考研真题阅读理解名师解析(八)

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英语专业八级(考研)阅读理解模拟试题及解析

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise；and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] Identify a problem.[C] Bring together disparate facts.[D] Stipulate clear goals.2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem；Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.4. The text provides support for which of the following statements？[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.答案与考点解析1. 「答案」D「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析八

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(八)Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer thispainful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project。

Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want。

But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news。

考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记（八）

TEXT 1 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionage-spying as a profession.These days the Net, which has already remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point and click spying.The spooks call it open source intelligence, and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at. Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's st week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine, says Friedman, a former political science professor,And we'll hear back from some of them.Open source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.That's where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin.Several of his staff members have military intelligence backgrounds.He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success.Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. The emergence of the Net has . A．received support from fans like Donovan B．remolded the intelligence services C．restored many common pastimes D．revived spying as a profession 42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to . A．introduce the topic of online spying B．show how he fought for the US C．give an episode of the information war D．honor his unique services to the CIA 43. The phrase making the biggest splash (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means . A．causing the biggest trouble B．exerting the greatest effort C．achieving the greatest success D．enjoying the widest popularity 44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that . A． Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true B．Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information C．Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability D．Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 45. Straitford is most proud of its . A．official status B．nonconformist image C．efficient staff D．military backgroundable11 a.有能⼒的，能⼲的，显⽰出才华的 achieve12 v.①完成，实现；②达到，达成，获得 agency11 n.代理（处），代办处 analysis8 n.分析，分解 available18 a.①可⽤的，可得到的；②可以见到的，随时可来的 avoid9 v.避免，回避，逃避 background6 n.背景，经历 brief5 a.简短的，简洁的；v.简短介绍，简要汇报；n.①（pl.）摘要；②指令 business36 n.①商业，⽣意；②事务，业务，职责；③企业；④贸易量；⑤⾏业，业务 cause28 n.①原因，理由；②事业，事件，奋⽃⽬标；v.使产⽣，引起 characterize6 v.①表⽰...的特性；②描述...的特性 click1 v.①点击；②发出滴答声；n.滴答声 collection1 n.收藏（品），收集（物） compile1 v.编辑，汇编 contest2 n.竞争，竞赛，⽐赛；v.竞争，⽐赛，争论 corporation10 n.公司，企业，团体 crisis3 n.（［pl.］crises）危机，紧要关头 data22 n.（datum的复数）资料，数据 decade18 n.⼗年 declaration2 n.宣⾔，宣布，声明 dramatic4 a.①戏剧的，戏剧性的；②剧烈的，激进的；③显著的，引⼈注⽬的 efficient3 a.①有效的，效率⾼的；②有能⼒的，能胜任的 electronic8 a.电⼦的 episode1 n.⽚断，（连续剧的）⼀集 exert3 v.发挥，施加影响，运⽤ fascinate2 v.迷住，强烈吸引 firm14 a.①坚固的，稳固的；②坚决的，坚定的；n.公司，商号 former10 a.①前任的；②以前的，在前的；pron.前者 forth2 ad.向前，向外；（back and ～）来回地 guarantee5 n.保证，保证书；v.保证，担保 image1 n.①形象；②肖像，影像，印象 increasingly11 ad.不断增加地，⽇益 independent6 a.（of）独⽴的，⾃主的 influential1 a.①有影响的；②有权势的 information44 n.①通知，报告；②情报，信息 intelligence13 n.①智⼒，聪明；②理解⼒；③情报，消息，报导 lean2 v.①倾斜，屈⾝；②倚，靠，依赖；a.①瘦的，⽆脂肪的；②精⼲的，效率⾼的；③贫瘠的 margin1 n.①页边空⽩；②边缘；③余地；④幅度 military3 a.军事的，军⽤的，军队的 pastime1 n.消遣，娱乐 phrase6 n.短语，词语，习语 predict13 v.预⾔，预测，预告 private11 a.私⼈的，个⼈的，秘密的，私下的 profession5 n.职业，⾃由职业 reinforce2 v.增援，加强 reliable5 a.可靠的 rely6 v.①（on）依赖，依靠；②信赖，信任 restore3 v.①恢复，使回复；②归还，交还；③修复，重建 result37 n.结果，成果，成绩；v.①（in）导致，结果是；②（from）起因于，因...⽽造成 revive1 v.①使苏醒；②复苏，复兴 risk14 v.冒...的危险；n.风险，危险 science58 n.①科学；②学科 solution4 n.①解答，解决办法；②溶解，溶液 sound7 n.声⾳，声响；v.①发声，响；②听起来；a.①健全的，完好的；②正当的，有根据的；③彻底的，充分的 source11 n.①源，源泉；②来源，出处 splash1 v.溅，泼；n.①溅，飞溅声；②（make a ～）引起轰动 spy6 n.间谍；v.①当间谍，刺探；②察觉，发现 staff5 n.①全体职⼯，全体⼈员；②杠，棒；③参谋部；v.配备⼯作⼈员 status5 n.①地位，⾝份；②情形，状况 story11 n.①描述；②故事；③报道；④谎话；⑤楼层 topic3 n.话题，主题，题⽬ unique6 a.惟⼀的，独⼀⽆⼆的 vacuum1 n.真空，真空吸尘器；v.⽤真空吸尘器打扫 vocation1 n.职业，⾏业 web12 n.，蜘蛛 advantage13 n.优势, 有利条件 distribution6 n.分配，分发，配给物 emergence5 n.浮现，出现 espionage1 n.间谍，侦探 latest8 a.最近的 mastery1 n.掌握 mutually1 ad.互相地，互助 nonconformist1 a./n.不墨守陈规的（⼈） online8 n.联机，在线 popularity5 n.普及，流⾏ prediction6 n.预⾔，预报 remold1 vt.改造 reshape1 vt.改造，再成形 spook1 n.间谍，特务 spymaster2 n.间谍⾸脑 strategic2 a.战略的，战略上的 truthfulness1 n.真实，正当，坦率 unpredictability2 n.不可预测性 whereby2 ad.凭什么，由此难句1 The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. ［结构分析］ 1. 本句主⼲结构是：The American spymaster ... was fascinated with information； 2. who引导的定语从句修饰the American spymaster，who在定语从句中作主语，谓语是and连接的built和laid；［本句难点］主要是从句关系复杂；［⽅法对策］找出主句和从句关系，然后找出各⾃的主⼲结构，就⽐较好理解本句；［例句精译］这位曾经在第⼆次世界⼤战时建⽴了战略服务处，后来⼜为中央情报局的成⽴打下了基础的美国间谍⼤师对情报是如此着迷。

专八中级阅读练习及答案解析

专八中级阅读练习及答案解析专八中级阅读练习及答案解析备考英语考试，练习是基础。

为了帮助同学们更好的复习，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专八中级阅读练习及答案解析，希望大家能有所收获，Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging.Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing.No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing.They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kindbecause they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme.The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems.And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information.'T alk, talk, talk,’the advocates of violence say,‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‘Possible, my lord,’the barrister replied,‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.What is the best title for this passage?[A]Advocating Violence.[B]Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.[C]Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.[D]The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2.Recorded history has taught us ___________[A]violence never solves anything.[B]nothing.[C]the bloodshed means nothing.[D]everything.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ___________[A]can’t get a hearing.[B]are looked down upon.[C]are persecuted.[D]Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4.“He was none the wiser” means ___________[A]he was not at all wise in listening.[B]He was not at all wiser than nothing before.[C]He gains nothing after listening.[D]He makes no sense of the argument.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is ___________[A]law enforcement.[B]knowledge.[C]nonviolence.[D]Mopping up the violent mess.Vocabulary1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺;n.赃物3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂声eg.when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。

研究生英语阅读Unit8课后答案

Unit 8Transportation and City LifeLearning ObjectivesPart I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions:The following are four pictures of the traffic regulations and theirmeaning. Match each picture with its corresponding meaning.(1) -- C (2) -- D(3) -- B (4) -- AA. The driver of lorry A needs to be responsible for the accident because he violatesthe traffic regulation by opening the door without noticing the rear vehicle.B. The driver of car A needs to be responsible for the collision because he violates thetraffic regulation by overtaking the car from the right on a one-way traffic road. C. The driver of lorry A needs to be responsible for the accident because he violatesthe traffic regulation by carrying goods with overlength.D. The driver of car A needs to be responsible for the crash because he violates the traffic regulation by not avoiding the front turning vehicle.B Directions:The following are different means of transportation. Join a partnerand discuss the following questions:bike taxi train bus subway plane light rail car1. Which means of transportation do you usually take when you go downtown?2. Which do you take when you go traveling? And why?3. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of a certain means of transportationyou take.Useful Words and Expressionstraffic regulation 交通规则pedestrian 行人guide post 路标subway 地铁traffic light 红绿灯give way 让路police box 岗亭commute 通勤single line 单行线ambulance 救护车double yellow lines 双黄线drunk driving 醉酒驾车zebra stripes 斑马线exceed the speed limit超速cross road十字路safety island安全岛no entry 不准进入sidewalk 人行道no turns 不准掉头carriage way 车行道drive on to the pavement 冲上人行道ill informed 消息闭塞head-on collision 迎面相撞lack of cultural activities 缺乏文化生活a chain collision 连环撞convenient traffic 便捷的交通driving without license 无证驾驶public transportation system公共交通系统Part II Listening1.HK airportRead the new words below before listening.Directions:Listen to a dialogue about HK airport. Fill in the information that isTapescriptRob: Hello, I‘m Rob and with me today is Rosie.Rosie: Hi there.Rob: Hi, Rosie. Now i n our programme today we‘re talking about airports. They are sort of a departure point for great adventures and they are amazing crossroads for people travelling across the world.Rosie: But why are we talking about them today?Rob: Well, airport expansion has been in the news and particularly plans to expand Hong Kong International airport which could turn into the World‘s biggest. Rosie: The airport was only opened in 1998 and was built on an island made by land reclamation. The airport is seen as a major contributor to the Hong Kong economy.Rob: That‘s right. Let‘s hear from BBC correspondent Juliana Liu about the airport‘s importance. (Juliana Liu, BBC correspondent)Hong Kong’s airport is one of the busiest in the world, transporting fifty f our million passengers a year and more cargo than anywhere else. And because it’s so close to the booming provinces of southern China, those traffic figures are only expected to go up.Rosie: That‘s why the government wants to make an enormous expansion of the airport.Rob: Other countries around the world are also talking about expanding their airports.Rosie: Yes, this is something that is being considered in London. The government is now considering building a new runway at Heathrow or even building a completely new airport altogether, possibly in the middle of the Thames estuary.Rob: But building projects like these are very expensive and they involve making decisions based on predictions for the future.Rosie: Well let‘s hear more from Juliana Liu about what‘s involved with the expanding of the project?(Juliana Liu, BBC correspondent)The project is likely to cost more than 17 billions dollars, much more than the existing airport. It will be an enormous undertaking. Much of the space needed for the runway does not yet exist, so it must be reclaimed from the sea. Rob: M ore than 17 billion dollars! That‘s more than the existing airport cost to build so maybe that gives you the idea of how big it really is going to be.Rosie: A very big commitment. One of the tasks –or jobs – that needs doing is to build more land.Rob: Now a t the moment there isn‘t the space to build a runway so new land must be reclaimed from the sea. They will convert the seabed into land to build on. Rosie: That will be a really big undertaking! But why do they have to do that?Couldn‘t they build it somewhere else, maybe nearer the city centre?Rob: Well, as you know, land is expensive and anyway, airports create noise and pollution which nobody wants near their house. A good compromise – or a fair agreement – is to build them by the sea.Rosie: But even doing that in Hong Kong has raised some concerns for environmentalists –people who care about the environment. There is also concern about pollution which apparently is already what most people complain about in Hong Kong. And the air and noise pollution can certainly affect our health.Rob: Well I think building new airports is always controversial but until we can develop a cleaner form of transport and a quieter one, there will be always be the need for air travel and for airports.2. Cycling in CitiesA Directions:In this section you will hear a report about the cycling life on theslow lane in some European countries. While listening for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions：Listen to the report again and answer the following questions.1) Where and when did the low-tech scheme start?It started in the French town of La Rochelle in 1974.2) Apart from Mexico, what cities have adopted rent-a-bike projects?They are Copenhagen, Paris, Berlin, and London.3) What is the biggest problem for the cycling schemes?theft4) What seems to be more secure than portable lock?the mandatory use of docking stations5) What are the two best solutions mentioned for urban cycling?One is cycle lanes; the other is the right to ride gently through parks and on pavements without being fined.TapescriptCycling in citiesShifting up a gearRent-a-bike projects are cropping up in unlikely placesTHIN air, thick smog and bad drivers make Mexico City hard going for cyclists. But a new fleet of 1,200 smart red ―Ecobici‖ pay-as-you-go rental bikes, at 85 docking stations, marks the most ambitious recent addition to a global trend of municipally endorsed cycling. Since February 7,000 people have signed up, and between them they have taken more than 200,000 trips.A low-tech scheme started in the French town of La Rochelle in 1974.Copenhagen launched the first big automated project in 1995. German cities, including Berlin, have tried versions paid for by mobile phone. But the most successful is the ―Vélib‖ in Paris, with 20,000 bikes available for users with swipe-cards. In London the transport authority and Barclays Bank will launch a 6,000-bike programme on July 30th. Users can pay at one of the 400 docking stations, or use a key with a chip.The vulnerability for most schemes is theft. Thousands of the Parisian bikes disappeared in the scheme‘s early stages, turning up as far a f ield as Romania and Morocco. Portable locks have proved a weak point: the mandatory use of docking stations is more secure. ―We were expecting people to steal them, but that hasn‘t happened,‖ says Marcelo Ebrard, Mexico City‘s mayor. Only one of the 1,200 bikes in the scheme has gone missing to date.The paradox of urban cycling is that bad traffic is both deterrent and incentive. When demonstrations or traffic-signal failures bring Mexico‘s streets to gridlock, businessmen can be seen strapping their briefcases onto Ecobicis.Cyclists in places like London and Mexico City yearn for proper cycle lanes, of the kind commonplace in countries such as Germany. A second-best solution is the right to ride gently through parks and on pavements without being fined. On that score at least Mexico‘s traffic police, the scourge of motorists, are charm itself.For now, the hope is that new bike-hire schemes help raise cyclists‘ numbers enough to change motorists‘ behaviour—and thus erode the perception of danger that keeps people off their bikes3Social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global societyof city’s role in global society. Listen and answer the following questions.1) Who have cities attracted since ancient times?They have attracted smart people and enable them to work collaboratively to advance society.2) Why does Glaeser say there is less carbon usage in cities than in countryside?Two reasons for that. One is less driving because of public transportation. The second is that people in the cities occupy smaller homes than people living in rural areas.3) What are the vital considerations in urban planning in 21st century?energy, the environment, and the economyB Directions: Listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Big cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, 1) congested, crime-ridden places. As the world population passes seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking 2) the role of the city in global societyIn a new book, ―Triumph of the City,‖ Glaeser takes readers a world tour of 3) urban success stories. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create 4) job opportunities and vibrant economies. He also believes concentrating population in a city is better for the environment.Economist Edward Glaeser believes cities are 5) attractive/fascinating because they make people rich by delivering a path out of poverty to prosperity, offering them a chance to 6) partner with others who have different skills, and offering them 7) access to world markets, access to capital.But not everyone agrees. Architect and urban designer Michael Mehaffy says encouraging high-density living doesn‘t always improve a society‘s 8) quality of life. It could also bring a lot of 9) negative effects from density.Mehaffy—a proponent of compact, walkable, transit-served communities—notes that big city life is not for everyone.TapescriptSocial scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global societyBig cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, congested, crime-ridden warrens. As the world population passes seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global society.Economist Edward Glaeser believes cities are the best places to live. Since ancient times, he says, cities have attracted smart people and enabled them to work collaboratively to advance society.In a new book, ―Triumph of the City,‖Glaeser takes readers a world tour of urban success stories from Boston and London, to Tokyo, Bangalore and Kinshasa. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create job opportunities and vibrant economies.Even the pockets of poverty that are part of the modern urban landscape, Glaeser says, are signs of the power of cities.―Cities don‘t make people poor, they attract poor people, and they attract poor people by delivering a path out of poverty and to prosperity, a chance to partner with people who have different skills, access to world markets, access to capital that enables poor people, some of them -not all of them - to actually find a way forward.‖Concentrating population in a city, Glaeser says, is better for the environment.―There is significantly less carbon usage in cities. There are two reasons for that, one of which is less driving. They are more likely to use public transportation. And whenthey do drive, they drive shorter distances. And the second is that people in the cities occupy smaller homes than people living in rural areas.‖To multiply that effect, the economist would like to see even more people move to cities, where towering skyscrapers would provide energy-efficient, affordable housing.But architect and urban designer Michael Mehaffy says encouraging high-density living doesn‘t always improve a society‘s quality of life.―There‘s a point where more density doesn‘t really get you very much. I mean they can be very helpful in some circumstances, they can be very destructive in some circumstances. I think we should really focus on what urban living gives to us in the network of relationships, not so much as abstract numbers of density. You know that just makes it absolutely high as possible as much of the tall buildings, because once you do that, you start to kick in lots of negative effects from density.‖Mehaffy—a proponent of compact, walkable, transit-served communities—notes that big city life is not for everyone.21st century cities are being reshaped as energy, the environment and the economy become more vital considerations in urban planning.4. Foggy California City is Tops With TouristsB Directions:Listen to the passage again and decide whether the followingstatements are true or false.1) Each year Los Angeles ranks first or second in the nation in touristvisits. ( F ) 2) Considering so many attractions, it‘s no wonder San Francisco is a desirable andexpensive place to visit. ( T ) 3) San Francisco gets a lot of rain, but its winters are cold and its summers warm.( F ) 4) San Francisco has a fleet of 37 cable cars which are the only ones of their kindremaining in the world. ( T ) 5) T he ―hippie‖ experience of San Francisco‘s 1967 ―Summer of Love‖has quitefar-reaching influence on some American people. ( T ) TapescriptFoggy California City is Tops With TouristsHilly San Francisco is America‘s 13th-largest city. Three other California cities— Los Angeles, San Diego and San Jose — are larger. Yet each year, San Francisco ranks first or second in the nation in tourist visits.What‘s the attraction? Why did singer Tony Bennett, in his signature song, leave his heart in San Francisco, rather than, say, Boston or Cincinnati?Perhaps it‘s the setting: shrouded in fog along 40 steep hills, overlooking glistening San Francisco Bay. Many of the densely-packed neighborhoods clinging to these hills are filled with ornate Victorian houses called ―painted ladies.‖ Considering its ocean beaches, bustling commercial waterfront, two of the world‘s most striking bridges, and the largest urban park west of Philadelphia, it’s no wonder San Francisco is a desirable and expensive place to live and a treat to visit.Add in its lively theater scene, the oldest ballet company in the United States, dozens of art galleries, and thousands of fine restaurants, and San Francisco exudes sophistication.The city does get a lot of rain, but its winters are mild and its summers cool. Really cool. In fact, there‘s a de lightful saying —incorrectly credited to humorist Mark Twain —that the natives enjoy: ―The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.‖Among the city‘s top visitor attractions is Chinatown —the largest Asian community outside Asia. And one of the enduring symbols of San Francisco is its fleet of 37 cable cars —the only ones of their kind remaining in the world.San Francisco‘s hills themselves are tourist attractions —especially a serpentine stretch of Lombard Street that everyone ca lls the ―Crookedest Street in America.‖In the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood, you can still run into people who are trying to recapture the “hippie” experience of San Francisco’s 1967 “Summer of Love.” And in San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz Prison, which once housed the worst of the worst federal prisoners, is open for tours.These unique allurements explain why the American short-story writer O. Henry wrote, ―East is East, and West is San Francisco.‖Part III WatchingDirection: Here is a news report about an urban farmer. Watch the video and answer the questions.1)What kind of produce does the farmer raise?radishes, cucumbers, lettuce2) Does Koiner grow vegetables purely for money? If not, then for what?It keeps him busy just raising all this stuff. He enjoys it.2)How does the daughter enjoy the planting?She could not live any other way.‖AudioscriptIt‘s a typical day in downtown Silver Spring, just outside of Washington, D.C, a few blocks from here– and a world away since Charlie Koiner‘s farm, a collection ofsmall plots.Koiner has raised a wide variety of produce in the lot next to his home since he bought the land 30 years ago. He calls it the best investment he ever made, but not in terms of money.―I have an acre (4,000 square meters) of ground here and that gives me plenty of room and plenty of ground to work,‖ he says. ―So it keeps me busy just raising all this stuff. I enjoy it.‖Born and raised on a family farm that is now a shopping mall in a fast-growing Washington suburb, Koiner has gardened all his life.―That was my grandfather‘s place, and we had some 30 acres (12 hectares) right there, that was all country and everything. And we had horses and cows and chickens and always raised a big garden.‖He takes pride in what he grows in his plots and customers drop by frequently to pick up produce. Many of them are regulars, like Martha Grundmann, who came across Koiner‘s farm by chance seven years ago.―I was driving home and took a shortcut through here,‖ she says, ―and I saw this sign on the corner saying ‗radishes, cucumbers, lettuce,‘ and I said, ‗This is a garden in the middle of Silver Spring?‘―Barbara Stein comes to Koiner‘s every week. ―In the early 80s, my mother and aunt started to go to him. I enjoy talking to him, he is a very sweet man. I love his produce. He has great prices and wonderful stuff. I feel kind of loyal to him.‖ Saturdays are Koiner‘s busiest day, he sells his produce at a nearby farmers‘ market. Koiner says he could not do all the work without his daughter.―I gre w up on a farm with my father. I am the only child. And around the farm I followed my father everywhere,‖ says Lynn Koiner. ―I worked on the farm and it was not because I had to, but I just loved doing it. I am the same as my father, I could not live any o ther way.‖Lynn, now 65, recalls the reactions from developers when her father purchased this piece of land.―As soon as my father bought it they started calling me, asking me what I wanted to do with the land, and I said ‗We are going to farm it.‘Well, you could hear, like, you know, air being sucked out of a room, this gasp of, farm? They could not believe.‖The Koiners say they still don‘t plan on selling.―Over the years I have had a good life, you know what I mean, just working, and I am thankful for that, at my age, to be able to get out here and do what I am doing now. As long as I am able or fit to do it, I like to keep on doing it.‖Part IV Oral PracticeGroup work: A debateDirections: The life in a city and on a farm has its own pros and cons. Some people think rural life is boring and they are attracted by the higher wages, various forms of entertainment and richer cultural activities in downtown. Others, however, think city life is too noisy and they prefer the fresh air, clean water, smooth road and relaxingway of life in the countryside. What’s your opinion about this topic? Share your understanding with your group members, or divide your group into two parties and make a debate. The following are words and expressions that you may use in the debate.Enrichment Reading (略)。

英语专业八级阅读考点解析

英语专业八级阅读考点解析Introduction:The English Proficiency Test for English Majors Level 8 (TEM-8) is a widely recognized examination in China that measures the English proficiency of students majoring in English. One of the key components of this test is the reading section. In this article, we will analyze the essential reading points that students should focus on to excel in the TEM-8 examination.1. Vocabulary:Vocabulary is a fundamental aspect of reading comprehension. To master the reading section, candidates need to have a strong command of both general and specialized vocabulary. Paying attention to word formation, collocations, synonyms, and antonyms will help improve vocabulary proficiency. Additionally, building a solid foundation of academic vocabulary is crucial for understanding complex texts.2. Reading Techniques:Developing effective reading techniques is essential for comprehending and analyzing academic texts within a limited timeframe. Skimming, scanning, and critical reading are three predominant techniques worth mastering. Skimming helps to quickly grasp the main idea and structure of a text, while scanning facilitates locating specific information. Critical reading involves analyzing the author's argument, tone, and logical reasoning.3. Inference and Deduction:TEM-8 emphasizes the ability to draw inferences and deductions from the given text, making it important for candidates to develop critical thinking skills. Identifying implicit information, making logical connections between sentences and paragraphs, and understanding the writer's intentions are crucial in finding the implied meaning. Practicing with various types of texts can significantly enhance these skills.4. Text Structure:Understanding the organization and structure of different types of texts is pivotal in comprehending academic readings. Familiarity with typical structures such as cause and effect, compare and contrast, and problem and solution can aid in quickly identifying the main ideas and supporting details. Recognizing transitional words and phrases, as well as understanding paragraph coherence, will enhance overall comprehension.5. Contextual Clues:Strong reading comprehension also relies on the ability to use contextual clues to infer the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases. Recognizing the relationship between words and their surrounding context can help determine the intended meaning. Additionally, paying attention to cohesive devices such as pronouns, synonyms, and conjunctions can assist in comprehending the logical flow of the text.6. Time Management:As the TEM-8 reading section has a strict time limit, effective time management is vital. Candidates should practice completing reading passages within the allocated timeframe, ensuring they allocate sufficienttime for each question. By improving reading speed without compromising comprehension, test-takers can maximize their overall performance.Conclusion:In conclusion, achieving success in the TEM-8 reading section requires a combination of vocabulary mastery, effective reading techniques, inference and deduction skills, understanding of text structures, utilization of contextual clues, and efficient time management. By focusing on these key areas and practicing with a variety of texts, English majors can enhance their reading proficiency and improve their performance in the TEM-8 examination.。

英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析

英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析no pain, no gain. 以下是我为大家搜寻整理的英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment' period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care hada neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1. This passage primarily argues that ___.A. infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.B. whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.C. there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.D. there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three.2. The phrase "predispose to' (Para. 1, line 3) most probably means ___.A. lead toB. dispose toC. get intoD. tend to suffer3. According to Bowlbys analysis, it is quite possible that ___.A. childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.B. early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C. children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.D. some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.4. It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that ___.A. traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.B. Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.C. A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.D. Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.5. The writer concludes that ___.A. it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.B. It is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.C. It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.D. It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school.答案：BDCAD文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。

There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。

专四专八阅读理解分析及解题技巧reading comprehension

Trend: There is an average trend for the three types in recent years.
Almost all the texts are selected from:
Los Angeles Times The New Yorker Newsweek The Economist Time National Geographic International Herald Tribune BBC CNN Fortune ……
7. The author's attitude
Attention: I think, believe, agree, doubt... EG: At the end of the passage, the author found himself in a mood of ( ) ? the author's tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is ( )?
Reading Comprehension
Part One
Analysis of Article types & Questions
In reading comprehension, there are 20 questions and 20 points in total. We should do four texts in 30minutes, and 140 — 180 words per minute.
The author’s tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is A. optimistic and cautious. B. supportive and skeptical. C. doubtful and reserved. • ambiguous and cautious.

专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析

专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析"Can not help but always sad, so slowly learned to hide."以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!As Michael Jackson made the unfortunate transition from pop-music icon to tabloid staple，one of the most common lines of attack was on his ever-changing appearance, the way his skin dramatically lightened in color, and his face altered in structure.What's most tragic about Jackson's death, aside from the fact that it comes as he was mounting a comeback to include a sold-out 50-show residence at London's 02 Arena，is that what people will remember about him is his changing face. What they should remember：The way he changed the face of pop music.Jackson first came to prominence as the pint-size nucleus of his family band, the Jackson 5. He quickly became the focal point of the group because of his popular cuteness and, of course, that voice. What was so remarkable about the young Michael was his ability to co mmunicate youthful innocence’ or premature wisdom, or sometimes both at the same time. It was no small feat for the same preteen to credibly deliver shrewd stories of love and loss like “I Want You Back" and "The Love You Save", as well as he carried off c utesy soul ditties like “ ABC" and "Rockin' Robin". He led the group to four No. 1 singles.But his watershed moments came after he came out of his awkward teenage years. At 20, Jackson starred in the film version of The Wiz, at which point he met Quincy Jones, who agreed to produce his fifth solo album, Off the Wall. The record was a mature, sexy blend of pop soul with a heavy, danceable discogroove. Having spent his earlier years trying to straddle vocal adolescence，he effortlessly became an adult. It certainly helped that Jackson was so adept at using that voice, and that he had a set of amazing songs to work with, among them "Don't Stop Til You Get Enough" and “Rock With You", in which Jackson sings lyrics that perfectly describe his own gifted footwork："When you dance, there's a magic that must be love.“As stunning an artistic statement as Off the Wall was, it did little to prepare anyone for the cultural phenomenon that was his subsequent album, Thriller. Jackson’s goal was to create an album in which every song was a hit. He didn't quite accomplish that, but he did create a classic pop album that fans zealously snatched up (to the tune of an estimated 100 million copies worldwide to date) and that solidified his status as the King of Pop. Debate still rages about whether Off the Wall or Thriller is stronger as an album. But the sea change Jackson created with Thriller had less to do with the music than with the medium.At the height of MTV, Jackson became the first black artist to create a fan base using his image rather than in spite d it. His grasp of performance and presentation remains without parallel.Jackson's subsequent albums failed to reach the heights of Thriller. But Jackson retained his knack for spectacle. Every music video he released was a major event, which is why MTV's lifetime-achievement statue at its annual awards show still bears his name. As a singer, as a songwriter, as a performer, as a dancer, Jackson remains among the most gifted ’ imaginative ’ larger-than-life musician of any race that has ever come along. Whatever changed about him over the years, that certainly didn't.1. According to Paragraph Two, which of the following is NOT true aboul Jackson's tragic death?[A] He had been busy preparing for his comeback shows before he died. [B] The tickets to his comeback shows had been sold out before he died. [C] His ever-changing appearance had negative effects on him. [D] People don't remember the way he changed the face of pop music.2. Which of the following is true about Jackson's songs mentioned in this passage?[A] "I Want You Back", "The Love You Save", "ABC" and "Rockin' Robin" were the four No. 1 singles of Jackson 5.[B] Jackson failed to convey the meaning trf love and loss in the songs "I Want You Back" and "The Love You Save".[C] "Don't Stop Til You Get Enough" and "Rock With You" were from Off the Wall, which was his first solo album.[D] Jackson's wonderful dancing skills were vividly described in the lyrics of “ Rock With You".3. "Straddle" in Paragraph Four can be best replaced by[A] deal with. [B] get over. [C] avoid. [D] end.4. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph Five?[A] Every song in Thriller was a success.[B] Thriller was more successful than Off the Wall.[C] Jackson had already been recognized as the King of Pop before Thriller. [D] Some of Jackson's fans still minded his image as a black person.5. The tone of the passage can be best described as[A] commendatory. [B] derogatory. [C] critical. [D] neutral.2009年6月25日.美国“流行天王”迈克尔杰克逊在洛杉矾突发心脏病离世,终年50岁。

英语专业八级阅读真题解析

英语专业八级阅读真题解析Section 1: Passage AnalysisIn this section, we will analyze the main points and ideas presented in the given passage.Section 2: Vocabulary and PhrasesNext, we will explore the vocabulary and phrases used in the passage. This section aims to provide a better understanding of the text.Section 3: Grammar and SyntaxIn this section, we will focus on the grammatical structures and sentence patterns used throughout the reading passage. Understanding these aspects will help improve comprehension and language proficiency.Section 4: Inference and DeductionHere, we will analyze the author's intentions and make deductions based on the information provided in the passage. This section aims to enhance critical thinking skills.Section 5: Organization and CoherenceThis section will examine the overall organization and coherence of the passage. We will discuss how the ideas are presented and connected to ensure a smooth flow of information.Section 6: Cultural and Historical ContextNext, we will explore any cultural or historical references mentioned in the passage. Understanding the context will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the text.Section 7: Summary and ConclusionFinally, we will summarize the key points discussed in the passage and draw a conclusion based on the information provided. This section aims to consolidate the main ideas presented.Please note that the above sections are just an example of how this article can be structured. You can adjust the format and headings based on your specific requirements. Remember to maintain a clean and visually appealing layout throughout the article.。

英语专八阅读理解精读训练附答案和解析- 第9篇 Holmes'Knowledge

第9篇:Holmes'Knowledge精读原文：Holmes'KnowledgeHis ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system."You appear to be astonished,"Holmes said, smiling at my expression. "Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.""But the Solar System!"I protested."What the deuce is it to me?" he interrupted impatiently.One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life,"and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man' s inmost thought.Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived atthem they might well consider him as a necromancer."From a drop of water,"said the writer, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it."This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.【阅读练习题】1.What is the author' s attitude toward Holmes?[A]Praising.[B]Critical.[C]Ironical.[D}Distaste.2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes'uniqueness?[A]By deduction.[B]By explanation.[C]By contrast.[D]By analysis.3.What was the Holmes'idea about knowledge-learning?[A]Learning what every body learned.[B]Learning what was useful to you.[C]Learning whatever you came across.[D]Learning what was different to you.4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.【答案详解】1.A赞扬。

考研真题阅读理解试题及名师解析

但总体来说，都注重考查考生的阅读理解能力、推理能力和词汇语法掌握情况
名师解析与答题技巧
名师会对历年真题进行深入解析，帮助考生理解文章和题目的本质
同时会提供一些实用的答题技巧，如快速定位信息、判断作者观点等
考生可以结合名师的解析和技巧进行练习和总结，提高解题效率和准确率
阅读理解技巧提升
03
快速定位关键信息方法
01
扫描题干，明确题目要求
02
利用题干关键词回原文定位
注意段落首尾句及转折词
03
04
识别并略读非关键信息
识别作者观点与态度技巧
注意文中表达情感色彩的词汇
关注作者对所讨论问题的评价
分析文章结构和论证方式排除文中事实性细节干扰
推理判断题型应对策略
理解文章表面含义，挖掘深层信息
考研真题阅读理解试题及名师解析
contents
目录
• 考研英语阅读理解概述 • 历年真题精选及解析 • 阅读理解技巧提升 • 常见错误类型及避免方法 • 模拟试题训练与名师点评 • 总结与展望
考研英语阅读理解
01
概述
阅读理解题型及分值分布
选择题
包括细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题等，占据阅读理解部分的主要分值。
能力。
下一阶段备考计划安排建议
01
制定详细计划
根据个人情况制定详细的备考计划，合理分配时间，明确每天的
学习任务。
03
模拟考试
定期进行模拟考试，检验备考效果，及时调整备考策略。
02
精读与泛读结合
在备考过程中，既要进行精读训练，提高阅读深度，也要进行泛
读训练，扩大阅读广度。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读分析详解

2018年可锐考研英语阅读分析详解（八）Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm’s remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theater, musical festivals, and children’s toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries?An answer to the first of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. Mckendrick favors a Veblem model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The “middling sort”bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition.Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrickclaims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector.That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to[A] contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in eighteenth-century England.[B] indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to eighteenth-century English history.[C] give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in eighteenth-century England.[D] support the contention that key questions about eighteenth-century consumerism remain to be answered.2. Which of the following items, if preserved from eighteenth-century England, would provide an example of the kind of documents mentioned in lines 3-4, paragraph 2?[A] A written agreement between a supplier of raw materials and a supplier of luxury goods.[B] A diary that mentions luxury goods and services purchased by its author.[C] A theater ticket stamped with the date and name of a particular play.[D] A payroll record from a company that produced luxury goods such as pottery.3. According to the text, Thompson attributes to laboring people in eighteenth-century England which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?[A] Enthusiasm.[B] Curiosity.[C] Ambivalence.[D] Hostility.4. In the third paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with[A] contrasting two theses and offering a compromise.[B] questioning two explanations and proposing a possible alternative to them.[C] paraphrasing the work of two historians and questioning their assumptions.[D] examining two theories and endorsing one over the other.5. According to the text, eighteenth-century England and the contemporary world of the text readers are[A] dissimilar in the extent to which luxury consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classes.[B] dissimilar in their definitions of luxury goods and services.[C] dissimilar in the extent to which luxury goods could be said to be stimulant of industrial development.[D] similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and services.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】C【考点解析】本题是一道例(举)证题型。

08英语一阅读解析

08英语一阅读解析2008年考研英语一阅读理解解析阅读理解A篇本文主要讨论了不同人对时尚的理解和态度。

作者通过讲述自己和其他人的例子，说明了人们对时尚的态度因人而异。

文章首先描述了作者对时尚的态度，认为时尚是表达个人身份和品味的一种方式。

然后，作者提到了其他人对时尚的不同看法，包括一些人认为时尚是浪费时间和金钱，而另一些人则认为时尚是展示个性和创造力的方式。

文章最后指出，人们对时尚的看法存在分歧，但同时也都认为时尚是一种表达自己的方式。

阅读理解B篇本文主要介绍了互联网对人们社交方式的影响。

文章首先指出，互联网使得人们能够更加方便地与他人保持联系，但同时也带来了一些负面影响。

例如，人们可能会过度依赖互联网来满足自己的社交需求，导致现实生活中的人际关系变得疏远。

此外，文章还提到了互联网上的一些社交媒体和应用程序，如Facebook、Twitter等，这些工具使得人们可以轻松地与他人建立联系，但也存在着虚假信息和隐私泄露的风险。

文章最后指出，虽然互联网改变了人们的社交方式，但人们仍然需要保持警惕，避免过度依赖互联网而忽略了现实生活中的人际关系。

阅读理解C篇本文主要讨论了如何通过改变思维方式来提高创造力。

文章首先指出，创造力是一种思维方式，可以通过训练来提高。

然后，文章介绍了一些有助于提高创造力的思维方式，包括跳出常规思考、寻求不同的角度、保持好奇心等。

同时，文章也指出了一些阻碍创造力的思维方式，例如过于依赖经验和惯性思维等。

最后，文章强调了通过改变思维方式来提高创造力的重要性，并鼓励读者尝试不同的思维方式来激发自己的创造力。

阅读理解D篇本文主要介绍了如何通过制定计划来提高工作效率。

文章首先指出，制定计划是提高工作效率的关键。

然后，文章介绍了一些制定计划的方法和技巧，包括设定目标、分解任务、安排时间等。

此外，文章还提到了如何应对突发事件和如何保持工作动力的问题。

最后，文章强调了制定计划对于提高工作效率的重要性，并鼓励读者在实际工作中运用这些技巧和方法来提高自己的工作效率。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇：UNIT 8

新东方在线考研资料免费下载中心精华资料推荐：《研途研语》2012年考研电子期刊免费下载考研英语【考研英语词汇】绝对精华：新东方考研734个必备词组考研英语核心词汇1800例句版【考研英语阅读】历年考研阅读中的难句翻译参考考研英语真题解析阅读【考研英语翻译】唐静：考研翻译冲刺必背单词英汉版【考研英语写作】考研写作基础版必备范文20篇考研短文万能模板考研政治【考研政治综合】2011考研政治答题万能模板【考研政治毛中特】毛泽东思想概论选择题及答案精选【考研政治马政经】哲学易错提示及17大重要考点汇编【考研政治近代史】中国近现代史纲要复习重点汇总考研数学【考研线性代数】尤承业：考研数学线代冲刺阶段重难点归纳新东方考研数学线代复习计划大全【考研高等数学】新东方在线高数部分知识点总结及例题解析2012考研数学：高等数学各部分常见的题型汇总【考研概率统计】新东方概率论与数理统计复习指导资料下载2011年新东方考研数学概率论精选复习资料考研专业课【历史学专业课】新东方在线历史学备考指导手册【心理学专业课】新东方在线考研心理学专业课备考指导【教育学专业课】新东方在线考研教育学备考指导手册【法硕学专业课】新东方在线考研法硕备考指导手册【计算机专业课】新东方在线考研计算机备考指导手册考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT EIGHTTEXT ONENew York is in the middle of a culture fest celebrating Berlin, a 17-day marathon of music, film, architecture, literature and photography that began on November 2nd. “Berlin In Lights” is largely the brainchild of Sir Clive Gillinson, a former managing director of the London Symphony Orchestra who became executive and artistic director of Carnegie Hall in July 2005. Determined to make the New York concert hall more international, he is initiating a series of cultural festivals celebrating cities, nations or artistic movements. Berlin is the first of these.A visit by the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, under its principal conductor Sir Simon Rattle had been planned for some time. Much taken by the extraordinary transformation of Berlin since reunification—the city thrives through culture and politics; there is hardly any business or finance—Sir Clive decided to expand that visit into a full-blown festival. He got an enthusiastic response from other New York institutions.Berlin and New York have sizeable mutual admiration societies but, until recently, post-war Berlin could only dream of being in the same league of creative effervescence as New York. Now, in partnership with the American Academy in Berlin, Carnegie Hall has put together a crowd of seminars—on literature, the visual arts, film-making—inviting stars such as Volker Schlöndorff and Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, both Oscar-winning German directors. The Goethe-Institut and the German consulate-general are showing photographs, the Museum of Modern Art is screening films about Berlin and the P.S.1 Contemporary Art Centre is screening the 13 episodes and epilogue of Rainer Werner Fassbinder's television epic “Berlin Alexanderplatz” in 14 separate rooms.The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, extending its visit to eight days, will be performing Gustav Mahler's last three major works as well as music by Thomas Adès, Magnus Lindberg and György Kurtag, three contemporary composers. In addition, various chamber ensembles made up of Philharmonic musicians are playing both at Carnegie and at “neighbourhood concerts” in the city's five boroughs. The most innovative of the Philharmonic's offerings will be the performances on November 17th and 18th at the United Palace Theatre in Washington Heights of Igor Stravinsky's “The Rite of Spring”, danced by kids from state school s who have been trained for just eight weeks. To those who think that the result will be shambolic, theorganisers retort that the experiment worked well with children—including refugees—from state schools in Berlin.“Berlin In Lights” is not comprehensiv e: there is no theatre and little dance. A festival that gets too big loses its charm, says Sir Clive: “We would like to capture people's imagination and incite them to explore new horizons.”The audience at some of the shows—a performance by Max Raabe and the Palast Orchestra of songs from the 1920s and 1930s, Ute Lemper, a German chanteuse specialising in Kurt Weill, in cabaret—were made up largely from what one participant described as the geriatric intelligentsia from the Upper West Side. As many of them have German- or Austrian-Jewish origins, they have a loving, knowledgeable relationship with German culture. One critic hissed that Ms Lemper was a poor copy of Lotte Lenya, Weill's wife, whom she had seen perform in the 1940s. Sir Clive hopes that concerts by the Nomad SoundSystem, a Berlin band performing western dance music and North African melodies, and concerts by Berlin's Turkish and Kurdish communities may bring in a younger crowd.1. What does the word “marathon”(Line 1, Paragraph 1) mean inthe text?[A] A festival[B] A sport competition[C] A culture fest[D] A large event2. The first sentence of the third paragraph implies that_____[A] Berlin is lagging behind New York in artistic invention.[B] Berlin and New York have a long history of artistic exchange in the societal level. [C] Berlin is the German equivalence of New York in terms of creative vigour.[D] Both Berlin and New York boast of people with high admiration of art.3. The Goethe-Institut is probably situated in_____[A] New York.[B] Berlin.[C] Carnegie University.[D] Germany.4. The festival is carried out in order to_____[A] enhance cultural exchange between the two cities.[B] propagate new Berlin of culture and politics in the form of art.[C] goes along with the 8 day visit of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.[D] internationalize New York music world. 5. From Sir Clive’s statements, it can be infered that he holds the view that a festival ______[A] should be comprehensive.[B] should be innovative.[C] should be full-blown.[D] should be limited in scale.文章剖析：这篇文章讲述了纽约举行的“光之柏林”柏林文化节的情况。

考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷8(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Worlds, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction. There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic “approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it. Newport also recommends”deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting, he writes. Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day. While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results. In order to make the most ofourfocus and energy, we also need toembrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as Vitamin D is to the body. . . [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessaiy to getting any work done, “he argues. Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way ourbrains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. “What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.1．The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ______.A．keep to your focus timeB．list your immediate tasksC．make specific daily plansD．seize every minute to work正确答案：A解析：题干中的mastering the art of deep work出现在第二段第一句，该句be it后举例了三个掌握深度工作艺术的方法；第二句道出关键(the key is)是确定专注的时长(your length of focus time)，并坚持下去(stick to)。

英语专业八级阅读真题解读

英语专业八级阅读真题解读一、Introduction英语专业八级阅读真题一直是考生备战考试的重点，通过对真题的解读可以更好地了解考试内容和要求。

本文将对英语专业八级阅读真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。

二、题型分析英语专业八级阅读真题主要包括多项选择题、填空题和段落匹配题。

多项选择题要求考生根据文章内容选择最佳答案；填空题要求考生根据文章提供的信息填写空白处；段落匹配题要求考生将给定的段落与相应的文章进行匹配。

三、解题技巧针对不同的题型，我们可以采取一些简单有效的解题技巧：1. 多项选择题（1）通读全文，抓住文章的主旨；（2）注意选项中的关键词，与文章中的关键词进行对比；（3）排除干扰项，找出最合适的答案。

2. 填空题（1）仔细阅读完整个句子，理解上下文的意思；（2）根据上下文的线索和语法规则推断合适的答案。

3. 段落匹配题（1）通读全文，理解每个段落的主题和内容；（2）注意关键词的匹配，寻找段落之间的逻辑连接。

四、题目解析接下来将针对几个典型的英语专业八级阅读真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解考试内容。

[题目1]文章主题: 环境保护与气候变化这是一篇关于环境保护与气候变化的文章。

作者指出气候变化对环境的影响，提出了一些解决方案。

通过对文中的重点词语和句子的分析，考生可以更好地理解文章的主旨和作者的观点。

[题目2]文章主题: 文化差异与跨文化交际这是一篇关于文化差异与跨文化交际的文章。

作者通过比较不同文化背景下的交际方式和习惯来说明文化差异对跨文化交际的影响。

考生在阅读文章时要注意关键词的理解和对比。

[题目3]文章主题: 科技进步与社会发展这是一篇关于科技进步与社会发展的文章。

作者通过具体的例子和数据来说明科技进步对社会的影响。

考生在阅读文章时要关注作者的论述方式和论据支持。

五、总结英语专业八级阅读真题的解析对于备考非常重要。

通过了解不同题型的解题技巧和对典型题目的解析，考生可以更好地理解文章内容和应对考试。

历年考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析汇总共10套

历年考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(1-10)汇总A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。

英语TEM专八考试阅读试题及答案详解

英语TEM专八考试阅读试题及答案详解"Waiting is a pain. Forget also a pain. But do not know how to do, is a more excruciating pain."以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语TEM专八阅读试题及答案详解，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生!The Relationship between Brain Process with Mental ExperienceBy 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processesto mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Suchvariations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitationthreshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cellsremained negligible in significance for any possible correlationwith the manifold dimensions of mental experience.Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation,such as pain, taste and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervousenergy, However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentialsfailed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methodsrefined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality ofthe impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead toinfluence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance amongnerve rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as“common currency” throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the qualityof the sensory nerve impulses thatdetermines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,but, rather, the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidencefor this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field ofthe cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriatemodality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditorysensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in thesize, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneuralcorrelations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemedmuch more remarkable than any of the minute differences.However, cortical as diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch, cold, warmth,movement, pain, posture and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the samecortical areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brainexcitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, Braintheory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relativelyhomogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses throughhomogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the multiple dimensions of mental experiencepsychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerveimpulses.1. Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain processes and mental experience are related wouldmost likely have been met with[A] vexation [B] irritability [C] discouragement [D] neutrality2. The author mentions “common currency” primarily in order to emphasize the[A] lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings.[B] similarities in the views of the scientists.[C] similarity of sensations of human beings.[D] continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system.3. Which of the following theories is reinforced by the depiction of the experiment in lines 16—19?[A] Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve impulses are influenced by the area of thebrain stimulated.[B] Qualitative diversity in nerve potentials can now be studied more accurately.[C] Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly influenced by the nerve sensors theyproduce.[D] Differentiation in neural modalities influences the length of nerve transmissions.4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitativevariation?[A] Nerve cells. [B] Nerve impulses.[C] Cortical areas. [C] Spatial patterns of nerve impulses.答案详解：1. C. 令人失望。