计算机专业英语翻译
计算机专业英语翻译参考
1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together withpractical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction.计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础，以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术，如编程语言理论，计算复杂性理论，计算机图形学和人机交互。
2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware is the graphics card, which is the piece of equipment thatrenders out all images and sends them to a display. There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer.Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphics cards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡，是一件呈现出所有的图像，并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。
计算机专业英语及翻译Unit 10
Unit 10 Program DesignText 1 Computer LanguagesComputer languages have undergone dramatic evolution since the first electronic computers were built. Early on, programmers worked with the most primitive computer instructions—machine language. These instructions were represented by long strings of ones and zeroes. Soon, assembly language was invented. It maps machine instructions to human-readable mnemonics, such as ADD and MOV.In time, higher-level languages evolved, such as PASCAL, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, and JA V A. These languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences, such as Let I = 100. These instructions were translated back into machine language by interpreters and compilers. An interpreter translates a program as it reads it, turning the program instructions, or code, directly into actions. A compiler translates the code into an intermediary form. This step is called compiling, and produces an object file. The compiler then invokes a linker, which turns the object file into an executable program.Because interpreters read the code as it is written and execute the code on the spot, interpreters are easy for the programmer to work with. Compilers, however, introduce the extra steps of compiling and linking the code, which is inconvenient. Because the time-consuming task of translating the source code into machine language has already been accomplished, compilers produce a program that is very fast each time it is run.The problems programmers are asked to solve have been changing. Today's programs use sophisticated "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows, menus, and dialog boxes. The programs written to support this new approach are far more complex than those written just ten years ago. Generally, as programming requirements have changed, both languages and the techniques used for writing programs have evolved.参考译文计算机语言自从第一批电子计算机诞生以来，计算机语言已经发生了戏剧性的变化。
计算机专业英语
计算机基础知识computer n.电脑，电子计算机arithmetic logic unit算术逻辑部件manipulate vt.操纵，操作keyboard n.键盘information n.消息，知识printer n.打印机hand-hold a.使携，手拿的skitter n.磁盘calculator n.计算器statistical a统计的system n.系统，体系joystick n.游戏棒，操纵杆scientific a.科学的，系统的software n.软件electronic a.电子的category n.种类machinery a.机器，机关，simulate n.模拟，模仿equipment n.装备，设备handle vt.控制dull a.单调的，呆滞的interpret vt.解释network n.网络feedback n.反馈circuit n.电路，一圈，巡回instrument n.工具switch n.开关，电闸manufacture vt.制造level n.水平，标准CAD计算机辅助设计status n.状态engineer n.工程师binary a.二进位的draft n.草稿store vt.储存，储藏graphics n.图形process n.程序，过程video n.影像character n.字符robotic a./n机器人学sound n.声音automation n.自动化image n.影像，图像word processing字处理programme n.程序，计划text n.文衣logic inference逻辑推理communication n.通讯aid vt.帮助，援助electronic-mail电子邮件instruction n.指令teleconferencing电话会议convert vt.转变telccommunicating远程通讯originality n.创造力database n.数据库operate vt.操作，运转CAI计算机辅助教学ENIAC电子数值积分计算机transistor n.晶体管vacuum真空DOS磁盘操作系统resistor n.电阻器RAM随机存取存储器capacitor n.电容器mouse n.鼠标interference n.干预intense妙n.强烈，紧张technology n.技术floppy a.松软的internal a.内部的fix a.牢固的symbolic n.代号write-protect写保护language n.语言drive n.驱动器span vt.跨越mechanics n.机械学reliable a.可靠的access vt.访问efficient a一有效率的byte n.比特magnetic a.一有磁性的、mega n.兆Auxiliary a./n.附加的，辅助物decimal n.十进制media n.媒体octal n.八进制storage n.存储器headecimal n.十六进制punched card tape n.磁带weight n.权memory n.记忆，存储code n.代码silicon n.硅，硅元素ASCII美国信息交换标准代chip n.芯片extended a.扩充的，长期的terminal n.终端机，终点，总站voltage n.伏特，device n.设备integer n.整数innovation n.改革，创新negative a.负的external a.外部的absence a.缺席feature n.特征convenience n.便利component n.元件，组件waveform n.波形combination n.联合，合并zone n.区microprocessor n.微处理器vendor n.厂商，自动售货机packed a.包装的implement n.工具，器具package n.包裹，套装软件quantity n.数量digital a.数字的rigid n.硬的analog a.模拟的fragile a.易脆的hybrid a.混合的susceptible a.易受影响的discrete a.离散的medium n.媒体Vital a.重要的，关键的shutter n.快门monitor n.显示器general-purpose通用overwhelm v.制服theory proving定理证明application n.应用information retrieval 信息检索wire n.电线，电报persona computer个人计算机model n.模型time-consuming a.费时的Versatility n.多种变化，变通routine task日常工作lump vt.使成块logical decision逻辑判断hardware n.硬件programmable a.可编程的stream n.流rewire vt.重新接线resource n.资源generation n.代desktop n.桌面unreliable a.不可靠的cabinet n.文件柜auxiliary storge 辅助存储器supercomputer n.超级计算机minicomputer n.小型计算机I/0 device输入／输出设备system unit系统部件cell n.单元floppy disk软盘consecutively a.连续的，连贯的fix disk硬盘CPU中央处理器transmission n.传送，传输程序设计Program Design程序设计creep vi.爬，潜行writing program编写程序standardize vt.使标准化coding the program编程simplify vt.单一化，简单化programming程序revision n.校订，修正programmer n.程序员occupy vt.占领，住进logic n.逻辑，逻辑学BASIC初学者通用符号指令代码machine code机器代码teaching language教学语言debug n.DOS命令，调试simplicity n.单纯，简朴compactness a.紧凑的，紧密的timesharing system分时系统description n.描述，说明interactive language交互式语言break n.中断manufacturer n.制造业者structure chart结构图dialect n.方言，语调the program flow程序流expense n.费用，代价manager module管理模块uniformity n.同样，划一worder module工作模块archaic a.己废的，古老的mainmodule主模块sufficient a.充分的，足够的submodule子模块data processing数据处理modify v.修正，修改business application商业应用outline n.轮廓，概要scientific application科学应用compose分解lexical a.字典的，词汇的code 代码non-programmer n.非编程人员node vt改为密码notation n.记号法，表示法，注释pseudocode n.伪代码verbosity n.唠叨，冗长commas n.逗点逗号record n.记录documentation文档subrecord n.子记录flowchart/flow程表／流程data division数据部visual a.视觉的procedure division过程部represent vt.表现，表示，代表comprise vt.包含构成structured techniques结构化技术operator n.运算符，算子straightforward a.笔直的，率直的commercial package商业软件包subroutine n.子程序generator n.产生器，生产者driver module驱动模块mathematician n.专家line by line逐行operator n.作符translate vt.翻译，解释forerunner n.先驱modular摸块化ancestor n.祖宗cumbersome a.讨厌的，麻烦的teaching programming编程教学lengthy a.冗长的，漫长的alter vi./vt.改变flaw n.缺点裂纹devclop vt.发达separate a.各别的recompile v.编译assist n.帮助cycle n.循环technician n.技师remove vt.移动，除去straight line直线category n.种类，类项rectangle n.长方形,矩形P-code p代码virtrally ad.事实上symology n.象征学象征的使用register n.寄存器to summaries总之，总而言之by convention按照惯例cyptic n.含义模糊的，隐藏的diamond-shaped a,菱形的bracket n.括号decision n判断obviate除去，排除terminal n. a终端机，终端的keyword n.关键字card reader阅读器underline vt.下划线translator program译程序monadic a. monad(单位)的Programming程序设计dec/binary n.二进制source language源语shift变化，转移，移位machine language机器overflow n.溢出machine instruction机器指令arithmetic n.算术，算法computer language计算机语composite symbol复合型符号．assembly language汇编语assignment n.赋值floating point number浮点数proliferation n.增服high-level language高级语pointer n.指针natural language自然语言array n.数组矩阵，source text源文本subscript n.下标intermediate language中间语言type conversion类型转换software development软件开发address arithmetic地址运算map vt.映射，计划denote vt.指示，表示maintenance cost维护费用subprogram n.子程序legibility n.易读性，易识别separate compilation分离式编泽amend vt.修正，改善alphabetic a.照字母次序的consumer n.消费者digit n.数字位数enormous a.巨大的，庞大的numeric expression数值表达式reliability n.可信赖性，可信度tap n.轻打，轻敲，选择safety n.安全，安全设备print zone打印区property n.财产，所有权column n.列correctness n.正确，functionality n.机能semicolon n.分号portable a.叮携带的，可搬运的survey n.概观．altoggle n.肘节开关task n.作，任务declaration n.宣告说明source program源程序mufti-dimension array多维数组object program目标程序数据库transaction n.交易，办理，执行query n.查询license n.执照，许可证，特许subschemas n.子模式criminal a.犯了罪的，有罪的individual n.个体，个人conviction n.定罪，信服，坚信employee n.职员，受雇人员bureaus n.局，办公处integrity n.完整，正直insurance n.保险，保险业，保险费duplicate a.复制的，二重的retrieval n.取回，恢复，修补interactive n.交谈式security n.安全，安全性audit n.查帐，稽核integrity n.完整，正直，廉正trail n.痕迹，踪迹consume Vt.消耗multiuse n.多用户manually ad.用手full-fledged a.喂养tedious a.沉闷的，冗长乏味的compound document复合文件DBMS数据库管理系统recognizant a.认识的，意识的consensus n一致，交感user manual用户手册semantics n.语义学bug n.缺陷，错误impediment n.妨碍，阻碍，阻止encrypt v.加密，译成密码intuitively a直觉的malicious a.环恶意的，恶毒的module n.模块，组件bottleneck n,瓶颈schema n.轮廓，概要，图解mainstream n主流proposal n建议spatial a.空间的，空间性的tailor Vi.定制，制作，缝制relevant a.有关联的，中肯的plausible a.似真实的，似合理的urgency n.紧急，催促virtually ad.事实上optimization n.最佳化impracticably ad.不能实validation n.确认flaw n.缺点，裂纹，瑕疵typically a.典型的，象征性的assumption n.假定，视为当然之事index n.索引Yi.做索引duration n.持续时间，为期component n.组件，成分intolerably ad.难耐的程度temporal n.当时的，现世的abort vi.流产，失败semantics n.语义学rigorous a.严厉的，严酷的，苛刻的interval n．时间间隔criterion n.标准，准据，轨范catalogue n.目录V.编入目录consistency n.一致性，坚固性，浓度cabinet n.橱柜，内阁adopt Vt.采用，收养illustration n.例证，插图serialization n.连载长篇efficient a有效率的，能干的log n.日志，记录clerical a.事务上的，抄写员的focus n.焦点，焦距access n.进入．进入twin n.双胞胎中人warehouse n.大商店．仓库protocol n.协议wholesale n.批发conflict n神突，矛盾chore n.零工，家务negotiate vi.商议，谈判，谈妥mode n.模式，模态drag vi.拖拉，拖累long-duration长期architects n.建筑师short-duration短期partition n.分割，隔离物ascend V.上升，追溯，登高．inherent a.固有的，与生俱来的descend vi.下降，传下necessitate Vt.迫使，使成为必需dimensional a.空间的versa a.反physical organization物理组织operator n.操作员硬件基础microelectronics n.微电子学adaptively a.适合的，适应的actuator n.主动器compensate偿还，补偿integrated a.集成的parasitic a.寄生的arithmetic n.算术,算法wobble n.摆动，不稳定crossroads n.交又路focal a.焦点的，在焦点上的ROM n.只读存储器eliminate Vt.排除，除去RAM n.随机存取存储器cornstalk n.串音permanently ad.永久的，不变的affinity n.密切关系，强烈的吸引Volatile a.可变的，不稳定的stem n．柄，堵塞物notepad n.记事本introspection n.内省，反省microprocessor n.微处理器mechanism n.机械，机理gateway n.门，通路portability n.一携带，轻便coprocessor n.协处理器configuration n.配置floating-point浮点flexibility n.适应性，弹性upgrade V.使升级algorithms n.运算法则optional a.选择的，随意的channel n．通道，频道bi-directional a.双向性keystroke n.键击simultaneous a.同时发生的typematic a.重复击键的cache n.高速缓冲存储器comprise Vi.包含，构成percentage n.百分比,部分precommendation n.预补偿controller n.控制器track n.磁轨intercept n.截取，妨碍boot v.启动significantly ad.重要地，有效地benchmark n.基准，评效migration n.移往，移动merit n.优点，价值compact a.紧凑的，紧密的restriction n.限制，限定，约束digitally n.数位intrinsic a.本质的，原有的dip n.双排直插封装Boolean n.布尔逻辑，布尔值distortion n.扭曲，变形imperative a.命令式的playback n.重现，录音再生nontrivial a.不平常的robustness a.健康的，强健的circumvent v.绕行，陷害reliability n.可靠性，可信赖性decentralize vt.使分散，排除集中resolvability n.可移动性intelligent a.智能的，聪明的counterpart n.副本，配对物automatically a.自动地，机械地archival a.关于档案的innovation n.改革，创新magneto n.磁发电机synonym n.同义字cylinder n.柱面prototype n.原型photodetector n.光感测器paradigm n.范例，模范predefined n.预先确定microchip n.微处理器split a.分散的core n.争论的核心tradeoff n.交换，协定extended memory扩充内存bootdevice引导设备picture processing图像处理reside vi.住，居留，属于sensor n.传感器optical disk光盘WS1晶片规模集成laser n.激光VLSI超大规模集成storage densities存储密度hiss n.嘶嘶声modulate vi.调整，调制unveil vt.揭开,揭幕multiassociative processing多关联处理技术workload n.工作负荷操作系统与DOS指令storage space存储空间Timer n.计时器subdirectory n.子目录Available a.可用的structure n.结构characteristic n.特征,特性hierarchical a.分层的Sophistication n.复杂性issue vt.发行，放出Standard n.标准backslash n.反斜杠Online n.联机the root directory根目录Job Management 作业管理perform vt.执行Sequence n.次序conjunction n.联合Assess vt.评估procedure n.过程Resource Management资源管理tree n.目录树Oversee vt.监督term n.术语Control of I/0 Operation I/0 操作控制startup vi.启动Allocation n. 分配TSRs内存驻留程序Undergo vt.经历，经受locate vt.定位Error Recovery错误恢复sector n.扇区Memory Management存储器管理partition n.分区interface n.界面booting n.自举streamlined a.流线型的cluster n.簇unleash vt.释放CMOS互补金属氧化物体unhamperer vt.解脱emergency disk应急磁盘spreadsheet n.电子表格partition table分区表Accessory n.附件FAT文件分配表Notepad n.记事薄GUI图形用户接口Macro Recorder n.宏记录器command line命令行Write n.书写器icon n.图标Paint-brush n.画笔manual n.手册modem n.调制解调器dialog boxes对话框Solitaire n.接龙mechanism n.机构，机械，结丰Reverse n.挖地雷clipboard n.剪贴板module n.模块DDE动态数据交换acronym n.缩写字clumsy a.笨拙的version n.版本hot linked映射的update vt.洲一级，更新real-mode n.实模式internal command 内部命令standard mode标准模式external command外部命令directory n.目录Pentium n.俗称586，奔腾芯片sign-on a.提示framework n.框架，结构extension name扩展名precedence n.优先document n.文档uppercase letter大写字母workspace n.工作lowercase letter小写字母File Manager文件管理volume label卷标menu n.菜单prompt n.提示符Program Manager程序管理器default n.缺省值，默认值folder n.卷宗symbol n.符号divider n.分配者cursor n.光标subdivide n.子分配者built-in a.内置的tutorial n.教程。
计算机专业英语翻译题
Text Aputer is an electronic equipment which can make arithmetic and logical calculation process information rapidly and automatically.计算机是一种能够高速、自动地进行算术和逻辑运算及信息处理的电子设备。
3.The purpose of inventing and developing computer is to make arithmetic calculations rapidly accurately.发明和开发计算机的目的是使算术运算快速准确。
4.Production management ,data counting,office automation,traffic dispatching,information retrieval all belong to this field.生产管理，数据统计，办公自动化，通信调度，信息检索都属于这一领域。
5.Real-time means that the time of computer’s calculating and controlling may match the time of controlled object’s practical running or working. 实时意味着计算机的计算和控制的时间符合受控对象的实际运行或工作的时间。
Text B1.Perhaps the most significant date in the history of computers is the year 1936.it was in this year that the first “computer”was developed。
It was created by Konrad Zuse and dubbed the ZI Computer.也许在计算机历史上最显著日期是今年1936.它是在今年的第一个“电脑”被开发，它由康拉德·楚泽创建，并冠以ZI计算机。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 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Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中*史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 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Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation 机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology 地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering 纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control 交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science。
计算机专业英语名词翻译
第一章（计算机系统概论）digital computer 数字计算机decimal digits 十进制数字binary 二进制bit 位ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码computer system 计算机系统hardware system 硬件系统software system 软件系统I/O devices 输入输出设备central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器application software 应用软件video game 计算机游戏system software 系统软件register 寄存器floating point data浮点数据Boolean布尔值character data字符数据EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码punched cards穿孔卡片magnetic tape磁带main memory主存vacuum tubes电子管magnetic drum磁鼓transistors晶体管solid-state devices固体器件magnetic cores磁芯integrated circuit（IC）集成电路silicon chip硅芯片multiprogramming多道程序设计timessharing分时分时技术minicomputers小型计算机mainframe大型计算机large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理eletronic spreedsheets电子表格database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机storage capacities存储容量stand-alone computer独立计算机local area network(LAN)局域网peripheral devices外部设备assembly line流水线supercomputer巨型计算机第二章（计算机系统结构）memmory subsystem存储子系统I/O subsystem输入输出子系统bus总线system bus系统总线chip 芯片address bus地址总线instructions指令memory location存储单元data bus数据总线control bus控制总线local bus 局部总线microprocessor微处理器register set寄存器组arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器clock cycle时钟周期control unit控制器computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式addressing modes寻址方式introduction set指令集internal memory内存main memory主存Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器vitual memory虚拟存储器Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器refresh circuitry刷新电路Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAMcache memory高速缓冲存储器masked ROM掩膜ROMPROM可编程RAMEPROM可擦写PROMultraviolet light紫外线EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROMbasic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器memory hierarchy 存储器体系结构auxiliary memory 辅助存储器storage memory 存储容量keyboard 键盘alphanumeric key字母数字键function key 功能键cursor key 光标键numeric keypad 数字键mouse 鼠标touch screen触屏infrared ray红外线monitor 监视器display screen显示屏laser printer激光打印机ink-jet printer喷墨打印机dot-matrix printer点针式打印机modem调制解调器input-output interface(I/O interface)输入输出接口peripheral外部设备，外设interrupt中断program counter程序计数器vectored interrupt向量中断nonvectored interrupt非向量中断interrupt vector中断向量Direct Memory Acess(DMA)直接存储器存取timeout超时第三单元（计算机体系结构）parallel processing 并行操作serial operations 串行操作instructions stream 指令流data dream 数据流SISD 单指令单数据流SIMD 单指令多数据流MISD 多指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流pipeline processing 流水线处理combinational circuit 组合电路multiplier 乘法器adder 加法器clock pulse 时钟脉冲vector processing 向量处理one-dimensional array 一维数组scalar processer 标量处理器vector instructions 向量指令CISC 复杂指令集计算机decoder 译码器RISC 精简指令集计算机backward compatibility 向下兼容第四单元（算法与数据结构）algorithm 算法parallel algotithm 并行算法primitive 原语syntax 语法semantics 语义pseudocode 伪码exhaustive search 穷举搜索divide-and-conquer algorithm 分治算法dynamic programming 动态规划bottom-up 自上而下top-down 自下而上array 数组one-dimensional array 一维数组pointer 指针program counter 程序计数器instruction pointer 指令指针list 列表linked list 链表singly-linked list 单向链表double-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表FIFO 先进先出LIFO 后进先出stack 栈push 压栈pop 出栈stack pointer 栈指针queue 队列tree 树root 根level 层次degree of a node 结点的度depth of a tree树的深度binary tree 二叉树traversal 遍历M-way search tree M向搜索树第五章（编程语言）Program 程序Program language 程序设计语言Software engineering 软件工程Pseudocode 伪码Flowchart 流程图Coding 编码Program testing 程序测试Desk-checking 手工检查Documentation 文档User documentation 用户文档Operator documentation 操作员文档Programmer documentation 程序员文档Machine language 机器语言Assembly languages 汇编语言High-level languages 高级语言RAD(rapid application development) 快速应用开发Natural language 自然语言Artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能Compile 编译Assemble 汇编Source code 源代码Object code 目标代码Linker 连接器Executable file 可执行文件Object-oriented programming 面向对象的程序设计Object 对象Class 类ADT（abstract data type）抽象数据类型Member variable 成员变量Class variable 类变量Member function 成员函数Inheritance 继承Derived class 派生类Overload 超载Message 消息Static binding 静态绑定Dynamic binding 动态绑定Polymorphism 多态性Visual programming 可视化编程Markup language 标记语言HTML（hyper text markup language）超文本标记语言Hyperlink 超链接XML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Java virtual machine java虚拟机第六章（操作系统）Application software 应用软件System software 系统软件Utility software 实用软件Operating system（OS）操作系统Shell 操作系统的外壳程序Graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Kernel 内核Serial processing 串行处理Job 作业Batch processing 批处理Simple batch systems 简单批处理系统Multiprogrammed batch systems 多道程序批处理系统Monitor 监控程序Scheduler 调度程序Multiprogramming 多道程序Multitasking 多任务Time-sharing systems 分时系统Uniprogramming 单道进程Process 进程Process management 进程管理Process control block 进程控制块Mutual exclusion 互斥Multiprocessing 多处理，多进程Distributed processing 分布式管理Concurrent processes 并发处理Deadlock 死锁Synchronize process同步处理Semaphore 信号量Reusable resource 可复用性资源I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区I/O channel 输入/输出通道Deadlock prevention 死锁预防Deadlock detection 死锁检测Deadlock avoidance 死锁避免Virtual memory 虚拟内存Logical reference 逻辑引用Real addresse 实地址Paging 分页Segmentation 分段Virtual address 虚拟地址Physical addresses 物理地址Real-time process 实时处理File management 文件管理Plug and play(PnP) 即插即用第七单元(应用软件)application software 应用软件word processing 字处理软件spreadsheet 电子表格personal finance 个人理财presentation graphic 演示图形database manager 数据库管理软件groupware 群件desktop accessory 桌面辅助工具browsers 浏览区desktop publishing 桌面印刷project management 项目管理CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造multimedia authoring 多媒体发布animation 动画MIDI 乐器数字化接口speech synthesis 语音合成insertion point 插入点scroll bar 滚动条window 窗口menu bar 菜单栏pull-down menu 下拉式菜单Button 按钮toolbar 工具条dialog box 对话框default value 缺省值（默认值）macro 宏OLE 对象链接和嵌入clipboard 剪切板column 列row 行cell 单元格cell address 单元格地址cell pointer 单元格指针formula 公式function 函数bar chart 柱形图line chart 线图pie chart 圆饼图workflow software 工作流软件PIM 个人信息管理软件Web browser 浏览器World Wide Web 万维网home page 主页第八单元（数据库）DBMS 数据库管理系统instance 实例schema 模式physical schema 物理模式存储模式内模式logical schema 逻辑模式概念模式模式subschema 子模式外模式data independence 数据独立性physical data independence 物理数据独立性logical data independence 逻辑数据独立性data model 数据模型entity-relationship model 实体联系模型object-oriented model 面向对象模型semantic data model 语义数据类型functional data model 功能数据模型entity 实体entity set 实体集mapping cardinality 映射基数abstract data type 抽象数据类型attribute 属性relation 关系tuple 元组primary key 主键super key 超健candidate key 候选键foreign key 外键DDL 数据定义语言data dictionary 数据字典DML 数据操纵语言procedure DML 过程化DML nonprocedure DML 非过程化DMLSQL 结构化查询语言view 视图the relational algebra 关系代数the tuple relational calculus 元组关系演算atomicity 原子性consistency 一致性duration 持久性transaction 事物DBA 数据库管理员。
计算机专业词汇英语翻译
Guest editora vehicle of 一种手段productivity生产力perceive 感知empirical means：经验方法the prolonged exponential growth：长期的指数增长Fidelity：保真度energy harvesting：能源获取Ubiquitous computing：普适计算Photosynthesis ：光合作用incident light 入射光coated 覆盖的humidity 湿度moisture gradients：湿气梯度semiconductor fabrication：半导体制造Acoustic：声学的Miniaturization:小型化Photons：光子，量子Concentrations：浓度Tailored：定制的Spectrum：光谱sophisticated heterogeneous systems：复杂的异构系统Fusion：融合=aggregationQualitative 定性的Diffusion：扩散duty-cycle：占空比spatial dimension：空间范围Dissemination：散播Pervasive：普遍的Trajectory：轨道Ambient：周围的②leachMicrosensors：微传感器Cluster: 名词：簇动词：分簇Cluster head：簇头Hierarchy 分层Application-Specific 应用相关的In terms of 按照Aggregate聚合Diffusion：传播Dissipated：耗散Timeline 时间轴Backs off：后退Dissipation：耗散spread-spectrum：扩频intra-cluster：簇内Outperform：胜过③pegasisHomogeneous:同质的fusion ：融合aggregationFuse：v. 融合Humidity：湿度Beacon：信标timestamp 时间戳in terms of ：就...而言greedy approach：贪婪算法truncated chain：截断链Critical：关键的propagation delays：传播延迟Dissipate：v.发散SNR：信噪比Joules：焦耳The upper bound：上限tier：等级token ：令牌，象征Dense：密集的Sparse：稀疏的Heuristic：启发式Outperforms：胜过Preliminary：初步的Exponential：指数的traveling salesman problem 旅行商问题tradeoff 代价④z-macLatency：时间延迟Robust：鲁棒性slot assignment：时隙分配multiple access control：多址接入控制Aggregate：聚合duty cycle：占空比the overhead of：开销Vendors：厂商surface-mount：表面贴装hand-soldering：手工焊接Predetermined：预定的Stochastic：随机的Explicit Contention Notification:明确竞争通知Unicast：单播Congestion：拥塞Benchmark：基准Preamble：头部⑤A building。
计算机专业英语课文翻译
第4章操作系统第一部分阅读和翻译A部分 Windows 71. 简介Windows 7是微软最新发布的windows版本,这一系列微软制造的操作系统主要用于个人电脑,其中包括家庭和商业台式电脑、笔记本电脑、上网本、平板电脑、和媒体中心电脑。
(见图4.1)Windows 7于2009年7月22日开始生产,并在2009年10月22日零售,这个时间距其推出其前任Windows Vista不到三年时间。
与Windows 7相对应的Windows server 2008 R2,也是同年发布。
不像其前一操作系统vista，windows7 引入了大量的新特性，更集中于增量升级的windows线，目标是兼容已经在vista中兼容的应用程序和硬件。
微软在2008年的报告中关注于对于多点触控的支持，以及一个重新设计的windows shell和一个新的任务栏，并将其称之为Superbar，还有一个称之为家庭组的网络系统，注重性能改进。
之前版本的windows 系统中的一些标准的应用程序，包括windows日历，windows邮件，windows movie maker，和windows相片画廊在windows 7中并没有包含进来，而大多数是作为Windows Live Essentials套件单独免费进行提供的。
2. 发展最初，微软计划用一个代号为Blackcomb的windows版本来继承Windows XP(代号惠斯勒)和Windows Server 2003。
微软计划在Blackcomb中设计的主要功能包括在搜索中的加强，查询数据以及一个先进的存储命名系统。
然而，一个临时的，更小的，代号为Longhorn 的版本在2003年发布了。
微软在2003年中旬推迟发布了Blackcomb，但是Longhorn获得了大部分当初试图在Blackcomb中实现的特性。
在2003年，相继有三个主要病毒暴露了windows操作系统的一些漏洞，微软改变了其的发展重点，搁置了Longhorn的主要开发工作，主要开发windows xp和windows server 2003的服务包。
电脑与信息技术英语翻译常用专业词汇
电脑与信息技术英语翻译常用专业词汇AAAIMS（An Analytical Information Management System）分析信息管理系统Abacus 算盘Access security 存取安全Access time 存取时间Active 有源的Ada programming language Ada 程序设计语言Adapter 适配器Adapter card 转接卡Add-on 外接式附件Address 地址ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) 非对称数字客户线路After-image record 残留影像记录Algorithm 算法Alpha testing ɑ测试3Alteration switch 变换开关ALU(Arithmetic/Logic Unit)运算器Amplitude 幅度Analog data 模拟数据Analog cellular 模拟移动电话Analog signal 模拟信号Analysis block 分析块Animation 动画制作ANSL(American National Standards Label)美国国家标准标号Answerback memory 应答存储器Anti-noise coding 反噪声编码Antivirus software 反病毒软件APL(A Programming Language) APL 语言Application development cycle 应用开发周期Application program 应用程序4Application software 应用软件Arithmetic operation 算术运算ARP(Automatic Receive Program)自动同意程序Artificial network 仿真网络ASCII(American standard Code for Information Interchange)美国信息交换用标准代码Assembler 汇编程序Assembly language 汇编语言Asynchronous 异步的Asynchronous transmission 异步传输ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 异步传输模式ATM(Automated Teller Machine)自动出纳机Attribute 属性Auctions on the web 网上拍卖Audio board 声板5Audio file 声音文件Audio input device 声音输入装置Audio-player 播放Audit program 审查程序Auditing system 审查系统Authoring system 写作系统6BBackbone system 主干系统Backup file 备份文件Backward compatibility 反向兼容性Backward recovery 向后恢复Band printer 带式打印机Bandwidth 带宽Bandwidth limitation 带宽限制Bar code 条形码Bar-code reader 条形码读出器Basic exchange format 基本交换格式BASIC programming language BASIC 程序设计语言Batch processing 批处理Beeper 传呼机7Be ta testing β测试Binary digit 二进制数字Binary file 二进制文件Binary number system 二进制数字系统Binary system 二进制BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)基本输入/输出系统Bit 量，位Bit(binary digit)位，二进制位，比特Bit-mapped display screen 位映像显示器Block check 块检验Blocking software 封锁软件Bookmark 书签Bootleg version 盗版BPS(Business Professional System) 商业专用系统Bridge 网桥8Broadcast image 广播图象Browser 浏览程序Building blocks 组件Built-in function 内部功能Bus 总线Bus network 总线网络Bus slot 总线槽Business terminal equipment 商务终端设备Button 按扭Byte 字节，位组9CC programming language C 程序设计语言C++ programming language C++程序设计语言Cable length 电缆长度Cable modem 电缆调制解调器Cache memory 超高速缓冲存储器CAD(Computer-Aided Design) 计算机辅助设计CADD(Compute-Aided Design and Drafting) 计算机辅助设计与制图Call-back system 回叫系统CAM(Computer-Aided Manufacturing) 计算机辅助生产Capacity 容量Carrier wave 载波Cartridge tape 盒式磁带CASE(Computer-Aided Software Engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程10CBT(Computer-Based Training) 利用计算机的训练CCD（Charge Coupled Device）电荷藕合器件CD writer 刻录机CDC(Code-Directing Character) 代码引导字符CDP(Certified Data Processor)合格数据处理程序Cell 单元，细胞，信元Cell address 单元地址Cell pointer 单元指示器CEO(Chip Enable Output) 芯片启动输出CERT(Character Error Rate Tester) 字符出错率测试程序Chain printer 链式打印机Channel command 通道命令Character 字符Character-recognition 字符识别Chat room 聊天室11Check bit 校验位，检验位Child record 子记录Chip 芯片，晶片Circuit switching 电路转接，线路交换CIS(Communication Information System) 通信信息（情报）系统Clear entry 消除输入Click 点击Client 客户，委托程序，委托进程，客户机Client-server 客户服务器Clipboard 剪贴板Clouds 云Cluster 簇，束，线束，群集Coaxial tree network 同轴树状网络COBOL programming language COBOL 程序设计语言Coding 编码，编程序12Collision 冲突Color display screen 彩色显示屏Communication 通信Communication parties 传输单元Communications channel 通信信道Communications controller 通信操纵器Communications hardware 通信硬件Communications network 通信网络Communications satellites 通信卫星Communications server 通信服务器Communications service 通信业务Communications software 通信软件Communications technology 通信技术Compatibility 兼容性，一致性，互换性Compiler 编译程序13Component 分量，成分，元件，组件，部件Compression 压缩Computer 计算机Computer-based information system 计算机信息系统Computer crime 计算机犯罪Computer industry 计算机行业Computer literacy 计算机扫盲Computer online service 计算机联机服务Computer professional 计算机专业人员Computer programmer 计算机程序设计员Concentration 集中Concentrator 集中器，集线器Concurrent-use license 并行使用许可证Connection 连接Connectivity 连通性，连接性14Connectivity diagram 连通图表Contact 接触点Control structure 操纵结构Control unit 操纵器，操纵部件Controller card 操纵器插件Coprocessor 协同处理程序，协同处理机Copy command 复制命令Copyright 版权Copyright protection 版权保护Counterfeit software 盗版软件Courseware 课件CPU(Central Processing Unit) 中央处理机Cracker 黑客CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) 阴极射线管CTS(Clear To Send) 清除发送15Cursor 光标Cursor-movement key 光标移动键Custom software 客户软件Cut command 剪切命令Cyberculture 计算机文化，操纵论优化Cybernation 计算机操纵化16DDaisy chain 菊链DAT(Data Acquisition Test) 数据采集测试Data access method 数据存取法Data acquisition 数据采集Data compression 数据压缩Data dictionary 数据字典Data file 数据文件Data flow diagram 数据流程图Data integrity 数据完整性Data manipulation language 数据操纵语言Data mining 数据开采Data recovery 数据恢复Data redundancy 数据冗余Data storage hierarchy 数据存储层次17Data transmission 数据传输Data transmission factor 数据传输系数Data warehouse 数据仓库Database 数据库Database server 数据库服务器Database software 数据库软件DBA(Data Base Administrator) 数据库管理程序DBMS(Data Base Management System) 数据库管理系统Debugging 调试Decision making system 判定系统，决策系统Decision table 判定表Dedicated computer 专用计算机Default value 缺省值，系统设定值Delete 删除Democratic network 共同操纵网络18Design 设计Desk checking 桌面检验Desktop accessory 桌面附件Desktop publication system 桌面出版系统Developing information system 信息开发系统Dialog box 对话框Dial-up connection 拨号上网Dial-up Internet communication 拨号网间通信Digital 数码的Digital camera 数码照相机Digital cellular phone 数字移动电话Digital signal 数字信号Digital signal processor 数字信号处理器Digital signature 数字签名Digitized speech 数字化语音19DIMS(Data Information and Manufacturing system) 数据信息与制造系统Direct access storage 直接存取存储器，直接访问存储器Direct file organization 直接文件组织Direct implementation 直接实现Direct synchronous multiplexing 直接同步复用Directory 目录，号码表Disk 磁盘Disk drive 磁盘驱动器Diskette 软磁盘，软盘Display 显示Display screen 显示屏幕Disrupt 使混乱，破坏，分裂，瓦解Distance learning 远程学习Distributed database 分布式数据库Disturbance 干扰20DM(Data Memory) 数据存储器DNS(Domain Naming System) 域命名系统Document 文件，资料，文献，文卷Document file 资料文件Documentation 文件编制，资料，文档DOS(Disk Operating System) 磁盘操作系统Dot 点Dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机Download 下载Downsizing 规模缩小化Downward compatibility 向下兼容性Draft-quality 粗劣的印刷质量，草稿字体印刷质量DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory) 动态随机存取存储器Drawing program 绘图程序Driver 驱动器21Drum printer 鼓式打印机Drum scanner 鼓形扫描器DSS(Decision Support System) 决策支援系统DTP(Data Transmission Protocol) 数据传送协议Dumb terminal 哑终端，简易终端DVP(Data Validation Program) 数据验证程序Dynamic linking 动态链接22EEBCDIC(Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange) 扩充的二-十进制交换码E-cash 电子货币E-commerce 电子商务EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) 电子数据交换EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory) 电可擦只读存储器EIC(External Interface Control) 外部借口操纵EIS(External Interrupt Support) 外部中断支援Electroluminescent display 电致发光显示屏Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱Electronic conference 电子会议Electronic image 电子图象Electronic network 电子网络23Electronic secretary 电子秘书Electronic ticketing machine 电子售票机Electronic tutor 电子教学装置Electrostatic plotter 静电绘图机Elementary field 基本字段ELF(Extensible Language Facility) 可扩充的语言功能E-mail 电子邮件Embedded computer 嵌入式计算机Emulation 仿真，仿效Encapsulation 封闭，封装，密封Encryption 加密，编密码End-to-end delay 端到端的时延End-to-end digital connectivity 端到端的数字连接End-user 终端用户ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) 电子数字积分24器与计算器Enter key 输入键EPL(Encoder Programming Language) 编码器程序设计语言EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) 可擦可编程只读存储器EPSS(Error Processing Sub-system) 错误处理子系统Ergonomics 人类工程学Error correction 纠错法ESS(Electronic Switching System) 电子交换系统Evaluation system 评价系统Even parity 偶数奇偶校验Exchange service 交换业务Executable 可执行文件Execution cycle 执行周期Execution program 执行程序Expansion bus 扩展总线25Expansion card 扩充插件卡Expansion slot 扩展槽Expert system 专家系统External hard disk drive 外部硬盘驱动器External modem 外部调制解调器26FFAT(File Allocation Table) 文件分配表Fault freedom 容错性能Fault tolerant system 容错系统Fax 传真Fax machine 传真机FCB(File Control Block) 文件操纵块Feasibility study 可行性研究，可能性研究FEC(Forward Error Correction) 向前纠错Fiber-optic cable 光缆Field 字段，场，域Field protect 字段保护Fifth-generation programming language 第五代程序设计语言File 文件27File extension 文件扩充File management system 文件管理系统File name 文件名File server 文件服务程序File virus 文件病毒Filter 过滤，滤波Financial planning system 财务规划系统Find command 查找命令Finder 寻找程序，定位程序，录像器Fingerprint security system 指纹安全系统Firewall 防火墙Firmware 固件Fixed disk drive 固定磁盘驱动器Flatbed plotter 平板绘图仪Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪28Flat-panel display 平面显示器Flat-panel technique 平面技术Flexible telecommunication networking 灵活的通信联网Floppy disk 软磁盘FLOPS(Floating-point Operations Per Second) 每秒浮点运算次数Flowchart 流程图Font 字型，字体Format selection 格式选择Formatting 格式化，格式编排Formula 公式FORTH programming language FORTH 程序设计语言Forward recovery 正向恢复Fourth-generation programming language 第四代程序设计语言Fragmenting 分割29Frame grabber 帧同意器，帧捕获器Free ware 免费软件Frequency 频率Front-end processor 前端处理机FTP(File Transfer Protocol)文件传送协议Full-duplex 全双工Function 功能，函数，作用Function key 功能键Fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑30GGame port 博弈端口Garbage 无用信息Gateway 关口，网间连接GDS(Group Display System) 群显示系统Genealogy 家谱学，系统GES(General Edit System) 通用逻辑系统GIS(Geographic Information System) 几何图形信息系统Global communication 全球通信GPS(Global Positioning System) 全球定位系统Grammar checker 语法检验程序Graphics 图形学，制图技术Graphics accelerator 图形加速器Graphics coprocessor 图形协同处理程序31Grid 网格，坐标网络Gross index 粗索引Groupware 群件GUI(Graphical User Interface) 图形用户接口32HHacker 黑客Half-duplex transmission 半双工传输Handheld scanner 手持式扫描仪Handshaking 信号交换，接续Hard disk 硬磁盘Hard return 硬回车Hard-copy terminal 硬拷贝终端Hardware 硬件Hardware compatibility 硬件兼容性HDTV(High Definition Television) 高分辨率电视Help menu 求助菜单，求助项目单Head-mounted display 头盔式显示器Hidden computer 隐式计算机33Hierarchical database 分级数据库Hierarchy 分级，分层，层次Hierarchy chart 分级图表High resolution 高分辨率High-level programming language 高级程序设计语言Hold 握住Home directory 主目录Home network 本地网络Home record 引导记录，起始记录Host 主机Host adaptation 主机习惯性Host computer 主计算机Host operating system 主操作系统Host-to-host 主机到主机HTML(Hyper text Markup Language) 超文本标记语言34Hybrid network 混合式网络Hyperlink 超级链接Hypertext 超文本35IIcon 图符Identification system 识别系统Image file 映像文件Imaging system 成像系统IML(Initial Micro-code Load) 初始微码装入Impact 影响，冲击Impact printer 击打式打印机Importing file 输入文件Incremental backup 增量备份法Indexed file organization 索引文件组织Inference engine 推理机Information 信息，情报Information capacity 信息容量36Information function 信息函数Information management 信息管理Information overload 信息超载Information system 信息系统Information technology 信息技术Information transmission system 信息传输系统Information unit 信息单位Information utility 有用程序，信息应用程序，信息公用设施Inheritance 继承Initialize 初始化Ink-jet plotter 喷墨绘图仪Ink-jet printer 喷墨印刷机Input control 输入操纵器Input device 输入设备Input hard ware 输入硬件37Inquiry and communication system 查询与通信系统Insert 插入Insertion point 插入点Install 安装，建立Instruction cycle 指令周期Integrated circuit 集成电路Integrated software package 组合软件包Intellectual property 知识产权Intelligent robot 智能机器人Intelligent terminal 智能终端Interactive presentation 交互式演示Inter activity 交互性Interface 接口Intermediate node 中间网点Internal bus 内部总线38Internal hard disk drive 内部硬盘驱动器Internal modem 内部调制解调器International standard interface 国际标准接口Internet 互联网，信息网络实体Interpreter 解释程序，翻译机，转换机ISAM(Indexed Sequential Access Method) 索引顺序存取法ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network) 综合服务数字网络Isolation 隔离，绝缘ISP(Internally Stored Program) 内部存储程序ISP(Internet Service Provider) 因特网服务提供商39JJAD(Joint Application Design) 联合应用程序设计Jerk 乱窜Jitter 抖动Job file 作业文件Job management 作业管理程序Junk mail 垃圾邮件Justification range 调整范围40KKey field 关键字字段Key search 关键字查找Keyboard 键盘Keyboard console 键盘操纵台Kilobyte 千字节Knowledge base 知识库Knowledge engineer 知识工程师Knowledge engineering 知识工程Knowledge system 知识系统41LLanguage translator 语言翻译程序Large-scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路Laser 激光，激光器Laser communication 激光通信系统Laser printer 激光打印机Latency 延迟，执行时间Latent image 潜像Law 法律Layer 分层LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示器LEO(Low Earth Orbit) 近地轨道License 许可证Light pen 光笔Line printer 行式打印机42Line terminal multiplexer 终端复用器Linear 线性的，一次的Link 连接，连线，链接Linkage instruction 连接命令LISP programming language LISP 程序设计语言Live conversation 实际的对话Load 装入，加载Load server 加载服务器Local-area network 局域网Logic bomb 逻辑炸弹（病毒）Logic error 逻辑错误Logical operation 逻辑操作LOGO programming language LOGO 程序设计语言Look through 搜寻43Loop 循环，回路，环路Loss less 无损耗Lossy 有损耗的，有缺失的44MMAC(Memory access Controller) 存储器存取操纵器Machine cycle 机器周期Machine language 机器语言Macintosh （苹果公司生产的一种型号的）计算机Macro 宏，宏指令，宏定Macro virus 宏病毒Magnetic tape 磁带Magneto optical disk 磁光盘Mail server 邮件服务器Mailing list 邮件列表Main memory 主存储器Mainframe computer 主计算机Maintenance 保护，维修MAN(Maintenance Alert Network) 保护警报网45Manager 管理程序，管理人员Manipulate 操纵，操纵Manipulation 操纵，操纵，处理，操作Manual function 手动功能，人工功能Manufacturing support system 制造支持系统Marker 标记符Marketing model 市场销售模型Mark-recognition device 标记识别装置Master file 主文件Mathematic characterization of continuous image 连续图象的数学表征MDA(Multi-Dimensional Analysis) 多维分析MDT(Modified Data Tag) 修改过的数据标志Meeting software 会议软件Mega 兆Memory cycle 存储周期46Mega byte 兆字节Megahertz 兆赫Member record 成员记录Memory 经历存储，存储器Memory expansion card 存储器扩充卡Memory module 存储模块Menu bar 菜单条Menu-driven program generator 菜单驱动程序生成程序MED(Micro-Electronic Device) 微电子器件Meta-data 元数据MICR(Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) 磁性墨水字符识别Microcomputer 微型计算机Micro controller 微操纵器Microprocessor 微处理器Microwave 微波47Middleware communication model 媒件通信模型MIDI(Music Instrument Digital Interface) 乐器数字接口Miniaturization 小型化MIPS(Million Instructions Per Second) 每秒百万条指令Mirror 镜像MIS(Management Information System) 信息管理系统MMX technology MMX 技术Model 模型，机样，型号Modem 调制解调器Module design 模块设计Monitor 监视器，监督Monitor mode 监控方式Monochrome display 单色显示Mouse 鼠标Mouse pointer 鼠标指示器48Moving pictures 活动图象MPP(Massively Parallel Processor) 巨型并行处理器Multifunction device 多功能装置Multimedia 多媒体Multimedia environment 多媒体环境Multipartite virus 复合性病毒Multiplexer 多路转接器Multiplexing 多路转换Multipoint line 多点线路Multi-port 多端口Multiprocessing 多重处理Multiprogramming 多道程序设计（操纵）Multitasking 多任务Multi-user platform 多用户平台49NNarrow band services 窄带业务Nationwide network 全国范围的网络Natural language 自然语言Natural language processing 自然语言处理NC language processor NC 语言处理器Necessary bandwidth 必要带宽Net ware 网件Network 网络Network adapter 网络适配器Network computer 网络计算机Network database 网络数据库Network facilities resources 网络设备资源Network harms 网络损害50Network information resources 网络信息资源Network interface card (NIC) 网络接口卡Network piracy 网络盗版Network server 网络服务程序，网络服务器Networked hypertext protocol 网络超文本协议Neural network 神经网络Node 节点，网点Non-interacting control system 非交互式操纵系统Non-procedural language 非过程语言Non-volatile chain 非易失链NOS(Network Operating System) 网络操作系统Null set 空集Numeric key 数字键51OOAS(Office Automation System) 办公自动化系统Object 目标，对象，结果，物体Object code 目标代码OCR(Optical Character Recognition) 光符识别Odd parity 奇数奇偶校Off-line equipment 脱机设备Off-line storage 脱机存储器Off-the-shelf software 现成的软件OLE(Object Linking and Embedding) 对象的链接与嵌入OMR(Optical Mark Recognition) 光标记识别Onboard 板载的One-level code 一级代码One-to-many 一对多的52Online processing 联机处理Online storage 联机存储器OODBS(Object Oriented Data Base System) 面向目标的数据库系统OOO(Out Of Order) 发生故障，次序混乱Open network 开放式网络Operating environment 操作环境，运行环境Operating system 操作系统Operation control 操作操纵Operator 运算符，操作员Optical card 光卡Optical disk 光盘Optical Ethernet 光以太网Optimization 优化Optoelectronic receiver 光电子接收机Organization 机构，组织，结构，体系53Organization chart 组织图，结构图OS/360(Operating System/360) 360 型操作系统OSI(Open System Interconnection) 开放系统互连Output 输出Owner record 主记录，自由记录54PPackage 分组Packaged software 封装式软件包Packet 包，数据包，分组报文Packet switching 包交换Pager 页面调度程序Painting 涂色Parallel data transmission 并行数据传输Parallel implementation 并行执行Parallel port 并行端口Parallel processing 并行处理Parent record 母记录Parity bit 奇偶校验位Parity scheme 奇偶校验方案55PASCAL programming language PASCAL 程序设计语言Passive 无源的Passive network 无源网络Password 口令Path 路径PBX(Private Branch Exchange) 专用交换分机，用户交换机PC(Personal Computer) 个人计算机PC application software 个人计算机应用软件PC host operating system 个人计算机主机操作系统PCI（peripheral Component Interconnect）外围部件互连PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) 个人电脑内存储卡国际协会PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 个人数字助理PDL(Picture Description Language) 画面描述语言Peak 峰值56Peer-to-peer 层间，层到层PEM(Processing Element Memory) 处理单元存储器Perception system 感知系统Peripheral device 外围设备Personal finance software 个人财务软件Personal identification code 个人识别代码PERT chart editing PERT 图编辑PGP(Programmable Graphics Processor) 可编辑图形处理机Phonetic keyboard 语音键盘Photo-digital store 光数字存储器Photolithographic mask layer 光刻掩蔽层Physical storage 物理存储器PIM(Processor Interface Module) 处理程序接口模块PIN(Personal Identification Number) 个人识别号码Pixel store 像素存储器57PL/1 programming language PL/1 程序设计语言Platform position computer 平台位置计算机Plotter 绘图仪Plug and play system 即插即用系统Plug-in card 插件Pointing device 指示装置Point-of-sale terminal 销售点终端Point-to-point line 点对点线路，专用线Polymorphism 多形性，多机组合形势Pop-up menu 弹出选项单Port 端口，进出口Portable operating system 可移植操作系统Portable terminal 便携式终端POST(Power-on Self Test) 通电自检Power supply 电源，供电58PPP(Parallel Pattern Processor) 并行模式处理程序Precision 精确度Preliminary design 初步设计Presentation layer 表示层Presentation graphic 表示图形Presentation software 显示软件Preventive maintenance 预防性保护Previewing 预检，预览Primary storage 主存储器Print server 打印服务程序Printer 打印机Printing document 打印文档Privacy 保密性Procedural error 过程错误Procedural language 过程型语言59Procedure 过程，程序，步骤Process 处理，进程Process model 过程模型Processing 处理，加工Processing hardware 处理硬件Processor 处理程序，处理机Production language compiler 产生式语言编译程序Productivity 生产率Productivity tool 生产率工具Professional programmer 专业程序设计员Program 程序，计划，规划，方案Program file 程序文件Program flowchart 程序流程图Program independence 程序独立性Programmer 程序设计人员，编程器60Programming 程序设计，编程Programming language 程序设计语言Programming procedure 程序设计过程Project management software 工程项目管理，计划管理Project management software 工程项目管理软件PROLOG programming language PROLOG 程序设计语言Proprietary software 专有软件Proprietary system 专用系统Protocol 协议Prototype 样机，原型Prototyping 原型开发，样机研究Pseudo-code 伪代码Public communication carriers 公共通信载体Public domain 公用域Pull-down menu 下拉菜单61Pulse code modulation 脉冲码调制62QQBE(Query By Example) 仿效实例询问QIC(Quality Insurance Chain) 质量保证链Query 询问，查询Query facility 询问功能软件Query language 询问语言Query-and-reporting processor 询问与报告处理程序Quiet code 静止代码QWERTY keyboard QWERTY 键盘63RRAD(Rapid Access Device) 快速存取设备RAM(Random Access Memory) 随机存取存储器,内存Random access storage 随机存取存储器Random file organization 随机文件结构Raster graphics 光栅图形Reading 读，读取Real-time processing 实时处理Reasoning 推理，推论，推导Recalculation 重算Receiving entity 接收实体Receiving system 接收系统Record 记录Reference mark 参考标记64Reference model 参考模型Reference software 参考软件Refresh rate 更新率，刷新率Refreshable program 可刷新程序Regenerate 再生Register 寄存器Relational database 关系数据库Relational model 关系模型Release 释放Reliable 可靠的Reliability 可靠性Remote-control 遥控Remote device 远程设备Remote terminal 远程终端Removable hard disk 可移动硬盘65Repeater 中继器Repeater spacing 中继距离Replace command 替换命令Report generator 报告生成程序Resistor 电阻器Resolution 分辨率Retrieval performance 检索性能Return key 返回键RFI(Read Frequency Input) 读频率输入RGB monitor 红、绿、蓝显示器RIB(Resource Information Block) 资源信息块Ring network 环形网络RISC microprocessor RISC 微处理机Robot 机器人，自动仪Robotics 机器人学，机器人技术66Rollback 重新运行，重算ROM BIOS (Read-Only Basic Input/Output System) 只读存储器基本输入/输出系统Root record 根记录Router 发送程序，路由确定程序，路由器Row 行RPG(Report Program Generator) 报表程序生成程序RPS(Random Pattern Search) 随机模式搜索RS(Record Separator) 记录分隔符Run 运行Rupture 裂断，破裂67SSampling rate 取样率SAR(Source Address Register) 源地址寄存器Satellite 卫星，人造地球卫星Save 存储，储存Save area 储存区Scan 扫描Scanning device 扫描设备，扫描装置Scheduling software 调度软件Screen 屏幕Scrolling 卷动，滚动Scrubbing 除掉，刷去SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) 小型计算机系统接口SDL(System Development Language) 系统开发语言68Search 检索，查找Search command 查找命令Search engine 查找机Searching tool 搜寻工具Second-generation programming language 第二代程序设计语言Secondary application 辅助应用程序Secondary storage 辅助存储器，二级存储器Secondary storage sub system 辅助存储子系统Section overhead 段开销Sector 扇区，分段Security 安全性，保密性，安全措施Security system 安全系统Seek time 查找时间，定位时间Selection control 选择操纵Semiconductor 半导体69Semiconductor memory 半导体存储器Semi-structured information 半结构化问题Sender 发送器Sensor 传感器Sequence control 顺序操纵Sequential file organization 顺序文件组织Sequential storage 顺序存储器Serial 串行的Serial data transmission 串行数据传输Serial port 串行端口Serial processing 串行处理Server 服务器Service-independent network 与业务无关的网络Session layer 会话层Shared database 共享数据库70Sharing resource 共享资源SHELL software system SHELL 软件系统Shrink-wrapped multiprocessing operating system 精缩围绕多处理操作系统Silicon 硅SIMM(Single in-line Memory Module) 单列直插式存储模块Simplex transmission 单项传输Simulation programming language 模拟程序设计语言Simulator 模拟程序，模拟器Single user 用户Smalltalk programming language Smalltalk 程序设计语言Smart card 智能卡，收费卡Softcopy 软拷贝Software 软件，软设备Software engineer 软件工程师Software engineering 软件工程71Software license 软件许可证Software package 软件包，程序包Software piracy 软件非法翻印，软件侵犯版权Software suite 软件套件Software tool 软件工具Solid error 固定错误Sorting database 分类数据库Sound 声音Sound card 声卡Sound output 声音输出Source code 源代码Source date entry 源数据录入Source program file 源程序文件SPA(Signal Processing Auxiliary) 信号处理辅助设备Speech recognition system 语音识别系统72Speech synthesis 语音合成Speed 速度Speed up 加速Spelling checker 拼法检验程序Split 分发，分散Spreadsheet 电子数据表SQL(Structured Query Language) 结构化查询语言Squeeze 压缩Standardized port 标准化的端口Star network 星形网络STM(Short Term Memory) 短期存储器Storage 存储，存储器Storage hardware 存储硬件Strategic decision 战略性决策Streaming audio 流式音频73Streaming video 流式视频Stress 应力Structure chart 结构图Structured information 结构化信息Structured programming 结构化程序设计Structured walkthrough 结构化普查Subprogram 辅程序，子程序Supercomputer 巨型计算机Superconductor 超导体Supervisor 管理程序，主管人SVDF(Segmented Virtual Display File) 分段虚拟显示文件Swapping 交互，调动Switch 打开，开关，交换机Switching technique 交换技术Synchronous DXC 同步数字交叉连接74Synchronous transmission 同步传输Synchronous transmission system 同步传输系统Syntax 语法，句法Syntax error 语法错误System 系统，体制，装置System analysis 系统分析System analyst 系统分析员System clock 系统时钟System design 系统设计System development 系统开发System engineer 系统工程师System flowchart 系统流程图System implementation 系统实现方法System maintenance 系统保护System recovery 系统恢复75System software 系统软件System testing 系统测试System unit 系统单元76TTabulating machine 制机表Target variable 目标变量Task management 任务管理程序TCT(Terminal Control Table) 终端操纵表Telecommunication 远程通信，电信Teleconference 电信会议Telemedicine 电视医疗Telephone network 电话网Telephony 电话学Telex network 用户电报网Tel net 电信网，远程通信网络Terminal 终端Terminal address 终端地址77Terminal emulation 终端仿真Test 测试，检验Test equipment 测试设备Text 正文，文本Text segment 正文段Textual messages 文本信息Thesaurus 主题词表，同义词汇Third-generation programming language 第三腮程序设计语言Through-mode fashion 贯穿方式Time slicing 时间分片Time-sharing 分时，时间分配Tong-haul telecommunication system 长途通信系统Top-down program design 自顶向下程序设计Top management 主管，主控Touch screen 触屏78TPI(Target Position Indicator) 目标位置指示器TPS(Transaction Processing System) 事务处理系统TPT(Time Priority Table) 时间优先表Track 磁道，轨道，声道Trackball 跟踪球Traffic segregation 流量隔离Transaction 事项，事务处理，交易Transaction file 细目文件，事项文件Transient error 瞬时错误Transmission 传输，发送，传送Transmission unit 传输单元Translate 转换Tributary signals 支路信号Trojan horse 特洛伊木马True color 真彩色79Tuple 元组，字节组Turing test 图灵测试Twisted-pair wire 绞合线Typeface 字样80UUndo command 作废命令Unexpected halt 意外停机Unicode 单一代码UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机Universal access 统一的接入Universal product code 通用产品代码Universally 普遍地，通用地UNIX operating system UNIX 操作系统Unprotected field 非保护字段Unstructured file 非结构文件Unstructured information 非结构信息UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply) 不间断供电电源Upward compatibility 向上兼容性81URL(User Requirements Language) 用户要求语言USE(User System Evaluator) 用户系统评价程序User 用户，使用者User interface 用户接口Utility control console 有用操纵台Utility program 有用程序Utility unit 有用设备82VValue 值，算式Variable format 可变格式Varying bandwidth 可变宽带Vector graphics 向量图Version 文本，版本Very-high-level programming language 超高级程序设计语言Video compression 视频压缩Video computer system 可视计算机系统Video conference 视频会议Video file 可见文件Video memory 视频存储器Video scan 视频扫描Virtual classroom 虚拟教室83Virtual container 虚容器Virtual memory 虚拟机存储器Virtual office 虚拟办公室Virus 病毒Visual 图象的Visual programming 直观程序设计VLSI(Very-large-scale Integration) 超大规模集成电路Voice encoding techniques 语音编码技术Voice mail 声音邮件Voice output device 声音输出装置Voice recognition system 声音识别系统Volatile file 易变文件Volatile memory 易失性存储器VR(Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实VRAM(Video Random Access Memory) 视频随机存取存储器84VRM(Virtual Resource Manager) 虚拟资源管理程序VSAM(Virtual Sequential Access Method) 虚拟顺序存取法85WWait state 等待状态WAN(Wide Area Network) 广域网络Web browser 网页浏览器Web business 网上商务Web site 网站Wideband subscriber loop system 宽带用户环路系统Window mode 窗口方式Windows operating system Windows 操作系统Wired communication 有线通信Wireless communication 无线通信。
计算机专业英语单词
17.track 磁道
18.video disk 视盘
19.airfoil 机翼,螺旋桨
20.airtight 密封的
21.concentric 同圆心的，共轴的
22.consecutive 相邻的，连接的
23.cushion 缓冲气垫
24.eliminate 删去，省略,排除,消除
mand processor 命令处理程序
5.input/output control system or IOCS I/O控制系统
6.operating system 操作系统
7.primitive command 原始命令
8.prompt 提示
9.protocol 协议
10.system software 系统软件
35.mouse 鼠标
36.mundane 现世的，世界的，世俗的
37.medium 介质 media
38.plamsized 手掌大的
39.plotter 绘图仪
40.peripheral 外部（围）的
41.solid 固体的，实心的
42.table 小平板
43.Universal Product Code (UPC) 通用商品代码
3.debug 调试
4.documentation 文档
5.interpreter 解释程序,翻译员
6.library 库
7.load module 装入模块
8.machine language 机器语言
9.maintenance 维护
10.nonprocedural language 非过程语言
计算机专业英语翻译
PC personal computer 个人计算机⏹IBM International Business Machine 美国国际商用机器公司的公司简称，是最早推出的个人计算机品牌。
⏹Intel 美国英特尔公司，以生产CPU芯片著称。
⏹Pentium Intel公司生产的586 CPU芯片,中文译名为“奔腾”。
⏹Address地址⏹Agents代理⏹Analog signals模拟信号⏹Applets程序⏹Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口⏹Attachment附件⏹Access time存取时间⏹access存取⏹accuracy准确性⏹ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件⏹Add-ons 插件⏹Active-matrix主动矩阵⏹Adapter cards适配卡⏹Advanced application高级应用⏹Analytical graph分析图表⏹Analyze分析⏹Animations动画⏹Application software 应用软件⏹Arithmetic operations算术运算⏹Audio-output device音频输出设备⏹Basic application基础程序⏹Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案⏹Binary system二进制系统⏹Bit比特⏹Browser浏览器⏹Bus line总线⏹Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元⏹Business-to-consumer企业对消费者⏹Bar code条形码⏹Bar code reader条形码读卡器⏹Bus总线⏹Bandwidth带宽⏹Bluetooth蓝牙⏹Broadband宽带⏹Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务⏹cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序⏹cookies信息记录程序⏹cracker解密高手⏹cumulative trauma disorder积累性损伤错乱⏹Cybercash电子现金⏹Cyberspace计算机空间⏹cynic愤世嫉俗者⏹Cables连线⏹Cell单元箱⏹Chain printer链式打印机⏹Character and recognition device字符标识识别设备⏹Chart图表⏹Chassis支架⏹Chip芯片⏹Clarity清晰度⏹Closed architecture封闭式体系结构⏹Column列⏹Combination key结合键⏹computer competency计算机能力⏹connectivity连接，结点⏹Continuous-speech recognition system连续语言识别系统⏹Channel信道⏹Chat group谈话群组⏹chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) ]氯氟甲烷⏹Client客户端⏹Coaxial cable同轴电缆⏹cold site冷网站⏹Commerce servers商业服务器⏹Communication channel信道⏹Communication systems信息系统⏹Compact disc rewritable⏹Compact disc光盘⏹computer abuse amendments act of 19941994计算机滥用法案⏹computer crime计算机犯罪⏹computer ethics计算机道德⏹computer fraud and abuse act of 1986计算机欺诈和滥用法案⏹computer matching and privacy protection act of 1988计算机查找和隐私保护法案⏹Computer network计算机网络⏹computer support specialist计算机支持专家⏹computer technician计算机技术人员⏹computer trainer计算机教师⏹Connection device连接设备⏹Connectivity连接⏹Consumer-to-consumer个人对个人⏹Control unit操纵单元⏹Cordless or wireless mouse无线鼠标⏹Cable modems有线调制解调器⏹carpal tunnel syndrome腕骨神经综合症⏹CD-ROM可记录光盘⏹CD-RW可重写光盘⏹CD-R可记录压缩光盘⏹Disk磁碟⏹Distributed data processing system分部数据处理系统⏹Distributed processing分布处理⏹Domain code域代码⏹Downloading下载⏹DVD 数字化通用磁盘⏹DVD-R 可写DVD⏹DVD-RAM DVD随机存取器⏹DVD-ROM 只读DVD⏹Database数据库⏹database files数据库文件⏹Database manager数据库管理⏹Data bus数据总线⏹Data projector数码放映机⏹Desktop system unit台式电脑系统单元⏹Destination file目标文件⏹Dumb terminal非智能终端⏹data security数据安全⏹Data transmission specifications数据传输说明⏹database administrator数据库管理员⏹Dataplay数字播放器⏹Demodulation解调⏹denial of service attack拒绝服务攻击⏹Dial-up service拨号服务⏹Digital cash数字现金⏹Digital signals数字信号⏹Digital subscriber line数字用户线路⏹Digital versatile disc数字化通用磁盘⏹Digital video disc数字化视频光盘⏹Direct access直接存取⏹Directory search目录搜索⏹disaster recovery plan灾难恢复计划⏹Disk caching磁盘驱动器高速缓存⏹Diskette磁盘⏹Digital cameras数码照相机⏹Digital notebooks数字笔记本⏹Digital bideo camera数码摄影机⏹Discrete-speech recognition system不连续语言识别系统⏹Document文档⏹document files文档文件⏹Dot-matrix printer点矩阵式打印机⏹Dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器⏹environment环境⏹Erasable optical disks可擦除式光盘⏹ergonomics人类工程学⏹ethics道德规范⏹External modem外置调制解调器⏹extranet企业外部网⏹e-book电子阅读器⏹Expansion cards扩展卡⏹electronic commerce电子商务⏹electronic communications privacy act of1986电子通信隐私法案⏹encrypting加密术⏹energy star能源之星⏹Enterprise computing企业计算化⏹end user终端用户⏹e-cash电子现金⏹e-commerce电子商务⏹electronic cash电子现金⏹Floppy-disk cartridge磁盘盒⏹Formatting格式化⏹freedom of information act of 1970信息自由法案⏹frequency频率⏹frustrated受挫折⏹Full-duplex communication全双通通信⏹Fax machine传真机⏹Field域⏹Find搜索⏹FireWire port火线端口⏹Firmware固件⏹Flash RAM闪存⏹Flatbed scanner台式扫描器⏹Flat-panel monitor纯平显示器⏹floppy disk软盘⏹filter过滤⏹firewall防火墙⏹firewall防火墙⏹Fixed disk固定硬盘⏹Flash memory闪存⏹Flexible disk可折叠磁盘⏹Floppies磁盘⏹Formatting toolbar格式化工具条⏹Formula公式⏹Function函数⏹fair credit reporting act of 1970公平信用报告法案⏹Fiber-optic cable光纤电缆⏹File compression文件压缩⏹File decompression文件解压缩⏹green pc绿色个人计算机⏹Grop by 排序⏹General-purpose application通用运用程序⏹Gigahertz千兆赫⏹Graphic tablet绘图板⏹Hard-disk pack硬盘组⏹Head crash磁头碰撞⏹header标题⏹help desk specialist帮助办公专家⏹helper applications帮助软件⏹Hierarchical network层次型网络⏹history file历史文件⏹handheld computer手提电脑⏹Hard copy硬拷贝⏹hard disk硬盘⏹hardware硬件⏹Help帮助⏹hits匹配记录⏹horizontal portal横向用户⏹hot site热网站⏹Hybrid network混合网络⏹Host computer主机⏹Home page主页⏹Hyperlink超链接⏹hacker黑客⏹Half-duplex communication半双通通信⏹Hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒⏹information pushers信息推送器⏹initializing 初始化⏹instant messaging计时信息⏹internal hard disk内置硬盘⏹Internet hard drive 网络硬盘驱动器⏹intranet企业内部网⏹Image capturing device图像获取设备⏹information technology信息技术⏹Ink-jet printer墨水喷射印刷机⏹Integrated package综合性组件⏹Intelligent terminal智能终端设备⏹Intergrated circuit集成电路⏹Interface cards接口卡⏹illusion of anonymity匿名幻想⏹index search索引搜索⏹Internal modem内部调制解调器⏹internet telephony网络电话⏹internet terminal互联网终端⏹Identification识别⏹drive网络硬盘驱动器⏹joystick操纵杆⏹keyword search关键字搜索⏹laser printer激光打印机⏹Layout files版式文件⏹Light pen光笔⏹Locate定位⏹lurking潜伏⏹Logical operations逻辑运算⏹Lands凸面⏹Line of sight communication视影通信⏹Low bandwidth低带宽计算机英语名词解释⏹ADIMM（Advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules，高级双重内嵌式内存模块）⏹AMR（Audio／Modem Riser，音效／调制解调器主机板附加直立插卡）⏹AHA（Accelerated Hub Architecture，加速中心架构）⏹ASK IR（Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red，长波形可移动输入红外线）⏹A TX（A T Extend，扩展型A T）⏹BIOS（Basic Input/Output System，基本输入/输出系统）⏹CSE（Configuration Space Enable，可分配空间）⏹DB（Device Bay，设备插架）⏹DMI（Desktop Management Interface，桌面管理接口）⏹EB（Expansion Bus，扩展总线）⏹EISA（Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture，增强形工业标准架构）⏹EMI（Electromagnetic Interference，电磁干扰）⏹ESCD（Extended System Configuration Data，可扩展系统配置数据）⏹FBC（Frame Buffer Cache，帧缓冲缓存）⏹FireWire（火线，即IEEE1394标准）⏹FSB（Front Side Bus，前置总线，即外部总线）⏹FWH（Firmware Hub，固件中心）⏹GMCH（Graphics & Memory Controller Hub，图形和内存控制中心）⏹GPIs（General Purpose Inputs，普通操作输入）⏹ICH（Input/Output Controller Hub，输入/输出控制中心）⏹IR（Infrared Ray，红外线）⏹IrDA（Infrared Ray，红外线通信接口可进行局域网存取和文件共享）⏹ISA（Industry Standard Architecture，工业标准架构）⏹ISA（Instruction Set Architecture，工业设置架构）⏹MDC（Mobile Daughter Card，移动式子卡）⏹MRH-R（Memory Repeater Hub，内存数据处理中心）⏹MRH-S（SDRAM Repeater Hub，SDRAM数据处理中心）⏹MTH（Memory Transfer Hub，内存转换中心）⏹NGIO（Next Generation Input/Output，新一代输入/输出标准）⏹P64H（64-bit PCI Controller Hub，64位PCI控制中心）⏹PCB（Printed Circuit Board，印刷电路板）⏹PCBA（Printed Circuit Board Assembly，印刷电路板装配）⏹PCI（Peripheral Component Interconnect，互连外围设备）⏹PCI SIG（Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group，互连外围设备专业组）⏹POST（Power On Self Test，加电自测试）⏹RNG（Random number Generator，随机数字发生器）⏹RTC（Real Time Clock，实时时钟）⏹KBC（KeyBroad Control，键盘控制器）⏹SAP（Sideband Address Port，边带寻址端口）⏹SBA（Side Band Addressing，边带寻址）⏹SMA（Share Memory Architecture，共享内存结构）⏹STD（Suspend To Disk，磁盘唤醒）⏹STR（Suspend To RAM，内存唤醒）⏹SVR（Switching V oltage Regulator，交换式电压调节）⏹USB（Universal Serial Bus，通用串行总线）⏹USDM（Unified System Diagnostic Manager，统一系统监测管理器）⏹VID（V oltage Identification Definition，电压识别认证）⏹VRM （V oltage Regulator Module，电压调整模块）⏹ZIF（Zero Insertion Force ，零插力）⏹主板技术⏹ACOPS（Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System，CPU过热预防系统）⏹SIV（System Information Viewer，系统信息观察）⏹ESDJ（Easy Setting Dual Jumper，简化CPU双重跳线法）⏹UPT（USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口）⏹芯片组⏹ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface，先进设置和电源管理）⏹AGP（Accelerated Graphics Port，图形加速接口）⏹I/O（Input/Output，输入/输出）⏹MIOC（Memory and I/O Bridge Controller，内存和I/O桥控制器）⏹NBC（North Bridge Chip，北桥芯片）⏹PIIX（PCI ISA/IDE Accelerator，加速器）⏹PSE36（Page Size Extension 36－bit，36位页面尺寸扩展模式）⏹PXB（PCI Expander Bridge，PCI增强桥）⏹RCG（RAS/CAS Generator，RAS/CAS发生器）⏹SBC（South Bridge Chip，南桥芯片）⏹SMB（System Management Bus，全系统管理总线）⏹SPD（Serial Presence Detect，内存内部序号检测装置）⏹SSB（Super South Bridge，超级南桥芯片）⏹TDP（Triton Data Path，数据路径）⏹TSC（Triton System Controller，系统控制器）⏹QPA（Quad Port Acceleration，四接口加速）⏹ASIC（Application Specific Integrated Circuit，特殊应用积体电路）⏹ASC（Auto-Sizing and Centering，自动调效屏幕尺寸和中心位置）⏹ASC（Anti Static Coatings，防静电涂层）⏹AGAS（Anti Glare Anti Static Coatings，防强光、防静电涂层）⏹BLA（Bearn Landing Area，电子束落区）⏹BMC（Black Matrix Screen，超黑矩阵屏幕）⏹CRC（Cyclical Redundancy Check，循环冗余检查）⏹CRT（Cathode Ray Tube，阴极射线管）⏹DDC（Display Data Channel，显示数据通道）⏹DEC（Direct Etching Coatings，表面蚀刻涂层）⏹DFL（Dynamic Focus Lens，动态聚焦）⏹DFS（Digital Flex Scan，数字伸缩扫描）⏹DIC（Digital Image Control，数字图像控制）⏹Digital Multiscan II（数字式智能多频追踪）⏹DLP（Digital Light Processing，数字光处理）⏹DOSD（Digital On Screen Display，同屏数字化显示）⏹DPMS（Display Power Management Signalling，显示能源管理信号）⏹Dot Pitch（点距）⏹DQL（Dynamic Quadrapole Lens，动态四极镜）⏹DSP（Digital Signal Processing，数字信号处理）⏹EFEAL（Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens，可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头）⏹FRC（Frame Rate Control，帧比率控制）⏹HVD（High V oltage Differential，高分差动）⏹LCD（liquid crystal display，液晶显示屏）⏹LCOS（Liquid Crystal On Silicon，硅上液晶）⏹LED（light emitting diode，光学二级管）⏹L-SAGIC（Low Power-Small Aperture G1 wiht Impregnated Cathode，低电压光圈阴极管）⏹LVD（Low V oltage Differential，低分差动）⏹LVDS（Low V oltage Differential Signal，低电压差动信号）⏹MALS（Multi Astigmatism Lens System，多重散光聚焦系统）⏹MDA（Monochrome Adapter，单色设备）⏹MS（Magnetic Sensors，磁场感应器）⏹Porous Tungsten（活性钨）⏹RSDS（Reduced Swing Differential Signal，小幅度摆动差动信号）⏹SC（Screen Coatings，屏幕涂层）⏹Single Ended（单终结）⏹Shadow Mask（阴罩式）⏹TDT（Timeing Detection Table，数据测定表）⏹TICRG（Tungsten Impregnated Cathode Ray Gun，钨传输阴级射线枪）⏹TFT（Thin Film Transistor，薄膜晶体管）⏹UCC（Ultra Clear Coatings，超清晰涂层）⏹V AGP（V ariable Aperature Grille Pitch，可变间距光栅）⏹VBI（V ertical Blanking Interval，垂直空白间隙）⏹VDT（Video Display Terminals，视频显示终端）⏹VRR（V ertical Refresh Rate，垂直扫描频率）计算机函数数据库#include <iostream.h>class Myclas{private:int m-number;publicvoid setNumber(int number){m-number = number;}int getNumber(){return m-number}};void showMe(){cout<<"我是一个类"<<endl;}};void main (){Myclass mc;//mc.m_number=10;mc.setNumber(10);cout<<mc.showMe()<<endl;}⏹AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port) －图形加速接口⏹Access Time－存取时间⏹Address-地址⏹ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会⏹ASCII （American Standard Code for Information Interchange）⏹Async SRAM-异步静态内存⏹BSB (Backside Bus)⏹Bandwidth－带宽⏹Bank －内存库⏹Bank Schema －存储体规划⏹Base Rambus －初级的Rambus内存⏹Baud －波特⏹BGA (Ball Grid Array)－球状引脚栅格阵列封装技术⏹Binary －二进制⏹BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) －基本输入/输出系统⏹Bit－位、比特⏹BLP－底部引出塑封技术⏹Buffer－缓冲区⏹Buffered Memory－带缓冲的内存⏹BEDO (Burst EDO RAM) －突发模式EDO随机存储器⏹Burst Mode－突发模式⏹Bus－总线⏹Bus Cycle－总线周期⏹Byte－字节⏹Cacheability－高速缓存能力⏹Cache Memory－高速缓存存储器⏹CAS (Column Address Strobe)－列地址选通脉冲⏹CL（CAS Latency ）－列地址选通脉冲时间延迟⏹CDRAM （Cache DRAM）－快取动态随机存储器⏹Checksum－检验和，校验和⏹Chipset－芯片组⏹Chip-Scale Package (CSP)－芯片级封装⏹Compact Flash－紧凑式闪存⏹Concurrent Rambus－并发式总线式内存⏹Continuity RIMM (C-RIMM)－连续性总线式内存模组⏹CMOS（Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semicomductor）－互补金属氧化物半导体用于晶体管⏹CPU (Central Processing Unit)－中央处理单元⏹Credit Card Memory －信用卡内存⏹DDR(Double Data Rate SDRAM)－双数据输出同步动态存储器。
(完整word版)计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版
主存储器，也就是说内存，用于为处理器暂时存放程序和数据。所有的程序和数据在被操作之前必须从输入设备（如VDT）或者辅助存储器转存到主存储器中。主存储器存储容量通常是相当有限的，因此，在一个程序执行结束，它所占用的存储空间必须被重新分配给其它正在等待执行操作的程序。
Figure 1-1 illustrates how all input/output (I/O)is “read to” or “written from” primary storage. In the figure, an inquiry (input) is made on a VDT. The inquiry, in the form of a message, is routed to primary storage over a channel (such as a coaxial cable). The message is interpreted, and the processor initiates action to retrieve the appropriate program and data from secondary storage [3].The program and data are “loaded”, or moves, to primary storage from secondary storage. This is a nondestructive read process. That is, the program and data that are read reside in both primary storage (temporarily) and secondary storage (permanently). The data are manipulated according to program instructions, and a report is written from primary storage to a printer.
计算机专业英语翻译参考
计算机专业英语翻译参考1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoreticalfoundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction.计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础，以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术，如编程语言理论，计算复杂性理论，计算机图形学和人机交互。
2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware isthe graphics card, which is the piece of equipment that renders out all images and sends them to a display.There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer. Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphicscards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡，是一件呈现出所有的图像，并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。
计算机专业英语的课文及翻译
Unit 8 puter NetworkingText 1 Data municationsThe end equipmentcan be puters, printers, keyboards, CRTs, and so on.They are either generates the digital information for transmission oruses the received digital data. This equipment generally operates digital information internally in word units.DTE is data terminal equipment. A station controller (STACO)is the corresponding unit at the secondaries. At one time, the DTE was the last piece of equipment that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system. Between the DTEs, first is the modem, and then is the munications equipment. The munication equipment is owned and maintained by Telco. Data munications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from the DTE. And DCE converts it to some form of analog signal suitable for transmission on voice-grade lines. At the receive end, the DCE performs the reverse function. It converts the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream. The simplest form of DCE is a modem (modulator/demodulator) or data set. At the transmit end, the modem can be considered a form of digital-to-analog converter.While at the receive end, it can be considered a form of analog-to-digital converter.参考译文数据通信终端设备可以是计算机、打印机、键盘、CRT等。
计算机专业英语单词
计算机专业英语单词**Unit 1 the development of computer technologyApprentice学徒n. Numerical数字的a. Integrator积分器n.Installation安装n. Semiconductor半导体n. Numerical数字的a. Share份额n.Mainframe主机n. House给…提供住房v. Stride进步n.Component元件n. Chip芯片n.Miniature微小化v. Circuit电路n.Kit一套n.Hurdle困难n.Simplify简化v.Drop-out辍学n.Fledgling刚刚起步的a. Unprecedented前所未有的a. Spreadsheet电子表格n. Automate自动化v. Band结合v.(与together连用)Novice初学者n.Abruptly突然地ad. Dub配制v.Prestige声望n.Fad时尚n.Retrieve检索v.Legitimate合法的a.**unit 2 computer systemComponent构建n. Calculation预料n. Payroll工资单n. Balance平衡vt. Chequebook账本n. Vary变化v.Diagram图解，图表n. Motherboard主板n. Memory内存n.Storage存储n.Data数据n.Process处理v. 处理过程n. Megabyte兆字节n. Floppy软盘n.Permanent永久性的a. Character字符n.Removable可移动的a. Command指令n.Keyboard键盘n.Remote遥控的a.Monitor监控器，显示器n. Display显示v.Text文本n.Graphical图表的a. Image图像n.Screen屏幕n.Feature(以…为)特征v. Resolution 分辨率n. Co-ordinate坐标n. Refresh刷新v.Specify列举v.Flicker闪烁v.Mouse鼠标n.Invert倒转v.Trackball轨迹球n. Button按钮n.Update改动v.Movement位移n.Printer打印机n.Available可用的a. Modem(modulator/demodulator)调制解调器n.Via通过，以…为媒介prep.**Unit 3 floppy drivesFloppy软磁盘 n. Drive驱动器n.Head磁头n.Diskette磁盘n.Mechanism机械装备，机械作用n.Actuator拖动装置n. Erasure删除n.Minimal最小的a.Spindle主轴n.Torque扭矩n.Compensation补偿，调整n. Sticky粘性的a.Slippery表面光滑的a. Strobe测速仪n.Fluorescent发光的a. Rim轮缘n.Wagon运货车n.Interface接口，界面n. Faceplate面板n. Ribbon丝带n.Weird奇异的a.Daisy菊花链n.Configuration配置n. Configure排列v. Jumper跳线(插座)n. Terminate 终止n. Terminator终端器n. Termination终端器装置n. Echo反射信号n.Resistor电阻器n. Solder焊接v.**unit 4 unx operating systemOverview概论n.Flavor流行，味道n. Hierarchical分层a. Portability轻便n. Kernel内核n.Assembler汇编语言n. Debugger排除故障n. Compiler程序编制器n. Outline概要n.Enforce执行v.Prompt提示，提问n. Time-slicing时间片n. Interval间歇n.Restore恢复v.Remainder余数n. Reside保存v.Swap交换v.Shuttle往复运动v.Degrade降低v.Type打字v.thrash反复地做v.priority优先n.dynamically动态地，高性能的ad.multitasking多任务n. foreground前台，前述事项n. background后台n ampersand符号&(and)n.**unit 5 programming languageSyntax句法n.Punctuation标点n.Execute运行vt.Dumb呆板的a.ManiSequence顺序n. Incorporate结合，吸收vt. Abstract使…抽象化，提取vt. Variable变量n.Constant常数n.Troubleshoot故障寻找v. Assembler汇编语言n. Parameter参数n.Numerical数字的a.Access接近，存取，访问n. Routine惯例n.Compiler自动编码器，编译程序n.Interpreter解释器n. Devise设计，制定v. Underlie成为…的基础v. Streamline做成流线型v. String字符串n.Matrix矩阵n.Facilitate促进v.Icon图标n.Simulate模仿v.Random随机的a.Procedural程序性a. Cyclical循环的a.Footnote注脚n.Script脚本v.Library库n.Function函数，功能n.Segment部分n.Inherit继承v.Spark使闪耀，激励v. Spectrum范围，幅度n.**unit 6 computer application office solutionRecipe秘诀n.Compatible兼容a. Archive存档v.Resolution分辨率n. Pixel像素n.Pitch斜度n.Dock连接v.Serial串行的a.Port端口n.Plug-in插入n.Peripheral外围的a. Interpolate改写v. Duplexing双向的a. Collate 整理v.Staple钉住v.Cropping剪切方法n. Audit查账n./v. Implement实施v. Surge浪涌n./v.** unit 7 A new officeVersion版本n.Suite组件n.Productivity生产力n. Application应用程序n. Betaβ软件测试版本n. Bill宣布v.Ambitious有抱负的a. Release发表v./n. Steer使…朝向…v. Integration 结合n. Unveil新发售v. Initiative率先，提倡n. Sweeping彻底的a. Collaboration合作n. Recognition识别n.Native本机的a.Component组件n.Linchpin关键，中心点n. Move提议，步骤n. Repository资料库n. Pivot要点n.Chart图表n.Integrate结合v.Quote报价n.Ticker股票行情自动收录机n.Workflow工作流程n. Upcoming即将到来的a. Interval间隔n.Say(插于句中)例如v. Personalize使…个性化v. Interactive交互的a. Miscellaneous杂货的，其他的a.Deployment展开n. Routine例行程序n. Tally计算，符合v. Conjunction 结合n.**unit 8 Introduction to browsersBrowser浏览器n.Transfer转移v.Layout布局，装配图n. Hypertext超文本n. Tutorial辅导n.Cursor光标n.Abbreviate缩写v. Format格式n.Access存取，访问n. Session会话n.Rescue营救v.Randomly随机的ad. Navigation导航n. Image图片n.Intuitive直观的a. respectively分别ad. Default默认n.Clickable可点击的a.**unit 9 MultimediaEssentially本质上ad. Integration集成n. Audio音频的a.Static静止的a.Animation动画片n. Capability能力，性能n. Convert变换v.In-line内部的a.Graphics图形n.Conversion转换n.External外部的a.Flexible灵活a.Tailor使适应v.Configure使成型，设置v. Setting环境，领域n. Platform平台n.Native内部的a.Installation装置n. Availability有效，可利用n. Synchronize同步化v. Extension扩展名，辅助设备n.Virtual虚拟的，实际上的a. Originate发起，创办v. Synchronization同步n. Plu** unit 10 local area networkGateway网关n.Formatting格式化n. Backspace后移n.Keystroke击键n.Update使现代化，修改v. Buffer缓冲n.Flexibility灵活性n. Interface界面，接口n. Protocol协议，草药n. Workstation工作站n. Attribute属性，特征n. Vector矢量n.Stand-alone独立的a. Console控制台n.Node节点n.Mainframe主机n.Computational计算的a. Mundane世俗的a.Intense强烈的，高度的a. Router路由器n.Evolve进化v.Forward促进，转交，发送v. Monitor监视，检验v. Traffic通行n.Hierarchical分层的a. Administrator管理人员n. Invisible不可见的a. Elsewhere在别处ad.** unit 11what is the internetInterconnect使相互连接v. Surf冲浪v.Bookmark书签n.Brokerage佣金n.Site网站n.Resume简历n.Pornographic色情的a. Filter过滤v.Evaluate评价v.Praise提出v.Hallow视为神圣v.Database数据库n.Specify指定，详记v. Keyword关键字n.Facility设施，工具n. Ala按… prep.Acronym首字母缩写词n. Newsgroup新闻组n.Forums论坛会n.Target目标n.Index索引n.Bury隐藏，埋葬v.Somewhere在附近，在某处ad. Cyberspace网络空间n. Stuff材料，资料n. Bill账单n.** unit 12 electronic data interchangeEquivalent相等物n.Procurement取得，造成n. Process活动，作用，步骤n. Facilitate推进v. Hitherto迄今ad.Architecture组织，建筑学n. Transmit传送v.Dispatch派送v.Compliance屈服n.Explicit明确的a.Moderately适中的ad. Sophisticated复杂的a. Infrastructure基础n. Retention保持n.Participant参与者n. Implement贯彻，完成v. Advantageous有利的a. Inventory存货n.Distribution分配，销售n. Automate使自动化v.Rationalize使合理化v. Catalyst催化剂n.Boundary边界n.Commence开始，倡导v. Cocomitant伴随a./伴随情况n. Coordinate协调v.Incompatible不能并立adj. Address委托，解决v. Transcription抄写，翻译n. Incidence发生，影响范围n. Transaction交易，业务n.** unit 13 beginners guide to ecommerceMug抢劫v.Interchangeably互换的ad. Issue发布v.Anonymous匿名的a.Transaction买卖n.Merchant商人n.Identity身份n.Merchandise商品n.Indorse=endorse签名v. Encode把…编码v.Cybercash=e-money=emoney电子货币n.Encrypt把…加密v. Receipt收据，接受n. Credit信誉n.Initiate开始v.Transfer移动n.Bond债券n.Corporate共同的a. Ship输送v.Format版式n.Broker经纪人n.Account账目n.Offset抵消v.Template样板模式n. Insurmountable不可逾越的a.Retailer零售商n. Expire到期v.Notify通知v.Transpire发生v. Fraud欺诈n.Lease租用v.Alternative选择n. Access存取v.Ascertain确定v. Legitimate合法的a. Leery多疑的a.Contest对…提出异议v. Chargeback退款n. Expense开支n.Would-be未来的a. Typically向来，普通ad. Stringent严格Eligibility 合格，候选资格n.** unit 14 virusReplicate复制v. Halt停止n.Transmit传播v.Security安全n.Infection感染n. Mechanism机制n. Intrigue激起(sb.的)好奇心v.Payload荷载n.Trigger引发n./v.Overwrite修改v. Sector扇区n.Random随机n.Unresponsive未反应的a. Flash快速n.Bootstrap引导(程序)n. Ultraviolet紫外线n. Dedicated专用的a. Executable可执行的a. Stub片断n.Object对象nFunction函数n.Align排队n.Even偶数的a.Alignment排队n. Chunk块n.Slack闲散的a.Variant变量n.Peculiarity独特性n. Linker连接器n.Fragment碎片n.Allocate分配v.Crucial关键的a. Deem认为v.Hook占用n./v. Interrupt中断n. Descriptor描述n. Privilege特权n. Handler管理器n. Alter改变v.**useful phrases词组Make great/rapid strides 取得很大进步In the form of以…形式 At the rate of以…速度 Be accustomed to习惯于 A matter of大约All levels of各行各业的 A number of许多Be made up of由…构成 Depend upon取决于Be concerned about关心，涉及Refer to称为Take away取下，拿走Up to直到Be locate in/on位于Dial up拨号Associate with与…联合 In addition to此外…还有 Attach to把…附在Be measured in以…为衡量单位 Coat with镀以…For this reason因此Serve as充当Distinct form截然不同 Confuse A with B把A和B相混淆Trick…into哄骗For the most part大部分 Build in插入Equip…with装备In short总之Derive…form由…而来 In total总计，全体A set of一套Carry on继续进行Present sb. With sth.把sth.送给sb.Interact with与…相互作用 Be similar to与…相似 Consist of由…构成Divide…by以…来除Give access to得到，到达，准许出入Be adapted to适应于On the fly匆忙地Be restricted with把…看做一致 Be restricted to仅限 Plug in(可分开用)接上插头通电 By comparison相比之下 Take over接管，占领Sit back放松，休息Take…off除去，跃起By the name of名叫…的 Call for呼吁Build in内建Function as作为…而起作用 Integrate with与…结合 At timed intervals定期的 Beef up加强In conjunction with与…结合 Be similar to与…相似 Figure out算出，解决 Correspond to与…一致 Be likely(unlikely)to/that可能(不可能)发生某事Set up安装Distinguish…form…区分 In doubt拿不准A variety of各种各样的 Plug in接上插头通电 By comparison相比之下Take over接管，占领 Sit back放松Take…off除去，跃起 By the name of名字叫…的 Call for呼叫，要Build in内建Function as作为…而起作用 Integrate with与…结合 At timed intervals定期 Beef up加强In conjunction with与…结合 Be similar to与…相似 Figure out算出Correspond to与…一致 Be likely(unlikely)to/that可能(不可能)发生sth.Set up安Distinguish…from…区分In doubt拿不准A variety of各种各样的 Deal with处理，论谈 Tailor to使适应…的需要Choose to愿意Be concerned with牵涉 In term of就…来说Relieve…from减轻，解除Range from…to从…到…不等 Log in注册，进入In turn依次Split…into分成All over到处Click on单击Start out起始于Communicate with与…通信 Compare with与…相比Contrast with与…对照Together with连同，和…一道 Lead to导致A range of范围Result in导致Be every bit as和…完全一样 Specialize in专门从事…As opposed to相比之下Have difficulty/trouble(in)doing…做sth.有困难End up结束Be capable of能够Consist of由…组成Meet the condition of满足…的条件 Over and over again一再地，反复地Bring to使人复生/恢复知觉 At the end of在…结束Apart from除…之外。
计算机专业英语课后单词翻译
P21,KEY TERMSapplication software 应用软件basic application 根本应用软件communication device 通信设备compact disc (CD) 光盘computer competency 计算机水平connectivity 连通性data数据database file 数据库文件desktop computer 台式计算机device driver 磁盘驱动程序digital versatile disc (DVD 数字多用途光盘digital video disc (DVD 数字多用途光盘document file 文档文件end user终端用户floppy disk 软盘handheld computer 手持计算机hard disk 硬盘hardware 硬件high definition 高清Information 信息information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术input device 输入设备Internet 因特网keyboard 键盘mainframe computer 主机；电脑存储机memory内存microprocessor 微处理器midrange computer 中型机minicomputer小型计算机modems制解调器monitor监视器mouse鼠标network 网络notebook computer 笔记本电月而operating system 操作系统optical disk 光盘output device 输出设备palm computer 掌上电脑people用户personal digital assistant (PDA 个人数字助理presentation file 演示文稿primary storage 主存printer 打印机procedure 规程program 程序random access memory 随机存储器secondary storage device 辅存software 软件specialized application 专门应用软件supercomputer 巨型机system software 系统软件system unit 系统单元tablet PC平板电脑utility 实用程序wireless revolution 无线革命worksheet file 工作表P53,KEY TERMS address 地址Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANETT高级研究工程署的网络applets小型应用程序attachment 附件auction house site 拍卖行网站browser 浏览器business-to-business (B2B)企业对企业的电子商务模式business-to-consumer (B2.企业对消费者的电子商务模式cable电缆carder信用卡诈骗的人microcomputer 微型机Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN欧洲核子研究委员会computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer (C2C 消费者对消费者的电子商务模式dial-up 拨号digital cash 数字现金directory search 目录检索domain name 域名downloading 下载DSL数字用户e-commerce电子商务e-learning 电子学习electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件e-mail电子邮件protocol ( FTP)文件传输协议filter 过滤器friend 支元header标题hit检索的结果hyperlink 超链接Hypertext Markup Language (HTML 超文本标记语百instant messaging (IM) 即时通讯Internet 因特网Internet security suite 网络平安套件Java面向对象程序设计keyword search 关键词检索link链接location 存储单元message 信息metasearch engine 元搜索弓I 擎national service provider 国家® 务提供商online 在线online banking 网上专艮行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 网上证券交易person-to-person auction site 人际拍卖网站plug-in 插件protocol 协议search engine 搜索弓I擎search service 搜索®务signature line 签名线social networking 社交网络spam垃圾邮件spam blocker垃圾邮件拦截器specialized search engine 专业搜索引擎spider网络爬虫subject 主题surf冲浪top-level domain 顶级域名uniform resource locator (URI) 统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 通用即时信息软件uploading 上传Web网站Web auction网上拍卖Web-based application 网络应用Web-based service 网络效劳Webmaster网络治理员；站长Web page 网页Web utility 网络工具wireless modem 无限路由器wireless service provider 无线上网效劳P85,KEY TERMSanalytical graph 分析图application software 应用软件AutoContent Wizard 内容提示向导basic applications 根底应用软件bulleted list 工程符号列表business suite 商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格character effect 字效Chart图表Column 歹!JComputer trainer 计算机培训员Contextual tab 上下文标签Database数据库database management system (DBMS) 数据库治理系统database manager数据库治理员Design template 设计模板dialog box 对话框Document 文件Editing 编辑Field字段find and replace 查找和替换Font字体font size 字号Form窗体Format格式Formula 公式Function 函数Galleries 图库grammar checker语法检查器graphical user interface (GUI) 图形用户界面home software家庭软件home suite家庭套装软件Icons图标integrated package 集成组件Label标签master slide 母板Menu菜单menu bar菜单栏numbered list 编号列表numeric entry 数值型输入personal software 个人软件personal suite 个人套装软件Pointer 指针presentation graphic 图形演示文稿productivity suite 生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation 重算Record记录relational database 关系型数据Report报表Ribbons功能区、格式栏Row彳亍Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片software suite 软件套装Sort排序specialized applications 专用应用程序specialized suite 专用套装软件speech recognition 语音识另^ spelling checker 拼写检查器spreadsheet 电子表格system software 系统软件Table 表格text entry 文本输入Thesaurus分类词7匚集Toolbar工具栏user interface 用户界面utility suite实用套装软件what-if analysis 变化分析Window® 口word processor 文字处理软件word wrap字回行workbook file 工作簿Worksheet工作表P113.KEY TERMS Animation 动画artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能artificial reality 虚拟现实audio editing software 音频编辑软件bitmap image 位图blog博客Buttons 按键clip art 剪辑图Desktop publisher 桌面发布desktop publishing program 桌面印刷系统软件drawing program 绘图程序expert systems 专家系统Flash动画fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑graphical map 框匿graphics suite 集成图HTML editors HTML 编辑器illustration program 绘图程序Image editors 图像编辑器image gallery 图库immersive experience 沉浸式体验industrial robots 工业机器人Interactivity 交互性knowledge bases 知识库knowledge-based system 知识库系统Link链接mobile robot 移动式遥控装置Morphing 渐变Multimedia 多媒体multimedia authoring programs 多媒体编辑程序page layout program 页面布局程序perception systems robot 感知系统机器人Photo editors 图像编辑器Pixel像素raster image 光栅图像Robot机器人Robotics机器人学stock photographs 照片库story boards 故事版Vector矢量vector illustration 矢量图vector image 矢量图像video editing software 视频编辑软件virtual environments 虚拟环境virtual reality 虚拟现实virtual reality modeling language (VRML戏拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall 虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Web authoring网络编程Webauthoring program 网络编辑程序Web log网络日志Web page editor网页编辑器商P141.KEY TERMSAdd Printer Wizard 添加打印机向导Antivirus program 反病毒程序Backup备份backup program 备份程序Booting启动、引导cold boot 冷启动computer support specialist 计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets 仪表盘Desktop 桌面desktop operating system 桌面操作系统device driver 磁盘驱动程序diagnostic program 诊断程序dialog box 对话框Disk Cleanup磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter 磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embedded operating systems 嵌入式操作系统File文件program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹Fragmented 碎片化graphical user interface (GUI) 图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标language translator 语言编译器leopard雪豹操作系统LinuxMac OS Mac操作系统Mac OS XMenu菜单Multitasking 多任务处理network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server 网络效劳器One Button Checkup 一键修复operating system 操作系统Platform 平台Pointer 指针Sectors 扇区software environment 软件环境Spotlight 聚光灯stand-alone operating system 独立操作系统system software 系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统Tracks磁道troubleshooting program 故障检修程序Uninstall program 卸载程序UNIX user interface 用户界面Utility 实用程序utility suite 实用套装软件Virus 病毒warm boot热启动Window视窗Windows视窗操作系统Windows Update Windows 更新Windows VistaWindows XPP172.KEY TERMSAC adapter交流适配器Accelerated graphics port(AGP): 图形加速端口Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU :算术逻辑单元Arithmetic operation: 算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binary coding schemes: 二进制编码制Bit:位Bus:总线Bus line:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cache memory:高速缓存carrier package 封装物Central processing unit (CPU): 中央处理器Chip:芯片Clock speed时钟速度Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor:互补金属氧化物半导体Computer technician 计算机工程师Control unit: 限制单元Coprocessor协处理器Desktop system unit: 桌面系统单元Digital 数字的Dual-core chips 双核芯片EBCDIC扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码Expansion bus扩展总线Expansion card 扩展卡Expansion slot 扩展槽FireWire port:火线接口Flash memory 闪存Graphics card 图形适配卡Graphics coprocessor 图形协处理器Handheld computer system unit 手持计算机系统单元Industry standard architecture(ISA)工业标准结构Infrared Data Association(IrDA)红外线传输模组Integrated circuit: 集成电路Laptop computer膝式计算机Logical operation 逻辑运算Microprocessor:微处理器Motherboard:主板Musical instrument digital interface(MIDI)乐器数字接口Network adapter card 网络适酉己卡Network interface card (NIC)网络接口卡Notebook system unit: 笔t 己本Parallel ports: 并行端口Parallel processing 并行处理Pc card::个人计算机插卡PCI Express (PCIE)Peripheral component interconnect (PCI):外围部件互联Personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理Plug and play: 即插即用Port:端口Power supply unit 供电设备Processor:处理器RAM cache: RAM高速缓存Random-access memory (RAM):随机存储器Read-only memory (ROM):只读存储器RFID tag 射频识别标签Semiconductor:半导体serial ATA (SATA 串行ATAg口规范Serial ports: 串行端口Silicon chip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smart card:智能卡sound card 声卡System board:系统板System cabinet:主机System clock:系统时钟System unit:系统单元tablet PC平板式电脑tablet PC system unit 平板式电脑系统单元TV tuner card: 电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Universal serial bus (USB): 通用申行总线Universal serial bus (USB) port:通用串行总线端口Virtual memory:虚拟存储器Word:字P205,KEY TERMS active-matrix monitor 有源矩阵显示器bar code条形码bar code reader 条形码阅读器cathode ray tube monitor (CRT) 阴极射线管显示器Clarity 清楚度combination key 组合键cordless mouse 无线鼠标data projector 数据投影仪digital camera 数码照相机Digital media player 数字媒体播放器Digital music player 数码音乐播放器digital video camera 数码影像摄录机dot pitch 点品Edot-matrix printer 针式打印机dots-per-inch (dpi) 点每英寸dual-scan monitor 双向扫描显示器dumb terminal 哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomic keyboard 人体工程学键盘Fax machine 机flat-panel monitor 平面显示器Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪flexible keyboard 可变形键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件Headphones^ 机high-definition television (HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机intelligent terminal 智能终端Internet telephone 网络Internet telephony 网络IP Telephony IP Joystick游戏杆Keyboard 键盘laser printer 激光打ER机light pen 光笔Liquid crystal display (LCD 液晶Magnetic card reader 磁卡阅读器magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) 磁性墨水字符识别mechanical mouse 机械鼠标Monitor显示器Mouse鼠标mouse pointer 鼠标指针multifunction device (MFD) 多功能设备network terminal 网络终端numeric keypad 数字小键盘optical-character recognition (OCR洸学字符识别optical-mark recognition (OMR洸:学标记识别optical mouse 光电鼠标Optical scanner 光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor 无源矩阵显小翁PDA keyboard PDA 键盘personal laser printer 个人激光打印机photo printer 照片打印机picture elements 有效像素Pixel像素Pixel pitch 像素间距platform scanner 平版式扫仪Plotter 绘图仪pointing stick 触控点portable printer 便携式打印机portable scanner 便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radio frequency card reader 射频卡阅读器Radio frequency identification (RFID))射频识别refresh rate 刷新率Resolution 分辨率roller ball 滚动球shared laser printer 共享激光打印机Speakers扬声器Stylus输入笔Technical writer 技术文档编写员telephonyTerminal 终端thermal printer 热敏打印机thin client 瘦客户端thin film transistor monitor (TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器toggle key 切换键touch pad触控板touch screen 触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditional keyboard 传统键盘Universal Product Code (UPC) 同一厂品编码voice-over IP (VOIP) 网络voice recognition system 语音识另^系统wand reader棒式阅读器WebcamS 像头wheel button 滚动键wireless keyboard 无线键盘wireless mouse 无线鼠标P172,KEY TERMS access speed存取速度Blue-Ray (BD 蓝光Capacity 容量CD (compact disc)光盘CD-R (CD-recordable)可录式CD CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory 洸:盘库CD-RW (compact disc rewritable) 可重写CDCylinder 柱面Density 密度direct access 直接存取disk caching 磁盘缓存DVD (digital versatile disc or digital video disc)DVD player DVD 播放器DVD- R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD DVD +R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD DVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD®机存取器DVD-ROM(DVD random-read-only memory)DV*读存储器DVD-ROM jukeboxDVD-RW (DVD rewritable)可重写DVD Enterprise storage system 企业存储系统erasable optical disk 可擦光盘文件压缩文件解压缩文件效劳器flash memory card 闪存卡floppy disk 软盘Floppy disk cartridge 软盘盒floppy disk drive (FDD) 软磁盘驱动器hard disk 硬盘hard-disk cartridge 硬盘盒hard-disk pack 硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)高清DVDhead crash磁头碰撞Hi def(high definition) 高清high capacity disk 高容量磁盘internal hard disk 内置硬盘Internet hard drive网络硬盘驱动器Label标签Land平地magnetic tape 磁带magnetic tape reel 磁带盒magnetic tape streamer 磁带条Media多媒体optical disk 光盘optical disk drive 光盘驱动器Organizational Internet storage 组织性网络存储PC Card hard disk PC 卡硬盘Pit坑primary storage 主存RAID system磁碟阵列系统Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列secondary storage 辅存Sector扇区sequential access 顺序存取Shutter 滑盖Software engineer 软件工程师solid-state storage 固态存储器storage devices 存储装置 tape cartridge 盒式带 Track 轨道USB drive USB 当区动器 write-protection notch 写入保护缺口字用户线Distributed data processing system 分布式数字处理系统 Distributed processing 分布式处 理Domain name server(DNS)域名效劳 器 Ethernet 以太网External modem 外制调制解调盔 Extranet 外联网 Fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆Firewall 防火墙 Global positioningsystem(GPS)全球定位系统P269Hierarchical network 分层网络 Home network 家庭局域网 3G cellular network 3G 移动网络Analog signal 模拟彳 Asymmetric digital subscriber line(ADSL) 非对称数字用户线Backbone 网络中枢 Bandwidth 带竟 Base station 基站 Bits per second(bps) 比特每秒Bluetooth 蓝牙 Broadband 宽带 Broadcast radio 播送电台 Bus 总线 Bus network 总线网络Cable modem 电缆调制解调盔 Cellularservice 移动 效劳Client 客户端 Client/server network 客户机 / 服务器网站 Coaxial cable 同轴电缆Communication channel 通信通道Communication system 通讯系统 Computer network 计算机网络 Connectivity 连接 Demodulation 解调 Dial-up service拨号上网效劳 Digital signal数子彳营号Digital subscriber line(DSL)数Host computer Hub 集线器 Infrared 红外线Internal modem 内置调制解调盔 Intranet 内网IP address (Internet protocoladdress) IP 地址(互联网协议地址) Local area network(LAN) 局域网Low bandwidth 低带竟 Medium band 中等带直Metropolitan area network ( MAN) 城域网Modulation 调制 Network administrator网络治理员Network architecture 网络架构 Network gateway 网关 Network hub 网络枢纽Network interface card(NIC) 网络 接口卡 Network operating system (NOS)网 络操作系统 Node 节点 Packet 数据包PC card modem PC 卡调制解调盔 Peer-to-peer network 点对点 网 网络(P2PProxy server 代理效劳器Ring network 环网Satellite 卫星Satellite/air connection service 卫星/航空连接效劳Server 效劳器Star network 星网络Strategy 策略T1,T2,T3,T4 lines T1 , T2, T3, T4路线Telephone line 线Terminal network 终端网络Time-sharing system 分时系统Topology 拓扑Transfer rate 传输速率Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol(TCP/IP) 传输限制协议/internet 协议(TCP/IP 协议)Voiceband 话音频带Wide area network (WAN) 广域网(WANWi-FI (wireless fidelity) 无线相容性认证Wireless LAN (WLAN) 无线局域网Wireless modem 无线调制解调器Wireless receiver 无线接收器P303Access 访问Accuracy 精度Ad network cookie 网络广告小软件Adware cookie 网络广告小软件Anti-spyware 反间谍软件Biometric scanning 生物识别扫描Bomb炸弹Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合征Chlorofluorocarbones(CFCs) Computer Abuse Amendments Act 计算机滥用法修正案Computer crime 计算机犯罪Computer ethics 计算机伦理学Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 计算机欺诈和滥用法Computer monitoring software 电脑监控软件Cookie html浏览器的一小段信息Cryptographer 密码员Cumulative trauma disorder 积累性损伤错乱Data security 数据平安Denial of service (DoS) attack 拒绝效劳攻击Disaster recovery plan 灾难性恢复方案Electronic monioring 电子监控Electronic profile 电子专页Encrypting 力口密Energy star 能源之星Environment protection 环境保护Ergonomics 工效学Ethics 伦理Financial Modernization Act 金融现代化法案Firewall 防火墙Freedom of Information Act 信息自由法Green PC 绿色PCHacker 黑客History file 历史文件Identity theft 身份盗窃川usion of anonymity 匿名梦想Information broke 信息拦截器Information reseller 经销商信息Internet scam 互联网骗局Keystroke logger 案件记录器Malware恶意软件Mistaken identity 识别错误Password 密码Physical security 实体平安Privacy 隐私Property 属性Repetitive motion injury 反复性动作损伤Repetitive strain injury (RSI) 重复劳损Reverse directory 方向目录Scam 诈骗Security 平安Snoopware监控软件Software copyright Act 软件著作权法Software piracy 间谍软件Spike 尖状物Spy removal program 间谍删除程序Spyware间谍软件Surge protector 浪涌保护器Technostress 重压技术Traditional cookie 传统cookies Trojan horse 木马Virus 病毒Voltage surge 电压浪涌Web bug网络漏洞Worm蠕虫。
计算机专业英语的第四版课后习题翻译
中译英参考答案Unit 1A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. The hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three primary subsystems: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem.The CPU performs many operations and controls computer. The memory subsystem is used to store program being executed by the CPU, along with the program’s data. The I/O subsystem allows the CPU to interact with input and output devices such as the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer. The components of the computer are connected to the buses.The part of the computer that performs the bulk of data processing operations is called the central processing unit and is referred to as the CPU. In microcomputer, it is often called the microprocessor. The CPU is made up of three major parts: control unit, ALU, and register set.Memory is also known as internal memory or main memory. It refers to the circuits in the computer that hold whatever programs and data are available for immediate use by the CPU.I/O subsystem includes I/O devices and interface. There are a wide variety of I/O devices, such as mouse, printer, sensor, disk, and so on. Input-output interface provides a method for transferring information between internal storage and external I/O devices. Peripherals connected to a computer need special communication links for interfacing them with the CPU. The purpose of the communication link is to resolve the differences that exist between the central computer and each peripheral.Unit 2Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. Hard disk drives store information in magnetic particles embedded in a disk. Usually a permanent part of the computer, hard disk drives can store large amounts of information and retrieve that information very quickly.Although fixed hard drive systems offer faster access and have a higher storage capacity than optical discs, optical disc systems use removable media – a distinct benefit. Optical discs – primary CDs and DVDs – are much more widely used than removable hard drive systems. They are the standard today for software delivery, as well as commonly used for storing high-capacity music and video files. There are also versions of both CD and DVD drives available for home audio and home theater use. Optical discs are commonly referred to as compact discs.CD and DVD discs are read by CD and DVD drives. The speed of a CD or DVD drive is rated as 24x, 32x, 36x, and so on. These labels describe how fast the drive is compared to the first version of that drive. For example, a 36x drive is 36 times the speed of the baseline unit that was originally manufactured.Most optical discs have a title and other text printed only on one side and they are inserted into the drive with the printed side facing up. When inserting such a CD or DVD, be careful not to get dirt, fingerprints, scratches, or anything else that might hinder light reflectivity on the disc’s surface.Unit 3(a) A program is a list of instructions or statements for directing the computer to perform a required data processing task. Programming is a multistep process for creating that list of instructions.(b) It is important to understand the difference between a class and an object of that class. A class is simply a specification for creating objects. Thus, a single class may create multiple objects.(c) Java is an object-oriented, network-friendly high-lever programming language that allows programmers to build applications that can run on almost any operating system.(d) ActiveX is a set of controls, or reusable components that enables programs or content of almost any type to be embedded within a Web page. Whereas a Java must be downloaded each time you visit a Web site, with ActiveX the component is downloaded only once, then stored on your hard disk for later, repeated use.(e) Programming involves a great deal of creativity. The design is guide to the function or purpose of each component, but the programmer has great flexibility in implementing the design as code. No matter what language is used, each program component involves at least three major aspects: control structures, algorithms, and data structures.Unit 4The software system can be divided into two broad categories: application software and system software. Application software consists of the program for performing tasks particular to the machine’s utilization. In contrast to application software, system software comprises a large number of programs. These programs start up the computer and function as the principle coordinator of all hardware components and application software. Without system software loaded into RAM of your computer, your hardware and application software are useless.System software can be grouped into three basic parts: operating system, utility software, and language translators. The majority of an installation’s utility software consists of programs for performing activities that are fundamental to computer installations yet not included in the operating system. In a sense, utility software consists of software units that extend the capabilities of the operating system.A computer’s OS is the main collection of programs that manage its activities.The primary chores of an OS are management and control. The OS ensures that all actions requested by a user are valid and processed in an orderly fashion. It also manages the computer system’s resources to perform these operations with efficiency and consistency.Application software is the software designed to help you solve problems specific to business or perform specific business tasks. Application software then is the layer of software closest to you. Basically, there are four categories of application software: productivity software, business and specialty software, entertainment software and education/reference software.Unit 5A computer network is often classified as being either a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (WAN), or a wide area network (WAN). The connection of two or more networks is called an internetwork. The worldwide Internet is a well-known example of an internetwork.LANs are privately owned networks within a single building or campus of up to a few kilometers in size. They are widely used to connect personal computers and workstations in company offices and factories to share resources and exchange information.In general, a given LAN will use only one type of transmission medium. Various topologies are possible for LANs. The most common LAN topologies are bus, ring and star.A MAN is basically a bigger version of a LAN and normally uses similar technology. MAN is designed to extend over an entire city. It may be a single network such as a cable television network, or it may be a means of connecting a number of LANs into a large network so that resources may be shared LAN-to-LAN as well as device-to-device. For example, a company can use a MAN to connect the LANs in all of its offices throughout a city.A W AN spans a large geographical area that may comprise a country, a continent, or even the world. It provides long-distance transmission of data, voice, image, and video information over large geographical area.In contrast to LANs, W ANs may utilize public leased, or private communication devices, usually in combinations, and can therefore span an unlimited number of miles.Unit 6Transmission media are used to transfer messages over a network. For instance, the transmission media used in a network may be a privately owned set of cables, the public phone lines, or a satellite system. Transmission media can either be wired or wireless.The three types of wired media most commonly used to carry messages are twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. One of the most successful developments in transmission media in recent years has been fiber optics. Fiber-optic cable is commonly used for the high-speed backbone lines of a network, or for Internet infrastructure.Wireless transmission media have become especially popular in recent years. They support communications in situations in which physical wiring is impractical or inconvenient, as well as facilitate mobility. Wireless media are commonly used to connect devices to a network, to share information between computers, to connect wireless mice to a computer, and for handheld PCs, wireless phones, and other mobile devices. Radio signals transferred through the air are the heart of most types of wireless media. In addition to conventional broadcast radio application, the microwave, cellular, and satellite transmission media also use radio signals to transmit data.Radio transmissions require the use of a transmitter to send the radio signals through the air. A receiver (usually containing some type of antenna) accepts the date at the other end. When a device functions as both a receiver and transmitter, it is commonly called a transceiver or transmitter-receiver.Unit 7(a) Since many database systems users are not computer trained, developers hide the complexity from users through several levels of abstraction, to simplify user’s interactions with the system: physical level, logical level, and view level.(b) A database schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language called a data-definition language (DDL). The result of compilation of DDL statements is a set of tables that is stored in a special file called data dictionary, or data directory.(c) The structured query language (SQL) is the most widely used and standard query language for relational database management systems. It is a kind of non-procedural language.(d) An entity is a “thing” or “object” in the real world that is distinguishable from other objects. For example, each person is an entity, and bank accounts can be considered to be entities. Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes.(e) Data warehouse is one of the newest and hottest buzzwords and concepts in the IT field and the business environment. A data warehouse is a logical collection of information——gathered from many different operational databases——that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.Unit 8Animation is the term used to describe a series of graphical images that are displayed one after the other to simulate movement. Cartoons on television are one example of animation.Video differs from animation in that it usually begins as a continuous stream of visual information that is broken into separate images or frames when the video is recorded. When the frames are projected—typically at a rate of 30 frames per second—the effect is a smooth reconstruction of the original continuous stream of information. As you might imagine, at 30 frames per second, the amount of data involved in displaying a video during a multimedia presentation can require a substantial amount of storage space. Consequently, video data—like audio data—is often compressed. A variety of compression standards exist. Some of the most common video file formats are .avi, .mpeg, .mov, .rm.For multimedia presentation, video may be recorded using a standard (analog) video camera and then converted to digital form as it is input into a computer. Alternatively, the film can be recording digitally using a digital video camera. Streaming video is frequently used on Web pages to reduce file size. Similar to streaming audio, Streaming video files can begin playing once a portion of the video has been downloaded.Unit 9(a) AI is currently being applied in business in the form of knowledge systems, which use human knowledge to solve problems. The most popular type of knowledge-based system is the expert system. An expert system is a computer program that attempts to represent the knowledge of human experts in the form of heuristics. The term heuristic is derived from the same Greek root as the word eureka, which means “to discover”.(b) The user interface enables the manager to enter instructions and information into the expert system and to receive information from it. The instructions specify the parameters that guide the expert system through its reasoning processing. The information is in the form of values assigned to certain variables.(c) The knowledge base contains both facts that describe the problem area and knowledge representation techniques that describe how the facts fit together in a logical manner. The term problem domain is used to describe the problem area.(d) An expert system, also called a knowledge-based system, is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. Expert systems are excellent for diagnostic and prescriptive problems.(e) The DSS is not intended to replace the manager. The computer can be applied to the structured portion of the problem, but the manager is responsible for the unstructured portion——applying judgment or intuition and conducting analyses.Unit 10The linked list (see figure 1) consists of a series of nodes, which are not necessarily adjacent in memory. Each node contains the element and a link to a node containing its successor. We call this the next link. The last cell’s next link references null.To execute printList or find(x) we merely start at the first node in the list and then traverse the list by following the next links. This operation is clearly linear-time, as in the array implementation, although the constant is likely to be larger than if an array implementation were used. The findKth operation is no longer quite as efficient as an array implementation; findKth(i) takes O(i) time and works by traversing down the list in the obvious manner. In practice, this bound is pessimistic, because frequently the calls to findKth are in sorted order (by i). As an example, findKth(2), findKth(3), findKth(4), and findKth(6) can all be executed in one scan down the list.The remove method can be executed in one next reference change. Figure 2 shows the result of deleting the second element in the original list.The insert method requires obtaining a new node from the system by using a new call and then executing two reference maneuvers. The general idea is shown in figure 3. The dashed line represents the old next reference.Unit 11(a) A set is pure if all of its members are sets, all members of its members are sets, and so on. For example, the set containing only the empty set is a nonempty pure set.(b) A language is a describable set of finite strings, drawn from a fixed alphabet. A grammar is one way to "describe" the language. The grammar consists of a finite list of rules, where each rule replaces one substring with another. The string on the left must contain at least one nonterminal. The first string "produces" or "generates" the second. Thus a rule is also called a production.(c) A finite-state machine (FSM) or finite-state automaton（FA）is a mathematical abstraction sometimes used to design digital logic or computer programs. It is a behavior model composed of a finite number of states, transitions between those states, and actions, similar to a flow graph in which one can inspect the way logic runs when certain conditions are met.(d) Sometimes it is inconvenient or impossible to describe a set by listing all of its elements. Another useful way to define a set is by specifying a property that the elements of the set have in common. The notation P(x) is used to denote a sentence or statementP concerning the variable object x. The set defined by P(x) written {x | P(x)}, is just a collection of all the objects for which P is true.Unit 12(a) Because drawings are typically displayed in 3D, CAD is especially helpful in designing automobiles, aircraft, ships, buildings, electrical circuits (including computer chips), and even clothing.(b) Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.(c) In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information system may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products.(d) Knowing the history and evolution of ERP is essential to understanding its current application and its future developments.(e) In addition to monitoring operational activities such as tracking the status of orders and inventory levels, enterprise system also improve organization-wide reporting and decision making.Unit 13(a) There are a wide variety of educational application programs available. Educational software is designed to teach one or more skills, such as reading, math, spelling, a foreign language, world geography, or to help prepare for standardized tests.(b) Electronic business (e-business) is the use of information technology and electronic communication networks to exchange business information and conduct transactions in electronic, paperless form.(c) Word processing software allows you to use computers to create, edit, store, and print documents. You can easily insert, delete, and move words, sentences, and paragraphs——without ever using an eraser.(d) What is a spreadsheet? Spreadsheet software takes its name from the accountant’s columnar worksheet, which it imitates. A spreadsheet is a worksheet consisting of a collection of cells formed by the intersection of rows and columns. Each cell can store one piece of information: a number, word or phrase, or formula.Unit 14(a) A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents data with reference to geographic location data. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis and database technology.(b) The GPS receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of each message and computes the distance to each satellite. These distances along with the satellites' locations are used to compute the position of the receiver. This position is then displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or latitude and longitude; elevation information may be included.(c) Virtual reality (VR) is a term that applies to computer-simulated environments that can simulate physical presence in the real world. Most current virtual reality environments are primarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special stereoscopic displays, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers or headphones.Unit 15(a) The software development process is sometimes called the software development life cycle (SDLC), because it describes the life of a software product from its conception to its implementation, delivery, use, and maintenance.(b) How can the CMM help your organization? There are three key roles the CMM plays. First, the CMM helps build an understanding of software process by describing the practices that contribute to a level of process maturity. The second role of the CMM is to provide a consistent basis for conducting appraisals of software processes. The CMM’s third key role is to serve as a blueprint for software process improvement.(c) The UML offers a standard way to write a system’s blueprints, including conceptual things such as business processes and system functions as well as concrete things such as programming language statements, database schemas, and reusable software components. The UML represents a collection of the best engineering practices that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.(d) Object modeling is a technique for identifying objects within the system environment and the relationships between those objects. The object-oriented approach to system development is based on several concepts, such as object, attribute, behavior, encapsulation, class, inheritance, polymorphism, persistence, etc.Unit 16“Security” is an all-encompassing term that describes all the concepts, techniques, and technologies to protect information from unauthorized access. There are several requirements for information security.Confidentiality: hiding data, usually with encryption, to prevent unauthorized viewing and access.Authenticity: the ability to know that the person or system you are communicating with is who or what you think it is.Access control: once a person or system has been authenticated, their ability to access data and use systems is determined by access controls.Data integrity: providing assurance that an information system or data is genuine.Availability: making sure that information is available to users in a secure way.To prevent unauthorized access, some type of identification procedure must be used. These vary from passwords to physical access object (access cards, etc.) to biometric devices that verify some type of personal characteristic, such as a fingerprint.Some of the most secure access control systems address both identification and authentication. Identification involves verifying that the person’s name or other identifying feature is listed as an authorized user; authentication refers to determining whether or not the person is actually who he or she claims to be.Unit 17A distributed system is a collection of independent computers which appear to the users of system as a single computer. Nearly all large software systems are distributed. For example, enterprise-wide business systems must support multiple users running common applications across different sites.A distributed system encompasses a variety of applications, their underlying support software, the hardware they run on, and the communication links connecting the distributed hardware. The largest and best-known distributed system is the set of computers, software, and services comprising the World Wide Web, which is so pervasive that it coexists with and connects to most other existing distributed systems. The most common distributed systems are networked client/server systems. Distributed systems share the general properties described below.●Multiple nodes●Message passing or communication●Resource sharing●Decentralized control●Concurrency or parallelism●Fault tolerance●Heterogeneity●OpennessDistributed systems have many inherent advantages, especially over centralized systems. Some applications are inherent distributed as well. In general, distributed systems:●Yield higher performance●Allow incremental growth●Allow one user to run a program on many different machines in parallel ●Provide higher reliability● .●●。
计算机专业英语翻译及课后答案
计算机专业英语翻译及课后答案Unit Nine: The InternetUnit Nine/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. research2. ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers3. router; gateway4. temporary/dial-up; permanent/dedicated5. ISP或Internet service provider6. network; host7. decimal8. mnemonicII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2. IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3. autonomous system 自主系统4. dial-up connection 拨号连接5. network identifier 网络标识符6. binary notation 二进制记数法7. mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9. name server 名称服务器10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11. 助记地址mnemonic address12. 网吧cyber cafe13. 宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14. 顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15. 因特网编址Internet addressing16. 点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17. 因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18. 专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19. 主机地址host address20. 硬件与软件支持hardware and software supportIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for their connections. Telephone company systems of that time established a single connection between sender and receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path. Whena company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, the company placed a telephone call to establish the connection, and then connected one computer to eachend of that single connection.The U. S. Defense Department was concerned about the inherent risk of thissingle-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a differentmethod of sending information through multiple channels. In this method, files and messagesare broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences,and destinations. In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research ProjectsAgency (ARPA) used this network model to connect four computers into a network called theARPANET. The ARPANET was the earliest of the networks that eventually combined to become what we now call the Internet. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological developments that increased its speed and efficiency.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 因特网只是提供了将许许多多的计算机连接在一起的物理与逻辑基础结构。
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PC personal computer 个人计算机⏹IBM International Business Machine 美国国际商用机器公司的公司简称，是最早推出的个人计算机品牌。
⏹Intel 美国英特尔公司，以生产CPU芯片著称。
⏹Pentium Intel公司生产的586 CPU芯片,中文译名为“奔腾”。
⏹Address地址⏹Agents代理⏹Analog signals模拟信号⏹Applets程序⏹Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口⏹Attachment附件⏹Access time存取时间⏹access存取⏹accuracy准确性⏹ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件⏹Add-ons 插件⏹Active-matrix主动矩阵⏹Adapter cards适配卡⏹Advanced application高级应用⏹Analytical graph分析图表⏹Analyze分析⏹Animations动画⏹Application software 应用软件⏹Arithmetic operations算术运算⏹Audio-output device音频输出设备⏹Basic application基础程序⏹Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案⏹Binary system二进制系统⏹Bit比特⏹Browser浏览器⏹Bus line总线⏹Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元⏹Business-to-consumer企业对消费者⏹Bar code条形码⏹Bar code reader条形码读卡器⏹Bus总线⏹Bandwidth带宽⏹Bluetooth蓝牙⏹Broadband宽带⏹Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务⏹cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序⏹cookies信息记录程序⏹cracker解密高手⏹cumulative trauma disorder积累性损伤错乱⏹Cybercash电子现金⏹Cyberspace计算机空间⏹cynic愤世嫉俗者⏹Cables连线⏹Cell单元箱⏹Chain printer链式打印机⏹Character and recognition device字符标识识别设备⏹Chart图表⏹Chassis支架⏹Chip芯片⏹Clarity清晰度⏹Closed architecture封闭式体系结构⏹Column列⏹Combination key结合键⏹computer competency计算机能力⏹connectivity连接，结点⏹Continuous-speech recognition system连续语言识别系统⏹Channel信道⏹Chat group谈话群组⏹chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) ]氯氟甲烷⏹Client客户端⏹Coaxial cable同轴电缆⏹cold site冷网站⏹Commerce servers商业服务器⏹Communication channel信道⏹Communication systems信息系统⏹Compact disc rewritable⏹Compact disc光盘⏹computer abuse amendments act of 19941994计算机滥用法案⏹computer crime计算机犯罪⏹computer ethics计算机道德⏹computer fraud and abuse act of 1986计算机欺诈和滥用法案⏹computer matching and privacy protection actof 1988计算机查找和隐私保护法案⏹Computer network计算机网络⏹computer support specialist计算机支持专家⏹computer technician计算机技术人员⏹computer trainer计算机教师⏹Connection device连接设备⏹Connectivity连接⏹Consumer-to-consumer个人对个人⏹Control unit操纵单元⏹Cordless or wireless mouse无线鼠标⏹Cable modems有线调制解调器⏹carpal tunnel syndrome腕骨神经综合症⏹CD-ROM可记录光盘⏹CD-RW可重写光盘⏹CD-R可记录压缩光盘⏹Disk磁碟⏹Distributed data processing system分部数据处理系统⏹Distributed processing分布处理⏹Domain code域代码⏹Downloading下载⏹DVD 数字化通用磁盘⏹DVD-R 可写DVD⏹DVD-RAM DVD随机存取器⏹DVD-ROM 只读DVD⏹Database数据库⏹database files数据库文件⏹Database manager数据库管理⏹Data bus数据总线⏹Data projector数码放映机⏹Desktop system unit台式电脑系统单元⏹Destination file目标文件⏹Dumb terminal非智能终端⏹data security数据安全⏹Data transmission specifications数据传输说明⏹database administrator数据库管理员⏹Dataplay数字播放器⏹Demodulation解调⏹denial of service attack拒绝服务攻击⏹Dial-up service拨号服务⏹Digital cash数字现金⏹Digital signals数字信号⏹Digital subscriber line数字用户线路⏹Digital versatile disc数字化通用磁盘⏹Digital video disc数字化视频光盘⏹Direct access直接存取⏹Directory search目录搜索⏹disaster recovery plan灾难恢复计划⏹Disk caching磁盘驱动器高速缓存⏹Diskette磁盘⏹Digital cameras数码照相机⏹Digital notebooks数字笔记本⏹Digital bideo camera数码摄影机⏹Discrete-speech recognition system不连续语言识别系统⏹Document文档⏹document files文档文件⏹Dot-matrix printer点矩阵式打印机⏹Dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器⏹environment环境⏹Erasable optical disks可擦除式光盘⏹ergonomics人类工程学⏹ethics道德规范⏹External modem外置调制解调器⏹extranet企业外部网⏹e-book电子阅读器⏹Expansion cards扩展卡⏹electronic commerce电子商务⏹electronic communications privacy act of1986电子通信隐私法案⏹encrypting加密术⏹energy star能源之星⏹Enterprise computing企业计算化⏹end user终端用户⏹e-cash电子现金⏹e-commerce电子商务⏹electronic cash电子现金⏹Floppy-disk cartridge磁盘盒⏹Formatting格式化⏹freedom of information act of 1970信息自由法案⏹frequency频率⏹frustrated受挫折⏹Full-duplex communication全双通通信⏹Fax machine传真机⏹Field域⏹Find搜索⏹FireWire port火线端口⏹Firmware固件⏹Flash RAM闪存⏹Flatbed scanner台式扫描器⏹Flat-panel monitor纯平显示器⏹floppy disk软盘⏹filter过滤⏹firewall防火墙⏹firewall防火墙⏹Fixed disk固定硬盘⏹Flash memory闪存⏹Flexible disk可折叠磁盘⏹Floppies磁盘⏹Formatting toolbar格式化工具条⏹Formula公式⏹Function函数⏹fair credit reporting act of 1970公平信用报告法案⏹Fiber-optic cable光纤电缆⏹File compression文件压缩⏹File decompression文件解压缩⏹green pc绿色个人计算机⏹Grop by 排序⏹General-purpose application通用运用程序⏹Gigahertz千兆赫⏹Graphic tablet绘图板⏹Hard-disk pack硬盘组⏹Head crash磁头碰撞⏹header标题⏹help desk specialist帮助办公专家⏹helper applications帮助软件⏹Hierarchical network层次型网络⏹history file历史文件⏹handheld computer手提电脑⏹Hard copy硬拷贝⏹hard disk硬盘⏹hardware硬件⏹Help帮助⏹hits匹配记录⏹horizontal portal横向用户⏹hot site热网站⏹Hybrid network混合网络⏹Host computer主机⏹Home page主页⏹Hyperlink超链接⏹hacker黑客⏹Half-duplex communication半双通通信⏹Hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒⏹information pushers信息推送器⏹initializing 初始化⏹instant messaging计时信息⏹internal hard disk内置硬盘⏹Internet hard drive 网络硬盘驱动器⏹intranet企业内部网⏹Image capturing device图像获取设备⏹information technology信息技术⏹Ink-jet printer墨水喷射印刷机⏹Integrated package综合性组件⏹Intelligent terminal智能终端设备⏹Intergrated circuit集成电路⏹Interface cards接口卡⏹illusion of anonymity匿名幻想⏹index search索引搜索⏹Internal modem内部调制解调器⏹internet telephony网络电话⏹internet terminal互联网终端⏹Identification识别⏹drive网络硬盘驱动器⏹joystick操纵杆⏹keyword search关键字搜索⏹laser printer激光打印机⏹Layout files版式文件⏹Light pen光笔⏹Locate定位⏹lurking潜伏⏹Logical operations逻辑运算⏹Lands凸面⏹Line of sight communication视影通信⏹Low bandwidth低带宽计算机英语名词解释⏹ADIMM（Advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules，高级双重内嵌式内存模块）⏹AMR（Audio／Modem Riser，音效／调制解调器主机板附加直立插卡）⏹AHA（Accelerated Hub Architecture，加速中心架构）⏹ASK IR（Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red，长波形可移动输入红外线）⏹ATX（AT Extend，扩展型AT）⏹BIOS（Basic Input/Output System，基本输入/输出系统）⏹CSE（Configuration Space Enable，可分配空间）⏹DB（Device Bay，设备插架）⏹DMI（Desktop Management Interface，桌面管理接口）⏹EB（Expansion Bus，扩展总线）⏹EISA（Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture，增强形工业标准架构）⏹EMI（Electromagnetic Interference，电磁干扰）⏹ESCD（Extended System Configuration Data，可扩展系统配置数据）⏹FBC（Frame Buffer Cache，帧缓冲缓存）⏹FireWire（火线，即IEEE1394标准）⏹FSB（Front Side Bus，前置总线，即外部总线）⏹FWH（Firmware Hub，固件中心）⏹GMCH（Graphics & Memory Controller Hub，图形和内存控制中心）⏹GPIs（General Purpose Inputs，普通操作输入）⏹ICH（Input/Output Controller Hub，输入/输出控制中心）⏹IR（Infrared Ray，红外线）⏹IrDA（Infrared Ray，红外线通信接口可进行局域网存取和文件共享）⏹ISA（Industry Standard Architecture，工业标准架构）⏹ISA（Instruction Set Architecture，工业设置架构）⏹MDC（Mobile Daughter Card，移动式子卡）⏹MRH-R（Memory Repeater Hub，内存数据处理中心）⏹MRH-S（SDRAM Repeater Hub，SDRAM数据处理中心）⏹MTH（Memory Transfer Hub，内存转换中心）⏹NGIO（Next Generation Input/Output，新一代输入/输出标准）⏹P64H（64-bit PCI Controller Hub，64位PCI控制中心）⏹PCB（Printed Circuit Board，印刷电路板）⏹PCBA（Printed Circuit Board Assembly，印刷电路板装配）⏹PCI（Peripheral Component Interconnect，互连外围设备）⏹PCI SIG（Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group，互连外围设备专业组）⏹POST（Power On Self Test，加电自测试）⏹RNG（Random number Generator，随机数字发生器）⏹RTC（Real Time Clock，实时时钟）⏹KBC（KeyBroad Control，键盘控制器）⏹SAP（Sideband Address Port，边带寻址端口）⏹SBA（Side Band Addressing，边带寻址）⏹SMA（Share Memory Architecture，共享内存结构）⏹STD（Suspend To Disk，磁盘唤醒）⏹STR（Suspend To RAM，内存唤醒）⏹SVR（Switching V oltage Regulator，交换式电压调节）⏹USB（Universal Serial Bus，通用串行总线）⏹USDM（Unified System Diagnostic Manager，统一系统监测管理器）⏹VID（Voltage Identification Definition，电压识别认证）⏹VRM （V oltage Regulator Module，电压调整模块）⏹ZIF（Zero Insertion Force ，零插力）⏹主板技术⏹ACOPS（Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System，CPU过热预防系统）⏹SIV（System Information Viewer，系统信息观察）⏹ESDJ（Easy Setting Dual Jumper，简化CPU双重跳线法）⏹UPT（USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口）⏹芯片组⏹ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface，先进设置和电源管理）⏹AGP（Accelerated Graphics Port，图形加速接口）⏹I/O（Input/Output，输入/输出）⏹MIOC（Memory and I/O Bridge Controller，内存和I/O桥控制器）⏹NBC（North Bridge Chip，北桥芯片）⏹PIIX（PCI ISA/IDE Accelerator，加速器）⏹PSE36（Page Size Extension 36－bit，36位页面尺寸扩展模式）⏹PXB（PCI Expander Bridge，PCI增强桥）⏹RCG（RAS/CAS Generator，RAS/CAS发生器）⏹SBC（South Bridge Chip，南桥芯片）⏹SMB（System Management Bus，全系统管理总线）⏹SPD（Serial Presence Detect，内存内部序号检测装置）⏹SSB（Super South Bridge，超级南桥芯片）⏹TDP（Triton Data Path，数据路径）⏹TSC（Triton System Controller，系统控制器）⏹QPA（Quad Port Acceleration，四接口加速）⏹ASIC（Application Specific Integrated Circuit，特殊应用积体电路）⏹ASC（Auto-Sizing and Centering，自动调效屏幕尺寸和中心位置）⏹ASC（Anti Static Coatings，防静电涂层）⏹AGAS（Anti Glare Anti Static Coatings，防强光、防静电涂层）⏹BLA（Bearn Landing Area，电子束落区）⏹BMC（Black Matrix Screen，超黑矩阵屏幕）⏹CRC（Cyclical Redundancy Check，循环冗余检查）⏹CRT（Cathode Ray Tube，阴极射线管）⏹DDC（Display Data Channel，显示数据通道）⏹DEC（Direct Etching Coatings，表面蚀刻涂层）⏹DFL（Dynamic Focus Lens，动态聚焦）⏹DFS（Digital Flex Scan，数字伸缩扫描）⏹DIC（Digital Image Control，数字图像控制）⏹Digital Multiscan II（数字式智能多频追踪）⏹DLP（Digital Light Processing，数字光处理）⏹DOSD（Digital On Screen Display，同屏数字化显示）⏹DPMS（Display Power Management Signalling，显示能源管理信号）⏹Dot Pitch（点距）⏹DQL（Dynamic Quadrapole Lens，动态四极镜）⏹DSP（Digital Signal Processing，数字信号处理）⏹EFEAL（Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens，可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头）⏹FRC（Frame Rate Control，帧比率控制）⏹HVD（High Voltage Differential，高分差动）⏹LCD（liquid crystal display，液晶显示屏）⏹LCOS（Liquid Crystal On Silicon，硅上液晶）⏹LED（light emitting diode，光学二级管）⏹L-SAGIC（Low Power-Small Aperture G1 wiht Impregnated Cathode，低电压光圈阴极管）⏹LVD（Low Voltage Differential，低分差动）⏹LVDS（Low V oltage Differential Signal，低电压差动信号）⏹MALS（Multi Astigmatism Lens System，多重散光聚焦系统）⏹MDA（Monochrome Adapter，单色设备）⏹MS（Magnetic Sensors，磁场感应器）⏹Porous Tungsten（活性钨）⏹RSDS（Reduced Swing Differential Signal，小幅度摆动差动信号）⏹SC（Screen Coatings，屏幕涂层）⏹Single Ended（单终结）⏹Shadow Mask（阴罩式）⏹TDT（Timeing Detection Table，数据测定表）⏹TICRG（Tungsten Impregnated Cathode Ray Gun，钨传输阴级射线枪）⏹TFT（Thin Film Transistor，薄膜晶体管）⏹UCC（Ultra Clear Coatings，超清晰涂层）⏹V AGP（Variable Aperature Grille Pitch，可变间距光栅）⏹VBI（Vertical Blanking Interval，垂直空白间隙）⏹VDT（Video Display Terminals，视频显示终端）⏹VRR（Vertical Refresh Rate，垂直扫描频率）计算机函数数据库#include <iostream.h>class Myclas{private:int m-number;publicvoid setNumber(int number){m-number = number;}int getNumber(){return m-number}};void showMe(){cout<<"我是一个类"<<endl;}};void main (){Myclass mc;//mc.m_number=10;mc.setNumber(10);cout<<mc.showMe()<<endl;}⏹AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port) －图形加速接口⏹Access Time－存取时间⏹Address-地址⏹ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会⏹ASCII （American Standard Code for Information Interchange）⏹Async SRAM-异步静态内存⏹BSB (Backside Bus)⏹Bandwidth－带宽⏹Bank －内存库⏹Bank Schema －存储体规划⏹Base Rambus －初级的Rambus内存⏹Baud －波特⏹BGA (Ball Grid Array)－球状引脚栅格阵列封装技术⏹Binary －二进制⏹BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) －基本输入/输出系统⏹Bit－位、比特⏹BLP－底部引出塑封技术⏹Buffer－缓冲区⏹Buffered Memory－带缓冲的内存⏹BEDO (Burst EDO RAM) －突发模式EDO随机存储器⏹Burst Mode－突发模式⏹Bus－总线⏹Bus Cycle－总线周期⏹Byte－字节⏹Cacheability－高速缓存能力⏹Cache Memory－高速缓存存储器⏹CAS (Column Address Strobe)－列地址选通脉冲⏹CL（CAS Latency ）－列地址选通脉冲时间延迟⏹CDRAM （Cache DRAM）－快取动态随机存储器⏹Checksum－检验和，校验和⏹Chipset－芯片组⏹Chip-Scale Package (CSP)－芯片级封装⏹Compact Flash－紧凑式闪存⏹Concurrent Rambus－并发式总线式内存⏹Continuity RIMM (C-RIMM)－连续性总线式内存模组⏹CMOS（Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semicomductor）－互补金属氧化物半导体用于晶体管⏹CPU (Central Processing Unit)－中央处理单元⏹Credit Card Memory －信用卡内存⏹DDR(Double Data Rate SDRAM)－双数据输出同步动态存储器。