初中名词专项

知识点：

一、名词

1、定义：分为专有名词和普通名词

2、可数名词的单复数形式

①一般情况直接加s，例如book-books，pen-pens

②以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单词加es，例如watch-watches，bus-buses

③以o结尾的单词分两种：有生命加es，例如potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，hero-heroes；无生命加s，例如piano-pianos，photo-photos

④以f或fe结尾单词，去f，fe为ves，例如leaf-leaves，wolf-wolves，life-lives，wife-wives

⑤以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i，再加es，例如baby-babies

⑥不规则

a、单复数形式一样：dear，deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

b、其他形式：child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，man-men，woman-women

c、German-Germans

3、不可数名词（常见的不可数名词有bread，rice，water，information，room，news，food，work，milk，ice等等）

①修饰不可数名词some，much，a little，a bit of， a lot of

②如果不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：The news is surprising.

③如果用and连接两个不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Time and money are precious.

4、名词所有格定义：在英语中有些名词可以加"s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：a teacher's book

名词所有格的规则如下：

①单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s也要加"'s"，例如：the boy's bag，Children's Day，men's room

②名词已有复数词尾s,只加'，例如：Teachers' Day，worker's struggle

③凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，例如the title of the song，a picture of family

④在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如: the barber's理发店

⑤如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示分别有；若只有一个's，则表示共有。

例如：John' s and Mary's room(两间)，John and Mary 's room(一间)

⑥复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一个词的词尾，例如：a mother or two’s absence

⑦双重所有格例如：a friend of mine/hers/his/theirs，a friend of Mary's friend

5、专有名词（专有名词的第一个字母必须大写）

表示特定的人名、地名、国家、事物或机构的名称，还有时间和季节

例如：Jim，Tom，Mary，Smith，China，London，January，February，March，April，May，June，July，August，September，October，November，December

课堂练习：

一、写出下列名词的复数形式

map（）bed（）bag（）box（）brush（）peach（）

sandwish（）watch（）bus（）diary（）day（）strawberry（）baby（）century（）city（）leaf（）

thief（）knife（）wife（）zoo（）mango（）man（）woman（）child（）deer（）Chinese（）German（）Englishman（）

二、填空题

1、Are there two (box) on the table?

2、I can see some (people )in the cinema.

3、How many (day )are there in a week.

4、There are five (bottle )of (ice).

5、This (violin )is hers. Those (grape )are over.

6、There are two (watch) over there.

7、I like taking (photo）

8、I can see a and two standing there. (man, woman)

9、There are two baskets of on the floor.(apple)

10、Look at those （child）

11、How many can you see.(radio)

12、There are more and more drivers in Shanghai now.(woman)

三、选择题

1、I have read sports news today.

A. two

B. pieces

C. two pieces

D. two pieces of

2、My teacher gave me

A. a good advice

B. some good advices

C. some good advice

D. good advices

3、Usually, young people have black and old people have white

A. hairs. ones

B. hair one

C. hair. one

D. hairs. one

4、Peter was busy with his work yesterday. He did not get

A. much sleep

B. many sleeps

C. more sleep

D. most sleep

5、I think it is a wonderful

A.work

B. information

C.idea

D. News