2017年12月英语四级真题答案及解析(第三套)
2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（卷三）
2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（卷三）第一篇：2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(卷三)2017年12月大学英语四级真题答案部分(第三套)Part I Writing(25 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationshop between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Her friend Erika.C)Her grandfather.B)Her little brother.D)Her grandmother.2.A)By taking pictures for passers-by.C)By selling lemonade and pictures.B)By working part time at a hospital.D)By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B)Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C)Providing clean energy to five million people.D)Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4.A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C)They are only about half an inch thick.D)They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on thenews report you have just heard.5.A)Endless fighting in the region.C)Inadequate funding for research.B)The hazards from the desert.D)The lack of clues about the species.6.A)To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B)T o identify the reasons for the lions‟ disappearance.C)To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D)To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7.A)Lions walking.C)Some camping facilities.B)Lions‟tracks.D)Traps set by local huntersSection BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)Her …lucky birthday‟.C)Her wedding anniversary.B)A call from her dad.D)A special gift from the man.9.A)Gave her a big model plane.C)Took her on a trip overseas.B)Bought her a good necklace.D)Threw her a surprise party.10.A)The gift her husband has bought.B)The trip her husband has planned.C)What has been troubling her husband.D)What her husband and the man are up to.11.A)He will be glad to be a guide for the couple‟s holiday trip.B)He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C)He is eager to learn how the couple‟s holiday turns out.D)He wants to find out about the couple‟s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B)They see the importance of making compromises.C)They know when to adopt a toughattitude.D)They take the rival‟s attitude into account.13.A)They know how to adapt.C)They know when to make compromises.B)They know when to stop.D)They know how to control their emotion.14.A)They are patient.C)They learn quickly.B)They are good at expression.D)They uphold their principles.15.A)Make clear one's intentions.C)Formulate one's strategy.B)Clarify items of negotiation.D)Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C), D).Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)When America's earliest space program started.B)When the International Space Station was built.C)How many space shuttle missions there will be.D)How space research benefits people on Earth.17.A)They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C)They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.D)They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18.A)They are extremely accurate.C)They were first made in space.B)They are expensive to make.D)They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)It was when her ancestors came to America.B)People had plenty of land to cultivatethen.C)It marked the beginning of something new.D)Everything was natural and genuine then.20.A)They believed in working for goals.C)They had all kinds of entertainment.B)They enjoyed living a living a life of ease.D)They were known to be creative.21.A)Chatting with her ancestors.C)Polishing all the silver work.B)Furnishing her country house.D)Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)Use a map to identify your location.C)Sit down and try to calm yourself.B)Call your family or friends for help.D)Try to follow your footprints back.23.A)You may find a way out without your knowing it.B)You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C)You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D)You may end up entering a wonderland.24.A)Look for food.C)Start a fire.B)Wait patiently.D)Walk uphill.25.A)Inform somebody of your plan.C)Check the local weather.B)Prepare enough food and drink.D)Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)暂缺Part Ⅳ Translation(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第3套)
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明：由于2017年四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.We are know there exists a great void（空白）in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competition. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $ 5 million in 2014 to $ 10 million in 2915, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, “Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young ago to understand that engineering is a great 35 .”A) attracted I) feedingB) career J) graduatingC) championships K) interestD) degrees L) levelsE) developing M) localF) enroll N) operatesG) exposure O) participatedH) feasibleSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren’t you curious about what happened?A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why didn’t you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场) yourself?” The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. “I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points for one’s party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is ‘Yes’. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E) We are suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity” was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who “were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of.” Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H) Moreover, in order to be curious, “you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place.” Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don’t know, he’s surely right to point out that the problem is growing: “Google can give us the powerful illusion that a questions have definite answers.”I) Indeed, Google, for which Leslie express admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊).He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the “perfect search engine” will “understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: “Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether.”J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes’s justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: “One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon’s entertainment.” If only!K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: “Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated an upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on. M) Although Leslie’s book isn’t about politics, he doesn’t entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leader of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.N) He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns” were mistaken. Rumsfeld’s idea, Leslie writes, “wasn’t absurd—it was smart.” He adds, “The tragedy is that he didn’t follow his own advice.”O) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious.I leave it to the reader’s political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let’s be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn’t particularly want to know.36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don’t know.37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’s success.38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge’s sake.39. Political leaders’ lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40. There are often accusations about politicians’ and the media’s lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people’s declining curiosity.45. Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understand that aging is curable.”“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”46. What do people generally believe about aging?A) It should cause not alarm whatsoever.B) They just cannot do anything about it.C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.D) They can delay it with advances in science.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated.B) It can be as risky as heart disease.C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.D) It is an irreversible biological process.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B) Aging is hardly separable from disease.C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring(指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead tosome recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题第三套答案详解
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第3套)Part I Writing审题思路近年来关于医患关系问题的讨论非常热烈，学生对这一话题并不陌生。
对于如何处理好医患关系(how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients)可以从宏观角度进行讨论，如政府应该如何做；也可以从微观角度入手，即医生和患者应该怎么做，从而进一步转化成人与人之间的相处之道，如理解、信任等，再结合医患关系讨论即可。
这样处理，相对前者要简单许多。
当然，考生可以根据自己的认知和英语水平等实际情况，使自己的文章最大可能地出彩。
写作提纲一、开门见山，提出观点：医患关系负面新闻居多(negative news)，但我认为通过相互理解可以和谐相处(get along harmoniously)二、从医生和患者两个角度分析各自的立场1.病人求医时是无助和忧虑的(helpless and worried)，因此医生的态度至关重要(critically important)2.医生面对众多患者(face so many patients)，连休息时间都没有3.站在对方立场思考问题(stand in each other’s shoes)则多数问题都能得以解决，否则会引起冲突(result in conflicts)三、得出结论：处理医患关系的良方是相互理解和信任(mutual understanding and trust)范文点评全文翻译相互理解最重要当我们谈论医患关系时，进入我脑海的多是负面新闻。
然而，我相信医生和患者是可以做到和谐相处的，那就是靠相互理解。
一方面，病人到医院看病的时候是无助的、忧虑的。
因此，医生的态度或反馈对他们及其家人而言至关重要。
另一方面，医生每天要面对太多病人，以至于连休息时间都没有。
这种高强度的工作会把人逼疯。
因此，如果他们都能够站在对方的立场上思考问题，大多数问题就会迎刃而解。
2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(三)
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（三）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 特别说明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重复给出。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.We all know there exists a great void (空白) in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math,science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, “Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 .”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren’t you curious about what happened?A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ challenged National FootballLeague Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why didn’t you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场) yourself?” The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion that there issomething wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. “I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem.Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points for one’s party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and WhyYour Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is ‘Yes’. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E) We are suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity” was coined byHorace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who “were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of.” Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation andentrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as aspecies.G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing lesscurious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H) Moreover, in order to be curious, “you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the firstplace.” Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he’s surely right to point out that the problem is growing: “Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers.”I) Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊).He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the “perfect search engine” will “understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: “Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether.”J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes’s justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: “One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment.” If only!K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work.Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor – and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: “Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lackof knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on. M) Although Leslie’s book isn't about politics, he doesn’t entirely shy away from the problem.Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.N) He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns” were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, “wasn't absurd – it was smart.” He adds, “The tragedy is that he didn’t follow his own advice.”O) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious.I leave it to the reader’s political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let’sbe careful about demanding curiosity about the other side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake – even when what we find out is something we didn’t particularly want to know.36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don’t know.37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’s success.38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge’s sake.39. Political leaders’ lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40. There are often accusations about politicians’ and the media’s lack of curiosity to find out thetruth.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people’sdeclining curiosity.45. Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease”.On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”46. What do people generally believe about aging?A) It should cause no alarm whatsoever.C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.B) They just cannot do anything about it.D) They can delay it with advances in science.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated.C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.B) It can be as risky as heart disease.D) It is an irreversible biological process.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”？A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.B) Aging is hardly separable from disease.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, beit at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月英语四级真题及答案(卷三).doc
2017年12月英语四级真题Part I Writing(25 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relati on ship betwee n pare nts and childre n.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections:ln this section’you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre・Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Her friend Erika.C)Her grandfather.B)Her little brother.D)Her grandmother.2.A)By taking pictures for passers-by.C)By selling lemonade and pictures・B)By working part time at a hospital.D)By asking for help on social media・Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3・A)Finding cheaper ways of highway con struct! on.B)Generating electric power for passing vehicles・C)Providing clean energy to five million people.D)Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4.A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements・B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C)They are only about half an inch thick.D)They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)E ndless fighting in the regio n.C)ln adequate fun ding for research.B)The hazards from the desert.D)The lack of clues about the species・6.A)To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B)To ident讦y the reasons for the lions' disappearanee.C)To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia・D)To fi nd evide nee of the existe nee of the "lost li ons” .7.A)Lions walking.C)Some camping facilities.B)Lions' tracks.D)Traps set by local huntersSection BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question’you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard・8.A)Her Mucky birthday"・C)Her wedding anniversary・B) A call from her dad.D)A special gift from the man.9.A)Gave her a big model plane.C)Took her on a trip overseas・B)Bought her a good necklace.D)Threw her a surprise party.10.A)The gift her husband has bought・B)The trip her husband has planned.C)What has been troubling her husband.D)What her husband and the man are up to.11.A)He will be glad to be a guide for the couple? s holiday trip・B)He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C)He is eager to learn how the couple' s holiday turns out・D)He wants to find out about the couple' s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard・12.A)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B)They see the importanee of making compromises.C)They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D)They take the rival' s attitude into account・13.A)They know how to adapt.C)They know when to make compromises.B)They know when to stop.D)They know how to control their emotion.14.A)They are patient.C)They learn quickly.B)They are good at expression.D)They uphold their principles.15.A)Make clear one's intentions.C)Formulate one's strategy・B)Clarify items of negotiation.D)Get to know the other side.Section CDirections:ln this section’you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),D).Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard・16.A)When America's earliest space program started.B)When the In ter national Space Stati on was built ・C)How many space shuttle missions there will be.D)How space research benefits people on Earth・17.A)They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space・C)They tried to meet astronauts'specific requirements.D)They tried to make best use of the latest tech no logy.18.A)They are extremely accurate.C)They were first made in space・B)They are expe nsive to make.D)They were inven ted in the 1970s ・Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard・19.A)lt was when her ancestors came to America.B)People had plenty of la nd to cultivate the n.C)lt marked the beginning of something new・D)Everything was natural and genuine then.20.A)They believed in working for goals.C)They had all kinds of entertainment.B)They enjoyed living a living a life of ease.D)They were known to be creative.21.A)Chatting with her ancestors.C)Polishing all the silver work・B)Furnishing her country house.D)Doing needlework by the fire・Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)Use a map to identify your location.C)Sit down and try to calm yourself.B)Call your family or friends for help.D)Try to follow your footprints back・23.A)You may find a way out without your knowing it.B)You may expose yourself to unexpected dan gers ・C)You may get drowned in a sudden flood・D)You may end up entering a wonderland.24.A)Look for food.C)Start a fire.B)Wait patiently.D)Walk uphill.25.A)lnform somebody of your plan.C)Check the local weather.B)Prepare eno ugh food and drin k.D) Find a map and a compass ・PartlllReading Comprehension(40 minutes)PartrV z Translation(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黃山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套
2017年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)特别说明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重复给出。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.We all know there exists a great void (空白) in the public educational system when it comes to26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math,science and engineering programs to28 my own kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she thenexpanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, “Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a youngage to u nderstand that engineering is a great 35 .”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren’t you curious about what happened?A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why didn’t you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场) yourself?” The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. “I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lackof curiosity is a problem. Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points for one’s party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is ‘Yes’. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E) We are suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity” was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who “were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of.” Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, a mong other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as aspecies.G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H) Moreover, in order to be curious, “you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place.” Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he’s surely right to point out that the problem is growing: “Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers.”I) Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊).He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the “perfect search engine” will “understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: “Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether.”J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes’s justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: “One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment.” If only!K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor –and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: “Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.M) Although Leslie’s book isn't about politics, he doesn’t entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.N) He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns” were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, “wasn't absurd –it was smart.” He adds, “The tragedy is that he didn’t follow his own advice.”O) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader’s political preference to decide which, if any, charges shou ld stick. But let’s be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its ownsake –even when what we find out is something we didn’t p articularly want to know.36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don’t know.37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’s success.38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge’s sa ke.39. Political leaders’ lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40. There are often accusations about politicians’ and the media’s lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people’s declining curiosity.45. Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease”.On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.” 46. What do people generally believe about aging?A) It should cause no alarm whatsoever. C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.B) They just cannot do anything about it. D) They can delay it with advances in science.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated. C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.B) It can be as risky as heart disease. D) It is an irreversible biological process.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”？A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged. C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.B) Aging is hardly separable from disease. D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the cand idate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, beit at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套)
2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套) 四级听力第一套：News Report 1A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.” That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!"1: Who did Addison raise the money for?2: How did Addison raise the money?1.D) Her little brother.2.B) By selling lemonade and pictures.News Report 2:Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. Called the Ward Way, the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The companyspent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of the existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. France is the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.3: What was France’s purpose of constructing the Ward Way?4: What is special about the solar panels used in the Ward Way?3.B) Providing clean energy to five million people.4.C) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.News Report 3Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting with hard evidence the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.5: What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?6: What was the main purpose of the research?7: What did the researchers find in the national park?5.C)Endless fighing in the region.6.D)To find evidence of the lions'disappearance.7.A)Lions'tracks.Conversation OneM: I beg you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Aren’t you?W: Yes, I am. How did you know?M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.W: Oh, yes. That’s right. This year would be my golden birthday.M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.W: I’ve actually just learned of this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turns 9 years old. Come to think of it , my parents did throw her a surprise party that year. M: Intere sting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago.I assumedly got a big plan then.W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s gotten in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?M: He might have.W: Anything you’d like to share? I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned where we’re going.M: Yeah, nothing at all.W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it! Though I must say, I think it has been even more fun keeping the secret for me the past few weeks.M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.8. What does the woman looking forward to?9. W hat did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?10. What is the woman eager to find out about?11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation?8.D) Her "lucky brithday".9.A) Threw her a superise party.10.C) The trip her husband has planned.11.B) He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.Conversation TwoW: Mr. Green, What do you think makes a successful negotiator?M: Well, It does hard to define, but I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people, they are firm, but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive to the dynamics in the negotiation, the way it raises and falls, and how may change the direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.W: And what about an unsuccessful negotiator?M: Well, this probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting, too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast, pool negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations,W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for negotiation. There perhaps six stages in every negotiation, get to know the other side, stay your goals, start the process, clarify there is a disagreement or conflict, reassess your position, making acceptable compromise, and finally reach some agreements and principals. These stages can be studied, and strategies to be used in each can be planned before-hand. But I think the really successfulnegotiator is probably born with the sixth sense that may respond properly to the situation at hand.W: The artistic sense you just described?M: Yes, that’s right12. What’s the man say about good negotiators?13. What does the man say, maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?15. What’s th e first stage of a negation according to the man?12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13. B) They know when to stop.14. C) They learn quickly.15. D) Get to know the other side.Passage OneSome people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on earth. Actually, space technology helps people on earth every day. This is called spin-off technology. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts to use in space. The cordless hand held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, especially made coats and jackets. All the clothes are similar to the space suits designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, in our spin offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways spacetechnology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin off technology from the international space station will help us in the future.16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?17. What did scientist do for the space shuttle missions?18. What does the speaker say about the quartz crystal clocks and watches?16. D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.18. C) They are extremely accurate.Passage TwoWell, if I could get back in history and live, I'd like to get back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee new England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was the preacher traveling around countryside. People lived in small communities. It was fisherman and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food. Unlike today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the puritan tradition not in a religious sense. But they believed in working for something, working for goals. And I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics or the silver works, the furnishings, the combination of elegance simplicity. I'd love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needle work.19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?19. C)It marked the beginning of something new.20. A)They believed working for goals.21. D)Doing needlework by the fire.Passage threeIf you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge concerned with some people called a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you're lost,sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree, and recite something you are memorized to bring your mind to the point where is under control. Don’t run blindly if you must move, don't follow stream unless you know it, and in that case you're not lost. Streams normally flow through wide land before they reach a lake or river though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel it is the wisest to walk up hill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails living back to civilizations. If there are no trails, you're much easier to be seen on top of the hill. And you may even spot the highway or railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way some of you search for you is by air. In the wide lands or in dense grass, we're very hard to spot. Anytime you are going to the woods, somebody should know where you're going, and when you are expected to return, also when someone comes to looking, you should be able to signal to them.22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you're lost in the woods?25. What should you do before you go into the woods?22. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself23. B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.24. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan.四级听力第二套：答案：1.D) It has got one of its injured.2.C) Its videos were posted on social media.3.A) The distance travelled.4.B) Gas consumption is soaring.5.B) He helps a stranger to carry groceries to his car.6.C) He raised a large sum of money for him.7.A) He works hard to support his family.8. A) Attend an economics lecture9. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party10. D) Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration11. B) By train12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.13. C) Working part time as a waiter.14. B) Save enough money..15. A) He has rich sailing experience.16. D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.18. A) Both died of blood cancer.19. C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.20. D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) Thee Viking’s ocean explorations.22. C) Dream about the future.23. B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.24. D) International business.25. B) Be content with what you have.四级阅读第一套：选词填空26. [K] superior27. [D] nuisance28. [M] tip29. [O] visual30. [A] associated31. [F] preventing32. [H] sensitive33. [I] slight34. [C] indicate35. [J] specify匹配题36. [I] Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. [E] Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performances in others courses.38. [C] Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students39. [D] In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. [B] The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. [H] Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42. [G] Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. [F] Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on the type of course being taught.44. [A] The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. [J] Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.仔细阅读46. B They just cannot do anything about it.47. A It might be prevented and treated.48. D It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. C They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.50. A The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.51. C More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.52. C Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.53. B They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.54. D They deleted all information about gender.55. D Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.四级阅读第二套：选词填空We all know there exists a great void（空白）in the public educational system when itcomes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering andMathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do somethingto change this system. Dori taughthigh school engineering for 11 years. Shenoticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 ofthe public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK)after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 myown kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool programwhere children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The clubgrew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program wonseveral state 30 , she decided to devote all her time tocultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginiahome, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within theUnited States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK websitestates, “Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspirekids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 .”26. G exposure27. L levels28. F enroll29. O participated30. C championships31. E developing32. M local33. N operates34. J graduating35. B career匹配题36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all thatthere are many things we don’t know.H）Moreover,in order to be curious , ” you have to aware of a gap in your knowledge in thefirst place.” Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending thatmost of usare unaware of how much we don’t know, he’s surely right to pointout that the problem is gro wing:”Google can give us the powerful illusion thatall questions have definite answers.”37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’ssuccess.D) Thejournalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Yo ur Future Depends on It,insists that the answer to that last question is “Yes”. Leslie argues thatcuriosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and thatwe are losing it.38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge forknowledg e’s sake.O) All of which brings us back to Goodelland the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging,in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious.I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any,charges should stick. But let’s be careful about demanding curiosity about theother side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. Weshould be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we findout is something we didn't particularly want to know.39. Political leaders’ lack of curiosity will result inbad consequences.M) AlthoughLeslie’s book isn’t about politics, he doesn’t entirely shy away from theproblem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should becurious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are seriousconsequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.40. There are often accusations about politicians’ andthe media’s l ack of curiosity to find out the truth.B) Theaccusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestionthat there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. “I havebeen bothered for a long time about the curious lac k of curiosity,” said aDemocratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to aninsufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New JerseyGovernor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the GeorgeWashi ngton Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bitcurious about what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlierthis year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge thechild may turn out to have.L) Schooleducation, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious.Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far morecurious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower classfamilies. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and thelack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishmentlies in both intelligence and diligence.K) Citingthe work of psychologists and cognitive（认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdomthat academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent andhard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one topreserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive：“Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between childand adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be agood way to entertain ourselves.J) Somewhatnostalgically（怀旧地），he quote John Maynard Keynes’s justlyfamous words of praise to the bookstore:”One should enter it vaguely, almost ina dream, and allowwhat is there freely to attract and influence the eye. Towalk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should bean afternoon’s entertainment.” If only!44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetitefor literary fiction contribute to people’s declining curiosity.G) Lesliepresents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a wholeis growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of theInternet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’sborders. But not e verything is to be blamed on technology. The decline ininterest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Reading literary fiction, he says, make us more curious.45.Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.F) Why isthis a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovationand entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dyingcorporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what hasmade humanity as a whole so successful as a species.仔细阅读46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?B）They are growing fast without becoming richer47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?B) It started whe n people’s income was relatively high.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.49. In what way does author say African cities are different?C) They have developed at the expense of nature.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?D) A more responsible government51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have___.B) an ambition to get ahead52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.54. How do some people view college education these days?D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?D) A clear aim and high motivation.四级阅读第三套：选词填空26. K superior27. D nuisance28. M tip29. O visual30. A associated31. F preventing32. H sensitive33. I slight34. C indicate35. B examine匹配题36. I37. E38. C39. D40. B41. H42. G43. F44. A45. J仔细阅读46. What do people generally believe about aging?B) They just cannot do anything about it.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.四级翻译一：泰山位于山东省西部。
2017年12月大学英语四级第三套真题附答案
2017年12月四级真题（第三套）Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension❤温馨提示：每年的四级考试全国共考两套听力，其中的第三套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同而已，故不再重复给出。
Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.We all know there exists a great void (空白) in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education atall 27 of the public educational system. She said, “I started E ngineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, “Ou r nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 .”A) attractedB) careerC) championshipsD) degreesE) developingF) enrollG) exposureH) feasible I) feedingJ) graduating K) interestL) levelsM) localN) operates O) participatedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren't you curious aboutwhat happened?A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why didn't you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场) yourself?” The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. “I have been bothered for a lo ng time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?”wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is ‘Yes’. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E) We are suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity” was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who “were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of.” Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H) Moreover, in order to be curious, “you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place.” Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: “Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers.”I) Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊). He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the “perfect search engine” will “understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: “Google aims to save you from the thirst of curio sity altogether.”J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: “One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds ofthe bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment.” If only!K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor – and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: “Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to k ill it is to leave it alone.”L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.M) Although Leslie's book isn't about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.N) He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns” were mistaken. R umsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, “wasn't absurd –it was smart.” He adds, “The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice.”O) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake – even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don't know.37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.39. Political leaders' lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40. There are often accusations about politicians' and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity.45. Mankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem sill y to call such a thing a “disease”.On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain heal th range.”But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The on ly way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayfl ick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”46. What do people generally believe about aging?A) It should cause no alarm whatsoever.B) They just cannot do anything about it.C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.D) They can delay it with advances in science.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated.B) It can be as risky as heart disease.C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.D) It is an irreversible biological process.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”？A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B) Aging is hardly separable from disease.C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The ca ndidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.“We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutionallevel or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers' awareness of gender bias in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(三)(题后含答案及解析)
2017年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（三）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：Mutual Understanding Is Most Important When we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into my mind is generally negative news. However, I believe there is a way for doctors and patients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual understanding. On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to hospital. So doctor’s attitude or response is critically important for them and their family. On the other hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that they even have no time to take a rest. Such a high intensity of work could drive a man crazy. Thus, if they can stand in each other’s shoes, most problems could be solved. Otherwise, a doctor’s brief conclusion about the condition of patients might be regarded as cold blood and result in conflicts. Nowadays, much effort has been made to ease the tension of doctor-patient relationship. But I think the most effective one is mutual understanding and trust.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文： A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its two back legs and has become a social media darling has re-emerged and has been captured on video months after its last sighting. The bear named Pedals was spotted in the town of Oak Ridge. In a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear, it appeared to be in relatively good health and was moving quickly. (1) Pedals apparently has an injured leg or paw that doesn’t allow it to walk comfortably on all fours according to experts. Lawrence Hajna, spokesman for the state Department of Environmental Protection, said officials expect the bear to make it through next winter. (2) The bear first gained fame after it was spotted wandering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television. Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter, but New Jersey officials have said they won’t allow the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility. “The bear would do better in its natural habitat and the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated,” they said.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the probable reason the bear walks upright on its back legs?2. How isthe bear first known to the public?2．A．It tries to entertain its audience.B．It tries to look into the distance.C．It wants to catch people’s attention.D．It has got one of its limbs injured.正确答案：D解析：新闻中提到，根据专家的说法，Pedals明显有一条腿或者爪子受伤，这导致它无法舒服地四肢着地行走，因此答案为D)。
完整word版2017年12月英语四级真题答案及解析第三套
2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第3 套）Part I Writing审题思路：best医患关系问题的讨论非常热烈，学生对这一话题并不陌生。
对于如何处理好医患关系（ow to h近年来关于度doctors and patients）可以从宏观角度进行讨论，如政府应该如何做；也可以从微观角relationship handle the between讨论入手，即医生和患者应该怎么做，从而进一步转化成人与人之间的相处之道，如理解、信任等，再结合医患关系即可。
这样处理，相对前者要简单许多。
当然，考生可以根据自己的认知和英语水平等实际情况，使自己的文章最大可能地出彩。
高分范文：Mutual Understanding Is Most ImportantWhen we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into my mind is generally negativenews. However, I believe there is a way for doctors and patients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual understanding.On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to hospital. So doctor's attitude or response iscritically important for them and their family. On the other hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that theyeven have no time to take a rest. Such a high intensity of work could drive a man crazy. Thus, if they can stand in eachother's shoes, most problems could be solved. Otherwise, a doctor's brief conclusion about the condition of patients mightbe regarded as cold blood and result in conflicts.Nowadays, much effort has been made to ease the tension of doctor-patient relationship. But I think the most effectiveone is mutual understanding and trust.全文翻译：当我们谈论医患关系时，进入我脑海的多是负面新闻。
英语四级真题2017年12月(第三套)试卷及答案解析
2017年12月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)D1rect10ns: 凡r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension说明：2017年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已。
Part ID Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A．Directions: In th· is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank f rom a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.We all know there exists a greatvoid (空臼）in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, "I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in. "She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached控Q members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from MYM5 million in 2014 to MYMlO million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, "Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 . "A)attracted B)career C)championshipsD)degrees E)developing F)enrollG)exposure H)feasible I)feedingJ)graduating K)interest L)levelsM)local N)operates0)parti cipa tedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived Youmay choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren't you curious about what happened?A)" You suspended Ray Rice after our video, " a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football LeagueCommissioner Roger Goodell the other day. "Why didn't you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场）yourself?" The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B)The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often ,carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong withnot wanting to search out the truth. "I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity, "said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi ,Libya.C)The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are suchaccusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D)The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your FutureD ep ends on It ,insists that the answer to that last question is'Yes'. Leslie argues that curiosity is a muchoverlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E)We are suffering, he writes, from a " s erendipity deficit. "The word " serendipity" was coined by HoraceWalpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of. " Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet ,among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F)Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. Wewi且see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G)Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. Inthe U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H)Moreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place. "Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers. "I)Indeed ,Google ,for which Leslie expresses admiration ,is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊）. He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfect search engine" will "understand exactly what I meanand give me back exactly what I want. "Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether. "J)Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: " O ne should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment. "If only!K)Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone. "L)School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.M)Although Leslie's book isnl about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences ,he warns ,in not wanting to know.N)He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the aftereffects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, "wasn't absurd—it was smart. "He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."0)All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples ischarging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.36.To be curious, we need to realize fi江st of all that there are many things we don't know.37.According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.38.We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.39.Political leaders'lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40.There are often accusations about politicians'and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41.The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42.It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. V isiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. B oth the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity.45. M ankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease. "On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things ,and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments." I t unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的）industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects , " he said." R ight now ,people think of aging as natural and something you can't control , " he said. "In academic circles , people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. ""It was always known that the body accumulates damage, " he added. "The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. "Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them."There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " Hayflick said. "Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years."46. W hat do people generally believe about aging?A)It should cause no alarm whatsoever.C)It should be regarded as a kind of disease.47. H ow do many scientists view aging now?A)It might be prevented and treated.C)It results from a vitamin deficiency.B)They just cannot do anything about it. D)They can delay it with advances in science.B)It can be as risky as heart disease.D)It is an irreversible biological process.48. W hat does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease" ?A)It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B)It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C)It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D)It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. W hat do we learn about the medical community?A)They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B)They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C)They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.D)They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.50.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A)The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.C)Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too."Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says KuheliDutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,'but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. "Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1 , 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation."We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level. " Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A)There are many more men applying than women.B)Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C)More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D)Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A)Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B)Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C)Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D)Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A)They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B)They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C)They provide objective information without exaggeration.D)They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A)They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B)They invited women professionals to edit them.C)They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D)They deleted all information about gender.55.What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A)Raise recommendation writers'awareness of gender bias in their letters.B)Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C)Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D)Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 的r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月份大学英语四级(CET4)真题与答案(卷三)
2017年12月份大学英语四级（CET4）真题与答案(卷三)Part I Writing (25 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationshop between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures.B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C) Providing clean energy to five million people.D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local huntersSection BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man.9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas.B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party.10. A) The gift her husband has bought.B) The trip her husband has planned.C) What has been troubling her husband.D) What her husband and the man are up to.11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B) They see the importance of making compromises.C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) When America's earliest space program started.B) When the International Space Station was built.C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space.B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) Everything was natural and genuine then.20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical(制药的)industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,”he said.“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,”he said. “IN academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said,“It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understand that aging is curable.”“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,”he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespancan be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,”Hayflick said.“Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”46. Whatdo people generally believe about aging?A) It should cause not alarm whatsoever.B) They just cannot do anything about it.C) It should be regardedas a kind of disease.D) They can delay it with advances in science.47.How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated. C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.B) It can be as risky as heart disease. D) It is an irreversible biological process.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B) Aging is hardly separable from disease.C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring(指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says KuheliDutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was productive, or inte lligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared withtheir male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.“We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study toopenupmeaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.”Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A)There are many more men applying than women.B)Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C)More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D)Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoralwork are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoralpositions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’awareness of gender bias in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in reaserach work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
英语四级真题2017年12月(第三套)试卷及答案解析
2017年12月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)D1rect10ns: 凡r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension说明：2017年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已。
Part ID Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A．Directions: In th· is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank f rom a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.We all know there exists a greatvoid (空臼）in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, "I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in. "She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached控Q members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from MYM5 million in 2014 to MYMlO million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, "Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 . "A)attracted B)career C)championshipsD)degrees E)developing F)enrollG)exposure H)feasible I)feedingJ)graduating K)interest L)levelsM)local N)operates0)parti cipa tedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived Youmay choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren't you curious about what happened?A)" You suspended Ray Rice after our video, " a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football LeagueCommissioner Roger Goodell the other day. "Why didn't you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场）yourself?" The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B)The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often ,carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong withnot wanting to search out the truth. "I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity, "said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi ,Libya.C)The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are suchaccusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D)The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your FutureD ep ends on It ,insists that the answer to that last question is'Yes'. Leslie argues that curiosity is a muchoverlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E)We are suffering, he writes, from a " s erendipity deficit. "The word " serendipity" was coined by HoraceWalpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of. " Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet ,among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F)Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. Wewi且see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G)Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. Inthe U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H)Moreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place. "Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers. "I)Indeed ,Google ,for which Leslie expresses admiration ,is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊）. He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfect search engine" will "understand exactly what I meanand give me back exactly what I want. "Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether. "J)Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: " O ne should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment. "If only!K)Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone. "L)School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.M)Although Leslie's book isnl about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences ,he warns ,in not wanting to know.N)He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the aftereffects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, "wasn't absurd—it was smart. "He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."0)All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples ischarging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.36.To be curious, we need to realize fi江st of all that there are many things we don't know.37.According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.38.We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.39.Political leaders'lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40.There are often accusations about politicians'and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41.The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42.It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. V isiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. B oth the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity.45. M ankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease. "On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things ,and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments." I t unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的）industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects , " he said." R ight now ,people think of aging as natural and something you can't control , " he said. "In academic circles , people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. ""It was always known that the body accumulates damage, " he added. "The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. "Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them."There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " Hayflick said. "Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years."46. W hat do people generally believe about aging?A)It should cause no alarm whatsoever.C)It should be regarded as a kind of disease.47. H ow do many scientists view aging now?A)It might be prevented and treated.C)It results from a vitamin deficiency.B)They just cannot do anything about it. D)They can delay it with advances in science.B)It can be as risky as heart disease.D)It is an irreversible biological process.48. W hat does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease" ?A)It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B)It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C)It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D)It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. W hat do we learn about the medical community?A)They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B)They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C)They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.D)They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.50.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A)The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.C)Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too."Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says KuheliDutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,'but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. "Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1 , 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation."We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level. " Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A)There are many more men applying than women.B)Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C)More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D)Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A)Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B)Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C)Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D)Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A)They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B)They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C)They provide objective information without exaggeration.D)They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A)They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B)They invited women professionals to edit them.C)They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D)They deleted all information about gender.55.What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A)Raise recommendation writers'awareness of gender bias in their letters.B)Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C)Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D)Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 的r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题3及答案解析
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题3及答案解析(1/1)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.______________下一题(1~2/共7题)Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0002:28Volume第1题A.Her friend Erika.B.Her little brother.C.Her grandfather.D.Her grandmother.第2题A.By taking pictures for passers-by.B.By working part time at a hospital.C.By selling lemonade and pictures.D.By asking for help on social media.上一题下一题(3~4/共7题)Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0001:57Volume第3题A.Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B.Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C.Providing clean energy to five million people.D.Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.第4题A.They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B.They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C.They are only about half an inch thick.D.They are made from cheap materials.上一题下一题(5~7/共7题)Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0002:19Volume第5题A.Endless fighting in the region.B.The hazards from the desert.C.Inadequate funding for research.D.The lack of clues about the species.第6题A.To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B.To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C.To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D.To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.第7题A.Lions walking.B.Lions’ track s.C.Some camping facilities.D.Traps set by local hunters.上一题下一题(8~11/共8题)Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0003:28Volume第8题A.Her ‘lucky birthday’.B.A call from her dad.C.Her wedding anniversary.D.A special gift from the man.第9题A.Gave her a big model plane.B.Bought her a good necklace.C.Took her on a trip overseas.D.Threw her a surprise party.第10题A.The gift her husband has bought.B.The trip her husband has planned.C.What has been troubling her husband.D.What her husband and the man are up to.第11题A.He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B.He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C.He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D.He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.上一题下一题(12~15/共8题)Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0003:21Volume第12题A.They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B.They see the importance of making compromises.C.They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D.They take the rival’s attitude into account.第13题A.They know how to adapt.B.They know when to stop.C.They know when to make compromises.D.They know how to control their emotion.第14题A.They are patient.B.They are good at expression.C.They learn quickly.D.They uphold their principles.第15题A.Make clear one´s intentions.B.Clarify items of negotiation.C.Formulate one´s strategy.D.Get to know the other side.上一题下一题(16~18/共10题)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:0003:20Volume第16题A.When America´s earliest space program started.B.When the International Space Station was built.C.How many space shuttle missions there will be.D.How space research benefits people on Earth.第17题A.They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B.They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C.They tried to meet astronauts´ specific requirements.D.They tried to make best use of the latest technology.第18题A.They are extremely accurate.B.They are expensive to make.C.They were first made in space.D.They were invented in the 1970s.上一题下一题(19~21/共10题)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:0002:38Volume第19题A.It was when her ancestors came to America.B.People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C.It marked the beginning of something new.D.Everything was natural and genuine then.第20题A.They believed in working for goals.B.They enjoyed living a living a life of ease.C.They had all kinds of entertainment.D.They were known to be creative.第21题A.Chatting with her ancestors.B.Furnishing her country house.C.Polishing all the silver work.D.Doing needlework by the fire.上一题下一题(22~25/共10题)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:0003:25Volume第22题e a map to identify your location.B.Call your family or friends for help.C.Sit down and try to calm yourself.D.Try to follow your footprints back.第23题A.You may find a way out without your knowing it.B.You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C.You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D.You may end up entering a wonderland.第24题A.Look for food.B.Wait patiently.C.Start a fire.D.Walk uphill.第25题rm somebody of your plan.B.Prepare enough food and drink.C.Check the local weather.D.Find a map and a compass.上一题下一题Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s.During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U.S.The driving force behind much of this change was a(n)__26__popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense.In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the__27__of being able to operate one computer from another terminal.In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists.The Internet__28__under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed.Phone lines could only transmit information at a__29__rate.The development of fiber-optic (光纤) cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every panies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the__30__signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for__31__purposes.Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products.Soon airline tickets, hotel__32__, and even cars and homes could be purchased online.Universities__33__research data on the Internet, so students could find__34__information without leaving their panies soon discovered that work could be done at home and__35__online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earna living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡衣).A.advantagemercialC.conservationD.equippedE.incomingF.innovationG.limitedH.localI.maintainedJ.occupationsK.postedL.remainedM.reservationsN.submittedO.valuable第26题：请选择mercialC.conservationD.equippedE.incomingF.innovationG.limitedH.localI.mai ntainedJ.occupationsK.postedL.remainedM.reservationsN.submittedO.valuable第28题：请选择mercialC.conservationD.equippedE.incomingF.innovationG.limitedH.localI.mai ntainedJ.occupationsK.postedL.remainedM.reservationsN.submittedO.valuable第30题：请选择mercialC.conservationD.equippedE.incomingF.innovationG.limitedH.localI.mai ntainedJ.occupationsK.postedL.remainedM.reservationsN.submittedO.valuable第32题：请选择mercialC.conservationD.equippedE.incomingF.innovationG.limitedH.localI.mai ntainedJ.occupationsK.postedL.remainedM.reservationsN.submittedO.valuable第34题：请选择mercialC.conservationD.equippedE.incomingF.innovationG.limitedH.localI.mai ntainedJ.occupationsK.postedL.remainedM.reservationsN.submittedO.valuable上一题下一题(36~45/共10题)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of Knitting[A].About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group.I agreed to give it a try.[B].My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter.Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle.But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.[C].I´ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns.I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen.As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.[D].It seems, too, that I´m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts(手工艺).The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet.Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my friend´s three small st April, the council created a "Stitch Away Stress" campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month.Dr.Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga.Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.[E].But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem.I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost myspirits when needed.[F].Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities´main benefits.Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby´s five weeks in the intensive care unit, "learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless.It´s a hobby that I´ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems."[G].A recent email from the yarn (纺纱) company Red Heart titled "Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting" prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting.My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.[H].For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member.Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills.And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children´s math skills.[I].Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight.Just as it´s challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there´s less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.[J].I´ve found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的) fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I age.A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.[K].A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements.Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.[L].Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting.Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy.In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms.Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain.She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals.Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age.In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr.Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life.The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.[M].Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similarbenefits.The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.[N].In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C.Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults.Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.[O].Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.第36题When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.________第37题Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.________第38题Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.________第39题Being a member of a crafts group enhances one´s health and prolongs one´s life.________第40题Knitting diverts people´s attention from their pain.________第41题The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.________第42题When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.________第43题Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.________第44题According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.________第45题The products of knitting can increase one´s sense of self-respect.________上一题下一题(46~50/共10题)Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions o1" unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is.What´s indisputable is that it´s growing very quickly.Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple.Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have.Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside.Why?The immediate problem is poverty.Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income thanother regions of the world did.That means there´s little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive.Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations.With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialisation went together.More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories.But African cities are different.They are too often built around consuming natural ernment is concentrated in capitals, so is the money.Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的) businesses or politics.Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are.In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town.If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure.If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more.Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive.When a city´s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.第46题What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A.They have more slums than other cities in the world.B.They are growing fast without becoming richer.C.They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D.They attract migrants who want to be better off.第47题What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A.It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B.It started when people´s income was relatively high.C.It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D.It started with the improvement of people´s livelihood.第48题Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A.It lacks adequate transport facilities.B.The living expenses there are too high.C.It is on the whole too densely populated.D.The local governments are corrupted.第49题In what way does the author say African cities are different?A.They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B.They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C.They have developed at the expense of nature.D.They depend far more on foreign investment.第50题What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A.Lowering of apartment rent.B.Better education for residents.C.More rational overall planning.D.A more responsible government.上一题下一题(51~55/共10题)Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions o1" unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For the past several decades, it seems there´s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home.But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful.Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their lives turned out.But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success.Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master´s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks "personal drive" is far more important than just going to college.To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.第51题It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to haveA.an advanced academic degreeB.an ambition to get aheadC.a firm belief in their dreamD.a sense of drive and purpose第52题What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A.More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B.It remains alive among the majority of American people.C.Americans´ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D.An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.第53题What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A.It still remains open to debate.B.It has proved to be beyond doubt.C.It is no longer as important as it used to be.D.It is much better understood now than ever.第54题How do some people view college education these days?A.It promotes gender equality.B.It needs to be strengthened.C.It adds to cultural diversity.D.It helps broaden their minds.第55题What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A.A desire to learn and to adapt.B.A strong sense of responsibility.C.A willingness to commit oneself.D.A clear aim and high motivation.上一题下一题(1/1)Part ⅣTranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.第56题泰山位于山东省西部。
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2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第3 套）Part I Writing审题思路：近年来关于医患关系问题的讨论非常热烈，学生对这一话题并不陌生。
对于如何处理好医患关系（h ow to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients）可以从宏观角度进行讨论，如政府应该如何做；也可以从微观角度入手，即医生和患者应该怎么做，从而进一步转化成人与人之间的相处之道，如理解、信任等，再结合医患关系讨论即可。
这样处理，相对前者要简单许多。
当然，考生可以根据自己的认知和英语水平等实际情况，使自己的文章最大可能地出彩。
高分范文：Mutual Understanding Is Most ImportantWhen we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into my mind is generally negative news. However, I believe there is a way for doctors and patients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual understanding.On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to hospital. So doctor’s attitude or response is critically important for them and their family. On the other hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that they even have no time to take a rest. Such a high intensity of work could drive a man crazy. Thus, if they can stand in each other’s shoes, most problems could be solved. Otherwise, a doctor’s brief conclusion about the condition of patients might be regarded as cold blood and result in conflicts.Nowadays, much effort has been made to ease the tension of doctor-patient relationship. But I think the most effective one is mutual understanding and trust.全文翻译：相互理解最重要当我们谈论医患关系时，进入我脑海的多是负面新闻。
然而，我相信医生和患者是可以做到和谐相处的，那就是靠相互理解。
一方面病人到医院看病的时候是无助的、忧虑的。
因此，医生的态度或反馈对他们及其家人而言至关重要。
另一方面，医生每天要面对太多病人，以至于连休息的时间都没有。
这种高强度的工作会把人逼疯。
因此，如果他们能够站在对方的立场上思考问题，大多数问题就会迎刃而解。
否则，医生对患者病情的简短结论可能会被患者认为是冷血，从而导致冲突。
当今社会为了缓和医患关系已经做出了很多努力。
但是，我认为最有效的办法就是相互理解与信任。
Part ⅢReading ComprehensionSection A全文翻译：众所周知，当提到（26）接触STEM（科学、技术、工程学、数学）课程时，公共教育体系存在巨大的空白。
一个名为多丽·罗伯茨的教育者决心做些什么改变这一体系。
多丽在高中教了11 年的工程学。
她注意到，各个（27）等级的公共教育体系都存在着优质STEM 教育的巨大空白。
她说，“在发现缺少数学、科学、工程学课程后，我创办了‘儿童工程学（EFK）’，让我的学生可以（28）报名。
”她决定开办一项课外活动，孩子们可以（29）参与以STEM 为基础的竞赛。
该社团很快发展壮大，成员达到180 人，参加的孩子们获得了好几个州的（30）冠军，这时她决定全身心的投入到发展和（31）开发该课程中。
全球企业EFK 由此诞生了。
多丽一开始在弗吉尼亚州自己的家里运营EFK，而后扩展到（32）当地的娱乐中心。
如今，EFK 在美国32 个州及21 个国家（33）经营着超过144 家分公司。
销售额已经从2014 年的500 万美元翻倍至2015 年的1，000 美元，而且2016 年计划新开设25 家分公司。
EFK 网站上写道，“我们国家（34）毕业的工程师并不够。
我们的理念是从小就启迪孩子们，让他们理解工程师是一个伟大的（35）职业。
”详解详析：26.答案：G）exposure详解：名词辨析题。
空格之前有固定表达when it comes to，其中to 是介词，故此处应填入名词或动名词。
本句意为“众所周知，当提到STEM（科学、技术、工程学、数学）课程时，公共教育体系存在巨大的空白。
”也就是说，公共教育体系没有为学生提供足够的STEM 课程，学生接触不到，因此应填入G）exposure“接触，暴露”。
27.答案：L）levels详解：名词辨析题。
空格位于形容词all 与介词of 之间，应填入名词。
前一句提到，多丽在高中教了11 年的工程学。
本句进一步提到，她注意到，所有的公共教育体系都存在着优质STEM 教育的巨大空白。
“all”说明不只是高中存在ATEM 教育空白，初中、小学等也存在空白，由此可知本空应填入含有“等级”含义的名词，故答案为L）levels“等级，级别”。
28.答案：F）enroll详解：动词辨析题。
分析句子结构可知，本空前的to 是动词不定式的标志，因此填入动词原形。
本句意为“在发现缺少数学、科学、工程学课程后，我创办了‘儿童工程学（EFK）’，让我的学生可以。
”由前一句可知，所有级别的公共教育体系都缺少STEM 课程，也就是说没有这方面的课程供多丽的学生参加、学习，因此本空应填F）enroll“报名，注册”。
29.答案：O）participated详解：动词辨析题。
分析句子结构可知，children 是where 引导的定语从句的主语，该从句缺少谓语，再根据主句时态判断，从句的时态为过去时，因此应填入动词过去式。
本句意为“她决定开办一项课外活动，孩子们可以以STEM 为基础的竞赛。
”综合下一句可知，参加该课程的孩子们在好几个州的竞赛中获胜，因此本空应填入含有“参与”意思的动词，故答案为O）participated。
30.答案：C）championships详解：名词辨析题。
本空前有不定代词several，因此应填入名词。
结合前一句可知，孩子们通过此课程参加竞赛，而且赢得了好几个州的。
由句意可推断，孩子们获得了冠军，因此应填入C）championships。
31.答案：E）developing详解：动词辨析题。
分析句子结构可知，本空与cultivating 是to 的并列宾语，因此应填入动名词。
本句大意是，由于课外社团发展得很快，她决定全身心地投入到发展和该课程中。
其中it 指的是the club。
结合下一句可知，多丽决定将该课外社团发展壮大，才诞生了全球企业EFK，因此本空应填入含有“发展，扩大”含义的词，故答案为E）developing。
32.答案：M）local详解：形容词辨析题。
本空位于名词词组recreation centers 之前，应填入形容词作定语。
本段在介绍EFK 的发展过程。
本句提到，多丽一开始在弗吉尼亚州自己的家里运营EFK，而后扩展到娱乐中心。
而下一句提到，EFK 课程遍及美国32 个州及全球21 个国家。
根据事物由小变大的发展规律，EFK 应该是先在当地发展起来，再扩展到其他州，乃至其他国家，因此空格处应填入含有“本地”意义的形容词，故答案为M）local“当地的，局部的”。
33.答案：N）operates详解：动词辨析题。
由句子结构可知，本空位于主语the EFK program 之后，应填入动词作谓语。
本句意为“EFK在美国32 个州及21 个国家超过144 家分公司。
”由此推测，EFK 拥有超过144 家分公司，故答案为N）operates“经营，运行”。
34.答案：J）graduating详解：动词辨析题。
分析句子结构可知，本句有主语our nation，宾语engineers，应填入动词与is 一起作谓语。
本句意为“我们国家没有 _足够多的工程师。
”结合第一段提到的公共教育体系没有提供足够多的STEM 课程可以推断，学校没有培养出足够多的工程师毕业生，因此本空应填入与学校相关、含有“培养”含义的词，故答案为J）graduating“毕业”。
35.答案：B）career详解：名词辨析题。
本空位于形容词great 之后，应填入名词。
本句意为“我们的理念是从小就启迪孩子们，让他们理解工程师是一份伟大的。
”前一句提到，我们国家没有足够多的工程师。
因此可推断，该课程的理念是让孩子们长达后成为工程师，让他们认为工程师是一份伟大的工作，因此本空应填B）career“职业，事业”。
Section B全文翻译：A) “在我们的视频公布之后你就禁赛了德·赖斯，”TMZ 的一位记者几天前对全国橄榄球联盟理事长罗杰·古德尔质疑道。
“你为什么没有亲自去趟赌场的好奇心？”这个问题暗示出一个好奇心更强的理事长应该会设法拿到录像。
B)（40）我们经常听到对于缺乏好奇心的指责，这暗示出不想去寻找真相是不对的。
“很长时间以来，我都被奇怪的缺乏好奇心而困扰，”七月份时新泽西州立法机构的一个民主党成员说，他指的是新泽西州州长克里斯·克里斯蒂的助理不够刨根问底的态度，后者选择了不对乔治·华盛顿大桥交通丑闻提出尖锐的问题。
“难道主流媒体对他升了什么一点儿也不好奇吗？”保守派作家詹妮弗·鲁宾今年早些时候这样写道，她暗指在利比亚班加西的美国人遭受袭击的事件。
C) 以上每个例子都说明，好奇是一件好事，而缺乏好奇心是一个问题。
这样的指责仅仅是为自己的党派争取政治得分的努力吗？或者好奇心本身就具有某种特殊的价值呢？D) 记者伊恩·莱斯利在他有趣的新书《好奇：求知的欲望以及为什么它决定了你的未来》中，坚持认为以上最后一个问题的答案是“有”。