4五选四+任务型阅读.知识精讲(2013-2014)

2014年中考解决方案——五选四+任务型阅读
五选四+ 任务型阅读
2014年中考怎么考
1.能够熟练掌握五选四的技巧
2.能够熟练掌握任务型阅读的主要的技巧与易错点
命题人怎么想
五选四是即“阅读短文，还原句子”重点考查考生根据上下文理解判断句际间逻辑关系的能力，阅读材料文字较少且易、情节单一，选项干扰低，为较易篇章和试题。

任务型阅读即“阅读短文，回答问题”文字量较大，考查方式为主观性问题，对部分书面表达能力较低的考生而言是中偏难题。

满分必备攻略
五选四内容
五选四难度不大，难度相当于阅读B篇或阅读与表达。

讲解解题步骤：
Step 1读懂第一段，弄清文章的主题内容。

Step 2抓住两个原则：第一，找线索不出本段。

第二，首尾段照应。

Step 3解题步骤：仔细观察空格的位置，一般有三种情况：
第一，如果空格在段落的第一句，那么要求我们选择的就是这一段的主题句。

这一段其它句子之间的逻辑关系（指代、并列、转折、因果…），以及这些句子之间的共同点（哪些名词或概念重复提到）都会为我们提供答案的线索。

第二，如果空格在段落的中间，首先需要关注空格与前后两句话的关系，然后关注空格与这一段第一句话的关系即可。

第三，如果空格在段落的最后一句，首先需要关注它和前几句话的关系，然后考虑空格与本段第一句的照应关系。

Step 4 在讲解过程中，一定要督促学生边读题边划出空格前后句子中与选项中对应的名词、代词和同义词。

注意：一定让每个学生课后把文章中的每一句话嚼透, 督促学生在仔细研究这一套题的规律的基础上，反复练习Step 2。

而不要只关注和背诵答案。

文章中斜体加黑的词为重点的词汇，可以让学生直观了解与记忆词汇。

Passage 1
Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork. It can make you confident when you are studying. (60)____________________
If yo ur teacher writes notes on the blackboard, that's great. You can copy them or write down the most important facts of all in class. (61) ____________________ For example, some teachers may focus on (关注) lots of dates and facts in class, but they only write the important ones on the blackboard. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat them.
Don't try to write down every word in class, or you might miss some important points. Some students really learn better with the help of these notes. (62) ____________________ If your teacher speaks too fast and you can't follow what he is saying, you can ask him after class.
Comparing your notes with your classmates' can be good for your learning. (63) ____________________ Note-taking also needs organization. Keep notes for each subject in one place, so that you can find everything easily when a test comes.
Good note-taking takes time. If you decide to recopy your notes every evening, you'll surely have less time to watch TV. But you'll save time in the coming test. (207)
A. It will help you and your classmates correct some mistakes.
B. However, most students don't know how to take notes.
C. Don't be afraid to ask your teacher to repeat what you've missed.
D. Surely, you will understand what the teacher means.
E. Different teachers do things differently.
Passage 2
Mark was going home after school one day. He saw a boy in front of him fall down, and there were many things on the ground--- two sweaters, a basketball and a walkman. Mark stopped and helped the boy pick up those things and smiled to him. Since they were going the same way, 60 When they walked, Mark knew that the boy's name was Bill, and he loved computer games, basketball and history. But he was not good at his other subjects, and that he had broken up with his girlfriend last week.
They arrived at Bill's home and Bill gave Mark some Coke 61 ,and the afternoon passed happily with a few laughs and some small talks. Then Mark went home. They often saw each other at school and they had lunch together. When they finished middle school, 62
One day, Bill asked Mark to have a talk. Bill asked Mark if he still remembered the first time they met." Did you ever think why I was carrying so many things home that day?" asked Bill. "I decided to go home to kill myself. But when you smiled to me and helped me pick up those books, especially after we spent some time together talking and laughing that afternoon, 63 You saved me."
A. I gave up that idea
B. Then they watched TV
C. But they're good friends
D. they went to the same college
E. he helped to carry some of the things
Passage 3
One day, my friend Judy called and told me that she was going to join an oil painting class on Friday evenings. 60 . I was hesitant (犹豫) to join her because I had never painted before. But she encouraged me to join the class just for fun. Finally I agreed.[来源:
The first day in the class we met our teacher, Mr. Chou, who just came back from France. 61 and told us some knowledge about art history. He said, “I know most of you have no experience in painting, but in fact everyone is an artist and every one can draw or paint. Don’t lose your heart! Just do it!”
62 . We also painted the most beautiful and the ugliest things in our minds. When I was painting, I forgot everything that I worried about. Sometimes I even forgot the time.
Mr. Chou not only opened the door of art for me but also gave me a way to broaden (拓宽) my life. I started to borrow art books from the library and visit museums in my free time. 63 .
Every painting shows the artist’s personality and feelings. After I started to paint, I felt my dried-out brain began receiving a new source(资源) of refreshing water.
A. We started to paint the things we liked or hated
B. She asked me to join the class together with her
C. I’m not really good at painting, but I certainly enjoy it
D. Mr. Chou was strict with Judy, so she made great progress
E. He showed us a lot of pictures of paintings all around the world
任务型阅读
解题步骤：
1. 先看懂问题，明白问题的关键所在。

2. 带着问题看文章，找到问题所在的段落或重要的句子
3. 把问题和找到的段落和句子有机的整合在一起，这就是表达的过程。

注意：第1-4题：惜墨如金，能少则少；第5题：挥洒泼墨，能多则多
注意事项：
1.一般疑问句的回答为：Yes或No即可，注意一定要句点号。

2.选择疑问句：回答的时候要选or前后结构一致的部分，选一项回答即可。

3.特殊疑问句：When: 介词+时间/ when+句子；Where: 介词+地点；why: Because+句子/ Because of +
词、短语；How: By +doing; what: 句子、短语与词。

（注意：一定不要丢掉介词）
4.How many 的回答为：数字（注意：about, more/less than等）
5.How long的回答为：for + 一段时间；since + 时间点。

6.时态（什么时态问，什么时态答）
7.人称（问题中与原文中人称不同）
8.陈述语序。

9.第一个字母大写。

10. 最后一道试题：
第一种情况：当问句为What is the passage mainly about? 回答要点通常包括what sth. is; how to do; the importance/ history/ advantage of sth.
第二种情况：当问句中包含tell; purpose; learn from回答要点通常包括opinions about; To give suggestions about sth.; how to do; sb. should do
Passage 1
Confidence is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude. A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chance to make themselves successful. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions:
Speak loud When you are not confident, you can’t do well what you want to do. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.
Play sports Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the da y to see how many things you have done
well. Did you finish your homework? Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh? Give yourself praise for the good things you’ve done.
Get rid of (消除) fear Fear comes along with failure. But it’s easy to overcome(克服) if you know that failure is part of your life. Don’t hide your head just because you said something stupid last time. Try to start again and believe you can do better.
Pick up a hobby If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.
64.Is confidence important in daily life?
65.How many suggestions can help you to be more confident?
66.Which can help you be more confident, speak in a low voice or speak loud?
67.How can you encourage yourself?
68.What’s the passage mainly about?
Passage 2
Have you heard the expression “You are what you eat”? Well, do you like who you are? If not, break some bad eating habits and feel better about yourself.
Bad habit 1:
Many people often eat packaged ( = in small bags) foods at their work places, such as frozen dumplings, rice rolls and instant noodles (方便面), which have lots of fat and calories (热量).
The solution (解答): Read the instructions to find the healthiest foods that are low in salt and high in fiber (纤维). Also check to make sure they have ingredients (混合物) such as vegetables and grains (粮食). When possible, use packaged foods as part of a “home-cooked” meal. For ex ample, frozen dumplings with fresh vegetables are better than dumplings alone.
Bad habit 2:
People without breakfast don’t have enough energy they need to get through the morning. Eating breakfast improves your attention, memory and feelings.
The solution: Always keep a kind of quick foods like yogurt (酸奶). Or have a standing order at a breakfast place.
Bad habit 3:
It takes your body at least 20 minutes to “tell” your brain that you are full, so fast eaters usually eat more than people who eat slowly.
The solution: Try to slow down. Try eating at least some of your meals without TV, hand phones or computers. Use a plate or bowl when you eat.
Bad habit 4:
Healthy snacks (小吃) between meals are fine. But when you snack instead of having real meals, you will not eat your meals regularly. And snack foods such as chips and sweets aren’t very healthy. That makes it easy to overeat.
The solution: To get more energy, allow yourself two healthy snacks a day. Choose snacks that will make you feel full. Try fruit, yogurt or nuts.
As we all know, bad habits can be broken. Take the first step toward a healthier eating habit — start following these tips today!
64. Is the passage about eating habits?
65. What are the healthiest packaged foods?
66. How long does it take your body to tell your brain that you are full?
67. How can you eat snacks healthily?
68. What are the bad eating habits mentioned in the passage?
Passage 3
When you step into a new environment, you must have a strong wish to fit in. Fitting in means making more friends，having more influence on others and getting more chances to live a happier life. Here is some advice that can help you.
Be confident. Confidence attracts most people. Everyone is special and there is only one person like you in this world. Spend some time thinking about your strong points. If so, you will be able to build up confidence step by step. You won’t have much difficulty fitting in.
Be kind to everyone. Kindness is the bridge to your own happiness. When people notice your kindness，they will return it one day. Always give more than you receive，and think more of others than of yourself. A person who cares for others is popular everywhere.
Be active in group activities. Various activities like playing football can help you to be known to others. You may add more friends to your circle. At the same time, you’ll be amazed to see how much they like you. Instead of being alone to waste time, going out to dance and singing together with others to develop friendship.
Be optimistic. Optimism makes both you and others feel pleased. It makes a good first impression. A pleasant smile costs the least and does the most. Humor catches others’ attention as well. People will like you for making them live happily.
If you follow what is mentioned above, you will be accepted by people around you. As a result, you will fit in very well and enjoy your new life.
64. Is it necessary for a new comer to make more friends around?
65. What should we do, giving more than receiving or receiving more than giving?
66. Why should we take part in various activities?
68. How many pieces of advice are given altogether?
68. What do you think of the word “Optimism” ?
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