CCNP路由交换综合实验与排除

EIGRP标准配置
show run |brouter eigrp
router eigrp 2010
network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary

May 22 10:03:01.427: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 2010: Neighbor 12.12.12.1 (Serial1/0) is up: new adjacency


show ip eigrp 2010 neighbor


2.neighbor s

2.1 AS

show ip eigrp 2010 neighbor

show ip protocols
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0


Gateway Distance Last Update
12.12.12.1 90 00:06:45
处理方法：重新配置，统一 AS NUMBER
metric changed K-value mismatch
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=1, K3=1, K4=1, K5=1

2.3 hello send time /hold time mismatch

int s1/0
ip hold-time eigrp 20104

May 22 10:22:21.107: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 2010: Neighbor 12.12.12.1 (Serial1/0) is down: Interface Goodbye received


show ip eigrp 2010 neighbor
将计时器统一，或者将错误命令删除

eigrp broadcast ptp every 5 sec 60

EIGRP sec ip add

EIGRP 主从地址问题

eigrp 永远只使用接口主地址发送 Hello 消息，他要求直连设备必须在相同的子网

int s1/0
ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0 secondary
ip add 21.21.21.2 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0

router eigrp 2010
net 21.21.21.0 0.0.0.255

show ip eigrp 2010 neighbors


在R1上加一个从地址，使其跟R2的主地址一样，相同子网，直接NO 多条命令

R1：show ip ei neighbors

network
3.1 宣告不精确

R1:net 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.255
修改宣告方式

3.2 由于过滤不精确导致宣告不成功
R1：access-list deny 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
router eigrp 2010
distribute-list 1 out s1/1
route configuration changed


方法：将过滤列表做一定的修改，或者根据当时情况是否可以直接删除
access-list 1 per any


4: EIGRP summary
4.1 汇总不精确，导致汇总不成功

ip summary-add eigrp 2010 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

May 22 11:20:21.487: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 2010: Neighbor 12.12.12.2 (Serial1/1) is up: new adjacency

R1: ip summary-add eigrp 2010 1.0.0.0 255.255.255.0


汇总特性

突破常规，不一定按主类网地址汇总

1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
1.1.2.0 255.255.255.0
可以汇总为：
1.1.0.0 255.255.0.0
当然也可以为： 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 标准准类路由

OSPF

2.1 ospf basic config

router ospf process
router-id x.x.x.x
network x.x.x.x x.x.x.x area id

*May 22 15:29:34.047: %OSPF-4-NORTRID: OSPF process 1 cannot start. There must be at least one "up" IP interface, for OSPF to use as router ID

当前路由器没有可用的激活接口IP当做 router-id 所以
ospf process 不能启用


*May 22 15:31:40.983: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

如果看到如上消息

意味着OSPF 进程已经形成了邻居关系

show ip protocols summary
index process name
0 connected
1 static
2 ospf 1


2.2 neighbor ts

2.2.1 hello /dead

show ip os int fa 0/0


FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 12.12.12.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 12.12.12.1
Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.12.12.2
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:05
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0



R2: ip ospf hello-interval 5

通过如上命令进行接口下 OSPF的hello 发送间隔修改


*May 22 15:43:00.899: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired


统一邻居的hello interval 最好统一到标准时间


Area id

*May 22 15:47:05.455: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 12.12.12.1, FastEthernet0/0

多台路由器对同一网络的区域的宣告要一致

2.2.3 Authentication

int f0/0
ip ospf authentication
ip ospf authentication -key justech

debug ospf adj

R1: cle ip os procols

May 22 15:52:14.087: OSPF: Rcv pkt from 12.12.12.2, FastEthernet0/0 : Mismatch Authentication type. Input packet specified type 1, we use type 0
统一认证


2.2.4 stub area flag

骨干区域是不可以配置为特殊区域的 （stub nssa )


R2: area 0 stub
OSPF: Backbone can not be configured as stub area

router ospf 1
area 1 stub

*May 22 16:04:50.751: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

保持同一区域的区域宣称一致的，STUB,NSSA 或者都是普通
区域
2.4.1 OSPF HAVE SAME ROUTER-ID


R2： router-id 1.1.1.1

Reload or use "clear ip ospf process" command, for this to take effect

*May 22 16:42:55.843: %OSPF-4-DUP_RTRID_NBR: OSPF detected duplicate router-id 1.1.1.1 from 12.12.12.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0

由于OSPF Router-id 相同导致的，结果是ospf adj
关系不形成

更改 router-id 保证 router-id 不重复


2.4.2 OSPF MTU 问题


show int f0/0


FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is DEC21140, address is ca01.0c48.0000 (bia ca01.0c48.0000)
Internet address is 12.12.12.2/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255


水平分割引起的路由不被学习问题


full mesh

建立full mesh 拓扑，增加IBGP PEER 数目让路由能够通过IBGP PEER


route

reflect
利用 router reflect 帮助 C 路由学习路由

router bgp 123
neighbor 1.1.1.1 route-reflector-client
neighbor 3.3.3.3 route-reflector-client