1986年考研英语真题及解析汇报
1986至1990年考研英语试题
1986至1990年考研英语试题1986Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a noticeelse ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。
1986-1990年考研英语真题及解析
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?”⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,”she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left ○the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］so ［B］more ［C］else ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way ［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered ［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with ［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。
考研英语历真题目答案及解析1986—
考研英语历真题目答案及解析1986—1986-2009考研英语真题汇总1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (15 points) EXAMPLE:I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.[A] in[B] by[C] with[D] atANSWER: [A]1. No doctors could cure the patient ________ his strange disease.[A] with[B] of[C] from[D] off2. He was ________ his wits’ en d what to do.[A] in[B] on[C] at[D] of3. Prior ________ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[A] to[B] of[C] in[D] from4. The driving instructor told me to pull ________ at the post office.[A] up[B] back[C] round[D] along5. When there’s a doubt, the chairman’s decision is ________.[A] right[B] definite[C] fixed[D] final6. We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always ________.[A] unquestionable[B] sound[C] subtle[D] healthy7. The noise of the plane died ________ in the distance.[A] away[B] out[C] down[D] off8. Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work ________ all their time.[A] takes away[B] takes in[C] takes over[D] takes up9. Attendances at football matches have ________ since the coming of television.[A] dropped in[B] dropped down[C] dropped off[D] dropped out10. After the death of their parents, the sisters got well ________ and never quarreled.[A] away[B] in[C] along[D] out11. They always give the vacant seats to ________ comes first.[A] who[B] whom[C] whoever[D] whomever12. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ________ the advertiserpays for the message to be delivered.[A] in that[B] in which[C] in order that[D] in the way13. He is ________ of an actor.[A] anybody[B] anyone[C] somebody[D] something14. The captain apologized ________ to tell us more about the accident.[A] for to be unable[B] that he was unable[C] to be unable[D] for being unable15. ________ is no reason for discharging her.[A] Because she was a few minutes late[B] Owing to a few minutes being late[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late[D] Being a few minutes lateSection II: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had.And then, with all the things she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. “Can I help you, Madam?” She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__.“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.” “We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly.16. [A] so[B] more[C] else[D] another17. [A] taking[B] making[C] fixing[D] keeping18. [A] buy[B] bought[C] buying[D] to have bought19. [A] in a way[B] by the way[C] in the way[D] on the way20. [A] behind[B] round[C] back[D] on21. [A] doubted[B] wondered[C] puzzled[D] delighted22. [A] at[B] for[C] with[D] in23. [A] Why[B] When[C] How[D] What24. [A] jump[B] leap[C] laugh[D] wonder25. [A] place[B] back[C] side[D] frontSection III: Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly tec hnical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26. There is an increasing demand for ________.[A] all round people in their own fields[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27. The specialist is ________.[A] a man whose job is to train other people[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28. The administrator is ________.[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist29. During your training period, it is important ________.[A] to try to be a generalist[B] to choose a profitable job[C] to find an organization which fits you[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30. A man’s first job ________.[A] is never the right job for him[B] should not be regarded as his final job[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobTest 2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.31. The best title for this selection would be ________.[A] Iceland[B] Land of Opportunity[C] The Unknown Continent[D] Utopia at Last32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.[A] very limited[B] vast[C] fairly rich[D] nonexistent33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.[A] Pacific Ocean[B] Indian Ocean[C] Atlantic Ocean[D] All three34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.[A] cold air[B] calm seas[C] ice[D] lack of knowledge about the continent35. According to this article ________.[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlementsimpractical[D] only a handful of natives inhabit AntarcticaSection IV: Structure and VocabularyFill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentences. Put your choices in the brackets on the left. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it ________ six houses.[A] ended[B] finished[C] was[D] lastedANSWER: [D]36. Music often ________ us of events in the past.[A] remembers[B] memorizes[C] reminds[D] reflects37. If I take this medicine twice a day it should ________ my cold.[A] heat[B] cure[C] treat[D] recover38. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn’t ________ what colour it was.[A] make out[B] look to[C] look out[D] take in39. I could tell he was surprised from the ________ on his face.[A] appearance[B] shock[C] look[D] sight40. The toy boat turned over and sank to the ________ of the pool.[A] base[B] depth[C] ground[D] bottom41. Mary never tells anyone what she does for a ________.[A] job[B] work[C] profession[D] living42. That boy is such a good violinist he will probably make quite a ________ for himself.[A] star[B] credit[C] name[D] character43. Old photographs give one a brief ________ of the past.[A] glance[B] glimpse[C] sight[D] look44. The novelist is a highly ________ person.[A] imaginable[B] imaginative[C] imaginary[D] imagined45. Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work ________ in other ways.[A] payable[B] respectful[C] grateful[D] rewardingSection V: Error-detection and CorrectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the brackets on the left. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase on the line following the brackets. (10 points)EXAMPLE:You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there’s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D]ANSWER: [C] anything46. The professor told the economics [A] student that he didn’t approve [B] in [C] his takingthe advanced course before [D] he made a passing mark in Economics 1.47. Although a great number of houses in that area are still [A] in need of repair, [B] therehave been [C] improvement in the facilities. [D]48. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who appears [A] to be friendly [B] however, it is veryhard to deal [C] with him. [D]49. To understand the situation completely [A] requires [B] more thought than has given [C]thus far. [D]50. [A] great many [A] educators firmly [B] believe that English is one of the poorest [C]taught subjects in high schools today. [D]51. Of all his outdoor [A] activities. Paul likes fishing best of all, [B] but he doesn’t enjoycleaning [C] fishing rods afterwards. [D]52. I should [A] not have recognized the [B] man even [C] you had told [D] me his name.53. In an hour’s [A] time I had done the work with [B] my satisfaction; I got my hat in [C]hall and slipped out unnoticed. [D]54. The new hotel has erected [A] a beautiful building with [B] recreation areas andconference facilities on the top floor in which [C] the finest view of the city can be obtained. [D]55. While in [A] Europe, the tourists enjoyed to [B] their heart’s [C] content the weather, thefood and going to the theatre. [D]Section VI: Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points) EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed56. The enemy retreated to the woods after they (defeat).57. I (speak) to him for some time before I realized who he was.58. One should never lose one’s heart when (confront) with temporary difficulties.59. The house suddenly collapsed while it (pull) down.60. On (give) an assignment to make a business tour abroad, he gladly accepted it.61. (Get) everything ready, they got down to map out a plan for the construction of a newexpress way.62. After Peter grew a beard, even his close friends (not recognize) him at first sight.63. Darkness (set) in, the young people lingered on merrymaking.64. The students were to (assemble) at the auditorium before 1:30 p.m., but the lecture wascanceled at the last minute.65. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (take) into accountbefore starting a new project.Section VII: Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)66. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。
1986-1995年历年考研英语解析集
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?”⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,”she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left ○the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］so ［B］more ［C］else ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way ［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered ［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with ［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。
考研英语试题及答案解析(1986年-2012年)
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Ev erybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psycho logy.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread throughnetworks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engine ered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate vo ted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. Thelegal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits o f states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s repu tation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, nowbecomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex socialstructure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a disco very claim –a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were i n their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s bud get is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too. John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem forAmerica.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s a ttitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encouragethoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. N ewton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A fewgenerative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2011年考研英语一试题及参考答案SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher viewed laughter as “a bolidy eercise preicious to heath.”But 1 some claims to the contrary ,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consummption ,But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 ,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the ,say,walking ot jogging does6 ,instead of straining muscles to bulid them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7 ,studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies downSuch bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act og laughing probably does 11 one classical theory of emtion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of 19th centry that humens do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begins to flowAlthiugh sadness also 14 tears ,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experimemt published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany。
1986考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(15points)EXAMPLE:I was caught________the rain yesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1.No doctors could cure the patient________his strange disease.[A]with[B]of[C]from[D]off2.He was________his wits’end what to do.[A]in[B]on[C]at[D]of3.Prior________his departure,he addressed a letter to his daughter.[A]to[B]of[C]in[D]from4.The driving instructor told me to pull________at the post office.[A]up[B]back[C]round[D]along5.When there’s a doubt,the chairman’s decision is________.[A]right[B]definite[C]fixed[D]final6.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always________.[A]unquestionable[B]sound[C]subtle[D]healthy7.The noise of the plane died________in the distance.[A]away[B]out[C]down[D]off8.Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work________all their time.[A]takes away[B]takes in[C]takes over[D]takes up9.Attendances at football matches have________since the coming of television.[A]dropped in[B]dropped down[C]dropped off[D]dropped out10.After the death of their parents,the sisters got well________and never quarreled.[A]away[B]in[C]along[D]out11.They always give the vacant seats to________comes first.[A]who[B]whom[C]whoever[D]whomever12.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication________the advertiserpays for the message to be delivered.[A]in that[B]in which[C]in order that[D]in the way13.He is________of an actor.[A]anybody[B]anyone[C]somebody[D]something14.The captain apologized________to tell us more about the accident.[A]for to be unable[B]that he was unable[C]to be unable[D]for being unable15.________is no reason for discharging her.[A]Because she was a few minutes late[B]Owing to a few minutes being late[C]The fact that she was a few minutes late[D]Being a few minutes lateSection II Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labeled[A],[B],[C] and[D].Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage.Read the whole passage before making your choices.(10points)On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market.For an hour or大16家she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything,buying here and there,and大17家a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had.And then,with all the things she needed大18家she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour大19家she liked best:looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things,with a noticeinviting anyone to walk in and look大20家without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where,almost at once,shestopped大21家before a green armchair.There was a card on the chair which said:“This fine chair is yours大22家less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom,“Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”A pound a week...大23家,she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it!A voice at her shoulder made her大24家.“Can I help you,Madam?”She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her大25家.“Oh,well,no,”she said.“I was just looking.”“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up,you will find something to suit you.”Annie,worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need,left the shop hurriedly.16.[A]so[B]more[C]else[D]another17.[A]taking[B]making[C]fixing[D]keeping18.[A]buy[B]bought[C]buying[D]to have bought19.[A]in a way[B]by the way[C]in the way[D]on the way20.[A]behind[B]round[C]back[D]on21.[A]doubted[B]wondered[C]puzzled[D]delighted22.[A]at[B]for[C]with[D]in23.[A]Why[B]When[C]How[D]What24.[A]jump[B]leap[C]laugh[D]wonder25.[A]place[B]back[C]side[D]frontSection III Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10points)Text1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization.Youfind these careers in engineering,in production,in statistical work,and in teaching.But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance,people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field.There is,in other words,a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees,of making general judgments.We can call these people“generalists.”And these“generalists”are particularly needed for positions in administration,where it is their job to see that other people do the work,where they have to plan for other people,to organize other people’s work,to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field;his concern is with technique and tools.He is a “trained”man;and his educational background is properly technical or professional.The generalist--and especially the administrator--deals with people;his concern is with leadership, with planning,and with direction giving.He is an“educated”man;and the humanities are his strongest foundation.Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field.Any organization needs both kinds of people,though different organizations need them in different proportions.It is your task to find out,during your training period,into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit,and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you--but this is pure accident.Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job.At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job;it is primarily a training job,an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26.There is an increasing demand for________.[A]all round people in their own fields[B]people whose job is to organize other people’s work[C]generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional[D]specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27.The specialist is________.[A]a man whose job is to train other people[B]a man who has been trained in more than one fields[C]a man who can see the forest rather than the trees[D]a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28.The administrator is________.[A]a“trained”man who is more a specialist than a generalist[B]a man who sees the trees as well as the forest[C]a man who is very strong in the humanities[D]a man who is an“educated”specialist29.During your training period,it is important________.[A]to try to be a generalist[B]to choose a profitable job[C]to find an organization which fits you[D]to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30.A man’s first job________.[A]is never the right job for him[B]should not be regarded as his final job[C]should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job[D]is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobText2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and,until recent times,unknown to man.It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain.Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps.Man has explored,on foot,less than one per cent of its area.Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions.The Arctic is an ocean,covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe,Asia,and North America.The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined,centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world--the Atlantic,Pacific,and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre,thus,the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions.This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited.Thus,more than a million persons live within2,000miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska,Siberia,and Scandinavia--a region rich in forest and mining industries.Apart from a handful of weather stations,within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry,or settlement.31.The best title for this selection would be________.[A]Iceland[B]Land of Opportunity[C]The Unknown Continent[D]Utopia at Last32.At the time this article was written,our knowledge of Antarctica was________.[A]very limited[B]vast[C]fairly rich[D]nonexistent33.Antarctica is bordered by the________.[A]Pacific Ocean[B]Indian Ocean[C]Atlantic Ocean[D]All three34.The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by________.[A]cold air[B]calm seas[C]ice[D]lack of knowledge about the continent35.According to this article________.[A]2,000people live on the Antarctic Continent[B]a million people live within2,000miles of the South Pole[C]weather conditions within a2,000mile radius of the South Pole make settlementsimpractical[D]only a handful of natives inhabit AntarcticaSection IV Structure and VocabularyFill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentences.Put your choices in the brackets on the left.(10points)EXAMPLE:It was the largest experiment we have ever had;it________six houses.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]36.Music often________us of events in the past.[A]remembers[B]memorizes[C]reminds[D]reflects37.If I take this medicine twice a day it should________my cold.[A]heat[C]treat[D]recover38.I could just see a car in the distance,but I couldn’t________what colour it was.[A]make out[B]look to[C]look out[D]take in39.I could tell he was surprised from the________on his face.[A]appearance[B]shock[C]look[D]sight40.The toy boat turned over and sank to the________of the pool.[A]base[B]depth[C]ground[D]bottom41.Mary never tells anyone what she does for a________.[A]job[B]work[C]profession[D]living42.That boy is such a good violinist he will probably make quite a________for himself.[A]star[B]credit[C]name[D]character43.Old photographs give one a brief________of the past.[A]glance[B]glimpse[C]sight44.The novelist is a highly________person.[A]imaginable[B]imaginative[C]imaginary[D]imagined45.Although the pay is not good,people usually find social work________in other ways.[A]payable[B]respectful[C]grateful[D]rewardingSection V Error-detection and CorrectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts(words or phrases).These parts are labeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the brackets on the left.Then,without altering the meaning of the sentence,write down the correct word or phrase on the line following the brackets.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something becauseA there’sBhardly somethingCleftD.ANSWER:[C]anything46.The professor told the economicsA student that he didn’t approveBinChis taking theadvanced course beforeDhe made a passing mark in Economics1.47.Although a great number of houses in that area are stillA in need of repairBthere have beenCimprovement in the facilitiesD.48.Mr.Gilmore is one of those men who appearsA to be friendlyBhowever,it is very hardto deal C with himD.49.To understand the situation completelyA requiresBmore thought than has givenCthus farD.50.A great manyA educators firmlyBbelieve that English is one of the poorestCtaught subjectsin high schools todayD.51.Of all his outdoorA activities.Paul likes fishing best of allBbut he doesn’t enjoy cleaningCfishing rods afterwardsD.52.I shouldA not have recognized theBman evenCyou had toldDme his name.53.In an hour’sA time I had done the work withBmy satisfaction;I got my hat inChall andslipped out unnoticedD.54.The new hotel has erectedA a beautiful building withBrecreation areas and conferencefacilities on the top floor in whichC the finest view of the city can be obtainedD.55.While inA Europe,the tourists enjoyed toBtheir heart’sCcontent the weather,the food andgoing to the theatreD.Section VI Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets.(10points) EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president________(appoint)for this college.ANSWER:(should)be appointed56.The enemy retreated to the woods after they________(defeat).57.I________(speak)to him for some time before I realized who he was.58.One should never lose one’s heart when________(confront)with temporary difficulties.59.The house suddenly collapsed while it________(pull)down.60.On________(give)an assignment to make a business tour abroad,he gladly accepted it.61.________(Get)everything ready,they got down to map out a plan for the construction of anew express way.62.After Peter grew a beard,even his close friends________(not recognize)him at first sight.63.Darkness________(set)in,the young people lingered on merrymaking.64.The students were to________(assemble)at the auditorium before1:30p.m.,but thelecture was canceled at the last minute.65.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained________(take)intoaccount before starting a new project.Section VII Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English.(15points)66.去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。
1986年考研英语真题及解析
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the bracketsbelow the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking ateverything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains thatwere sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she wouldleave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she likedbest: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a noticeinviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something.⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almostat once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chairwhich said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,” and verysmall at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week...8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam” ⑨She looked roundat the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kindsin the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, ○left the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］ so ［B］ more ［C］ else ［D］ another2. ［A］ taking ［B］ making ［C］ fixing ［D］ keeping3. ［A］ buy ［B］ bought ［C］ buying ［D］tohave bought4. ［A］ in a way ［B］ by the way ［C］ in the way ［D］ on theway5. ［A］ behind ［B］ round ［C］ back ［D］ on6. ［A］ doubted ［B］ wondered ［C］ puzzled ［D］ delighted7. ［A］ at ［B］ for ［C］ with ［D］ in8. ［A］ Why ［B］ When ［C］ How ［D］ What9. ［A］ jump ［B］ leap ［C］ laugh ［D］ wonder10.［A］ place ［B］ back ［C］ side ［D］ front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。
1986年考研英语真题
1986年考研英语真题In 1986, the English section of the postgraduate entrance examination posed a challenging task for candidates. The exam included a comprehensive range of topics, testing various language skills such as reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. This article aims to analyze the 1986 English exam and discuss its significance in shaping the future of English education in China.1. Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 1986 exam consisted of multiple passages, each followed by a set of questions. This section assessed candidates' ability to understand and interpret written texts. The texts covered a wide range of subjects, including science, history, and literature. Analyzing the 1986 reading comprehension questions and answers provides valuable insights into the level of English education at that time.2. Vocabulary and GrammarThe vocabulary and grammar section of the 1986 exam aimed to assess candidates' knowledge of English language structures and their ability to use words appropriately. It included tasks such as fill in the blanks, word substitution, and sentence completion. By examining the vocabulary and grammar questions from 1986, we can understand the focus areas and challenges faced by English learners during that period.3. Writing SkillsThe writing section of the 1986 exam required candidates to write an essay on a given topic. This task aimed to evaluate candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently in English. Additionally, it tested their proficiency in organizing and structuring an essay. Analyzing the 1986 exam essay prompt and sample responses can help us understand the writing expectations and standards of that era.Significance of the 1986 English ExamThe 1986 English exam had significant implications for English education in China. Its challenging nature pushed English learners to strive for higher proficiency levels. Additionally, the exam played a crucial role in evaluating and benchmarking the English language skills of candidates applying for postgraduate studies. The 1986 exam provided valuable feedback to educators, helping them identify areas of improvement in English language teaching and curriculum development.ConclusionThe 1986 English exam for the postgraduate entrance examination tested candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. By analyzing this exam, we gain insights into the English education landscape and standards of that time. The challenging nature of the exam contributed to enhancing English language proficiency among Chinese learners. Furthermore, it served as a tool for educators to identify areas of improvement in English language teaching and assessment methods.As society and education continue to evolve, it is crucial to study the past and learn from it. The 1986 English exam remains a significantmilestone in the development of English education in China, shaping the path for future generations of English learners.。
1986—2009考研英语真题及参考答案
1986-2009考研英语真题汇总1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (15 points) EXAMPLE:I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.[A] in[B] by[C] with[D] atANSWER: [A]1. No doctors could cure the patient ________ his strange disease.[A] with[B] of[C] from[D] off2. He was ________ his wits‘ end what to do.[A] in[B] on[C] at[D] of3. Prior ________ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[A] to[B] of[C] in[D] from4. The driving instructor told me to pull ________ at the post office.[A] up[B] back[C] round[D] along5. When there‘s a doubt, the chairman‘s decision is ________.[A] right[B] definite[C] fixed[D] final6. We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always ________.[A] unquestionable[B] sound[C] subtle[D] healthy7. The noise of the plane died ________ in the distance.[A] away[B] out[C] down[D] off8. Hospital doctors don‘t go out very often as their work ________ all their time.[A] takes away[B] takes in[C] takes over[D] takes up9. Attendances at football matches have ________ since the coming of television.[A] dropped in[B] dropped down[C] dropped off[D] dropped out10. After the death of their parents, the sisters got well ________ and never quarreled.[A] away[B] in[C] along[D] out11. They always give the vacant seats to ________ comes first.[A] who[B] whom[C] whoever[D] whomever12. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ________ the advertiser paysfor the message to be delivered.[A] in that[B] in which[C] in order that[D] in the way13. He is ________ of an actor.[A] anybody[B] anyone[C] somebody[D] something14. The captain apologized ________ to tell us more about the accident.[A] for to be unable[B] that he was unable[C] to be unable[D] for being unable15. ________ is no reason for discharging her.[A] Because she was a few minutes late[B] Owing to a few minutes being late[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late[D] Being a few minutes lateSection II: Close T estFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all thethings she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: ―This fine cha ir is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,‖ and very small at the bottom, ―Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.‖ A pound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. ―Can I help you, Madam?‖ She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__.―Oh, well, no,‖ she said. ―I was just looking.‖ ―We‘ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you‘ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.‖Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn‘t need, left the shop hurriedly.16. [A] so[B] more[C] else[D] another17. [A] taking[B] making[C] fixing[D] keeping18. [A] buy[B] bought[C] buying[D] to have bought19. [A] in a way[B] by the way[C] in the way[D] on the way20. [A] behind[B] round[C] back[D] on21. [A] doubted[B] wondered[C] puzzled[D] delighted22. [A] at[B] for[C] with[D] in23. [A] Why[B] When[C] How[D] What24. [A] jump[B] leap[C] laugh[D] wonder25. [A] place[B] back[C] side[D] frontSection III: Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)T ext 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. Y ou find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people ―generalists.‖ And these ―generalists‖ are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people‘s work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a ―trained‖ man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an ―educated‖ man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. V ery rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Y our first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26. There is an increasing demand for ________.[A] all round people in their own fields[B] people whose job is to organize other people‘s work[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27. The specialist is ________.[A] a man whose job is to train other people[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28. The administrator is ________.[A] a ―trained‖ man who is more a specialist than a generalist[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities[D] a man who is an ―educated‖ specialist29. During your training period, it is important ________.[A] to try to be a generalist[B] to choose a profitable job[C] to find an organization which fits you[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30. A man‘s first job ________.[A] is never the right job for him[B] should not be regarded as his final job[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobT est 2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.31. The best title for this selection would be ________.[A] Iceland[B] Land of Opportunity[C] The Unknown Continent[D] Utopia at Last32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.[A] very limited[B] vast[C] fairly rich[D] nonexistent33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.[A] Pacific Ocean[B] Indian Ocean[C] Atlantic Ocean[D] All three34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.[B] calm seas[C] ice[D] lack of knowledge about the continent35. According to this article ________.[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlementsimpractical[D] only a handful of natives inhabit AntarcticaSection IV: Structure and VocabularyFill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentences. Put your choices in the brackets on the left. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it ________ six houses.[A] ended[B] finished[C] was[D] lastedANSWER: [D]36. Music often ________ us of events in the past.[A] remembers[B] memorizes[C] reminds[D] reflects37. If I take this medicine twice a day it should ________ my cold.[A] heat[B] cure[C] treat[D] recover38. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn‘t ________ what colour it was.[A] make out[B] look to[D] take in39. I could tell he was surprised from the ________ on his face.[A] appearance[B] shock[C] look[D] sight40. The toy boat turned over and sank to the ________ of the pool.[A] base[B] depth[C] ground[D] bottom41. Mary never tells anyone what she does for a ________.[A] job[B] work[C] profession[D] living42. That boy is such a good violinist he will probably make quite a ________ for himself.[A] star[B] credit[C] name[D] character43. Old photographs give one a brief ________ of the past.[A] glance[B] glimpse[C] sight[D] look44. The novelist is a highly ________ person.[A] imaginable[B] imaginative[C] imaginary[D] imagined45. Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work ________ in other ways.[A] payable[B] respectful[C] grateful[D] rewardingSection V: Error-detection and CorrectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the brackets on the left. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase on the line following the brackets. (10 points)EXAMPLE:Y ou‘ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there‘s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D]ANSWER: [C] anything46. The professor told the economics [A] student that he didn‘t approve [B] in [C] his taking theadvanced course before [D] he made a passing mark in Economics 1.47. Although a great number of houses in that area are still [A] in need of repair, [B] there havebeen [C] improvement in the facilities. [D]48. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who appears [A] to be friendly [B] however, it is very hard todeal [C] with him. [D]49. To understand the situation completely [A] requires [B] more thought than has given [C] thusfar. [D]50. [A] great many [A] educators firmly [B] believe that English is one of the poorest [C] taughtsubjects in high schools today. [D]51. Of all his outdoor [A] activities. Paul likes fishing best of all, [B] but he doesn‘t enjoy cleaning[C] fishing rods afterwards. [D]52. I should [A] not have recognized the [B] man even [C] you had told [D] me his name.53. In an hour‘s [A] time I had done the work with [B] my satisfaction; I got my hat in [C] halland slipped out unnoticed. [D]54. The new hotel has erected [A] a beautiful building with [B] recreation areas and conferencefacilities on the top floor in which [C] the finest view of the city can be obtained. [D]55. While in [A] Europe, the tourists enjoyed to [B] their heart‘s [C] content the weather, the foodand going to the theatre. [D]Section VI: Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points) EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed56. The enemy retreated to the woods after they (defeat).57. I (speak) to him for some time before I realized who he was.58. One shou ld never lose one‘s heart when (confront) with temporary difficulties.59. The house suddenly collapsed while it (pull) down.60. On (give) an assignment to make a business tour abroad, he gladly accepted it.61. (Get) everything ready, they got down to map out a plan for the construction of a new expressway.62. After Peter grew a beard, even his close friends (not recognize) him at first sight.63. Darkness (set) in, the young people lingered on merrymaking.64. The students were to (assemble) at the auditorium before 1:30 p.m., but the lecture wascanceled at the last minute.65. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (take) into account beforestarting a new project.Section VII: Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)66. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。
【考研】1986年考研英语真题(精编)
1986年考研英语真题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (15 points) EXAMPLE:I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.[A] in[B] by[C] with[D] atANSWER: [A]1. No doctors could cure the patient ________ his strange disease.[A] with[B] of[C] from[D] off2. He was ________ his wits’ end what to do.[A] in[B] on[C] at[D] of3. Prior ________ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[A] to[B] of[C] in[D] from4. The driving instructor told me to pull ________ at the post office.[A] up[B] back[C] round[D] alongon is ________.5. When there’s a doubt, the chairman’s decisi[A] right[B] definite[C] fixed[D] final6. We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always ________.[A] unquestionable[B] sound[C] subtle[D] healthy7. The noise of the plane died ________ in the distance.[A] away[B] out[C] down[D] off8. Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work ________ all their time.[A] takes away[B] takes in[C] takes over[D] takes up9. Attendances at football matches have ________ since the coming of television.[A] dropped in[B] dropped down[C] dropped off[D] dropped out10. After the death of their parents, the sisters got well ________ and never quarreled.[A] away[B] in[C] along[D] out11. They always give the vacant seats to ________ comes first.[A] who[B] whom[C] whoever[D] whomever12. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ________ the advertiserpays for the message to be delivered.[A] in that[B] in which[C] in order that[D] in the way13. He is ________ of an actor.[A] anybody[B] anyone[C] somebody[D] something14. The captain apologized ________ to tell us more about the accident.[A] for to be unable[B] that he was unable[C] to be unable[D] for being unable15. ________ is no reason for discharging her.[A] Because she was a few minutes late[B] Owing to a few minutes being late[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late[D] Being a few minutes lateSection II Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C]and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read thewhole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For anhour or 大16家she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything,buying here and there, and 大17家 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes tobe had. And then, with all the things she needed 大18家she would leave the market for thestreets of the town to spend another hour 大19家she liked best: looking in furniture shopwindows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full o f the most delightful things, with a noticeinviting anyone to walk in and look 大20家without feeling they had to buy something.Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, shestopped 大21家before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said:fine chair is yours 大22家less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom,大23家, she could almost pay that out ofprice eighty-n ine pounds fifty.” A pound a week...大24家. “Canher housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made herI help you, Madam?” She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her大25家.“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.”“We’ve chairs of all kind showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didnthe shop hurriedly.16. [A] so[B] more[C] else[D] another17. [A] taking[B] making[C] fixing[D] keeping18. [A] buy[B] bought[C] buying[D] to have bought19. [A] in a way[B] by the way[C] in the way[D] on the way20. [A] behind[B] round[C] back[D] on21. [A] doubted[B] wondered[C] puzzled[D] delighted22. [A] at[B] for[C] with[D] in23. [A] Why[B] When[C] How[D] What24. [A] jump[B] leap[C] laugh[D] wonder25. [A] place[B] back[C] side[D] frontSection III Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there isan increasing d emand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, p eople whoperhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand forpeople who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments.We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particu positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, wherethey have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it The specialist u nderstands o ne field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is aman; and his educational b ackground is properly technical or professional. T he“trained” generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership,with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the hu his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And veryrarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs bothkinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is yourtask to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and toplan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainlyyou should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to holdany job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily atraining job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26. There is an increasing demand for ________.[A] all round people in their own fields[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27. The specialist is ________.[A] a man whose job is to train other people[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28. The administrator is ________.[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist29. During your training period, it is important ________.[A] to try to be a generalist[B] to choose a profitable job[C] to find an organization which fits you[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30. A man’s first job ________.[A] is never the right job for him[B] should not be regarded as his final job[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobText 2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current fromthe land is so forceful that it makes t he nearby seas t he stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.31. The best title for this selection would be ________.[A] Iceland[B] Land of Opportunity[C] The Unknown Continent[D] Utopia at Last32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.[A] very limited[B] vast[C] fairly rich[D] nonexistent33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.[A] Pacific Ocean[B] Indian Ocean[C] Atlantic Ocean[D] All three34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.[A] cold air[B] calm seas[C] ice[D] lack of knowledge about the continent35. According to this article ________.[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlementsimpractical[D] only a handful of natives inhabit AntarcticaSection IV Structure and VocabularyFill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentences. Put your choices in thebrackets on the left. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it ________ six houses.[A] ended[B] finished[C] was[D] lastedANSWER: [D]36. Music often ________ us of events in the past.[A] remembers[B] memorizes[C] reminds[D] reflects37. If I take this medicine twice a day it should ________ my cold.[A] heat[B] cure[C] treat[D] recover38. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn’t ________ what colour[A] make out[B] look to[C] look out[D] take in39. I could tell he was surprised from the ________ on his face.[A] appearance[B] shock[C] look[D] sight40. The toy boat turned over and sank to the ________ of the pool.[A] base[B] depth[C] ground[D] bottom41. Mary never tells anyone what she does for a ________.[A] job[B] work[C] profession[D] living42. That boy is such a good violinist he will probably make quite a ________ for himself.[A] star[B] credit[C] name[D] character43. Old photographs give one a brief ________ of the past.[A] glance[B] glimpse[C] sight[D] look44. The novelist is a highly ________ person.[A] imaginable[B] imaginative[C] imaginary[D] imagined45. Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work ________ in other ways.[A] payable[B] respectful[C] grateful[D] rewardingSection V Error-detection and CorrectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the brackets on the left. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase on the line following the brackets. (10 points)EXAMPLE:You ’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because A there ’ｓB hardly somethingCleft D.ANSWER: [C] anything46. The professor told the economics A student that he didn ’t app rove B in Chis taking theadvanced course before Dhe made a passing mark in Economics 1.47. Although a great number of houses in that area are still A in need of repair Btherehave been C improvement in the facilities D.48. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who appears A to be friendly Bhowever, it is very hardto deal C with him D.49. To understand the situation c ompletely A requires B more thought than has given C thus far D.50. A great many A educators firmly B believe that English is one of the poorest Ctaughtsubjects in high schools today D.51. Of all his outdoor A activities. Paul likes fishing best of all Bbut he doesn’t enjoy cleaning Cfishing rods afterwards D.52. I should A not have recognized t he B man even C you had told Dme his name.53. In an hour’ｓA time I had done the work with B my satisfaction; I got my hat in C hall and slipped out unnoticed D.54. The new hotel has erected A a beautiful building with Brecreation areas and conferencefacilities on the top floor in which C the finest view of the city can be obtained D.55. While in A Europe, the tourists enjoyed to B their heart ’ｓCcontent the weather, the foodand going to the theatre D.Section VI Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appoint) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed56. The enemy retreated to the woods after they ________ (defeat).57. I ________ (speak) to him for some time before I realized who he was.58. One should never lose one ’s heart when ________ (confront) with temporarydifficulties.59. The house suddenly collapsed while it ________ (pull) down.60. On ________ (give) an assignment to make a business tour abroad, he gladly accepted it.61. ________ (Get) everything ready, they got down to map out a plan for the construction ofa new express way.62. After Peter grew a beard, even his close friends ________ (not recognize) h im at firstsight.63. Darkness ________ (set) in, the young people lingered on merrymaking.64. The students were t o ________ (assemble) at the auditorium before 1:30 p.m., but thelecture was canceled at the last minute.65. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained ________ (take) intoaccount before starting a new project.Section VII Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)66. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。
1986-1995年历年考研英语解析集
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?”⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,”she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left ○the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］so ［B］more ［C］else ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way ［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered ［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with ［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。
86-90考研真题
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题一、词汇1. generalist 通才2. humanities 人文学科二、长难句1. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance,people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field.句子主干为there is an increasing demand for people … people，两个people后分别接有who引导的定语从句做后置定语。
翻译：但对那些一眼就能注意到很大区域、可能对任一领域都知之不多的人的需求也在增加。
2. And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it istheir job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.句子主干为these “generalists” are particularly needed，介词短语for positions in administration做状语，意为“对于管理职位而言”。
两个where引导的并列定语从句做后置定语修饰先行词positions in administration，where相当于in which(=positions in administration)。
第一个where从句的主干为it is their job to see that …，其中that引导宾语从句。
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1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the bracketsbelow the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking ateverything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains thatwere sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she wouldleave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she likedbest: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a noticeinviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something.⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almostat once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chairwhich said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,” and verysmall at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week...8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?”⑨She looked roundat the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kindsin the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, ○left the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］ so ［B］ more ［C］ else ［D］ another2. ［A］ taking ［B］ making ［C］ fixing ［D］ keeping3. ［A］ buy ［B］ bought ［C］ buying ［D］tohave bought4. ［A］ in a way ［B］ by the way ［C］ in the way ［D］ on theway5. ［A］ behind ［B］ round ［C］ back ［D］ on6. ［A］ doubted ［B］ wondered ［C］ puzzled ［D］ delighted7. ［A］ at ［B］ for ［C］ with ［D］ in8. ［A］ Why ［B］ When ［C］ How ［D］ What9. ［A］ jump ［B］ leap ［C］ laugh ［D］ wonder10.［A］ place ［B］ back ［C］ side ［D］ front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。
第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。
二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。
二、试题具体分析1. ［A］ so这么，那么［B］ more更多［C］ else其他的，别的［D］ another另外一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。
［快速解题］空格所在部分For an hour or 1 是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。
…or so是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“…左右，…上下”，for an hour or so指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。
因此选［A］so。
［篇章分析］文章第①句总说，交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动容（购物）。
②③具体讲述活动容：首先购买所需物品（②句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（③句）。
句间通过On Wednesday afternoons—For an hour or so—And then—another hour 时间链条，in the market—up and down between the stalls—（leave the market）for the streets—furniture shop地点链条实现衔接。
［空格设置］此处考查so用作副词的一个惯用语…or so，表示约指，例句：There were 20 people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。
［干扰项设置］其他项都是常用的副词。
else用于疑问句或nothing，something，everybody 等之后，如：What else did he say?他还说了些什么？or else意为“要不然，否则”，是连词词组，引导句子，如：Hurry up or else you’ll be late.快点，否则你就要迟到了。
2. ［A］ taking ［B］ making ［C］ fixing ［D］ keeping本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配。
［快速解题］空格处填入的现在分词其宾语为a sharp lookout for，与上文两个分词短语looking at…, buying…并列，都是句子谓语动词的伴随状语，共同描述人物的购物行为。
lookout来自动词短语look out（留心寻觅；当心，提防），指“观察所，瞭望台（人员）”，keep a lookout （for sb/sth）为固定短语，意为“注意，留心”，它代入文中，指“敏锐地留意有时会出售的便宜货”，符合文意，因此选［D］ keeping。
［篇章分析］②句较长，主干为she would walk，副词短语up and down（来回地）与介词短语between the stalls（穿梭于售货摊之间）都是walk的状语，分别表示方式与地点；looking…，buying…and keeping…三个并列的分词短语是walk…stalls的伴随动作。
其中在keeping…分词短语中又含有一个that引导的定语从句修饰bargains。
［空格设置］本题考查动词短语，其中中心动词keep与宾语lookout都可设空。
例句：The public should keep a lookout for symptoms of the disease.公众应当留心这种疾病的症状。
［干扰项设置］其他项都是常用的简单动词，但不符合搭配。
3. ［A］ buy ［B］ bought ［C］ buying ［D］to have bought本题考核的知识点是：独立结构。
［快速解题］空格所在部分是“with+逻辑主语（all the things she needed）+__3__”独立结构，在句中做状语，其中she needed是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，后置修饰things，即“她需要的所有东西”。
［A］buy是原形动词，不用于独立结构中。
［D］to have bought是不定式的完成式，用在这里不符合文意。
［B］bought和［C］buying分别为过去分词和现在分词，由于things与buy是被动的逻辑关系，因此选[B]，即“她需要的所有东西都（被）买好之后”。
［篇章分析］③句主干是she would leave the market for the streets of the town，句首with…独立结构表示时间，to spend…不定式短语做目的状语。
leave…for…表示“离开（某地）去……”。
［空格设置］本题考查由介词with引导的独立结构。
其中逻辑主语all the things和过去分词bought之间为一个省略了关系代词的定语从句she needed，构成解答本题的最大障碍。
［干扰项设置］其他项都设置为动词buy的不同形式，需要考生理清句子结构作出判断。
4. ［A］ in a way在某种程度上，不完全地［B］ by the way顺便提一下，问一句［C］ in the way（…）以……的方式［D］ on the way即将去（或来）；在路途中本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配辨析。
［快速解题］由选项可知，空格处填入一个以way为中心名词的介词短语。
根据文意，只有in the way代入文中文意通顺，即“以她最喜欢的方式再度过一小时”，因此选[C]。
［篇章分析］空格部分in a way…是to spend的方式状语，其中she liked best是省略关系代词that的定语从句，后置修饰way。