嘉兴学院毕业设计(任务书+文献综述+开题报告+外文翻译)

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嘉兴学院本科生毕业设计撰写规范

毕业论文（设计）撰写规范（2006年修订）为了加强学生创新能力和工程实践能力的培养，提高本科生毕业论文（设计）的质量，使学生论文撰写更加规范化，对2003年制订的《嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）撰写规范》予以修订。

一、毕业论文（设计）资料的组成、填写与装订（一）毕业论文（设计）资料的组成1.毕业论文（设计）任务书；2.毕业论文（设计）开题报告；3.毕业论文（设计）工作记录表、指导记录；4.毕业论文（设计）评语；5.毕业论文（设计）答辩纪录；6.毕业论文或毕业设计技术报告（包括：封面、中英文摘要、目录、正文、致谢、参考文献、附录(可选)等）；7.外文资料及原文复印件；8.工程图纸、程序及软盘等。

（二）毕业论文（设计）资料的填写毕业论文（设计）统一使用学校印制的毕业论文（设计）资料袋和封面。

毕业论文（设计）资料按要求认真填写，字体工整，版面整洁，一律用黑或兰黑墨水手写。

（三）毕业论文（设计）资料的装订毕业论文（设计）按统一顺序装订：分三本册编写目录和页码后一起放入填写好的资料袋内存档。

1、毕业论文（设计）：封面、中外文摘要、目录、正文、致谢、参考文献、附录（可选）；2、毕业论文（设计）过程材料：任务书、开题报告、文献综述、外文资料及原文复印件、工程图纸、程序及软盘等；3、毕业论文（设计）教学工作过程材料（学校印刷成册）。

二、毕业论文（设计）撰写的内容与要求一份完整的毕业论文（设计）应由以下部分组成：1.封面：由学校统一印刷，按要求填写。

2.论文题目论文题目应该用简短、明确的文字写成，通过标题把毕业论文（设计）的内容、专业特点概括出来。

题目字数要适当，一般不宜超过20个字。

如果有些细节必须放进标题，为避免冗长，可以设副标题，把细节放在副标题里。

3.摘要(中文在前，英文在后，样式见附录1、2）摘要应反映论文的精华，概括地阐述课题研究的基本观点、主要研究内容、研究方法、取得的成果和结论。

摘要字数要适当，中文摘要一般以300字左右，并有相应的英文摘要。

施工组织设计开题报告

嘉兴学院本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：君山二期工程施工组织设计学院：建筑工程学院专业：工程管理班级：工管081学号：200851585141学生姓名：卢新指导教师：贺成龙导师学科：工程管理导师职称：副教授开题日期：2011-12-30嘉兴学院毕业论文（设计）开题报告题目：君山二期工程施工组织设计学院名称：建筑工程学院专业班级：工程管理学生姓名：卢新学号：200851585141一、选题的背景与意义：1、建筑业仍然是国民经济中的支柱产业近几年我国国民经济保持了平稳快速发展，固定资产投资规模不断扩大，为建筑业的发展提供了良好的市场环境。

在2006-2010这五年里建筑业完成了一系列设计理念超前、结构造型复杂、科技含量高、使用要求高、施工难度大、令世界瞩目的重大工程；完成了上百亿平方米的住宅建筑，为改善城乡居民居住条件做出了突出贡献。

建筑业增加值占国内生产总值的比重保持在6%左右，2010年达到6.6%。

建筑业全社会从业人员达到4000万人以上，成为大量吸纳农村富余劳动力就业、拉动国民经济发展的重要产业。

在其他产业如节能环保产业、生物产业、信息技术产业、高端装备制造产业等还未足够壮大的时候，建筑业仍然是我国经济的支柱行业。

2、机遇和挑战并存接下来这几年（2011-2015年），也就是“十二五”期间，这是全面建设小康社会的关键时期，是深化改革开放，加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。

随着我国工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展，基本建设规模仍将持续增长，经济全球化继续深入发展，为建筑业“走出去”带来了更多的机遇。

与此同时，建筑业也面临高、大、难、新工程增加，各类业主对设计、建造水平和服务品质的要求不断提高，节能减排外部约束加大，高素质复合型、技能型人才不足，技术工人短缺，国内外建筑市场竞争加剧等严峻挑战。

3、重视施工组织设计，向新的目标前进施工组织设计是工程项目建设的极其重要的经济技术文件，是控制项目的质量、工期、成本的关键。

B本--各种表格文献综述翻译

85569966湖州师范学院求真学院————————————————信息系毕业设计（论文）附属过程管理材料（2009届）专业电子信息工程学号********学生姓名宗磊湖州师范学院求真学院教务部印制目录1. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）选题审批表2. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）任务书3. 外文原稿(复印件)与译文4. 文献综述（前言、主题、总结、参考文献）5. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告6. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查报告7. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）指导教师审阅表8. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）评阅人评阅表9. 毕业设计(论文)硬件验收评分表10. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）答辩记录表11. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计(论文) 答辩评分表12. 湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计(论文)评分表13. 校级优秀毕业设计(论文)推荐表湖州师范学院求真学院本科毕业设计（论文）选题审批表湖州师范学院求真学院毕业设计（论文）任务书指导教师（签名）学生（签名）开始执行任务日期毕业设计（论文）——外文翻译（原文）History and Properties of Liquid CrystalsAn Entirely New Phase of MatterIn 1888, the Austrian chemist Friedrich Reinitzer, working in the Institute of Plant Physiology at the University of Prague, discovered a strange phenomenon. Reinitzer was conducting experiments on a cholesterol based substance trying to figure out the correct formula and molecular weight of cholesterol. When he tried to precisely determine the melting point, which is an important indicator of the purity of a substance, he was struck by the fact that this substance seemed to have two melting points. At 145.5°C the solid crystal melted into a cloudy liquid which existed until 178.5°C where the cloudiness suddenly disappeared, giving way to a clear transparent liquid. At first Reinitzer thought that this might be a sign of impurities in the material, but further purification did not bring any changes to this behavior.Puzzled by his discovery, Reinitzer turned for help to the German physicist Otto Lehmann, who was an expert in crystal optics. Lehmann became convinced that the cloudy liquid had a unique kind of order. In contrast, the transparent liquid at higher temperature had the characteristic disordered state of all common liquids. Eventually he realized that the cloudy liquid was a new state of matter and coined the name "liquid crystal," illustrating that it was something between a liquid and a solid, sharing important properties of both. In a normal liquid the properties are isotropic, i.e. the same in all directions. In a liquid crystal they are not; they strongly depend on direction even if the substance itself is fluid.This new idea was challenged by the scientific community, and some scientists claimed that the newly-discovered state probably was just a mixture of solid and liquid components. But between 1910 and 1930 conclusive experiments and early theories supported the liquid crystal concept at the same time that new types of liquid crystalline states of order were discovered.At the early time of Reinitzer and Lehmann, scientists only knew three states of matter. The general idea was that all matter normally had one melting point, where it turns from solid to liquid, and a boiling point where it turns from liquid to gas. Water is a good example of this view. It melts at 0°C and it boils and becomes steam, which is water in its gaseous form, at 100°C.Today, thanks to Reinitzer, Lehmann and their followers, we know that literally thousands of substances have a diversity of other states. Some of them have been found very usable in several technical innovations, among which liquid crystal screens and liquid crystal thermometers may be the best known.In the 1960s, a French theoretical physicist, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, who had been working with magnetism and superconductivity, turned his interest to liquid crystals and soon found fascinating analogies between liquid crystals and superconductors as well as magnetic materials. His work was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics 1991. The modern development of liquid crystal science has since been deeply influenced by the work of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes.What is so Special about Liquid Crystals?Liquid crystals are partly ordered materials, somewhere between their solid and liquid phases. Their molecules are often shaped like rods or plates or some other forms that encourage them to align collectively along a certain direction. The order of liquid crystals can be manipulated with mechanical, magnetic or electric forces. Finally, liquid crystals are temperature sensitive since they turn into solid if it is too cold, and into liquid if it is too hot. This phenomenon can, for instance, be observed on laptop screens when it is very hot or very cold.How Do Liquid Crystal Displays W ork?To understand how a liquid crystal screen works, you must first understand the concept of light polarization. Light is made out of particles called photons. These photons travel at the speed of light. While moving, a photon vibrates in a plane which is perpendicular to its direction, but within this plane the vibration direction is random for normal (non-polarized) light.Some processes affect the direction of vibration. For instance, if sunlight is reflected off the surface of a road, or the surface of the open sea, the reflected light contains more vibrations parallel to this surface than perpendicular to it. The light has been polarized, in this case only partly. Some materials however, like the plastic used in polarizing sunglasses, may absorb almost all vibration components along a certain direction and only let through vibrations along the perpendicular direction. In normal sunglasses the admitted vibration direction is vertical. This is why polarizing sunglasses can be used to remove the glare of reflected light from the surface of a road, or the surface of the open sea.To polarize light you can use such a polarization filter as found in sunglasses. Two such polarization filters, placed after each other along the light with their admitting direction perpendicular to each other will not let any light through.So what has this to do with liquid crystal displays? Well, the conventional liquid crystal display basically consists of such a package of two crossed polarizers with a liquid crystal in between. If the molecules lie perpendicular to the plane of the polarizers, i.e. along the direction of the light ray, they have no influence on the state of polarization. Thus, the package of crossed polarizers lets no light through. The cell appears black. On the other hand, if the molecules are arranged to lie parallel to the plane of the polarizers, i.e. in the plane in which the light vibrates, the presence of the liquid crystal will strongly affect the state of polarization.In the so-called twisted nematic (or TN) display, the molecules are arranged in this way. More specifically, the glass surfaces are treated such that the molecular direction is parallel to the admitting direction of each neighboring polarizer. Because these directions are crossed, the molecular direction is confined to a 90° twist from one side of the cell to the other (see figure). In this case, what happens is that the light vibration follows this twist from one polarizer to the other, so that all light in fact passes the cell, without being absorbed, in spite of the fact that the polarizers are crossed. Hence, the cell appears bright.As mentioned earlier, liquid crystals are sensitive to electric forces. If you apply an electric field that is strong enough across a liquid crystal of the right kind, its molecules arrange themselves parallel to the electric field. So now, by applying a voltage across the liquid crystal cell, i.e. along the light direction, you destroy the twist and instead force the molecules into the direction in which they do not affect the polarization state of the light. All light is now absorbed by the crossed polarizers and the cell appears black when the electric field is turned on.By creating a matrix of squares that locally control the state of the twist in their respective area you get a liquid crystal display containing a large number of individual picture elements (pixels).毕业设计（论文）——外文翻译（译文）液晶的历史和性能一种全新阶段的物质在1888年，布拉格大学植物生理学研究所中工作的奥地利化学家弗里德里希²莱尼泽发现了一个奇怪的现象。

任务书和开题报告范例

南京林业大学2010 届毕业论文任务书填表须知：[1]本任务书所列各项由指导教师详细填写，以便学生全面了解和正确执行。

本任务书经学院、系(教研室)审定后，送教学科一份，发给学生一份。

[2]学生接到任务书后，应制订好工作计划，填写开题报告，认真撰写毕业论文，并按规定时间完成。

任务书所列各项内容不得涂改，因特殊情况需要变动的必须经系(教研室)负责人、教学院长审核同意。

[3]本任务书中“[ ]”内容为填表解释。

毕业论文完成后，本任务书装订在论文前面，交学院存档。

一、基本情况1、学院专业：外国语学院英语专业。

2、选题名称：An Analysis of Poe’s Theory of Effect Applied in Ligeia3、指导教师：胡斐；指导教师职称：副教授。

4、协助指导教师：；协助指导教师职称：。

5、学生学号：0673229 ；学生姓名：赵晶。

6、导师团成员：。

[助教及助教以下职称的指导教师需导师团成员指导]7、作业期限：2009 年12 月1 日至2010 年5 月31 日。

8、作业地点：南京林业大学。

910、选题出处：[填写毕业论文选题的具体来源，例如科研项目名称、生产项目名称等]自选。

二、审批情况1、系(教研室)意见：2、学院审批意见：三、毕业论文任务1、总体要求撰写毕业论文的时间为16周。

学生结合生产单位、管理部门或指导教师的科研课题，进行试验、调查研究，或广泛收集资料进行深入分析论证，在经过总结分析得出结论后，独立撰写并答辩。

2、论文内容及具体要求[主要包括对前言、方案拟定、实验数据采集与处理、结果分析、结论、附表等的要求]3、指定阅读的参考文献[要求中文文献不低于10篇，外文文献不低于5篇]4、备注[指导教师对学生的其他要求及说明等]南京林业大学毕业设计(论文)开题报告。

实习函

嘉兴学院商学院2014届毕业生毕业教学环节教学进度安排毕业环节教学是高等学校教育人才培养计划中的重要组成部分，是教学过程中的重要环节，也是毕业生走向社会和上岗前的重要实践环节。

为了做好我院毕业环节教学工作，促进毕业论文（设计）质量不断提高，根据《嘉兴学院毕业论文(设计)教学工作规范》的精神和学校《关于2014届毕业生毕业教学环节教学进度安排的通知》，我院对2014届毕业生毕业论文（设计）和毕业实习工作具体安排如下：一、毕业论文（设计）工作总体安排1.今年毕业论文（设计）继续使用高校毕业设计（论文）网络平台，平台网址为：（/login.jsp）。

2.各专业应按照《嘉兴学院毕业论文(设计)教学工作规范》的要求，进行论文（设计）指导教师资格认定。

每位指导教师指导的学生人数原则上不超过10名，第一次从事毕业论文（设计）指导的教师，指导学生人数原则上不超过3名。

职称为初级的指导人员只能作为毕业论文（设计）第二指导人参与指导。

3.各专业应认真审定毕业论文(设计)参考选题，并于10月20日前向毕业生公布（只有系主任在论文平台中已完成审核的选题，学生才能选），每个选题应包括主要中英文参考书目（文献）、检索相关文献的数量要求以及学生翻译的外文文献等，学生选题工作应于10月25日前完成，导师在11月4日前完成对学生选题的确认及任务书的下达。

4.按教学计划要求，学生完成毕业论文（设计）的时间不得少于12周。

为此，毕业生原则上应于2013年12月27日前完成并分别上传毕业论文（设计）文献综述、开题报告及外文翻译至毕业论文平台，导师完成对相关材料的评阅。

5.下学期毕业班学生必须先到学校报到注册，各专业应集中三周时间（2014年2月16日～3月7日），组织学生进行毕业论文（设计）的撰写并加强指导，学生完成毕业论文（设计）初稿经指导老师认可并通过系、学院组织的审核后，才能进入毕业实习环节。

6.下学期毕业实习学生2014年5月3日结束返校，5月10日前将完成的毕业论文（设计）上传至毕业论文平台，5月10日开始毕业论文（设计）评阅与论文相似度检测。

嘉兴学院外国语学院办公楼设计【开题报告】

毕业论文开题报告土木工程嘉兴学院外国语学院办公楼设计一、毕业设计题目：毕业设计题目为：嘉兴学院外国语学院办公楼设计二、选题的背景与意义：和其他教学环节不同，毕业设计要求学生在指导老师的指导下，独立系统的完成一项工程设计，解决与之有关的所有问题，熟悉相关设计规范、手册、标准图以及工程实践中常用的方法，具有实践性、综合性强的显著特点。

因而对培养学生的综合素质、增强工程意识和创新能力具有其他教学环节无法取代的重要作用。

同时，在完成毕业设计的过程中，还要求我们同时运用感性和理性知识去把握整个建筑的处理，这其中就包括建筑外观和结构两个方面。

还要求我们更好的了解国内外建筑设计的发展现状及趋势，更多的关注这方面的学术动态，以及我们在以后的土木工程专业方向有更大的造诣。

土木工程是建造各类工程设施的科学，技术和工程的总称。

土木工程是伴随着人类社会的发展而发展起来的。

它所建造的工程设施反映出各个历史时期社会经济、文化、科学、技术发展的面貌，因而土木工程也就成为社会历史发展的见证之一。

土木工程在我国可以分为：建筑工程、桥梁工程、公路和城市道路工程、铁路工程、隧道工程、水利工程、港口工程、给水和排水工程、环境工程。

作为土木工程专业的学生，深知土木工程设计范围之广，以及和社会生活联系之密切。

我们在校只是学习了土木工程这一个小的分支并且着重学习了工民建部分。

就此次的设计题目，以及结合任务书所给定的各项条件，选择了框架结构比较合理并且切合实际。

框架结构由梁柱构成，构件截面较小，因此框架结构的承载力和刚度都较低，它的受力特点类似于竖向悬臂剪切梁，楼层越高，水平位移越慢，高层框架在纵横两个方向都承受很大的水平力，这时，现浇楼面也作为梁共同工作的，装配整体式楼面的作用则不考虑，框架结构的墙体是填充墙，起围护和分隔作用，框架结构的特点是能为建筑提供灵活的使用空间，可提供较大的使用空间，也可构成丰富多变的立面造型。

国外多用钢为框架材料，而国内主要为钢筋混凝土框架，框架结构可通过合理的设计，使之具有良好的延性，成为“延性框架”,在地震作用下，这种延性框架具有良好的抗震性能。

6、毕业设计(论文)外文翻译(原文)模板

编号：桂林电子科技大学信息科技学院毕业设计(论文)外文翻译（原文）系（部）：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师单位：姓名：职称：年月日1、所填写内容“居中”对齐，注意每项下划线长度一致，所填字体为三号字、宋体字。

2、A4纸打印；页边距要求如下：页边距上下各为2.5 厘米，左右边距各为2.5厘米。

正文：要求为小四号Times New Roman字体，行间距取固定值（设置值为20磅）；字符间距为默认值（缩放100%，间距：标准）。

页眉处“共X页”，X需要手动修改。

大功率LED散热的研究摘要：如何提高大功率LED的散热能力，是LED器件封装和器件应用设计要解决的核心问题。

介绍并分析了国内外大功率LED散热封装技术的研究现状，总结了其发展趋势与前景用途。

关键词：大功率LED；散热；封装1. 引言发光二极管（LED ）诞生至今，已经实现了全彩化和高亮度化，并在蓝光LED 和紫光LED 的基础上开发了白光LED ，它为人类照明史又带来了一次飞跃。

发光二极管（LED）具有低耗能、省电、寿命长、耐用等优点，因而被各方看好将取代传统照明成为未来照明光源。

而大功率LED 作为第四代电光源，赋有“绿色照明光源”之称，具有体积小、安全低电压、寿命长、电光转换效率高、响应速度快、节能、环保等优良特性，必将取代传统的白炽灯、卤钨灯和荧光灯而成为21世纪的新一代光源。

普通LED 功率一般为0.05W ，工作电流为20mA ，大功率LED可以达到1W，2W，甚至数十瓦！工作电流可以是几十毫安到几百毫安不等。

其特点具有体积小、耗电小、发热小、寿命长、响应速度快、安全低电压、耐候性好、方向性好等优点。

外罩可用PC管制作，耐高温达135 度，低温-45 度。

广泛应用在油田、石化、铁路、矿山、部队等特殊行业、舞台装饰、城市景观照明、显示屏以及体育场馆等，特种工作灯具中的具有广泛的应用前景。

但由于目前大功率白光LED 的转换效率还较低，光通量较小，成本较高等方面因素的制约，因此大功率白光LED 短期内的应用主要是一些特殊领域的特种工作灯具，中长期目标才能是通用照明领域。

外文翻译格式及规范

嘉兴学院毕业论文（设计）外文翻译撰写格式规范一、外文翻译形式要求1、要求本科生毕业论文（设计）外文翻译部分的外文字符不少于1.5万字, 每篇外文文献翻译的中文字数要求达到2000字以上，一般以2000~3000字左右为宜。

2、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业论文（设计）的参考文献。

3、外文翻译应包括外文文献原文和译文，译文要符合外文格式规范和翻译习惯。

二、打印格式嘉兴学院毕业论文（设计）外文翻译打印纸张统一用A4复印纸，页面设置：上：2.8；下：2.6；左：3.0；右：2.6；页眉：1.5；页脚：1.75。

段落格式为：1.5倍行距，段前、段后均为0磅。

页脚设置为：插入页码，居中。

具体格式见下页温馨提示：正式提交“嘉兴学院毕业论文（设计）外文翻译”时请删除本文本中说明性的文字部分（红字部分）。

嘉兴学院本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译题目：（指毕业论文题目）学院名称：服装与艺术设计学院专业班级：楷体小四学生姓名：楷体小四一、外文原文见附件（文件名：12位学号+学生姓名+3外文原文．文件扩展名）。

二、翻译文章翻译文章题目（黑体小三号，1.5倍行距，居中）作者（用原文，不需翻译，Times New Roman五号，加粗，1.5倍行距，居中）工作单位（用原文，不需翻译，Times New Roman五号，1.5倍行距，居中）摘要：由于消费者的需求和汽车市场竞争力的提高，汽车检测标准越来越高。

现在车辆生产必须长于之前的时间并允许更高的价格进行连续转售……。

(内容采用宋体五号，1.5倍行距)关键词：汽车产业纺织品，测试，控制，标准，材料的耐用性1 导言（一级标题，黑体五号，1.5倍行距，顶格）缩进两个字符，文本主体内容采用宋体（五号），1.5倍行距参考文献（一级标题，黑体五号， 1.5倍行距，顶格）略（参考文献不需翻译，可省略）资料来源：AUTEX Research Journal, V ol. 5, No3, September 2008*****译****校（另起一页）三、指导教师评语***同学是否能按时完成外文翻译工作。

服装设计开题报告【范本模板】

嘉兴学院毕业论文（设计）开题报告题目:等高线学院名称：设计学院专业班级：服饰131 学生姓名：冯俊杰一、选题的背景、意义提起“等高线”，大多数人会第一时间想到地图。

等高线指的是地形图上高程相等的相邻各点所连成的闭合曲线。

把地面上海拔高度相同的点连成的闭合曲线，并垂直投影到一个水平面上，并按比例缩绘在图纸上，就得到等高线。

等高线也可以看作是不同海拔高度的水平面与实际地面的交线，所以等高线是闭合曲线.在等高线上标注的数字为该等高线的海拔。

本系列服装取名为“等高线”，源于对等高线在海拔地形不同的情况下密度不同，展现出不一样的律动.将等高线的律动通过不同的表现手法在服装上体现出来.现在市场上男装具有个性的服装较少，款式主题远落后于女装。

本系列主要从男装的角度出发，在实用的基础上艺术创新。

随着人民生活水平的提高和服装工业的发展,男士在选择服装时，除了考虑功能性的要求之外,更多的会将服装作为传达自身个性或者品味的方式.因此，当消费者的个性需求越来越旺盛时，就需要更多的品牌个性去满足其个人诉求。

多品牌策略有利于企业更好地找到市场切入点，获得更高的市场利润。

目前，与世界服装名企相比，我国男装企业尚处于品牌塑造的初级阶段，区别于世界顶级的“设计师品牌”，我国男装品牌虽然已经有少数企业向介于工业品牌和设计师品牌之间的商业品牌迈进，但大部分仍以“工业品牌”为主,缺乏个性。

“等高线”系列服装意在用色简洁大方，用黑色为主，内搭丰富.体现等高线特点的同时又不失男性个性.二、相关研究的最新成果及动态在当今服装市场上,宽松的廓形成为时代的潮流，而具有个性的男装该如何发展也成为一个问题.对于国内男装行业来说，经过多年的发展已经成为服装业中最为成熟的一个子行业，在生产、管理、营销、品牌树立等各个环节上都是日趋合理和完善.男装格局逐步形成了国际化的品类布局，商务正装,商务休闲，时尚休闲，户外休闲等概念正在中国男士的消费观念中有了更细的划分.高级白领政府官员的着装习惯也从原来的商务正装死板单一，逐步地向商务休闲装的能多场合穿着及舒适感好和户外休闲装贴近野外风格特殊等要求而转移。

我国银行保险发展存在的问题及对策分析设计(1)

嘉兴学院南湖学院毕业论文（设计）过程材料题目：我国银行保险发展存在的问题及对策分析嘉兴学院毕业论文（设计）任务书题目：我国银行保险发展存在的问题及对策分析系别：商学系专业：一、主要任务与目标：如果给银行保险业下个简单的定义，就是指银行和保险公司双方通过发挥各自优势、满足客户多元化金融服务，实现资源互补和各自利益最大化的一种商业模式。

随着金融一体化的发展，银行保险业在我国也得到了快速发展，其在金融体系中的地位和作用愈加明显。

但是，比起发达国家已经比较成熟的银保合作关系和合作模式，我国的银行保险业尚处于发展的初级阶段，还存在着许多问题。

深入研究银行保险业存在的问题，探求其未来发展模式，对我国金融业乃至整个社会经济的发展，都将起到积极的推动作用。

二、主要内容与基本要求：银行保险是在经济全球化和金融自由化的宏观背景下,银行业务与保险业务彼此渗透、银行资本与保险资本相互融合的必然产物。

随着金融一体化进程的加快,银行保险作为一种新的金融制度安排,已经成为当今国际金融业的重要发展趋势。

银行保险最早起源于欧洲,目前发展已经非常成熟。

所以本文主要以欧洲银行保险为例介绍国外银保业的发展。

银行保险使银行能够深度开发已有的客户资源,同时增加中间业务收入；同时也使保险公司降低成本,借助银行的优越的网点资源,保费迅速上升。

银行保险在资源整合、成本节约方面发挥着巨大的协同效应与范围经济。

银行保险的发展能够带动我国金融业综合经营的趋势发展。

我国银行保险的发展历史不长,虽然进行了积极的尝试和探索,取得了较快的发展,但是在银行保险业务带动保费快速增长的同时也存在着诸多问题,制约着我国银行保险业的进一步发展。

本文首先介绍了银行保险的基本概念和发展历史,以及对银行保险的进行了协同效应以及范围经济的分析,银行保险是世界金融业市场化发展的结果。

其次分析了国外银行保险发展的市场环境以及成功的银保合作模式。

再次介绍了我国银行保险的发展状况,分析我国目前银保业存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出对策,以促进我国银行保险市场健康、有序、可持续的发展。

微型驻极体发电机的研究与开发

嘉兴学院毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文题目：Research and development of micro electret power generators译文题目：微型驻极体发电机的研究与开发学院名称：机电工程学院专业班级：机械N111学生姓名：李晨微型驻极体发电机的研究与开发杨朝晖.望京&张金文1.引言随着电子系统的尺寸不断减小，是否具有体积小，重量轻的特点，高能量密度和连续的能量供应对于开发微型发电机非常重要。

微电源技术是一种多学科的研究课题，因为它涉及到材料学，电磁学，热学，力学。

空气动力学，因此，它的发展将带动在微型电子应用领域相关技术的进步。

微型发电机通常可以分为两类：能源消消耗与环境能量收集。

有许多类型的能源消耗的微型发电机，可以归纳为三个，如微化学电池[ 1】，微型锂电池[ 2 ]微型燃料电池[ 3 ]。

具有高能量密度的优点，输出电压高、工作温度范围宽。

然而，这些能源消费的微型发电机需要补充燃料，可能在某些情况下，如植入分布式系统是极为困难的或不可能的。

环境能量收集微型的发电机，如微型太阳能电池[ 4 ]，微小的细胞[ 5 ]和振动式微型发电机[ 6 ]，是能量转换solar.mechanical或热传感器周围的电力能源。

这类环境能源是可再生的，而这些能量采集发电机可以增加寿命或网络系统的容量，并且他们更为经济，安全和环保。

典型的微型发电机利用振动采收装置在周围吸收电能或机械能（电磁，静电或压电）。

他们可以利用无线传感器和低功耗微器件的各种环境振动来进行能量供应。

根据不同的能量转换机制，基于微发电机的振动可以分为电力压电型和静态压电型类型【7-10 ]。

电磁微型发电机依靠电磁效应，通常利用永磁体和导体转变能量之间的相关运动进行工作。

这是一个普遍和成熟的应用方法，但低电压输出，线圈或磁场的数量必须通过高电压输出增加，尽管它们都是由芯片大小的限制的。

压电微发电机采用压电材料，这将产生一个电压，双方在一个压力条件下，它具有较高的功率密度，但有较大的串联电阻。

【精品毕设】PLC毕业设计开题报告(含文献综述、外文翻译)

毕业设计开题报告（含文献综述、外文翻译）题目椭圆形盖板自动打磨设备设计姓名何宇荣学号0836210061班级08机械3班专业机械设计制造及其自动化学院机械工程学院指导教师（职称）李军（副教授）开题报告1. 选题的背景和意义1.1 选题的背景在现代国民经济中，制造业是国民经济各部门科学技术进步的基础，机械加工工艺直接制约着机器制造业的发展，而产品的研发和生产取决于机床夹具制造技术。

机械工业能提供装备的技术性能、质量和可靠性，因此，机械工业的技术水平和规模是衡量一个国家科技水平和经济实力的重要标志。

随着工业自动化的进步、控制技术的发展及受数字技术和微处理技术的影响，人们对工业过程控制的终端—执行器提出了新的要求。

工业自动化，主要指在工业生产中应用自动化技术，实现产品的无间断自动生产，并以此加快产品的制造速度，由于其对人工需求较少，故可以有效的降低生产中的人工成本，这在当今工人工资急剧上涨的背景下十分重要。

同时，在某些生产、加工领域，人工操作有一定的危险性或其精度等无法满足生产要求，在这些领域中，工业自动化技术的应用可以说是必须的。

本课题涉及的马桶盖边缘打磨系统即属于工业自动化设备。

1.2选题意义近几十年来，在工业制造领域，由于人工成本的大幅提升，使得工业自动化在大量企业中开始推广，企业对自动化生产的需求又反过来带动包括微电子技术、计算机制造技术及各类控制理论在内的大量自动化生产相关领域技术的发展,在这种相互促进中，自动化技术有了长足进步，相比较以往，现今的自动化生产有如下发展：1.更多样、更高精度的检测方式：近几十年中，大量新技术在检测领域的应用，使得检测手段比以往更为多样，仅以位置/位移传感器为例，有各类编码器、激光/红外测距传感器、电感\电容式传感器、光栅尺等十数种，并且，随着微电子技术的发展，各类传感器的检测精度、可靠性、抗干扰能力都较之以往有所提2。

毕业设计英文翻译(原文)

编号：毕业设计(论文)外文翻译（原文）院（系）：桂林电子科技大学专业：电子信息工程学生姓名： xx学号： xxxxxxxxxxxxx 指导教师单位：桂林电子科技大学姓名： xxxx职称： xx2014年x月xx日Timing on and off power supplyusesThe switching power supply products are widely used in industrial automation and control, military equipment, scientific equipment, LED lighting, industrial equipment,communications equipment,electrical equipment,instrumentation, medical equipment, semiconductor cooling and heating, air purifiers, electronic refrigerator, LCD monitor, LED lighting, communications equipment, audio-visual products, security, computer chassis, digital products and equipment and other fields.IntroductionWith the rapid development of power electronics technology, power electronics equipment and people's work, the relationship of life become increasingly close, and electronic equipment without reliable power, into the 1980s, computer power and the full realization of the switching power supply, the first to complete the computer Power new generation to enter the switching power supply in the 1990s have entered into a variety of electronic, electrical devices, program-controlled switchboards, communications, electronic testing equipment power control equipment, power supply, etc. have been widely used in switching power supply, but also to promote the rapid development of the switching power supply technology .Switching power supply is the use of modern power electronics technology to control the ratio of the switching transistor to turn on and off to maintain a stable output voltage power supply, switching power supply is generally controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) ICs and switching devices (MOSFET, BJT) composition. Switching power supply and linear power compared to both the cost and growth with the increase of output power, but the two different growth rates. A power point, linear power supply costs, but higher than the switching power supply. With the development of power electronics technology and innovation, making the switching power supply technology to continue to innovate, the turning points of this cost is increasingly move to the low output power side, the switching power supply provides a broad space for development.The direction of its development is the high-frequency switching power supply, high frequency switching power supply miniaturization, and switching power supply into a wider range of application areas, especially in high-tech fields, and promote the miniaturization of high-tech products, light of. In addition, the development and application of the switching power supply in terms of energy conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance.classificationModern switching power supply, there are two: one is the DC switching power supply; the other is the AC switching power supply. Introduces only DC switching power supply and its function is poor power quality of the original eco-power (coarse) - such as mains power or battery power, converted to meet the equipment requirements of high-quality DC voltage (Varitronix) . The core of the DC switching power supply DC / DC converter. DC switching power supply classification is dependent on the classification of DC / DC converter. In other words, the classification of the classification of the DC switching power supply and DC/DC converter is the classification of essentially the same, the DC / DC converter is basically a classification of the DC switching power supply.DC /DC converter between the input and output electrical isolation can be divided into two categories: one is isolated called isolated DC/DC converter; the other is not isolated as non-isolated DC / DC converter.Isolated DC / DC converter can also be classified by the number of active power devices. The single tube of DC / DC converter Forward (Forward), Feedback (Feedback) two. The double-barreled double-barreled DC/ DC converter Forward (Double Transistor Forward Converter), twin-tube feedback (Double Transistor Feedback Converter), Push-Pull (Push the Pull Converter) and half-bridge (Half-Bridge Converter) four. Four DC / DC converter is the full-bridge DC / DC converter (Full-Bridge Converter).Non-isolated DC / DC converter, according to the number of active power devices can be divided into single-tube, double pipe, and four three categories. Single tube to a total of six of the DC / DC converter, step-down (Buck) DC / DC converter, step-up (Boost) DC / DC converters, DC / DC converter, boost buck (Buck Boost) device of Cuk the DC / DC converter, the Zeta DC / DC converter and SEPIC, the DC / DC converter. DC / DC converters, the Buck and Boost type DC / DC converter is the basic buck-boost of Cuk, Zeta, SEPIC, type DC / DC converter is derived from a single tube in this six. The twin-tube cascaded double-barreled boost (buck-boost) DC / DC converter DC / DC converter. Four DC / DC converter is used, the full-bridge DC / DC converter (Full-Bridge Converter).Isolated DC / DC converter input and output electrical isolation is usually transformer to achieve the function of the transformer has a transformer, so conducive to the expansion of the converter output range of applications, but also easy to achieve different voltage output , or a variety of the same voltage output.Power switch voltage and current rating, the converter's output power is usually proportional to the number of switch. The more the number of switch, the greater the output power of the DC / DC converter, four type than the two output power is twice as large,single-tube output power of only four 1/4.A combination of non-isolated converters and isolated converters can be a single converter does not have their own characteristics. Energy transmission points, one-way transmission and two-way transmission of two DC / DC converter. DC / DC converter with bi-directional transmission function, either side of the transmission power from the power of lateral load power from the load-lateral side of the transmission power.DC / DC converter can be divided into self-excited and separately controlled. With the positive feedback signal converter to switch to self-sustaining periodic switching converter, called self-excited converter, such as the the Luo Yeer (Royer,) converter is a typical push-pull self-oscillating converter. Controlled DC / DC converter switching device control signal is generated by specialized external control circuit.the switching power supply.People in the field of switching power supply technology side of the development of power electronic devices, while the development of the switching inverter technology, the two promote each other to promote the switching power supply annual growth rate of more than two digits toward the light, small, thin, low-noise, high reliability, the direction of development of anti-jamming. Switching power supply can be divided into AC / DC and DC / DC two categories, AC / AC DC / AC, such as inverters, DC / DC converter is now modular design technology and production processes at home and abroad have already matured and standardization, and has been recognized by the user, but AC / DC modular, its own characteristics make the modular process, encounter more complex technology and manufacturing process. Hereinafter to illustrate the structure and characteristics of the two types of switching power supply.Self-excited: no external signal source can be self-oscillation, completely self-excited to see it as feedback oscillation circuit of a transformer.Separate excitation: entirely dependent on external sustain oscillations, excited used widely in practical applications. According to the excitation signal structure classification; can be divided into pulse-width-modulated and pulse amplitude modulated two pulse width modulated control the width of the signal is frequency, pulse amplitude modulation control signal amplitude between the same effect are the oscillation frequency to maintain within a certain range to achieve the effect of voltage stability. The winding of the transformer can generally be divided into three types, one group is involved in the oscillation of the primary winding, a group of sustained oscillations in the feedback winding, there is a group of load winding. Such as Shanghai is used in household appliances art technological production of switching power supply, 220V AC bridge rectifier, changing to about 300V DC filter added tothe collector of the switch into the transformer for high frequency oscillation, the feedback winding feedback to the base to maintain the circuit oscillating load winding induction signal, the DC voltage by the rectifier, filter, regulator to provide power to the load. Load winding to provide power at the same time, take up the ability to voltage stability, the principle is the voltage output circuit connected to a voltage sampling device to monitor the output voltage changes, and timely feedback to the oscillator circuit to adjust the oscillation frequency, so as to achieve stable voltage purposes, in order to avoid the interference of the circuit, the feedback voltage back to the oscillator circuit with optocoupler isolation.technology developmentsThe high-frequency switching power supply is the direction of its development, high-frequency switching power supply miniaturization, and switching power supply into the broader field of application, especially in high-tech fields, and promote the development and advancement of the switching power supply, an annual more than two-digit growth rate toward the light, small, thin, low noise, high reliability, the direction of the anti-jamming. Switching power supply can be divided into AC / DC and DC / DC two categories, the DC / DC converter is now modular design technology and production processes at home and abroad have already matured and standardized, and has been recognized by the user, but modular AC / DC, because of its own characteristics makes the modular process, encounter more complex technology and manufacturing process. In addition, the development and application of the switching power supply in terms of energy conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance.The switching power supply applications in power electronic devices as diodes, IGBT and MOSFET.SCR switching power supply input rectifier circuit and soft start circuit, a small amount of applications, the GTR drive difficult, low switching frequency, gradually replace the IGBT and MOSFET.Direction of development of the switching power supply is a high-frequency, high reliability, low power, low noise, jamming and modular. Small, thin, and the key technology is the high frequency switching power supply light, so foreign major switching power supply manufacturers have committed to synchronize the development of new intelligent components, in particular, is to improve the secondary rectifier loss, and the power of iron Oxygen materials to increase scientific and technological innovation in order to improve the magnetic properties of high frequency and large magnetic flux density (Bs), and capacitor miniaturization is a key technology. SMT technology allows the switching power supply has made considerable progress, the arrangement of the components in the circuit board on bothsides, to ensure that the light of the switching power supply, a small, thin. High-frequency switching power supply is bound to the traditional PWM switching technology innovation, realization of ZVS, ZCS soft-switching technology has become the mainstream technology of the switching power supply, and a substantial increase in the efficiency of the switching power supply. Indicators for high reliability, switching power supply manufacturers in the United States by reducing the operating current, reducing the junction temperature and other measures to reduce the stress of the device, greatly improve the reliability of products.Modularity is the overall trend of switching power supply, distributed power systems can be composed of modular power supply, can be designed to N +1 redundant power system, and the parallel capacity expansion. For this shortcoming of the switching power supply running noise, separate the pursuit of high frequency noise will also increase, while the use of part of the resonant converter circuit technology to achieve high frequency, in theory, but also reduce noise, but some The practical application of the resonant converter technology, there are still technical problems, it is still a lot of work in this field, so that the technology to be practical.Power electronics technology innovation, switching power supply industry has broad prospects for development. To accelerate the pace of development of the switching power supply industry in China, it must take the road of technological innovation, out of joint production and research development path with Chinese characteristics and contribute to the rapid development of China's national economy.Developments and trends of the switching power supply1955 U.S. Royer (Roger) invented the self-oscillating push-pull transistor single-transformer DC-DC converter is the beginning of the high-frequency conversion control circuit 1957 check race Jen, Sen, invented a self-oscillating push-pull dual transformers, 1964, U.S. scientists canceled frequency transformer in series the idea of switching power supply, the power supply to the size and weight of the decline in a fundamental way. 1969 increased due to the pressure of the high-power silicon transistor, diode reverse recovery time shortened and other components to improve, and finally made a 25-kHz switching power supply.At present, the switching power supply to the small, lightweight and high efficiency characteristics are widely used in a variety of computer-oriented terminal equipment, communications equipment, etc. Almost all electronic equipment is indispensable for a rapid development of today's electronic information industry power mode. Bipolar transistor made of 100kHz, 500kHz power MOS-FET made, though already the practical switching power supply is currently available on the market, but its frequency to be further improved. Toimprove the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce the switching losses, and to reduce the switching losses, the need for high-speed switch components. However, the switching speed will be affected by the distribution of the charge stored in the inductance and capacitance, or diode circuit to produce a surge or noise. This will not only affect the surrounding electronic equipment, but also greatly reduce the reliability of the power supply itself. Which, in order to prevent the switching Kai - closed the voltage surge, RC or LC buffers can be used, and the current surge can be caused by the diode stored charge of amorphous and other core made of magnetic buffer . However, the high frequency more than 1MHz, the resonant circuit to make the switch on the voltage or current through the switch was a sine wave, which can reduce switching losses, but also to control the occurrence of surges. This switch is called the resonant switch. Of this switching power supply is active, you can, in theory, because in this way do not need to greatly improve the switching speed of the switching losses reduced to zero, and the noise is expected to become one of the high-frequency switching power supply The main ways. At present, many countries in the world are committed to several trillion Hz converter utility.the principle of IntroductionThe switching power supply of the process is quite easy to understand, linear power supplies, power transistors operating in the linear mode and linear power, the PWM switching power supply to the power transistor turns on and off state, in both states, on the power transistor V - security product is very small (conduction, low voltage, large current; shutdown, voltage, current) V oltammetric product / power device is power semiconductor devices on the loss.Compared with the linear power supply, the PWM switching power supply more efficient process is achieved by "chopping", that is cut into the amplitude of the input DC voltage equal to the input voltage amplitude of the pulse voltage. The pulse duty cycle is adjusted by the switching power supply controller. Once the input voltage is cut into the AC square wave, its amplitude through the transformer to raise or lower. Number of groups of output voltage can be increased by increasing the number of primary and secondary windings of the transformer. After the last AC waveform after the rectifier filter the DC output voltage.The main purpose of the controller is to maintain the stability of the output voltage, the course of their work is very similar to the linear form of the controller. That is the function blocks of the controller, the voltage reference and error amplifier can be designed the same as the linear regulator. Their difference lies in the error amplifier output (error voltage) in the drive before the power tube to go through a voltage / pulse-width conversion unit.Switching power supply There are two main ways of working: Forward transformand boost transformation. Although they are all part of the layout difference is small, but the course of their work vary greatly, have advantages in specific applications.the circuit schematicThe so-called switching power supply, as the name implies, is a door, a door power through a closed power to stop by, then what is the door, the switching power supply using SCR, some switch, these two component performance is similar, are relying on the base switch control pole (SCR), coupled with the pulse signal to complete the on and off, the pulse signal is half attentive to control the pole voltage increases, the switch or transistor conduction, the filter output voltage of 300V, 220V rectifier conduction, transmitted through the switching transformer secondary through the transformer to the voltage increase or decrease for each circuit work. Oscillation pulse of negative semi-attentive to the power regulator, base, or SCR control voltage lower than the original set voltage power regulator cut-off, 300V power is off, switch the transformer secondary no voltage, then each circuit The required operating voltage, depends on this secondary road rectifier filter capacitor discharge to maintain. Repeat the process until the next pulse cycle is a half weeks when the signal arrival. This switch transformer is called the high-frequency transformer, because the operating frequency is higher than the 50HZ low frequency. Then promote the pulse of the switch or SCR, which requires the oscillator circuit, we know, the transistor has a characteristic, is the base-emitter voltage is 0.65-0.7V is the zoom state, 0.7V These are the saturated hydraulic conductivity state-0.1V-0.3V in the oscillatory state, then the operating point after a good tune, to rely on the deep negative feedback to generate a negative pressure, so that the oscillating tube onset, the frequency of the oscillating tube capacitor charging and discharging of the length of time from the base to determine the oscillation frequency of the output pulse amplitude, and vice versa on the small, which determines the size of the output voltage of the power regulator. Transformer secondary output voltage regulator, usually switching transformer, single around a set of coils, the voltage at its upper end, as the reference voltage after the rectifier filter, then through the optocoupler, this benchmark voltage return to the base of the oscillating tube pole to adjust the level of the oscillation frequency, if the transformer secondary voltage is increased, the sampling coil output voltage increases, the positive feedback voltage obtained through the optocoupler is also increased, this voltage is applied oscillating tube base, so that oscillation frequency is reduced, played a stable secondary output voltage stability, too small do not have to go into detail, nor it is necessary to understand the fine, such a high-power voltage transformer by switching transmission, separated and after the class returned by sampling the voltage from the opto-coupler pass separated after class, so before the mains voltage, and after the classseparation, which is called cold plate, it is safe, transformers before power is independent, which is called switching power supply.the DC / DC conversionDC / DC converter is a fixed DC voltage transformation into a variable DC voltage, also known as the DC chopper. There are two ways of working chopper, one Ts constant pulse width modulation mode, change the ton (General), the second is the frequency modulation, the same ton to change the Ts, (easy to produce interference). Circuit by the following categories:Buck circuit - the step-down chopper, the average output voltage U0 is less than the input voltage Ui, the same polarity.Boost Circuit - step-up chopper, the average output voltage switching power supply schematic U0 is greater than the input voltage Ui, the same polarity.Buck-Boost circuit - buck or boost chopper, the output average voltage U0 is greater than or less than the input voltage Ui, the opposite polarity, the inductance transmission.Cuk circuit - a buck or boost chopper, the output average voltage U0 is greater than or less than the input voltage Ui, the opposite polarity, capacitance transmission.The above-mentioned non-isolated circuit, the isolation circuit forward circuits, feedback circuit, the half-bridge circuit, the full bridge circuit, push-pull circuit. Today's soft-switching technology makes a qualitative leap in the DC / DC the U.S. VICOR company design and manufacture a variety of ECI soft-switching DC / DC converter, the maximum output power 300W, 600W, 800W, etc., the corresponding power density (6.2 , 10,17) W/cm3 efficiency (80-90)%. A the Japanese Nemic Lambda latest using soft-switching technology, high frequency switching power supply module RM Series, its switching frequency (200 to 300) kHz, power density has reached 27W/cm3 with synchronous rectifier (MOSFETs instead of Schottky diodes ), so that the whole circuit efficiency by up to 90%.AC / DC conversionAC / DC conversion will transform AC to DC, the power flow can be bi-directional power flow by the power flow to load known as the "rectification", referred to as "active inverter power flow returned by the load power. AC / DC converter input 50/60Hz AC due must be rectified, filtered, so the volume is relatively large filter capacitor is essential, while experiencing safety standards (such as UL, CCEE, etc.) and EMC Directive restrictions (such as IEC, FCC, CSA) in the AC input side must be added to the EMC filter and use meets the safety standards of the components, thus limiting the miniaturization of the volume of AC / DC power, In addition, due to internal frequency, high voltage, current switching, making the problem difficult to solve EMC also high demands on the internal high-density mountingcircuit design, for the same reason, the high voltage, high current switch makes power supply loss increases, limiting the AC / DC converter modular process, and therefore must be used to power system optimal design method to make it work efficiency to reach a certain level of satisfaction.AC / DC conversion circuit wiring can be divided into half-wave circuit, full-wave circuit. Press the power phase can be divided into single-phase three-phase, multiphase. Can be divided into a quadrant, two quadrant, three quadrants, four-quadrant circuit work quadrant.he selection of the switching power supplySwitching power supply input on the anti-jamming performance, compared to its circuit structure characteristics (multi-level series), the input disturbances, such as surge voltage is difficult to pass on the stability of the output voltage of the technical indicators and linear power have greater advantages, the output voltage stability up to (0.5)%. Switching power supply module as an integrated power electronic devices should be selected。

嘉兴学院毕业设计

嘉兴学院毕业设计嘉兴学院毕业设计【篇一：嘉兴学院毕业设计】嘉兴学院毕业设计（论文）文献综述题目：嘉兴学院图书馆系统满意度调查研究与分析学院名称：机电工程学院专业班级：工业081 学生姓名：牛群前言：在高校图书馆的读者类型中，大学生是一种主要类型。

他们阅读范围广泛，对文献内容有着明确的要求，阅读层次和水平较高，同时也注重外来文化的吸收。

开展大学生对图书馆评价的研究，对于更好地改进文献收集与管理工作，进一步为大学生读者创造良好阅读环境和条件，使图书馆真正成为对大学生进行智力开发和人才培养的第二课堂都具有重要意义。

而读者满意度是读者在接受图书馆服务后产生的对其服务质量的一组评估数据，是读者对图书馆办馆理念、资源建设、服务行为、建筑和布局视觉满意度的一种评价指标体系。

通过各种有效的措施改进和协调自身的工作．增强读者对图书馆的满意度。

进而保持图书馆对读者的吸引力，是改进图书馆工作和提高服务水平的重要举措。

因此，在特定背景下对读者满意度进行调查，是衡量图书馆服务手段和管理模式发生变化后所产生效果的有效途径，也是确定图书馆服务工作未来发展方向和重心的决策依据。

1 国外高校图书馆的现状长期以来，人们将国内高校图书馆看做是“老弱病残的休养所，无需技术的借书处，人才竞争的避风港，以及现在的博士后(学校招来的博士家属)流动站”的角色。

由于历史原因、自身原因以及认识上的片面性，社会公众对其评价水准不高高校图书馆的现状主要表现在以下几个方面：1.1领导不重视对于图书馆这样的教辅单位，学校的财政拨款很有限，更不用提在图书馆员继续教育上的经费了。

工资、福利、待遇也比较低。

图书馆无人事安排权，学院、机关各部门富余人员以及引进人才的家属都会第一个想到安置在图书馆，这样图书馆是想要的人进不来、不想耍的也推不掉，多年以来已经形成恶性循环。

1.2知识结构不合理目前,高校图书馆员的知识结构比较单一，学历结构不完整，人员结构不合理,表现出“二低一高”，即计算机人才比例低．网情知识专业人员比例低。

毕业论文任务书、文献与开题报告

毕业论文（设计）任务书题目：嘉兴中小企业税收筹划相关问题研究一、主要任务与目标：（一）主要任务在南湖学院规定的毕业论文撰写期间内，根据师生共同商定的毕业论文选题《嘉兴中小企业税收筹划相关问题研究》，综合运用本科阶段所学财务管理专业知识和相关学科知识，撰写一篇具有一定的理论价值和应用价值、篇幅不少于8000字的毕业论文。

（二）目标论文的主要目标是要在对国内外税收筹划理论进行阐述的基础上，分析总结嘉兴市中小企业税收筹划的现状及存在的问题，进而提出解决存在问题的对策建议。

二、主要内容与基本要求：（一）主要内容本文属于将学到的税收筹划理论知识结合嘉兴中小企业税收筹划的应用型论文，对嘉兴中小企业正确进行税收筹划，促进嘉兴中小企业健康发展具有较大现实意义。

论文首先是要对国内外税收筹划的理论进行阐述，然后分析总结嘉兴中小企业税收筹划的现状及存在的问题，最后提出解决问题的相应对策建议。

具体研究内容主要集中在以下三个方面：（1）阐述税收筹划的理论；（2）分析总结嘉兴中小企业税收筹划的现状及存在的问题；（3）探讨嘉兴中小企业税收筹划存在问题的对策。

本文的重点是（1）分析总结嘉兴中小企业税收筹划过程中存在的普遍性问题；（2）针对嘉兴中小企业税收筹划过程中存在的问题提出相应的对策建议。

本文的难点和创新之处也主要在于此。

（二）基本要求1、严格按照毕业论文撰写进度和计划，完成文献资料的收集、开题报告的撰写、外文文献的收集和翻译和毕业论文的撰写等项工作。

2、开题报告应反映该课题的最新发展成果与研究动态，力求层次清晰、格式规范。

3、外文文献应与毕业论文密切相关，外文文献译文应忠实原文、语言流畅。

4、毕业论文应结构完整、观点鲜明、论证充分、思维严密、内容充实、格式规范，力求有所创新。

对国内外税收筹划的理论进行阐述时，一定要做到重点突出、有针对性；分析总结嘉兴中小企业税收筹划现状和存在的问题时，一定要结合嘉兴实际，要有一定的实证资料；在针对嘉兴中小企业税收筹划存在问题提出对策时，要注意对策的具体性、系统性、现实可行性及创新性。