. Trademarks: Distinctive identifications of a manufactured product or of a service,taking the form of a name, a sign, a slogan, a logo, or an emblem.Chapter 71. Available-for-sale securities: Securities that may be sold in the future.2. Consolidated financial statements: Financial statements that present the assets andliabilities controlled by the parent company and the aggregate profitability of the affiliated companies.3. Cost method: An accounting method in which the investment in common stock isrecorded at cost and revenue is recognized only when cash dividends are received.4. Debt investments: Investments in government and corporation bonds.5. Equity method: An accounting method in which the investment in common stock isinitially recorded at cost and the investment account is then adjusted annually to show the investor’s equity in the investee.6. Fair value: Amount for which a security could be sold in a normal market.7. Held-to-maturity securities: Debt securities that investor has the intent and ability tohold to maturity.8. Investment portfolio: A group of stocks in different corporations held for investmentpurposes.9. Long-term investments: Investments that are not readily marketable and thatmanagement does not intend to convert into cash within the next year or operating cycle, whichever is longer.10. Parent company: A company that owns more than 50% of the common stock ofanother entity.11. Short-term investments: Investments that are readily marketable and intend to convertinto cash within the next year or operating cycle, whichever is longer.12. Stock investments: Investments in the capital stock of corporations.13. Subsidiary (affiliated) company: A company in which more than 50% of its stock isowned by another company.14. Trading securities: Securities bought and held primarily for sale in the near term togenerate income on short-term price differences.Chapter 81. Amortization table: A schedule that indicates how installment payments are allocatedbetween interest expense and repayments of principal.2. Capital lease: A lease contract which, in essence, finances the eventual purchase bythe lessee of leased property. The lessor accounts for a capital lease as a sale of property; the lessee records an asset and a liability equal to the present value of the future lease payments. A capital lease is also called a financing lease.3. Commercial paper: Very short-term notes payable issued by financially strongcorporations. They are highly liquid from the investor’s point of view.4. Commitments: Contracts for the future transactions.5. Contra-liability account: A ledger account which is deducted from or offset against arelated liability account in the balance sheet; for example, Discount on Notes Payable.6. Convertible bond: One which may be changed at the option of the bondholder for aspecific number of shares of common stock.7. Deferred income taxes: Income taxes upon income which already has been reportedfor financial reporting purposes, but which will not be reported in income tax returns until future periods.8. Discount on notes payable: A contra-liability account representing any interestcharges applicable to future periods included in the face amount of a note payable.Over the life of the note, the balance of the Discount on Notes Payable account is amortized into Interest Expense.9. Deducted bond: Debenture bonds refer to an unsecured bond.10. Estimated liabilities: Liabilities which appear in financial statements at estimatedamounts.11. Long-term liabilities: Obligations that are not due for at least a year.12. Loss contingency: A possible loss, or expense, stemming from past events, that willbe resolved as to existence and amount by some future event.13. Mortgage bonds: Bonds secured by the pledge of specific assets.14. Operating lease: A lease contract which is in essence a rental agreement. The lesseehas the use of the leased property, but the lessor retains the usual risks and rewards of ownership. The periodic lease payments are accounted for as rent expense by the lessee and as rental revenue by the lessor.Chapter 91. Income: Income is defined as increases in economic benefits during the reportingperiod in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants. Income encompasses both revenue and gains.2. Revenue: Revenue is income that arises in the course of ordinary activities of anentity and is referred to by a variety of different names including sales, fees, interest, dividends and royalties.3. Gains: Gains represent other items that meet the definition of income and may, or maynot arise in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity.4. Accrued revenue: Accrued revenue is the revenue that has been earned but not yetcollected.5. Trade discounts: Trade discounts depend on the volume of the business or size oforder from the customer.6. Cash discounts: Cash discounts are offered to customers by some companies toencourage prompt payment of bills.7. Expenses: Expenses are outflows or using up of assets as part of operations of abusiness to generate sales.8. Employee expenses: Employee expenses are the entitlements which employeesaccumulate as a result of rendering their services to an employer.9. Depreciation (amortization): Depreciation is a periodic expense of operations and isassociated with the consumption or loss of service potential of non-current assets. 10. Bad (doubtful) debts expense: Bad debts expense is, in effect, a reduction of the“receivables” asset.11. Income taxes expense: Income taxes expense is the expense recognized in theaccounting records on an accrual basis that applies to income from continuing operations.12. Profit: Profit is the ultimate result of various operating activities of the enterprise in areporting period.13. Accounting policies: Accounting policies are the specific principles, bases,conventions, rules and practices adopted by an entity in preparing and presenting financial statements.14. Applicable profit: Applicable profit is assets that can be distributed to all kinds ofbeneficiaries.Chapter 101. Owner’s equity: Owner’s equity refers to the sources invested by owners or formed inthe course of the production and operation or other sourced shared by owners.2. Par value: The par value is an arbitrary dollar amount assigned to each share.3. Treasury stock: Treasury stock may be defined as shares of a corporation’s owncapital stock that have been issued and later reacquired by the issuing company but that have not been canceled or permanently retired.4. Capital reserve: Capital reserve refers to the capital which isn’t viewed as the paid-incapital or capital stock.5. Undistributed profit: Undistributed profit is the profit that is not distributed toshareholders but retained to the later years.Journal entries1. A company had the following transactions during January: Using the net method ofrecording purchases, prepare the journal entries to record these January transactions.Jan.2 Purchased merchandise, invoice price of $20 000, with terms 2/10, n/30.4 Received a credit memorandum for $4 000, the invoice price on merchandisereturned from the purchase of January 2.12 Purchased merchandise, invoice price of $15 000, with terms 3/15, n/30.26 Paid for the merchandise purchased on January 12.30 paid for the merchandise purchased on January 2.Answer:Jan.2 Merchandise …………………………………………………….19 600Accounts payable………………………………………………………19 6004 Accounts payable…………………………………………………3 920Merchandise………………………………………………………………3 92012 Merchandise……………………………………………………..14 550Accounts payable………………………………………………………14 55026 Accounts payable………………………………………………..14 550Cash……………………………………………………………………..14 55030 Accounts payable………………………………………………..15 680Expense (400)Cash………………………………………………………………………16 0802. The following series of transactions occurred during 2010 and 2011, when LinwoodCo. sold merchandise to John Moore. Linwood’s annual accounting period ends on December 31.10/01/2010 Sold $12 000 of merchandise to John Moore, terms 2/10, n/3011/15/2010 Moore reports that he cannot pay the account until the early next year. He agrees to exchange the account for a 120-day, 12% note receivable.12/31/2010 Prepared the adjusting journal entry to record accrued interest on the note.03/15/2011 Linwood receives a check from Moore for the maturity value (with interest) of the note.03/22/2011 Linwood receives notification that Moore’s check is being returned for nonsufficient funds (NSF).12/31/2011 Linwood writes off Moore’s account as uncollectible.Prepared Linwood Co.‘s journal entries to record the above transactions.The company uses the allowance method to account for its bad debt expenses.Answer:Oct.1, 2010 Accounts receivable—Moore……………………………..12 000Sales……………………………………………………………..12 000 Nov.15, 2010 Notes receivable……………………………………………12 000Accounts receivable—Moore........................................12 000 Dec.31,2010 Interest receivable (184)Interest revenue (184)($12 000 x 0.12 x 46/360 = $184)Mar.15, 2011 Cash…………………………………………………………..12 480Notes receivable………………………………………………...12 000Interest receivable (184)Interest earned (296)($12 000 x 0.12 x 74/360 = $296)Mar.22, 2011 Accounts receivable—Moore……………………………….12 480Cash…………………………………………………………….12 480 Dec.31, 2011 Allowance for doubtful accounts……………………………12 480Accounts receivable—Moore…………………………………12 4803. (a) A company purchased a patent on January 1, 2006, for $2 500 000. The patent’slegal life is 20 years but the company estimates that the patent’s useful life will only be5 years from the date of acquisition. On June 30, 2006, the company paid legal costsof $162 000 in successfully defending the patent in an infringement suit. Prepare the journal entry to amortize the patent at year end on December 31, 2006.(b) Suxia Company purchased a franchise from Yanyan Food Company for $400 000on January 1, 2006. The franchise is for an indefinite time period and gives Suxia Company the exclusive rights to sell Yanyan Wings in a particular territory. Prepare the journal entry to record the acquisition of the franchise and any necessary adjusting entry at year end on December 31, 2006.(c) Chenghe Company incurred research and development costs of $500 000 in 2006in developing a new product. Prepare the necessary journal entries during 2006 to record these events and any adjustments at year end on December 31, 2006.Answer:JOURNAL ENTRIES(a) December 31, 20×6Amortization Expense …………………………………………..518 000Patent………………………………………………………………… 518 000 (To record patent amortization.)$2 500 000 ÷ 5 years ……………………..$500 000$162 000 ÷ 54 months = …………………….$3 000$3 000×6……………………………………. $18 000$518 000(b) January 1, 20×6Franchise ………………………………………………………..400 000Cash………………………………………………………………. 400 000(To record acquisition of T astee Food franchise.)December 31, 20×6No amortization of the franchise is required since its life is indefinite.(c) 20×6Research and Development Expense……………………….. 500 000Cash………………………………………………………………. 500 000 (To record research and development expense for the Current year.)December 31—no entry.4. Suxia Company had the following transactions pertaining to short-term investments inequity securities.Jan.1 Purchased 900 shares of Chenghe Company stock for $9 450 cash plus brokerage fees of $ 270June.1 Received cash dividends of $0.50 per share on Chenghe Company stock.Sept.15 Sold 400 shares of Chenghe Company stock for $ 4 300 less brokerage fees of $100Dec.1 Received cash dividends of $0.50 per share on Chenghe Company stock.(a) Journalize the transactions.(b) Indicate the income statement effects of the transactions.Answer:(a) Jan. 1 Stock Investments……………………………………….. 9 720Cash..................................................................... 9 720 June 1 Cash (900 × $0.50) .. (450)Dividend Revenue (450)Sept. 15 Cash ($4 300 – $100)…………………………………. 4 200Loss on Sale of Stock Investments (120)Stock Investments (400 × ($9 720 ÷ 900)) ......................4 320 Dec. 1 Cash (500 × $0.50). (250)Dividend Revenue (250)(b) Dividend Revenue is reported under Other Revenues and Gains on theincome statement. Loss on Sale of Stock Investments is reported under Other Expenses and Losses on the income statement.5. Presented below are the three independent situations:(a) Henry Corporation purchased $ 400 000 of its bonds on June 30, 2005 at 102 andimmediately retired them. The carrying value of the bonds on the retirement date was $ 367 200. The bonds pay semiannual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2005 has been made and recorded.(b) Rose, Inc., purchased $600 000 of its bonds at 96 on June 30, 2005 andimmediately retired them. The carrying value of the bonds on the retirement date was $ 590 000. The bonds pay semiannual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2005 has been made and recorded.(c) Sealy Company has $200 000, 10%, 12-year convertible bonds outstanding.These bonds were sold at face value and pay semiannual interest on June 30 and December 31 of each year. The bonds are convertible into 80 shares of Sealy $ 5 par value common stock for each $ 1 000 par value bond. On December 31, 2005 after the bond interest has been paid, $ 50 000 par value of bonds were converted.The market value of Sealy’s common stock was $ 48 per share on December 31, 2005.Instruction: For each of the independent situations, prepare the journal entry to record the retirement or conversion of the bonds.Answer:(a) June 30 Bonds Payable……………………………………………. 400 000Loss on Bond Redemption……………………………….. 40 800Discount on Bonds Payable ………………………………………...32 800Cash …………………………………………………………………408 000($400 000 – $367 200 = $32 800)($400 000 × 102% = $408 000)(b) June 30 Bonds Payable……………………………………………. 600 000Discount on Bonds Payable………………………………………... 10 000Gain on Bond Redemption ………………………………………….14 000Cash………………………………………………………………… 576 000($600 000 – $590 000 =$10 000)($600 000 × 96% =$576 000)(c) Dec. 31 Bonds Payable………………………………………………. 50 000Common Stock…………………………………………………….. 20 000Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par …………………………………..30 000($5 × 80 × 50 =$20 000)6. Maia’s Bike Shop uses the perpetual inventory system and had the followingtransactions during the month of May:May 3 Sold merchandise to a customer on credit for $ 600, terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $ 350.May 4 Sold merchandise to a customer for cash of $ 425. The cost of themerchandise was $ 250.May 6 Sold merchandise to a customer on credit for $ 1 300, terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $ 750.May 8 The customer from May 3 returned merchandise with a selling price of $ 100.The cost of the merchandise returned was $ 55.May 15 The customer from May 6 paid the full amount due, less any appropriate discounts earned.May 31 The customer from May 3 paid the full amount due, less any appropriate discounts earned.Prepare the required journal entries that Maia’s Bike Shop must make to record these transactions.。
会计英语 课件
VS
用于发出指示、命令或请求，在会计英语中常用于指示、建议或要求执行某些操作。
示例
Please ensure that all financial transactions are accurately recorded.（请确保所有财务交易都准确记录。）
祈使句结构
05
Accounting English Reading and Writing
Accounting English writing often requires the ability to present complex information in a structured and coherent manner. Students should have strong organizational skills, using headings, subheadings, and tables to guide the reader through the information.
Comprehension of financial reports: This skill involves the ability to read and understand financial reports such as balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements. It requires knowledge of accounting vocabulary and concepts to understand the information presented in these reports.
Financial Statements
会计专业英语讲稿unit1
会计专业英语讲稿unit1Introduction (may be written last)Capture your listeners’ attention: Begin with a question, a funny story, a startling comment, or anything that will make them think.State your purpose; for example:‘I’m going to talk about...’‘This morning I want to explain…’Present an outline of your talk; for example:‘I will concentrate on the following points: First of all…Then…This will lead to… And finally…’The BodyPresent your main points one by one in logical order.Pause at the end of each point (give people time to take notes, or time to think about what you are saying).Make it absolutely clear when you move to another point. For example: ‘The next point is that ...’‘OK, now I am going to talk about ...’‘Right. Now I'd like to explain ... ’‘Of course, we must not forget that ...’‘However, it's important to realise that...’Use clear examples to illustrate your points.Use visual aids to make your presentation more interesting.The ConclusionIt is very important to leave your audience with a clear summary of everything you have covered.It is also important not to let the talk just fizzle out. Make it obvious that you have reached the end of the presentation.Summarise the main points again, using phrases like:‘To sum up...’‘So, in conclusion...’‘OK, to recap the main points…’Restate the purpose of your talk, and say that you have achieved your aim:‘I think you can now see that...’‘My intention was ..., and it should now be clear that ...’Thank the audience, and invite questions:‘Thank you. Are there any questions?’Unit One What is accounting ?Chapter ObjectivesUnderstand the definition of accountingUnderstand the function of accountingUnderstand the methods of accountingUnderstand the object of accounting.Understand the accounting elements Chapter Organisation1.1a What is the definition of accounting?1.1b What is the function of accounting ?1.1c What are the method of accounting ?1.1d What is the accounting object ?1.1e What is the accounting elements ?1.2 Core accounting terms1.3 Extended wordsCore terms reminderAccountingUnit of measurementAccountDocumentAccounting statementCostingAssetLiabilityOwner’s interestProfitIncomeExpenseCore accounting termsAccount [?‘ka?nt] n. 账户,户头Account book 账簿Accounting [?‘ka?nt??] n. 会计学，会计核算?Accounting element 会计要素Accounting object 会计对象Accounting statement 会计报表Accuracy [‘?kj?r?s?] n. 准确Asset [‘?set] n.资产Auditing['??d?t?? ] n. 审计Component[k?m‘p??n?nt] n. 成分；组成部分Costing[‘k?st??]n. 成本核算Decision-making 决策Document[‘d?kj?m(?)nt] n. 文件，单证，凭证?Double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记Entity['ent?t?] n. 实体Expense[?k‘spens] n.费用Integrity[?n‘tegr?t?]n. 完整Legality[li?‘g?l?t?]n.合法Liability[la??‘b?l?t?]n.责任，负债Movement of fund 资金运动Owner’s interest 所有者权益Profit[‘pr?f?t]n.利润Trueness[‘tr?n?s]n.真实Parties concerned 有关各方Unit of measurement 计量单位Income[‘?nk?m]n.收入1.3 Extended wordsAnalyze [‘?n?la?z]n. 分析Calculate[‘k?lkj?le?t]vt.计算Compile [k?m‘pa?l] vt.编辑，编写Confirmation[k?nf?‘me??(?)n]n.确认Constitute [‘k?nst?tju?t]vt.构成Controlling[k?n‘tr??l??]n. 控制Currency[‘k?r(?)ns?]n.货币Ensure[?n‘]vt.确保Financial [fa?‘n?n?(?)l]adj. 财政的，财务的?Given [‘g?v(?)n]adj.特定的，指定的Inspection[?n‘spek?n]n.检查，视察Monitor [‘m?n?t?]vt.监督Orientation[,??r??n‘te??(?)n]n.定位Participate[pɑ?‘t?s?pe?t]vt.参与Process[‘pr??ses]n.过程，程序Property[‘pr?p?t?]n.财产Persue[ p??sju: ]vt.追求，从事Optimal[‘?pt?m(?)l]adj.最佳的，最理想的Providing a basis for 为……提供依据Recording[r?‘k??d??]n.记录Reflect[r?‘f lekt]vt.反映Represent[?repr?‘zent]vt.代表，表示Specific[sp?‘s?f?k]adj.特定的，具体的Vary with因……而变化Verify[‘ver?fa?]vt.核实With a view to 目的是1.1a DefinitionAccounting,①with a specific currency as its major unit of measurement,以货币作为主要计量单位②is the task of recording, calculatin g, controlling, analyzing andreporting the economic activities of a given entity/organization, 对特定实体/组织进行记录、计算、控制、分析、报告③with a view to providing financial and management information.以提供财务和管理信息的工作1.1b Functionreflect and control the process of economic activities.反映和控制经济活动过程ensure the legality, trueness, accuracy and integrity of accounting information.保证会计信息的合法、真实、准确和完整provide necessary financial data for economic management.为管理经济提供必要的财务资料participate in decision-making and pursue optimal benefit. 参与决策并谋求最佳的经济效益1.1c Methodssetting up the account and account book 设置账户和账簿filling in and auditing the accounting document 填写与审计会计凭证?double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记costing 成本核算property inspection 财产检查compiling accounting statement 编制会计报表reviewing, checking and analyzing accounting data, etc.审阅、检查和分析会计数据等1.1d Accounting ObjectThe content that is verified and monitored within the work scope of accounting.会计工作所要核算和监督的内容Specifically, movements of fund represented in the routine operational activities of a business organization.具体来说，是指业务单位在日常经营活动中所表现出的资金运动。
《会计英语》PPT课件
13. Accounts receivable应收帐款 14. Realized profits实现的利润 15. Financial accounting财务会计 16. Financial position财务状况 17. Operating results经营结果 18. Cash flow现金流量 19. Double entry复式记帐 20. Accounting entity会计主体 21. Going-concern持续经营 22. Accounting period会计期间 23. Accrual system权责发生 24. Cash basis accounting收付实现制
on 会计前提/假设 4. Accounting principles会计原则 5. Accounting elements会计要素 6. Assets资产 7. Liabilities负债 8. Owner’s equity所有者权益 9. Revenue收入 10.Profit利润 11.Expenses费用 12.Entity经营单位、实体单位
会计学原理英文名词解释
1. Accounting: is an informa on and measurement system that iden fies records and communicates relevant reliable and comparable informa on about an organiza on’s business ac vi es.(P2)
4. External use:r of accoun ng informa on are not directly involved in running the organiza on.(P3)
5. Internal use:r of accoun ng informa on are those directly efficiency and effec veness of an organiza on.(P4)
expenses incurred to generate the revenue reported.(P7) 10. Going-concerning assumption: means that accoun ng informa on
reflects a presump on that the business will con nue opera ng instead of being closed or sold.(P7) 11. Audit: through review of an organiza on’s accoun ng records and accoun ng reports and return make by the analysis. 12. Net income: amount a business earns a er paying all expenses and costs associated with its sales and revenues.(P15) 13. Income statement: describes a company’s revenues and expenses along with the resul ng net income or loss over a period me due to earnings ac vi es.(P14) 14. Statement of owner’s equity: explains changes in equity from net income (or loss) and from any owner investments and withdrawals over a period of me.(P14) 15. Balance sheet: describes a company’s financial posi on (types and amounts of assets liabili es and equity) at a point in me.(P15) 16. Statement of cash flow: siden fies cash inflows (receipts) and cash
会计英语的名词解释
会计英语的名词解释在全球化的经济环境中，会计英语作为一种专业词汇系统成为了国际上财务人员必备的技能之一。
掌握会计英语不仅可以提高专业素养，还有助于加强与国际同行的交流。
本文将对一些常见的会计英语名词进行解释，帮助读者更好地理解与运用这些术语。
1. Assets（资产）资产是指任何有经济价值的资源，可以是现金、股票、债券、房产等，用来支持企业运营。
资产一般被分为长期资产和流动资产，前者指那些用于长期经营的资产，如土地、建筑等，后者指较流动的资产，如存货、应收账款等。
2. Liabilities（负债）负债是指企业所欠的债务或义务，包括应付账款、贷款、未付工资等。
负债按照偿还期限可以分为长期负债和流动负债，前者指一年以上需要偿还的债务，后者指一年内需要偿还的债务。
3. Equity（所有者权益）所有者权益是指企业拥有者对其资产净值的权利。
它包括股东权益和留存收益。
股东权益可以通过发行股票来获得，而留存收益是企业利润未分配的部分。
4. Revenue（收入）收入是企业在正常经营活动中产生的经济利益，如销售商品、提供服务等所获得的钱款。
收入可以分为主营业务收入和其他业务收入。
5. Expenses（费用）费用是企业为了开展正常经营活动而发生的支出，如工资、租金、采购成本等。
费用可以分为直接费用和间接费用，前者指与产品生产直接相关的费用，后者指与产品生产间接相关的费用。
6. Depreciation（折旧）折旧是指某种固定资产按照一定的标准逐年减少其价值的过程。
折旧费用会计上被逐年分摊在企业的成本中，以反映固定资产的使用寿命与价值的变化。
7. Amortization（摊销）摊销是指对某类资产进行逐年分配的过程，以反映其价值随时间的减少。
摊销一般适用于有限生命周期的资产，如专利权、版权等。
8. Audit（审计）审计是一项独立的、客观的评估，用于确定企业的财务报表是否符合会计准则和法律法规的规定。
审计旨在验证企业的财务信息的真实性与准确性。
会计概念中英文
1-1 accounting：会计1-1 financial statement：会计报表，财务报表1-1 Balance Sheet：资产负债表1-2 entity：会计实体1-4 financial position：财务状况1-6 asset：资产1-6 liabilities：负债1-6 equity：权益1-7 cash：现金1-9 fund：资金；基金，专款1-10 obligation：义务，责任；偿还债务的责任1-10 creditor：债权人1-10 credit：信用，信贷1-10 supplier：供应商1-10 amount：数量，金额1-10 accounts payable：应付账款1-10 payable：应付的1-11 clai：M债权，要求权1-11 current：流动的，短期的1-13 common stock：普通股1-13 paid-in capital：实收资本1-14 profit：利润1-14 earnings：营业利润，盈利，收益1-14 dividend：股利1-14 retained earnings：留存收益1-15 due：欠款的，应付的1-15 residual clai：M剩余要求权B1-16 dual-aspect concept：复式簿记原则1-20 balance：（使资产负债表两边）平衡（即资产=负债+所有者权益）1-20 accountant：会计师，会计专家，审计员1-22 accounting concept：会计原则1-24 bank account：银行往来账户1-26 net assets：净资产B1-27 money-measurement concept：货币核算原则1-28 supplies：物料用品B1-34 entity concept：会计实体原则1-34 account：账户1-34 withdraw：提款，提取（资金）1-34 withdrawal：提款1-35 sole owner：独资经营者，个体户N1-38 corporation：法人，公司N1-38 partnership：合伙企业N1-38 proprietorship：独资企业1-39 deposit：存款B1-40 going-concern concept：持续经营原则1-41 concern：公司（对工商企业的一般称呼）N1-43 monetary asset：货币资产N1-43 fair value：公平价值N1-43 nonmonetary asset：非货币资产N1-43 cost：成本B1-44 asset-measurement concept：资产核算原则1-44 market value：市场价值，市价1-45 marketable securities：有价证券，适销证券1-45 stock exchange：证券交易所1-49 depreciation：折旧1-50 inventory：存货1-56 bond：债券1-62 cash register：现金出纳机1-62 petty cash：零用现金N1-64 lease：租赁N1-64 capital lease：资本租赁1-65 contract：合同，契约1-67 trademark：商标N1-69 noncurrent：非流动的1-70 current asset：流动资产1-74 current liabilities：流动负债1-74 become / fall due：到期1-75 repay：偿付B1-77 current ratio：流动比率1-77 meet one's obligations：偿债1-80 share：份额，股份，股票1-80 shareholder：股东1-80 stockholder：股东1-80 ownership：所有权1-81 additional paid-in capital：资本溢价，实收资本溢价，追加缴入资本1-82 transaction：交易1-83 profitable：赚钱的，有利可图的，盈利的1-86 operating activity：经营活动1-P20 goodwill：商誉PT1Q19 insurance policy：保单PT1Q19 prepaid expense：预付费用PT1Q20 plant and property：固定资产PT1Q22 accounts receivable：应收账款2-2 securities：有价证券2-2 stock：股票，股份；存货，库存2-2 Treasury：财政部（英美常用，其他国家多用Ministry of Finance）2-2 treasury bonds：长期国债（由英、美政府发行的长期债券）N2-3 investment in safe：保值投资，安全投资= safe investmenTN2-3 money market fund：货币市场基金N2-3 cash equivalent：现金等价物2-5 goods：货物2-5 raw material：原材料2-5 partially finished product：半成品2-5 resale：转卖，转售2-8 intangible asset：无形资产2-10 tangible asset：有形资产2-11 property, plant and equipment：财产、厂房与设备，固定资产2-12 accumulated depreciation：累计折旧2-15 patent：专利权2-15 brand：商标，品牌，牌子2-15 logo：（企业、公司等的）专用标识、标记、商标（如用于广告中的）2-20 bank loan：银行借款2-20 promissory note：本票，期票N2-20 accrued liabilities：应计负债2-21 tax liability：应纳税款2-22 long-term debt：长期债务N2-24 income tax：个人所得税；（美）也指公司所得税N2-24 deferred income tax：递延所得税2-37 note：票据；现钞，钞票2-37 note payable：应付票据2-37 note receivable：应收票据2-43 double-entry：复式记账，复式簿记2-51 sell at a profit：含利销售2-53 vendor：卖方2-55 on credit：信用交易，赊账2-57 mortgage：抵押贷款，按揭贷款2-57 balance：余额2-59 offer：递价，出价；出售，发盘2-62 interest：利息；权益B2-64 income：收入，收益，利润2-68 financial information：财务信息2-68 income statement：损益表= profit and loss accoun T2-72 revenue：收入2-73 expense：费用2-81 surplus：盈余，利润N2-81 sales revenue：销售收入N2-81 interest revenue：利息收入N2-81 salary expense：工资费用N2-81 rent expense：租金费用2-P44 amortization：摊销，分期偿还3-4 Beg. Bal.：期初余额= Beginning balanceB3-26 debit：n. 借方；v. 借记B3-26 credit：n. 贷方；v. 贷记N3-36 entry：会计分录3-38 net income：净收益N3-38 gross income：总收益，毛收益N3-38 operating income：营业收益B3-43 ledger：总账，总分类账B3-43 journal：日记账3-49 posting：过账B3-51 closing：结账，结转3-62 temporary account：临时性账户3-62 permanent account：永久性账户3-63 maintenance expense：维修费用3-P64 check：支票3-P64 chart of accounts：会计科目表，账户一览表，科目汇总表3-P64 bookkeeper：簿记员，记账员3-P66 inflow：流入3-P66 outflow：流出B4-3 fiscal year：财务年度，财政年度，财年4-4 interim statement：中期报表，期中报表B4-6 accrual accounting：权责发生制会计，应计制会计4-14 cash accounting：现金会计B4-18 conservatism concept：稳健性原则，保守性原则N4-18 materiality concept：重要性原则N4-18 realization concept：收入实现原则4-38 salesperson：推销员4-44 advances from customers：预收客户款N4-47 deferred revenue：递延收入N4-47 precollected revenue：预收收入N4-47 unearned revenue：未获收入4-53 rental revenue：租金收入N4-57 installment sales：分期收款销售4-59 bad debt：坏账4-65 allowance for doubtful accounts：坏账准备= allowance for bad debtsN4-65 contra-asset account：资产备抵账户，资产对销账户4-66 bad debt expense：坏账费用4-69 write off：撤销（债务）；冲销，注销4-70 sales：销售额，销售量4-74 days' sales uncollected：日销货未收款率，应收账款回收天数= average collection periodPT4Q11 allowance for bad debts：坏账准备= allowance for doubtful accountsB5-3 expenditure：支出，开支B5-15 unexpired cost：未耗成本B5-15 expired cost：已耗成本B5-19 matching concept：配比原则5-27 prepaid insurance：预付保险费5-31 prepaid rent：预付租金5-34 depreciation expense：折旧费用5-35 disbursement：付款5-37 accrued salaries：应计未付工资N5-38 withhold：扣款，扣缴N5-38 social security tax：社会保险税，社会福利税B5-40 fringe benefits：附加福利5-40 pension：养老金，退休金，补助金5-40 pension benefit：退休津贴，退休费5-40 accrued pension：应计养老金5-41 pension expense：养老金费用5-43 other post-employment benefits：其他就业后福利（abbr. OPEB）5-45 accrued rent：应付租金，应计租金B5-50 loss：损失，亏损5-58 deed：契约，证书5-59 down payment：定金，首期付款5-61 commission：佣金N5-68 profit and loss statement：损益表= income statement = profit and loss account N5-68 earnings statement：损益表= income statement = profit and loss account5-70 cost of sales：销售成本5-71 gross margin：毛利，边际贡献，贡献毛益5-72 operating expense：营业费用5-72 income before tax：税前收益5-74 provision for income tax：备付所得税，所得税准备5-75 net loss：净损失N5-86 statement of cash flows：现金流量表5-87 gross margin percentage：毛利率5-89 net income percentage：净收益率6-1 manufacturing company：制造业公司6-1 cost of goods sold：销货成本6-2 specific identification method：个别辨认法，分批认定法6-5 shipment：运送，运送货物6-5 perpetual inventory：永续盘存B6-9 deduction method：扣减法N6-10 point of sale：销售点6-13 goods available for sale：可销售货物6-16 physical inventory：实地盘存，实物盘存N6-17 loss on inventory：存货损失6-18 shrinkage：缩水，损耗B6-22 inventory valuation：存货估价B6-27 first-in first-out method：先进先出法FIFO6-27 financial accounting：财务会计B6-32 last-in first-out method：后进先出法LIFOB6-35 average-cost method：平均成本法6-39 taxable income：应税所得，应纳税所得额，应税收益6-43 write down：减记6-46 merchandising company：商业公司6-47 finished goods：成品，制成品，产成品= finished product 6-48 invoice：发票6-48 conversion cost：加工成本6-49 finished product：成品，制成品，产成品= finished goods 6-49 overhead：间接费用，管理费用6-50 direct material：直接材料6-50 direct labor：直接人工N6-51 other production cost：其他生产成本6-53 cost accounting：成本会计B6-54 product cost：产品成本B6-54 period cost：期间成本B6-59 overhead rate：间接费用分配率6-59 indirect cost：间接成本N6-63 activity-based costing：作业成本法N6-63 cost driver：成本动因B6-64 inventory turnover：存货周转，存货周转率7-3 fixed assets：固定资产B7-5 acquisition：获得（或购买）行为，购置，收购7-6 broker：经纪人7-7 freight：运费7-9 lessor：出租人7-9 lessee：承租人7-16 service life：使用年限，耐用年限，使用寿命7-20 obsolescence：陈旧过时7-25 residual value：残值，剩余价值7-28 depreciable cost：应计折旧成本N7-29 units-of-production depreciation：产量折旧法，生产单位折旧法N7-29 straight-line depreciation：直线折旧法N7-29 accelerated depreciation：加速折旧法7-33 depreciation rate：折旧率7-46 book value：账面价值7-56 gain ( or loss ) on disposition of plant：固定资产处理收益（或损失）B7-62 depletion：递耗，折耗7-62 wasting asset：递耗资产B8-1 working capital：营运资本，营运资金，周转资金8-5 permanent capital：永久资本B8-7 debt capital：债务资本，借入资本8-9 face amount：票面金额，面额8-12 principal：本金8-16 portfolio：投资组合8-16 derivative：衍生工具，衍生产品8-21 shareholders' equity：股东权益8-22 common shareholder：普通股股东8-22 preferred shareholder：优先股股东8-22 preferred stock：优先股N8-22 limited partnership：有限责任合伙企业N8-22 trust：信托，托拉斯N8-22 S corporation：S公司8-23 par value：票面价值，面值8-26 no-par-value stock：无面值股票8-26 director：董事8-26 stated value：设定价值8-28 treasury stock：库存股份，库存股票8-28 outstanding stock：未清偿股票8-35 liquidate：清算，清盘8-43 net worth：净值，资本净值8-47 stock dividend：股票股利8-48 stock split：股份拆细，分股8-60 leverage：杠杆，杠杆作用，杠杆效应B8-62 debt ratio：债务比率，负债比率B8-65 consolidated financial statement：合并会计报表，合并财务报表8-65 parent：母公司8-65 subsidiary：子公司8-69 intrafamily transaction：家族内交易8-75 minority interest：少数股东权益9-3 accrual basis：权责发生制，应计制N9-3 liquidity：流动性，变现能力，清偿能力N9-3 solvency：偿债能力N9-7 cash flow from operating activities：营业活动现金流量N9-7 cash flow from investing activities：投资活动现金流量N9-7 cash flow from financing activities：筹资活动现金流量B9-8 cash basis：收付实现制，现金收付制N9-15 double counting：重复计算9-17 administrative expense：管理费用9-19 credit sale：赊销，递延付款销售9-22 End. Bal.：期末余额= Ending balance9-40 cash flow statement：现金流量表= statement of cash flows9-43 net：净得，净赚（某利润等）9-50 breakdown：分解，分类剖析9-53 mortgage bond：抵押债券，按揭债券N9-53 redemption：偿还，赎回N9-56 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles：公认会计准则= GAAP N9-56 disposition：财产分配[遗产税]N9-63 free cash flow：自由现金流量N9-63 replacement：重置N9-63 cushion：余量9-P183 proceeds：收入，进款9-P184 financial crisis：财务危机10-6 auditing：审计，核数10-6 certified public accountant：注册会计师，执业会计师= CPA10-6 auditor：审计师，核数师N10-10 clean opinion：无保留意见[指审计报告]N10-10 unqualified opinion：无保留意见[指审计报告]N10-10 exception：审计异议，例外N10-10 qualified opinion：有保留意见[指审计报告]N10-10 qualification：附条件声明N10-10 suspend trading：停牌10-11 return on equity：权益报酬率，净资产收益率= ROE10-15 benchmark：基准，标杆10-26 profit margin percentage：毛利率；利润率，净利率10-43 quick ratio：速动比率，酸性测试比率= acid test ratio = liquidity ratio 10-43 acid test ratio：速动比率，酸性测试比率= quick ratio = liquidity ratio 10-45 capitalization：资本化10-50 earnings per share：每股收益= EPS10-53 price-earnings ratio：市盈率= P/E ratio = PER10-56 return on permanent capital：永久资本回报率，永久资本收益率10-56 return on investment：投资回报率，投资收益率= ROI10-57 pretax income：税前收益，税前利润10-58 EBIT：息税前利润，息税前收益= earnings before interest and tax 10-59 EBIT margin：EBIT利润率10-62 capital turnover ratio：资本周转率10-63 capital intensive：资本密集型10-69 fixtures：固定装置，装置，装修10-72 insolvency：无偿债能力，无力偿付10-80 real earnings：实际收益10-84 foreign operation：国外业务，境外业务10-85 red flag：红色报警信号10-86 accounting practice：会计实务，会计惯例B10-88 accountability：经营责任，问责性；负责B10-88 corporate governance：公司治理，公司管治，公司管制10-88 board of directors：董事会，董事局10-89 public company：公众公司，公开公司10-89 Securities and Exchange Commission：[美]证券交易委员会= SEC 10-90 publicly-traded company：股份公开交易的公司10-93 public accounting firm：会计师事务所B11-1 nonprofit organization：非营利组织11-7 accumulated surplus：累计盈余，累积盈余，滚存盈余11-8 statement of financial position：财务状况表11-8 statement of activities：业务活动情况表，业务报表，活动报表N11-14 balanced scorecard：平衡计分卡11-16 permanently restricted net asset：永久受限制净资产11-16 temporarily restricted net asset：暂时受限制净资产11-16 unrestricted net asset：不受限制净资产11-35 endowment：捐款，资助11-43 fee：报酬；付给专业人员（如会计师、医生、律师等）的工作酬金B11-46 transfer：转移B12-1 Government Accounting Standards Board：政府会计准则委员会= GASB12-12 Financial Accounting Standards Board：财务会计准则委员会= FASB12-13 Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board：联邦会计准则咨询委员会= FASAB 12-16 budget：预算12-16 Office of Management and Budget：预算管理委员会= OMB12-18 stewardship：保管责任12-34 interperiod：跨期的。
专业会计英语知识点
专业会计英语知识点会计是一门应用广泛且非常重要的学科，其它行业也需要掌握一些会计知识。
而对于会计专业的学生来说，掌握专业会计英语知识是非常重要的。
本文将从几个方面介绍一些专业会计英语知识点，帮助读者扩展词汇量并加深对会计专业的理解。
一、会计概述1. 资产（Assets）：指企业拥有的可以转化为现金或其他货币等额物品或资源。
2. 负债（Liabilities）：指企业当前无法避免的经济付出或责任。
3. 所有者权益（Equity）：指企业所有者在资产减去负债后拥有的部分。
4. 利润（Profit）：指企业在特定期间内实现的净收入。
5. 财务报表（Financial Statements）：指记录和报告企业财务状况和经营成果的文书。
二、会计核算1. 应收账款（Accounts Receivable）：指企业因向顾客提供商品或服务而发生的未收回款项。
2. 应付账款（Accounts Payable）：指企业因购买商品或服务而产生的未偿付款项。
3. 现金流量表（Cash Flow Statement）：指反映企业现金流入和流出的报表。
4. 会计准则（Accounting Standards）：指制定和规范会计工作的基本原则和规则。
5. 成本核算（Cost Accounting）：指对企业产品或服务成本的计算和分析。
三、财务报告1. 利润表（Income Statement）：指反映企业一定期间内收入、成本和利润等信息的报表。
2. 资产负债表（Balance Sheet）：指反映企业在某一特定日期上的资产、负债和所有者权益等信息的报表。
3. 现金流量表（Cash Flow Statement）：指企业一定期间内现金流入和流出的报表。
4. 股东权益变动表（Statement of Changes in Equity）：指记录了企业一定期间内股东权益变动的报表。
5. 会计政策（Accounting Policies）：指企业在编制财务报表过程中选择的评估方法和会计处理原则。
会计英语课件
A sole proprietorship
A sole proprietorship pays no separate income taxes. The owner merely adds any profits or subtracts any losses from the business when determining personal taxable income. This business form is widely used in service industry.
Advantages
• Easy formation • Low cost of organizing • total undivided authority
Joe’s
Disadvantages • limitation on size: fund raising power • Unlimited liability • life of entity: limited by owner’s choice or death
• What functions does tax accounting encompass?
Users of Accounting Information
External users
Internal usersFra bibliotekInternal users of accounting information
Question:
Learning Objectives
Explain the definition of accounting; Understand the basic function of accounting; Understand the types of accounting information; Ascertain the users of accounting information and know why they need the information; Have a general idea of the professional fields of accounting and their duties.
会计英语——用英语了解会计的定义和运用
18
14. equity n. --economic ~ and social justice --~ of
redemption --Once again, equities were hard hit. 15. distribution n. --the ~ of awards, mail, news. --Our ~ is bad. --the ~ of a species of plant -- the ~ of animals into species
17
13. liability n. --He accepted ~ for the damage done to the
car. --He has no ~ in the matter, the ~ is hers. --Heavy liabilities forced the company into
cash. --I bought it on ~. --High interest rates make ~ expensive.
4
（2） sum of money lent by a bank --The bank refused further ~s to the
company. （3）payment received --Is this item a debit or a credit? ~ account，~ card, ~ note, ~-side
20
1. Invested $20000 to open his counseling practice for cash.
2. Bought supplies for cash, 500. 3. Bought office furniture from R. Furniture Company
会计的英语名词解释
会计的英语名词解释在商业和财务领域中，会计是一个至关重要的职业。
会计负责记录和报告一个组织的财务信息，为决策者提供有关财务状况和业绩的准确数据。
在这个领域，有很多专业术语和名词。
本文将解释一些常见的会计英语名词。
1. Assets（资产）资产是指一个组织拥有的任何有经济价值的物品或资源。
资产可以是现金、股票、债券、不动产、机器设备等。
在会计报表中，资产被分为流动资产（比如现金和应收账款）和固定资产（比如房地产和设备）。
2. Liabilities（负债）负债是指一个组织所欠的债务或义务。
负债可以是贷款、应付账款、未结工资等。
负债分为流动负债（比如短期贷款和应付账款）和长期负债（长期贷款和债券）两种。
3. Equity（所有者权益）所有者权益是指一个组织的净资产，即资产减去负债后的余额。
所有者权益代表了组织所有者对其资本的权益。
它包括股东的股本和利润留存。
4. Revenue（收入）收入是指一个组织在特定会计期间内从经营活动中获得的货币流入。
收入可以包括销售收入、服务收入、利息收入等。
收入是一个组织盈利能力的一个重要指标。
5. Expenses（费用）费用是指一个组织在特定会计期间内为了生产和销售商品或提供服务而发生的成本。
费用包括人员薪酬、租金、采购成本、广告费用等。
费用是一个组织盈利能力的一个重要指标。
6. Depreciation（折旧）折旧是指资产在使用过程中由于年限或使用量的变化而产生的值减少。
折旧是费用，用于表示长期资产的价值损耗。
例如，一辆车的价值随着时间的推移会逐渐减少，折旧费用就被用来表示这种价值损耗。
7. Balance Sheet（资产负债表）资产负债表是一份会计报表，展示了一个组织在特定时间点的资产、负债和所有者权益的状况。
资产负债表可以帮助决策者了解组织的财务状况和偿债能力。
8. Income Statement（损益表）损益表是一份会计报表，展示了一个组织在特定会计期间内的收入、费用和净收益。
会计学原理的英文名词解释
会计学原理的英文名词解释IntroductionAccounting is an essential field of study that involves the process of recording, analyzing, and interpreting financial information. It provides businesses and individuals with the necessary tools to make informed decisions. In this article, we will explore some key principles of accounting and provide their corresponding English translations.1. Accrual Principle (权责发生制)The accrual principle states that economic events should be recorded in the accounting records when they occur, regardless of when the cash transaction takes place. This principle ensures that revenues and expenses are recognized in the financial statements in the period they are earned or incurred.2. Going Concern Concept (持续经营概念)The going concern concept assumes that a business will continue its operations indefinitely unless there is evidence to the contrary. Under this principle, financial statements are prepared with the belief that the business will continue to function and not be forced to liquidate its assets.3. Historical Cost Principle (历史成本原则)The historical cost principle requires assets to be recorded at their original cost when they are acquired, rather than at their current market value. This principle ensures that the financial statements reflect the actual transactions made by the business and provides a reliable basis for decision-making.4. Matching Principle (配比原则)The matching principle states that expenses should be recognized in the same period as the related revenues they help generate. By aligning expenses with the revenues theycontribute to, the matching principle ensures that financial statements accurately represent the profitability of a business during a specific period.5. Materiality Principle (重要性原则)The materiality principle emphasizes the significance of financial information. It suggests that information, whether it be an error or an omission, is material if its inclusion or correction would impact the decision-making process of users. Materiality is a relative concept and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.6. Revenue Recognition Principle (收入确认原则)The revenue recognition principle outlines when and how revenue should be recognized in the financial statements. It states that revenue should be recognized when it is both earned and realized or realizable. This principle ensures that revenue is recorded when it is considered to be reasonably certain and can be measured reliably.7. Consistency Principle (一致性原则)The consistency principle requires businesses to apply the same accounting methods and principles consistently over time. By doing so, financial statements become more comparable, enabling users to make meaningful comparisons of performance across different periods.8. Full Disclosure Principle (充分披露原则)The full disclosure principle requires businesses to provide all necessary information in their financial statements and accompanying notes to ensure users have a complete understanding of the financial position and performance of the entity. This principle promotes transparency and helps users make informed decisions.ConclusionUnderstanding the principles of accounting is crucial for individuals and businesses to navigate the complex world of finance. The principles discussed in this article represent fundamental concepts that guide the accounting profession. By adhering tothese principles, businesses can generate reliable financial information that facilitates decision-making and promotes transparency.。
会计的英语基础知识点总结
会计的英语基础知识点总结会计作为财务管理的一门重要学科，涉及到大量的英语术语和表达方式。
掌握会计的英语基础知识，不仅可以增强职场竞争力，还可以为国内外交流提供便利。
本文将总结会计中的一些英语基础知识点。
一、基本概念1. 会计 (Accounting)会计是研究和处理财务信息的科学。
其核心职责是记录、分析和汇报企业的财务状况和业务活动。
2. 财务 (Financial)财务是指企业经营中涉及到的金融资源，包括资产、负债、所有者权益和收入、支出等方面。
3. 资产 (Asset)资产是企业拥有的具有经济价值的资源，包括现金、应收账款、存货、固定资产等。
4. 负债 (Liability)负债是企业所欠他人的债务或负担，包括应付账款、短期借款、长期借款等。
5. 所有者权益 (Equity)所有者权益指企业对所有者的经济利益，包括股东权益、留存收益等。
6. 收入 (Revenue)收入是企业在正常经营活动中获得的经济利益，包括销售收入、利息收入等。
7. 支出 (Expense)支出是企业在正常经营活动中支付的费用，包括成本、折旧等。
二、会计报表1. 资产负债表 (Balance Sheet)资产负债表是记录企业在一定日期上的资产、负债和所有者权益状况的表格。
它反映了企业的财务健康状况。
2. 损益表 (Income Statement)损益表是记录企业在一定期间内的收入、支出和净利润的表格。
它反映了企业的盈利能力。
3. 现金流量表 (Cash Flow Statement)现金流量表是记录企业一定期间内现金流入和流出情况的表格。
它反映了企业的现金流动状况。
4. 股东权益变动表 (Statement of Changes in Equity)股东权益变动表是记录企业在一定期间内所有者权益的变动情况的表格。
它反映了企业的所有者权益的变化。
三、会计核算1. 借方 (Debit)借方是会计上记载资产增加或负债减少的一方，通常用于记录资产、费用等的增加。
会计学专业术语英语及解释
会计学专业术语英语及解释Accounting Terminology and Definitions.The field of accounting is rich in specialized terminology, with each term carrying a precise definition and application within the discipline. Below is a compilation of key accounting terms in English, along with their explanations, to aid in understanding the language and concepts of accounting.1. Assets: Tangible or intangible items owned by a company that have economic value and are expected to provide future benefits. These can include cash, equipment, real estate, patents, and goodwill.2. Liabilities: Amounts owed by a company to others, consisting of both short-term debts (such as accounts payable) and long-term debts (like long-term loans).3. Owner's Equity: Represents the net value of acompany, calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets. It reflects the financial position of the owners or shareholders.4. Revenue: Economic inflows generated by a company's normal operating activities. This typically refers to sales or services provided.5. Expenses: Economic outflows incurred by a company during its normal operating activities, used to generate revenue or maintain operations.6. Profit: The net income of a company, calculated by subtracting expenses from revenue. It reflects the company's earning potential and financial performance.7. Accounting Subjects: Specific categories used to classify and record financial transactions. These subjects are the building blocks of financial statements and include assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses, and profit.8. Accounting Books: Books or ledgers thatsystematically record and reflect a company's economic activities based on accounting vouchers. These books are crucial for tracking financial transactions and preparing financial statements.9. Management Accounting: A branch of accounting that focuses on providing financial information and insights to internal management for decision-making purposes. It involves the preparation of internal reports, budgets, and cost analysis.10. Return on Investment (ROI): A metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment by calculating the ratio of net income to the cost of the investment.11. Statement of Financial Position: A financial statement that presents the assets, liabilities, andowner's equity of a company as of a specific date. It shows the company's financial position and the claims against it.12. Statement of Cash Flows: A financial statement that shows the cash inflows and outflows of a company over aspecific period. It provides information about the sources and uses of cash and helps investors and creditors assess a company's liquidity and solvency.13. Tax Accounting: The area of accounting that deals with the calculation, reporting, and payment of taxes. It involves complying with tax regulations and preparing tax returns.14. Accounting Equation: A fundamental principle in accounting that states that the total of all assets must equal the total of all liabilities and owner's equity. This equation represents the balance sheet of a company.15. Articulation: The process of connecting or linking different financial statements or accounting records to ensure consistency and accuracy.16. Business Entity: A separate legal and financial identity distinct from its owners. It allows for the separate identification and accounting of the assets, liabilities, and activities of the business.17. Capital Stock: The total amount of equity issued bya company to its shareholders. It represents the original investment in the company and is divided into shares.18. Corporation: A type of business organization that has a separate legal existence from its owners.Corporations are owned by shareholders and are managed by a board of directors.19. Cost Principle: An accounting principle thatrequires expenses to be recognized when they are incurred and measured at their actual cost. It ensures that expenses are accurately matched with the revenues they help generate.20. Creditor: A party that has extended credit to another party, usually in the form of a loan. Creditorshave a claim on the assets of the borrower and are entitled to repayment of the loan plus interest.The above terms provide a solid foundation for understanding the language and practices of accounting.Each term plays a crucial role in the financial reporting and decision-making processes of businesses and organizations. Mastering these terms and their definitions is essential for anyone seeking a career in accounting or finance.。
英语版的会计名词解释
英语版的会计名词解释会计是一门重要的商务领域，它涉及到各种复杂的术语和概念。
对于那些不熟悉会计的人来说，这些术语可能会让人感到困惑。
为了帮助读者更好地理解会计名词，本文将解释一些常见的英语版会计名词。
1. Assets（资产）:Assets refer to something of value that a company or individual owns. This includes physical assets like cash, buildings, and equipment, as well as intangible assets like patents and trademarks. Assets represent the resources available to a company and are recorded on the balance sheet.2. Liabilities（负债）:Liabilities are the obligations or debts that a company or individual owes. This includes loans, accounts payable, and other financial obligations. Liabilities represent the company's debts and are also recorded on the balance sheet.3. Equity（股权）:Equity represents the ownership interest in a company. It is calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets. Equity can be in the form of stocks, retained earnings, or other forms of ownership. Equity represents the residual interest in the assets after deducting the liabilities.4. Revenue（收入）:Revenue is the income generated by a company through its primary business activities. It includes sales of products or services, as well as other sources of income such as royalties or licensing fees. Revenue is recorded on the income statement and is a key measure of a company's financial performance.5. Expenses（费用）:Expenses are the costs incurred by a company in the process of generating revenue. This includes salaries, rent, utilities, and other costs necessary to run the business. Expenses are deducted from revenue to calculate the company's net income.6. Profit（利润）:Profit is the amount of money left over after deducting expenses from revenue. It is a key indicator of a company's financial success. Profit can be further broken down into gross profit and net profit. Gross profit is the difference between revenue and the cost of goods sold, while net profit is the remaining profit after deducting all expenses.7. Depreciation（折旧）:Depreciation is the accounting method used to allocate the cost of an asset over its useful life. It is used to account for the wear and tear of long-term assets, such as buildings or equipment. Depreciation expense is recorded on the income statement and is deducted from revenue to calculate net profit.8. Accrual Basis（权责发生制）:Accrual basis accounting is a method of recording financial transactions based on when they occur, rather than when the cash is exchanged. Under accrual basis accounting, revenue is recognized when it is earned, and expenses are recognized when they are incurred, regardless of when the cash is received or paid out.9. Cash Basis（现金基础）:Cash basis accounting is a method of recording financial transactions based on when the cash is exchanged. Under cash basis accounting, revenue is recognized when the cash is received, and expenses are recognized when the cash is paid out. This method is simpler but may not accurately represent the financial position of a company.10. Return on Investment (ROI)（投资回报率）:ROI is a measure of the profitability of an investment. It is calculated by dividing the net profit from the investment by the initial cost of the investment, and expressing theresult as a percentage. ROI is used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an investment.以上仅是一些常见的英语版会计名词解释，如需了解更多会计名词，请参考相关的财务会计教材和专业词典。
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会计概念英文名词解释Session 1 Definitions and Elements of Financial StatementsYou will need to learn these underlined terms for the midterm!I.Income statement–“video” of revenues, expenses, gains, losses over a period oftimea.Basic definitions:Revenue–increase in equity (and associated increase in assets and/ordecrease in liabilities) earned from the sale of goods or provision of servicesto customers; it is measured on a gross basis as the amount of assets to bereceived.Expense– decrease in equity (and associated decrease in assets and/orincrease in liabilities) created by sale of goods, rendering of services orpassage of time; it is measured on a gross basis as the amount of assetsconsumed.Gain – increase in equity resulting from selling assets or recognizing theincrease in value of assets (or decrease in value of liabilities); it is measuredon a net basis as the positive difference between current value and amountrecorded on the balance sheet.Loss – decrease in equity resulting from selling assets or decrease in valueof assets (or increase in value of liabilities); it is measured on a net basis asthe negative difference between current value and amount recorded on thebalance sheet.Accounting period - the time period between consecutive balance sheets forwhich a firm prepares an income statement and statement of cash flows (e.g.,an annual report has a 12-month accounting period and a quarterly statementhas a 3-month accounting period).b.Elements:Sales - revenue from selling goods or providing services to customers,which is reported as the top line on the income statement.Cost of Goods Sold or Cost of Sales labor, material, and overhead costsdirectly related to providing goods or services.Gross Profit is the difference between Sales Revenue and Cost of GoodsSold, which represents the profit that is available to cover all of the otherexpenses on the income statement.Operating Expenses are expenses related to the ordinary operatingactivities of the firm of providing goods or services to customers or gainsand losses related to operating assets like PPE.Operating Profit or Income equals gross profit minus operating expenses.Other Nonoperating Revenue and Expense are items related toFINANCING activities (i.e., interest expense) and INVESTING activities(i.e., interest income and gains and losses on investments).Income Before Tax equals operating profit minus other income and expense.Tax expense equals a GAAP based measure of the government charges onincome.Net Income equals income before tax minus tax expense.c.Income statement accounts are called TEMPORARY ACCOUNTSbecause amounts accumulate for a defined period of time and are thenzeroed out when the balance is transferred to retained earnings.Annual income statement amounts represent the total revenues orexpenses for a 12 month period called the fiscal year.II.Balance sheet–“snapshot”of assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity at a point in timea.Basic DefinitionsOperating cycle - average time it takes to go from cash to goods andservices sold to customers and then back to cash collected from customers.b.Elements:Asset: resource the firm controls because of a past transaction or event thatprovides expected future benefits.Current asset: asset a firm expects to convert to cash, sell, orconsume within the longer of one year or an operating cycle.Noncurrent asset: asset not classified as current.Liability: creditor’s claims or obligation that represents a probable futureeconomic sacrifice of assets or services based on a past transaction or event.Current liability: obligation a firm expects to pay within the longerof one year or an operating cycle.Noncurrent liability: liability not classified as current.Shareholders’ equity: measure of financing provided by owners of the firm that captures owners’residual claim on assets of the firm after satisfying liabilities.Retained earnings: cumulative net income minus dividends overthe life of the firm.Retained earnings are a source of financing. When earnings exceedthe dividends paid out to shareholders, it increases equity or theowner’s claim on the firm.There is NOT a corresponding “cash fund” in the asset section equalto the balance in retained earnings. Changes in retained earnings area function of net income and dividends declared, which may or maynot correspond to changes in cash.Dividends: distribution of cash to the owners of the firm.c.Balance sheet accounts are called PERMANENT ACCOUNTS becausethe amounts accumulate year after year. The ending balance from the previous year becomes the beginning balance for the next year. Forexample, ending cash amount in 2011 will be the beginning cash amount in 2014, that is then adjusted for 2014 inflows and outflows to determine the 2014 cash amount.d.Basic accounting equation:ASSETS = LIABILITIES + STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYThe powerful implication is investments in assets can be financed witheither DEBT or EQUITY!Assets are resources and liabilities and equity represent the claims on thoseresources.III.Statement of Retained Earnings (included in Statement of Shareholders’ Equity) presents a“video” of the change in retained earnings from net income and dividends during the period.IV.Statement of Cash Flows–“video” of the sources and uses of cash over a period of time that explains the change in the cash balance on the balance sheet.a.Operating – core operations and items related to measurement of net incomeb.Investing- firms INVEST in assets so includes asset transactions:i.buy and sell property plant and equipmentii.buy and sell investmentsc.Financing - firms FINANCE with debt and equity so includes debt andequity transactionsi.borrow and pay back nonoperating debtii.issue and repurchase stockiii.pay dividendsd.Format+Net Operating Cash Flow+ Net Investing Cash Flow+ Net Financing Cash Flow= Change in Cash for the PeriodBeginning Cash from Last Year+/- Change in Cash for the Period= Ending Cash for This YearBalance Sheet Account Name DefinitionsAn account accumulates the increases and decreases that occur for a single item. GAAP does not provide an all-inclusive list of acceptable account names so their usagevaries by firm.Separate accounts are reported if they are “material” or crucial to understanding firm performance. For example, some firms divide interest revenue and interest expense into separate accounts while other firms combine them into one net account.You will receive credit in exams as long as the name is potentially used in practice and accurately describes and correctly classifies an account as asset, liability, or shareholders’equity. It is acceptable, but not required, to use more specific account names like prepaid rent for prepaid expense.The following list of account names are commonly used.Assets:Cash – currency or balances in checking accounts, CDs, or money market accounts available to meet current obligations. Highly liquid short-term investments with less than90 days to maturity and little risk of value changes are called "cash equivalents" and included in the cash account.Short-term investment or marketable securities –current value of investments inanother firm’s debt or equity securities that can be quickly sold for cash.Accounts receivable – amount due from customers for goods and services already delivered. Gross accounts receivable is the amount owed. Net accounts receivable is the amount expected to be collected after subtracting an allowance for uncollectible accounts.Notes receivable – amount to be received from an outside entity formalized with a note or lending agreement that specifies interest and payment terms.Inventory – raw materials, work in process (products started but not finished), andfinished goods available for sale to customers.Prepaid expenses –asset recognized when cash paid in advance of when futureexpenses will be incurred.Long-term investments–investments in bonds or equity securities expected to be held forthe long-term.Property, plant, and equipment (gross) – original cost to obtain and put into service buildings, land, and equipment.Accumulated depreciation – a contra or offsetting account with the cumulative amount of the cost of property, plant and equipment assigned to depreciation expense.Property, plant and equipment (net) –original cost minus accumulated depreciation.Intangible assets – items like patents and copyrights that provide future benefit but do not have physical substance. Intangible assets are only recognized when they are purchasedfrom an outside source. For example, if a firm purchases a patent from another company the cost is shown as an asset. However, if a firm does research that results in a patent, those research costs are included in R&D expense and an asset is only recognized for the legal and registration fees to obtain the patent.Goodwill – purchase price of an acquired company minus the market value of the identifiable assets minus liabilities of that company. The market values of both tangible and intangible assets are considered in the calculation of identifiable assets. Goodwill is ONLY recognized when one company purchases another company at a premium for things like future potential, market power, and quality of workforce that are not considered “i dentifiable assets.”Liabilities:Accounts payable – amount owed to suppliers for inventory or other goods or services purchased on credit.Other payables or accrued expenses– amounts owed for expenses that have already been recognized like interest, taxes, salaries, and rent.Short-term loans payable or notes payable–obligations formalized with a note or lending agreement that specify interest and payment terms and are due within the next year.Current maturities of long-term debt- the portion of long-term debt expected to be paid within the next year.Unearned revenue or advances from customer–liability incurred because cash was received from customers in advance of when revenue is earned so the firm has an obligation to deliver goods or services to the customer.Long-term debt (Notes, Loans Bonds, or Mortgage Payable) –obligations formalized witha note or lending agreement expected to be paid more than 1 year later.Shareholders’ Equity:Common stock at par –par or stated value of total stock issued over the life of the firm. Common stock has voting rights. Note that par value has legal significance but no real economic significance. For example, in some legal jurisdictions par value can play a role in distributions to stockholders in the case of liquidation. However, par value does not relate to the market value of the stock. Some legal jurisdictions, including Texas, allow no par value stock.Additional paid in capital - total amount of cash received above par value when the stock was issued, aggregated over the life of the firm. Note that some firms includethe par value and additional paid in capital in one “common stock” account. Also, note that additional paid in capital is reduced for certain stock option and treasury stock transactions.Example: Issue 10,000 shares of $1 par value common stock for $5 pershare. The shareholders' equity section will appear asfollows: Common stock at par $10,000Additional paid in capital $40,000Preferred stock - amount of cash the firm received for stock giving the holder a preference relative to common shareholders in terms of dividends and cash received if the firm is liquidated.Treasury stock - repurchase price of stock that was issued and then repurchased by the firm and held internally. Notice that treasury stock reduces shareholders’ equity because it reduces the equity claimed by OUTSIDE shareholders.Retained earnings – cumulative net income minus dividends over the life of the firm.Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - gains and losses that bypass the income statement and flow directly to the shareholders’ equity, accumulated over the life of the firm.Income Statement Account Name DefinitionsRevenueInterest income– interest earned on debt investments.ExpensesCost of goods sold or cost of sales revenue– labor, material and overhead costs directly related to providing goods and services. It is recognized only for the goods or services delivered during the period. For example, a manufacturing firm includes manufacturing salaries and depreciation on manufacturing equipment in the inventory account and then in cost of goods sold when the inventory is sold to customers.Assume TI has 20 inventory items available for sale that cost $1000 each, and they sell 5 of these items for $1600 each. The income statement would show sales revenue of $8,000 (5 * $1,600) and cost of goods sold of $5,000 (5 * $1,000). It is not appropriate to show revenues minus cost of goods sold as one net amount on the income statement. With this example, the inventory asset account on the balance sheet contain $15,000 (15 * $1,000).Now assume, you know that beginning inventory is $12,000, purchases were $8,000, and ending inventory is $15,000. Calculate Cost of Goods Sold with the following equation: Beginning Inventory 12,000+ Purchases +8,000= Cost of Goods Available for Sale $20,000- Ending Inventory -$15,000= Cost of Goods Sold =$5,000Depreciation expense– cost of PPE allocated to expense during the current period.Wage or salary expense– amount of wages employees have earned during the period.Rent expense– amount of rent incurred during the period.Advertising expense– amount of advertising costs incurred during the period.Interest expense–cost incurred during the period for money borrowed.Insurance expense– amount of insurance used during the period.Tax expense– federal, state, and local taxes measured on income.Selling, general, and administrative expense– all costs to sell and manage a firm (includes sales and management salaries and depreciation related to headquarters building).Research and development–all costs to create and develop new products (includes R&D salaries and depreciation on research facilities and equipment).。