常见词根词缀整理

一.常见的前缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

1)完全否定前缀

un-：unable, unemployment, unacceptable, unaccountable无法理解的，难以解释的, unaccustomed, unadjusted, unashamed, unavoidable, uncertain, uncomfortable, uncommon, unconventional新奇的, uncover, unfair, unfamiliar

dis-：dishonest, dislike, disappear, disagree, dislike, discontinue, disconnect, distract，disadvantage, discontent, discourage, disorder, disobey, dissatisfied

in-：incapable, inability, inaccurate, inactive, inadequate, inadvertent, inadvisable, inappropriate, inaudible, incomprehensible, inconvenient, incorrect, incurable, independent, indirect, indifferent, indistinct不清晰的inexhaustible, inexpensive, inexperience, innumerable, insignificant, intolerant, invalid无效的；病弱的, invaluable, invariable;

i g-,ignoble卑劣的, ignominy, ignominious, ignominiously,

im-, impossible, immoral, immortal, immature, immobile, immoderate, impatient, imperfect, impersonal, import, impractical, improbable, impolite, improper,

il-, illusive, illiberal狭隘的, illegible无法辨认的,illegal, illiterate, illogical,

ir-, irregular，irresponsible, irrational, irrelevant, irreligious, irresistible, irreverent, irrecoverable

ne-, n-：none, neither, never, nevertheless,

non-：nonsense, non-existence, non-profit, non-professional, non-academic, non-commercial, non-smoker

neg-：neglect, negligent疏忽的，造成过失的, negligible微不足道的

2)表示错误的意义

male-, mal-：malfunction发生故障, maladjustment(失调), malnutrition营养不良, maltreat 虐待, maladministration, malformation畸形, malware恶意软件

mis-：mistake, mislead, misunderstand, misfortune, misuse, mistrust, mistranslate, mismatch不匹配,

pseudo-：pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience

3)表示反动作的意思

de-：defend, demodulation(解调), decode, decompress, decontaminate消毒，消除…的污染, degrade, degenerate恶化，衰退

dis-：disarm, disconnect （见第一条）

un-：unload, uncover （见第一条）

4)表示相反，相互对立意思

anti-, ant-：antiknock( 防震), anti-foreign,(排外的), anti-racism, antiracist, antireligious, anti-terrorist, anti-war

counter-：counteract抵抗, counterreaction, counterbalance抵消,counterculture, counter-revolution

with-, withdraw, withstand承受住, withhold拒付，不予,

2. 表示空间位置、方向关系/时间、序列/对比、差别的前缀

1) 表示“在...之上，在上面，转上”

a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” aboard, aside,

over-,①表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead在空中, overboard向船外, overflow, overseas, overwrite写在…上面,②表示“超过，过度，太”overeat, overdress, ove rsleep, overcharge对…要价过高, overpopulated, overload使…超载, overpraise, overproduction, overspend超支, overtime③表示“完全，全”overall, overview概述

super-, sur-,①表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, supervision;②表示“超过, 超级的”supernature, superpower, superman, superstar, supersensitive, supermarket, surplus剩余, surpass胜过

up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold维持, uphill(上坡), upload, upland高原, uplift 振奋，上升, upright垂直的, upside积极方面, upstairs

trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic, transaction, transplant, transport,

2) 表示“在...下面，在下部”

sub-(sup-),①表示“在下面，下” subway, submarine, subconscious, suppress,②表示“低，次，副，亚” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带) subtitle, subculture, subdivide, under-,①表示“在…..下面，下的”underline, underground, underwater, underwear, underfoot, undersea,②表示“低劣，低下”undersize矮小的, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足), underestimate, underdeveloped, underachieve未发挥水平的, down-, 表示”向下，在下面” downfall, downhill, download, downpour倾盆大雨, downriver, downside, downstairs, downward, downtown

3）表示“在前面，先前”

pre-, 表示"在前, 在前面,事先”prefix, preface , prearrange, precondition先决条件, prepaid, preschool, pre-war, prewash, prehistory, pre-reading

fore-表示“在前面，先前”forehead, forearm, foreground, forefinger, forefoot, forefront最前列, foreleg, foremost, forepaw, forerunner先驱，先导, foresee预见, foresight先见之明, foretaste预先体验, forewarn预先警告, foreword 前言, forecast, foretell(预言)

4) 表示“向后，在后边”

post-, 表示"向后，在后边，次”postscript附言, postdoctoral, post-earthquake, postgraduate, post-tax, post-war.

5)表示“向内，在内部”

in-, im-,表示“向内，在内，”inland, invade, inside, , income, import

6)表示“在外部，向外，额外”

ex-,表示“外部，外” exit, expand, export, external, expose, express,

out-,①表示“在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward, outdoor. ②表示“超过，过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人), outweigh, outnumber在数量上超过,