Removed_可可英语之野性的呼唤
野性的呼唤(英文版) PPT
the United States
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The Call of the Wild: Background
In August 1896, gold was discovered in Rabbit Creek in the Yukon Territory of western Canada.
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The Call of the Wild: Background When news of the find reached the United States, the Klondike gold rush was on.
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The Call of the Wild: Background
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Major Works
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可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
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Major Works
•The People of the Abyss(1903) 深渊中的人们 • The Call of the Wild(1903) 野性的呼唤 • The Sea Wolf(1904) 海狼 • White Fang(1906) 白牙 • Love of Life (1907) 热爱生命 •The Iron Heel(1908) 铁蹄 • Martin Eden(1909) 马丁.伊登 • The Valley of the Moon(1912) 月谷 • The Star Rover(1915) 星游人 • The Little Lady of the Big House(1916)大屋里的小妇人
The Son of the Wolf(1900)
writer
reporter
died from a gastrointestinal of uremia (尿毒 症)though it was widely supposed that he committed suicide.(at 40)
野性的呼唤_The call of wild
The Call of the Wildby Jack London1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers． He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California． Men had found gold in the Yukon， and these men wanted big， strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house， and a river nearby． In a big place like this，of course， there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs， but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back， and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897， and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying tonorth-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel， one of Mr Miller's gardeners， needed money for his large family． One day，when Mr Miller was out， Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk，Buck thought．No one saw them go， and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel， and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled， and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth． For a few moments he was unable to move， and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up， the train was still moving． The man was sitting and watching him， but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening， the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco． The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．‘A hundred． He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty． It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box． He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar． His neck still ached with pain from the rope， and he could not understand what it all meant ． What did they want withhim， these strange men？ And where was Mr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north， and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank． Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box． For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er． His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small， high－walled back garden， where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting． Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box． The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men．‘Of course，’ answered the fat man， and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe， Buck jumped at the sides， growling and biting， pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood． After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘ Now， come here， red eyes，’said the fat man， dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man， sixty kilos of anger， his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck． Just before his teeth touched the skin， the man hit him with the club． Buck fell to the ground． It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand． He stood up， and jumped again． Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man， and ten times the club hit him． Slowly he got to his feet， now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears． Then the fat man walked up and hit him again， very hard， on the nose．The pain was terrible． Again， Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped， and this time， when the man knocked him down， Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ said one of the men on the wall． Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself， reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well， Buck， my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little， and I think the best thing to do now is to stop． Be a good dog and we'll be friends． But if you're a bad dog， I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke， he touched Buck’ s head， and although Buck was angry inside， hedid not move． When the man brought him water and meat， Buck drank and then ate the meat， piece by piece， from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that） but he was not broken． He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive， and each dog was beaten by the fat man． Buck understood that a man with a club must beobeyed， although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs． Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short， dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars． It's a good price， Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price． He knew dogs， and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’ Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand， and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault． He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship． There they met another man， Francois． Perrault was a French－Canadian， but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest． And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz， as white as snow． He was friendly to Buck at first， always smiling． He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal． Francois was quick and hitSpitz before Buck had time to move． Buck decided that this was fair， and began to like Francois a little．Dave， the other dog， was not friendly． He wanted to be alone all the time． He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another， but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder． One morning， the ship's engines stopped， and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside． At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white． He jumped back in surprise． The soft， white thing was also falling through the air， and it fell onto him． He tried to smell it， and then caught some on his tongue． It bit like fire， and then dis appeared． He tried again and the same thing happened． People were watching him and laughing， and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why． It was his first snow．2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible． Every hour there was some new，frightening surprise． There was no peace， no rest—only continual noise and movement． And every minute there was danger， because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men． They knew only the law of club and tooth．Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs； they were like wolves． In a fewminutes he learnt this from watching Curly． She tried to make friends with a dog， a big one， al－though not as big as she was． There was no warning． The dog jumped on Curly， his teeth closed together， then he jumped away，and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth．Wolves fight like this，biting and jumping away，but the fight did not finish then． Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight，watching silently． Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her； he bit her a second time， and jumped away． When she attacked him again， he knocked her backwards， and she fell on the ground． She never stood up again， because this was what the other dogs were waiting for． They moved in， and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden． Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out of his mouth， laughing． Then he saw Francois with an axe， and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs． Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away． But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came backto Buck in his dreams． He understood that once a dog was down on the ground， he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing， and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise． Francois put a harness on him． Buck had seen harnesses on horses， and now he was made to work like a horse， pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire． Buck worked with Spitz and Dave．The two other dogs had worked in a har－ness before， and Buck learnt by watching them． He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．‘Those three are very good dogs，’Francois told Perrault．‘That Buck pulls very well， and he's learning quickly．’Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City， sothat afternoon he bought two more dogs， two brothers called Billee and Joe．Billee was very friendly， but Joe was the opposite． In the evening Perrault bought one more dog， an old dog with one eye ．His name was Sol-leks， which means The Angry One． Like Dave， he made no friends； all he wanted was to be alone．That night Buck discovered another problem． Where was he going to sleep？Francois and Perrault were in their tent， but when he went in， they shouted angrily and threw things at him．Outside it was very cold and windy． He lay down in the snow， but he was too cold to sleep．He walked around the tents trying to find the other dogs．But， to his surprise，they had disappeared． He walked around Perrault's tent，very， very cold，wondering what to do． Sud-denly， the snow under his feet fell in， and he felt something move． He jumped back， waiting for the attack， but heard on-ly a friendly bark． There， in a warm hole under the snow，was Billee．So that was what you had to do． Buck chose a place， dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep． He slept well， although his dreams were bad．When he woke up， at first he did not know where he was．It had snowed in thenight and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him． Suddenly he was afraid—thefear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape． Growling， he threw himself at the snow， and a moment later， he had jumped upwards into the daylight． He saw the tents and re－membered everything， from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the nightbefore．‘What did I say？’ shouted Francois to Perrault， when he saw Buck come up out of the snow．‘That Buck learns quickly．’Perrault smiled slowly． He was carrying important papers，and he needed good dogs． He was very pleased to have Buck．They bought three more dogs that morning， and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon． Buck was not sorry to be moving， and although it was hard work， he almost enjoyed it． He was also surprised to see that Dave and Sol－leks no longer looked bored and miserable．Pulling in a harness was their job， and they were happy to do it．Dave was sledge－dog， the dog nearest to the sledge．In front of him was Buck，then came Sol-leks． In front of them were the six other dogs， with Spitz as leader at the front． Francois had put Buck between Dave and Sol－leks because they could teach him the work．Buck learnt well，and they were goodteachers． When Buck pulled the wrong way， Dave always bit his leg， but only lightly． Once， when they stopped， Buck got tied up in his harness， and it took ten minutes to get started again．Both Dave and Sol－leks gave him a good beating for that mistake． Buck understood， and was more careful after that．It was a hard day's journey， up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains． They camped that night at Lake Bennett．Here there were thousands of gold miners．They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring．Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well， but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge． The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres． But the next day，and for days afterwards， they were on new snow． The work was harder and they went slowly． Usually， Perrault went in front，on snowshoes， flattening the snow a little for the dogs．Francois stayed by the sledge． Sometimes the two men changed places， but there were many small lakes and rivers，and Perrault understood ice better． He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin．Day after day Buck pulled in his harness．They started in the morning before it was light， and they stopped in the evening after dark， ate a piece of fish， and went to sleep in their holes under the snow． Buck was alwayshungry． Francoisgave him 750 grams of dried fish a day， and it was never enough． The other dogs were given only 500 grams； they were smaller and could stay dive on less food．Buck learnt to eat quickly； if he was too slow， the other dogs stole his food． He saw Pike， one of the new dogs， steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking．The next day Buck stole some and got awayunseen． Perrault was very angry， but he thought another dog， Dub， had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck．Buck was learning how to live in the north． In the south he had never stolen，but there he had never been so hungry． He stole cleverly and secretly，remembering the beatings from the man with the club．Buck was learning the law of club and tooth．He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into． He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger， harder， and could see and smell better than ever before ．In a way，he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest， killing for meat as they went．It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf， because it was in his blood． In the evenings， when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud， he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him．3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck， and as he travelled across the snow， it grew stronger and stronger． And as Buck grew stronger， he hated Spitz more and more，although he was careful never to start a fight．But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck， trying to start a fight． And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought， one of them would die．The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge．There was heavy snow and it was very cold．The lake was frozen and Francois， Perrault， and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice， under a big rock． Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish． But when he had eaten． and returned to his hole， he found Spitz in it． Buck had tried not to fight Spitz be－fore， but this was too much． He attacked him angrily． Spitz was surprised． He knew Buck was big， but he didn’ t know he was so wild． Francois was surprised too， and guessed why Buck was angry．‘Go on Buck！’ he shouted．‘Fight him， the dirty thief！’Spitz was also ready to fight， and the two dogs circled one another， looking for the chance to jump in． But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault， and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge． The dogs came from an Indian village，and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge． Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs， but the dogs， made crazy by the smell of the food，showed their teeth and fought back．Buck had never seed dogs like these． They were all skin and bone， but hunger made them fight like wild things．Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were bad－ly bitten．Dave and Sol-leks stood side by side，coveredin blood，fighting bravely． Joe and Pike jumped on one dog，and Pike broke its neck with one bite．Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood． He threw himself on the next one，and then felt teeth in his own neck．It was Spitz，attacking him from the side．Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs， but then they had to run back to save the food ． It was safer for the nine sledge－dogs to run away across the lake． Several of them were badly hurt， and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress．At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry．Half their food was gone．The Indian dogs had even eaten one ofPerrault's shoes．Francois looked at his dogs unhappily．‘Ah， my friends，’he said softly，‘Perhaps those bites will make you ill．What do you think， Perrault？’Perrault said nothing． They still had six hundred kilometres to travel， and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs．The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours be－fore they were moving，travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in．The Thirty Mile River was not frozen． It ran too fast to freeze． They spent six days trying to find a place to cross， and every step was dangerous for dogs and men． Twelve times they found ice bridges across the river， and Perrault walked carefully onto them， holding a long piece of wood． And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood， which caught on the sides of the hole．But the tempera-ture was 45° below zero， and each time Perrault fell into the water， he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself． Once，the sledge fell through the ice， with Dave and Buck， and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river．Again， a fire was needed to save them．Another time， Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards．That day they travelled only four hundred metres．When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice， Buck and the other dogs were very， very tired． But they were late， so Perrault made them run faster． In three days they went a hun－dred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers．The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges，but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south．All day he ran painfully， and when they camped for the night，he lay down like a dead dog．He was hungry，but he was too tired to walk to the fish， so Francois brought it to him．One day Francois made four little shoes for him， and this made Buck much more comfortable． Francois forgot the shoes one morning， and Buck refused to move． He lay on his back with his feet in the air， until Francois put the shoes on． Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were not needed．One morning， at the Pelly River， a dog called Delly went suddenly mad． She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck． Buck ran， with Dolly one step behind him．She could not catch him， but he could not escape from her．They ran half a kilometre， and then Buck heard Francois call to him． He turned and ran towards the man， sure that Francois would save him． Francois stood ，holding his axe，and as Buck passed， the axe crashed down on Dolly's head．Buck fell down by the sledge， too tired to move． Immedi-ately， Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice， as hard as he could． But Francois saw this， and gave Spitz a ter－rible beating for it．‘He's a wild dog， that Spitz，’said Perrault．‘One day he'll kill Buck．’‘Buck is wilder，’replied Francois．‘I've been watching him． One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz； and he'll win．’ Francois was right． Buck wanted to be lead-dog．Spitz knew this and hated him． Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy．One morning， Pike refused to get up， and Spitz looked for him everywhere． When he found him， he jumped at him．But suddenly， Buck at－tacked Spitz． The other dogs saw this， and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them．But the days passed without a chance for a fight， and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon．They stayed in Dawson for seven days． When they left，Perrault was carrying some more very important papers， and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible．They travelled eighty kilometres the first day， and the same the second． But it was difficult work for Francois． Buck and Spitz hated each other， and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more． One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz，and ate it standing next to Buck． And every time Buck went near Spitz， he growled and the hair on his back stood up angri-ly． The other dogs fought intheir harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge．He knew that Buck was the problem，but Buck was too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight．One night in camp， the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a sec-ond they were all chasing it， with Spitz in front． Nearby was another camp， with fifty dogs， who also Joined the chase． The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow， but the snow was soft， and it was more difficult for the dogs． When Spitz caught the rabbit， throwing it in the air with his teeth， Buck was just behind． Spitz stopped， and Buck hit him， very hard． The two dogs fell in the snow． Spitz bit Buck very quickly， twice， and then jumped away， watching carefully．The time had come， and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die． They watched one another， circling slowly． Themoon was shining brightly on the snow， and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees． The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch．Spitz was a good fighter． He was full of hate and anger， but he was also intelligent． Every time Buck tried to bite his throat， he met Spitz's own teeth． Then， each time Buck attacked， Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed．After a few minutes，Buck was covered in blood．He attacked again， but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz，biting his left front leg． The bone broke， and Spitz was standing on three legs． Buck tried to knock Spitz down， and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg．There was no hope for Spitz now． Buck got ready for his final attack， while the circle of sixty dogs watched， and crowded nearer and nearer， waiting for the end． At last Buck jumped， in and out， and Spitz went down in the snow． A second later the waiting pack was on top of him， and Spitz had disappeared． Buck stood and watched． The wild animal had made its kill．4 The new lead-dog‘Well， what did I say？ Buck’ s a real fighter，all right，’ said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．‘Spitz fought like a wolf，’said Perrault， as he looked at the bites all over Buck．‘And Buck fought like ten wolves，’ answered Francois．‘And we'll travel faster now． No more Spitz， no more trouble．’Francois started to harness the dogs． He needed a new lead－dog， and decidedthat Sol-leks was the best dog that he had．But Buck jumped at Sol－leks and took his place．‘Look at Buck！’ said Francois， laughing．‘He's killed Spitz， and now he wants to be lead－dog． Go away， Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Sol－leks again．Sol-leks was unhappy too． He was frightened of Buck， and when Francois turned his back， Buck took Sol-leks’ place again． Now Francois was angry．‘I'll show you！’ he cried， and went to get a heavy club from the sledge．Buck remembered the man in the red coat， and moved away． This time， when Sol-leks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in． He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully． But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave， Buck refused． He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog．For an hour the two men tried to harness him． Buck did not run away， but he did not let them catch him． Finally，Francois sat down， and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late．The two men looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Sol-leks， took off his harness， led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then he called Buck．All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move．‘Put down the club，’ said Perrault．Francois dropped the club， and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him ，and in a minute the sledge was moving．Buck was an excellent leader． He moved and thought quick－ly and led the other dogs well． A new leader made no differ－ence to Dave and Sol-leks； they continued to pull hard ．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike， the second dog，was usually lazy； but by the end of thefirst day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life． The first night in camp Buck fought Joe， another difficult dog， and after that there were no more problems with him． The team started to pull together， and to move faster and faster．‘I've never seen a dog like Buck！’cried Francois，‘Never！He's worth a thousand dollars ．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault agreed．They were moving quickly， and covering more ground every day The snow was good and hard， and no new snow fell．The temperature dropped to 45°below zero，and didn't change．This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River， and they crossed in a day．Some days they ran a hundred kilome－tres， or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever．For three days the dogs rested in Skagway．Then Francois put his arms aroundBuck's neck and said goodbye to him．And that was the last of Francois and Perrault． Like other men， they passed out of Buck's life for ever．Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson，travelling with several other dog－teams． It was heavy work； the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson． Buck did not like it， but he worked hard， and made the other dogs work hard， too． Each day was thesame． They started early， before it was light， and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate．For the dogs this was the best part of the day， first eating， then resting by the fire．Buck liked to lie by the fire， looking at the burning wood．Sometimes he thought about Mr Miller's house in California．More of ten he remembered the man in the red coat and his club， the death of Curly， the fight with Spitz， and the good things that he had eaten But sometimes he remembered other things These were things that he remembered through his parents， and his parents parents， and all the dogs which had lived before him．Sometimes as he lay there， he seemed to see， in a waking dream， a different fire． And he saw next to him， not the Indian cook， but another man， a man with shorter legs， and longer arms． This man had long hair and deep eyes， and madestrange noises in his throat He was very frightened of the dark，and looked around him all the time， holding a heavy stone in his hand ．He wore the skin of an animal on his back，and Buck could see thick hair all over his body．Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man， and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes—the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack． And he growled softly in his dream until the Indian cook shouted，‘Hey， Buck， wake up！’Then the strange world disappeared and Buck's eyes saw the real fire again．When they reached Dawson， the dogs were tired， and needed a week's rest But in two days they were moving south again， with another heavy load of letters． Both dogs and men were unhappy． It snowed every day as well， and on soft new snow it was harder work pulling the sledges．The men took good care of their dogs．In the evenings， the dogs ate first，the men second，and they always checked the dogs’ feet before they slept． But every day the dogs became weaker．Buck had pulled sledges for three thousand kilometres that winter， and he was as tired as the others．But Dave was not only tired； he was ill． Every evening he lay down the minute after the sledge stopped， and did not stand up until morning． The men looked at。
牛津书虫系列-野性的呼唤-英文版
1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers．He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California．Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big，strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big placelike this，of course，there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs，butthey were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897，and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr Miller's garden－ers，needed money for his large family．One day，when Mr Miller wasout，Manuel and Buck left the gardentogether．It was just an evening walk，Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel，and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled，and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．Hejumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth．For a few moments he was unable to move，and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up，the train was still moving．The man was sitting and watching him，but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening，the man took Buck to theback room of a bar in San Francisco．The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．‘A hundred．He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty．It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box．He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar．His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ．What did they want with him，these strange men？And where was MrMiller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north，and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank．Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box．For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er．His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small，high－walled back garden，where a fatman in an old red coat was waiting．Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box．The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men．‘Of course，’ answered the fat man，and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe，Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting，pulling with his teeth at the piecesof broken wood．After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘ Now，come here，red eyes，’ said the fat man，dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man，sixty kilos of anger，his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck．Just before his teeth touched the skin，the man hit him with theclub．Buck fell to the ground．It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand．He stood up，and jumped again．Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man，and ten times the clubhit him．Slowly he got to his feet，now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears．Then the fat man walked up and hit him again，very hard，on the nose．The pain was terrible．Again，Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time，when the man knocked him down，Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ saidone of the men on the wall．Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself，reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well，Buck，my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little，and I think the best thing to do now is to stop．Be a good dog and we'll be friends．But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke，he touched Buck’ s head，and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move．When the man brought him water and meat，Buck drank and then ate the meat，piece by piece，from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that）but he was not broken．He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive，and each dogwas beaten by the fat man．Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed，although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs．Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short，dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars．It's a good price，Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price．He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘On e in ten thousand，’ Perrault said tohimself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand，and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault．He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship．There they met another man，Francois．Perrault was a French －Canadian，but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest．And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as white as snow．He was friendly to Buck at first，always smiling．He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal．Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move．Buck decided that this was fair，and began to like Francois a little．Dave，the other dog，was not friendly．He wanted to be alone all the time．He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another，but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．One morning，the ship's engines stopped，and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside．At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white．He jumped back in surprise．The soft，white thing was alsofalling through the air，and it fell onto him．He tried to smell it，and then caught some on his tongue．It bit like fire，and then dis appeared．He tried again and the same thing happened．People were watching him and laughing，and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why．It was his first snow．2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible．Every hour there was some new，frightening surprise．There was no peace，no rest—only continual noise and movement．And every minute there was danger，because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men．They knew only the law of club and tooth．Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs；they were like wolves．In a few minutes he learnt this from watching Curly．She tried to make friends with a dog，a big one，al－though not as big as she was．There was no warning．The dog jumped on Curly，his teeth closed together，then he jumped away，and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth．Wolves fight like this，biting and jumping away，but the fight did not finish then．Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight，watching silently．Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her；he bit her a second time，and jumped away．When she attacked him again，he knocked her backwards，and she fell on the ground．She never stood up again，because this was what the other dogs were waiting for．They moved in，and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden．Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out ofhis mouth，laughing．Then he sawFrancois with an axe，and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs．Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away．But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came backto Buck in his dreams．He understood that once a dog was down on the ground，he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing，and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise．Francois put a harness on him．Buck had seen harnesses on horses，and now he was madeto work like a horse，pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire．Buck worked with Spitz and Dave．The two other dogs had worked in a har－ness before，and Buck learnt by watching them．He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．‘Those three are very good dogs，’Francois told Perrault．‘That Buck pulls very well，and he's learning quickly．Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City，so that afternoon he bought two more dogs，two brothers called Billee and Joe．Billee wasvery friendly，but Joe was the opposite．In the evening Perrault bought one more dog，an old dog with one eye ．His name was Sol-leks，which means The Angry One．Like Dave，he made no friends；all he wanted was to be alone．That night Buck discovered another problem．Where was he going to sleep？Francois and Perrault were in their tent，but when he went in，they shouted angrily and threw things at him．Outside it was very cold and windy．He lay down in the snow，but he was too cold to sleep．He walked around the tents trying to findthe other dogs．But，to his surprise，they had disappeared．He walked around Perrault's tent，very，very cold，wondering what to do．Sud-denly，the snow under his feet fell in，and he felt something move．He jumped back，waiting for the attack，but heard on-ly a friendly bark．There，in a warm hole under the snow，was Billee．So that was what you had to do．Buck chose a place，dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep．He slept well，although his dreams were bad．When he woke up，at first he did not knowwhere he was．It had snowed in the night and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him．Suddenly he was afraid—the fear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape．Growling，he threw himself at the snow，and a moment later，he had jumped upwards into the daylight．He saw the tents and re－membered everything，from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the night before．‘What did I say？’ shou ted Francois to Perrault，when he saw Buck come up out of the snow．‘That Buck learns quickly．’Perrault smiled slowly．He was carrying important papers，and he needed good dogs．He was very pleased to have Buck．They bought three more dogs that morning，and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon．Buck was not sorry to bemoving，and although it was hard work，he almost enjoyed it．He was also surprised to see that Dave and Sol－leks no longer looked bored and miserable．Pulling in a harness was their job，and they were happy to do it．Dave was sledge－dog，the dog nearest tothe sledge．In front of him was Buck，then came Sol-leks．In front of them were the six other dogs，with Spitz as leader at the front．Francois had put Buck between Dave and Sol－leks because they could teach him the work．Buck learnt well，and they were good teachers．When Buck pulled the wrong way，Dave always bit his leg，but only lightly．Once，when they stopped，Buck got tied up in his harness，and it took ten minutes to get started again．Both Dave and Sol－leks gave him a good beating for that mistake．Buck understood，and was more careful after that．It was a hard day's journey，up the DyeaCanyon and into the mountains．They camped that night at Lake Bennett．Herethere were thousands of gold miners．They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring．Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well，but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge．The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres．But the next day，and for days afterwards，they were on new snow．The work was harder and they went slowly．Usually，Perrault went in front，on snowshoes，flattening the snow a littlefor the dogs．Francois stayed by the sledge．Sometimes the two men changed places，but there were many small lakes and rivers，and Perrault understood ice better．He always knew when the ice acro ss a river was very thin．Day after day Buck pulled in his harness．They started in the morning before it was light，and they stopped in the evening after dark，ate a piece of fish，and went to sleep in their holes under the snow．Buck was always hungry．Francoisgave him 750 grams of dried fish a day，and it was never enough．The other dogs were given only 500 grams；they were smaller and could staydive on less food．Buck learnt to eat quickly；if he was tooslow，the other dogs stole his food．Hesaw Pike，one of the new dogs，steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking．The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen．Perrault was very angry，but he thought another dog，Dub，had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck．Buck was learning how to live in the north．In the south he had never stolen，but there he had never been so hungry．He stole cleverly and secretly，remembering thebeatings from the man with the club．Buck was learning the law of club and tooth．He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into．He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger，harder，and could see and smell better than ever before ．In a way，he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest，killing for meat as they went．It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf，because it was in his blood．In the evenings，when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long andloud，he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him．3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck，and as he travelled across the snow，it grew stronger and stronger．And as Buck grewstronger，he hated Spitz more and more，although he was careful never to start a fight．But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck，trying to start a fight．And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought，one ofthem would die．The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge．There was heavy snow and it was very cold．The lake was frozen and Francois，Perrault，and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice，under a big rock．Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish．But when he had eaten．and returned to his hole，he found Spitz in it．Buck had tried not to fight Spitz be－fore，but this was too much．He attacked him angrily．Spitz was surprised．He knew Buck was big，but he didn’ t know he was so wild．Francois wassurprised too，and guessed why Buck was angry．‘Go on Buck！’ h e shouted．‘Fight him，the dirty thief！’Spitz was also ready to fight，and the two dogs circled one another，looking for the chance to jump in．But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault，and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge．Thedogs came from an Indian village，and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge．Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs，but the dogs，made crazy by the smell of the food，showed their teeth and fought back．Buck had never seed dogs like these．Theywere all skin and bone，but hunger madethem fight like wild things．Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were bad－ly bitten．Dave and Sol-leks stood side by side，covered in blood，fighting bravely．Joe and Pike jumped on one dog，and Pike broke its neck with one bite．Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood．He threw himself on the next one，and then felt teeth in his own neck．It was Spitz，attacking him from the side．Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs，but then they had to run back to savethe food ．It was safer for the nine sledge －dogs to run away across the lake．Several of them were badly hurt，and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress．At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry．Half their food was gone．The Indian dogs had even eaten one of Perrault's shoes．Francois looked at his dogs unhappily．‘Ah，my friends，’he said softly，‘Perhaps those bites will make you ill．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault said nothing．They still had sixhundred kilometres to travel，and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs．The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours be－fore they were moving，travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in．The Thirty Mile River was not frozen．It ran too fast to freeze．They spent six daystrying to find a place to cross，and every step was dangerous for dogs and men．Twelve times they found ice bridges across the river，and Perrault walked carefully onto them，holding a long piece ofwood．And twelve times he fell through abridge and was saved by the piece of wood，which caught on the sides of the hole．But the tempera-ture was 45° below zero，andeach time Perrault fell into the water，he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself．Once，the sledge fell through the ice，with Dave and Buck，and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river．Again，a fire was needed to save them．Another time，Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards．That day they travelled only four hundred metres．When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice，Buck and the other dogs were very，very tired．But they were late，so Perrault made them run faster．In three days they went a hun－dred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers．The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges，but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south．All day he ran painfully，and when they camped for the night，he lay down like a dead dog．He was hungry，but he was too tired to walk to the fish，so Francois brought it to him．One day Francois made four little shoes for him，andthis made Buck much more comfortable．Francois forgot the shoes onemorning，and Buck refused to move．He lay on his back with his feet in the air，until Francois put the shoes on．Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were notneeded．One morning，at the Pelly River，a dogcalled Delly went suddenly mad．She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck．Buck ran，with Dolly one step behind him．She could not catch him，but he could not escape from her．They ran half a kilometre，and then Buck heard Francois call to him．He turned and ran towards the man，sure that Francois wouldsave him．Francois stood ，holding his axe，and as Buck passed，the axe crashed down on Dolly's head．Buck fell down by the sledge，too tired to move．Immedi-ately，Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice，as hard as he could．But Francois saw this，and gave Spitz a ter－rible beating for it．‘He's a wild dog，that Spitz，’said Perrault．‘One day he'll kill Buck．’‘Buck is wilder，’replied Francois．‘I've been watching him．One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz；and he'll win．’Francois was right．Buck wanted to belead-dog．Spitz knew this and hatedhim．Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy．One morning，Pike refused to get up，and Spitz looked for him everywhere．When he found him，he jumped at him．But suddenly，Buck at－tacked Spitz．The other dogs saw this，and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them．But the days passed without a chance for a fight，and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon．They stayed in Dawson for seven days．When they left，Perrault was carrying some more very important papers，and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible．They travelled eighty kilometres the first day，and the same the second．But it wasdifficult work for Francois．Buck andSpitz hated each other，and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more．One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz，and ate it standing next to Buck．And every time Buck went near Spitz，he growled andthe hair on his back stood up angri-ly．The other dogs fought in their harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge．He knew that Buck was the problem，but Buck was too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight．One night in camp，the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a sec-ond they were all chasing it，with Spitz in front．Nearby wasanother camp，with fifty dogs，who also Joined the chase．The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow，but the snow was soft，and it was more difficult for the dogs．When Spitz caught the rabbit，throwing it in the air with his teeth，Buck was just behind．Spitz stopped，and Buck hit him，very hard．The two dogs fell in the snow．Spitz bit Buck very quickly，twice，and then jumped away，watching carefully．The time had come，and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die．They watched one another，circling slowly．Themoon wasshining brightly on the snow，and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees．The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch．Spitz was a good fighter．He was full of hate and anger，but he was also intelligent．Every time Buck tried to bite his throat，he met Spitz's ownteeth．Then，each time Buck attacked，Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed．After a few minutes，Buck was covered in blood．He attacked again，but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz，biting his left front leg．The bone broke，and Spitz was standing on three legs．Bucktried to knock Spitz down，and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg．There was no hope for Spitz now．Buck got ready for his final attack，while the circle of sixty dogs watched，and crowded nearer and nearer，waiting for the end．At last Buck jumped，in and out，and Spitz went down in the snow． A second later the waiting pack was on top of him，and Spitz had disappeared．Buck stood and watched．The wild animal had made itskill．4 The new lead-dog‘Well，what did I say？Buck’ s a real fighter，all right，’ said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．‘Spitz fought like a wolf，’said Perrault，as he looked at the bites all over Buck．‘And Buck fought like ten wolves，’ answered Francois．‘And we'll travel faster now．No moreSpitz，no more trouble．’Francois started to harness the dogs．He needed a new lead－dog，and decided that Sol-leks was the best dog that he had．But Buck jumped at Sol－leks and took his place．‘Look at Buck！’ said Francois，laughing．‘He's killed Spitz，and now he wants to be lead－dog．Go away，Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Sol－leks again．Sol-leks was unhappy too．He was frightened of Buck，and when Francois turned his back，Buck took Sol-leks’ place again．Now Francois was angry．‘I'll show you！’ he cried，and went to get aheavy club from the sledge．Buck remembered the man in the red coat，and moved away．This time，when Sol-leks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in．He kept a few metres away and circledaround Francois carefully．But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave，Buck refused．He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog．For an hour the two men tried to harness him．Buck did not run away，but he did not let them catch him．Finally，Francois sat down，and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late．The two men looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Sol-leks，took off his harness，led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then he called Buck．All the other dogs were harnessed andthe only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move．‘Put down the club，’ said Perrault．Francois dropped the club，and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him ，and in a minute the sledge was moving．Buck was an excellent leader．He moved and thought quick－ly and led the other dogs well．A new leader made no differ－ence to Dave and Sol-leks；they continued to pull hard ．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike，the second dog，was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life．The first night in camp Buck fought Joe，another difficult dog，and after that there were no more problems with him．The team started to pull together，and to move faster and。
野性的呼唤中英对照
The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers． He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California． Men had found gold in the Yukon， and these men wanted big， strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house， and a river nearby． In a big place like this，of course， there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs， but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here， and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back， and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897， and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel， one of Mr Miller's garden－ers， needed money for his large family． One day，when Mr Miller was out， Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk， Buck thought．No one saw them go， and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel， and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled， and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth． For a few moments he was unable to move， and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up， the train was still moving． The man was sitting and watching him， but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening， the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco． The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．第 1 页 共 42 页‘A hundred． He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty． It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here， help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box． He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar． His neck still ached with pain from the rope， and he could not understand what it all meant ． What did they want with him， these strange men？ And where was Mr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north， and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank． Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box． For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er． His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small， high－walled back garden， where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting． Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box． The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men． ‘Of course，’ answered the fat man， and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe， Buck jumped at the sides， growling and biting， pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood． After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out． ‘ Now， come here， red eyes，’ said the fat man， dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man， sixty kilos of anger， his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck． Just before his teeth touched the skin， the man hit him with the club． Buck fell to the ground． It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand． He stood up， and jumped again． Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man， and ten times the club hit him． Slowly he got to his feet， now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears． Then the fat man walked up and hit him again， very hard， on the nose．The pain was terrible． Again， Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped， and this time， when the man knocked him down， Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ said one of the men on the wall． Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．第 2 页 共 42 页‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself， reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well， Buck， my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little， and I think the best thing to do now is to stop． Be a good dog and we'll be friends． But if you're a bad dog， I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke， he touched Buck’ s head， and although Buck was angry inside， he did not move． When the man brought him water and meat， Buck drank and then ate the meat， piece by piece， from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that） but he was not broken． He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive， and each dog was beaten by the fat man． Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed， although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs． Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short， dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars． It's a good price， Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price． He knew dogs， and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’ Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand， and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault． He took them to a ship， and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship． There they met another man， Francois． Perrault was a French－Canadian， but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fairmen，calm and honest． And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz， as white as snow． He was friendly to Buck at first， always smiling． He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal． Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move． Buck decided that this was fair， and began to like Francois a little．Dave， the other dog， was not friendly． He wanted to be alone all the time． He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another， but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．第 3 页 共 42 页One morning， the ship's engines stopped， and there was a feeling of excitement inthe ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside． At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white． He jumped back in surprise． The soft， white thing was also falling through the air， and it fell onto him． He tried to smell it， and then caught some on his tongue． It bit like fire， and then dis appeared． He tried again and the same thing happened． People were watching him and laughing， and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why． It was his first snow．1 北部之旅巴克不曾读过报纸，他不知道人们需要高大强壮能够在北方的严寒和冰雪中工作的狗。
双语阅读：野性的呼唤
[野性的呼唤 / 杰克·伦敦著]The Call of the Wild by Jack London■简介在加利福尼亚的家里，巴克过着安逸舒适的生活。
他是那儿最高大强壮的狗，地位举足轻重。
他和孩子们一同散步，在水中嬉戏，冬天的时候他就坐在主人的炉火边取暖。
但是在1897年，人们在育空河发现了金矿，他们需要像巴克这样的狗。
于是巴克被从家乡偷运到北方。
他在那里学会了拉雪撬，在冰天雪地中日复一日地跋涉。
他学会了偷食以慰饥肠，破冰取水解渴，还学会了反击来对付那些欺负他的狗。
而且他学得很快。
不久巴克成为了北方所有著名的拉雪撬的狗之一。
但是北部是狼群出没的森林，在那里他们对着明月长嗥。
野性的呼唤在巴克的梦中回响，越来越响亮……杰克·伦敦1876年生于旧金山，死于 1916年。
他出身穷苦，在他短暂的一生中他有丰富的经历——海员、工人、育空河的淘金人、旅行家、记者和作家。
他写了很多书，但是其中以《野性的呼唤》和另一本写狗的书《白芳》，最广为流传。
■ 1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers． He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California． Men had found gold in the Yukon， and these men wanted big， strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house， and a river nearby． In a big place like this，of course， there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs， but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here， and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back， and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897， and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel， one of Mr Miller's garden－ers， needed money for his large family． One day，when Mr Miller was out，Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk， Buck thought．No one saw them go， and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel， and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled， and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth． For a few moments he was unable to move， and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up， the train was still moving． The man was sitting and watching him， but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening， the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco． Thebarman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．‘A hundred． He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty． It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box． He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar． His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ． What did they want with him， these strange men？ And where was Mr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north， and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank． Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box． For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er． His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small， high－walled back garden， where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting． Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box． The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men．‘Of course，’answered the fat man， and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe， Buck jumped at the sides， growling and biting， pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood． After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘ Now， come here， red eyes，’said the fat man， dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man， sixty kilos of anger， his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck． Just before his teeth touched the skin， the man hit him with the club． Buck fell to the ground． It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand． He stood up， and jumped again． Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man， and ten times the club hit him． Slowly he got to his feet， now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears． Then the fat man walked up and hit him again， very hard， on the nose．The pain was terrible． Again， Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped， and this time， when the man knocked him down， Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ said one of the men on the wall． Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself， reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well， Buck， my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little， and I think the best thing to do now is to stop． Be a good dog and we'll be friends． But if you're a bad dog， I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke， he touched Buck’ s head， and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move． When the man brought him water and meat， Buck drank and then ate the meat， piece by piece， from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that） but he was not broken． He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive， and each dog was beaten by the fat man． Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed，although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs． Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short， dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars． It's a good price， Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price． He knew dogs， and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’ Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand， and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault． He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship． There they met another man， Francois． Perrault was a French－Canadian， but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest． And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz， as white as snow． He was friendly to Buck at first， always smiling． He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal． Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move． Buck decided that this was fair， and began to like Francois a little．Dave， the other dog， was not friendly． He wanted to be alone all the time． He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another， but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder． One morning， the ship's engines stopped， and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside． At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white． He jumped back in surprise． The soft， white thing was also falling through the air， and it fell onto him． He tried to smell it， and then caught some on his tongue． It bit like fire， and then dis appeared． He tried again and the same thing happened． People were watching him and laughing， and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why． It was his first snow．■ 1 北部之旅巴克不曾读过报纸，他不知道人们需要高大强壮能够在北方的严寒和冰雪中工作的狗。
(完整版)野性的呼唤(英文版)
The Call of the Wild: Background
The gold prospectors, known as “Klondikers,” faced harsh conditions: • temperatures 40 degrees below zero • starvation and
The Call of the Wild
Born: January 12, 1876 San Francisco, California United States Died: November 22, 1916 (aged 40) Glen Ellen, California United States Occupation :Novelist, journalist, short story writer and essayist
River
the United States
The CallIn August 1896, gold was discovered in Rabbit Creek in the Yukon Territory of western Canada.
The Call of the Wild: Background
Jack London
A realistic writer
Life Experiences
Writing Style
Major Works
Life Experiences
1890
child laborer in a cannery (at 14)
野性的呼唤(thecallofthewild)习题及答案
The Call of the Wild一、故事简介：从小生活在温室环境中的巴克被偷着拐卖到原始荒野当雪橇狗。
残酷的现实触动了巴克由于人类文明的长久熏陶而向大自然回归的本能和意识。
恶劣的生存环境锻炼了巴克，他在历练中不断成长．最终通过战胜狗王斯匹茨而赢得了拉雪橇狗群中的头把交椅。
当残暴的哈尔将巴克打得遗体鳞伤、奄奄一息时，约翰·桑顿的解救让巴克感受到温暖并决定誓死效忠恩主，但恩主的遇害彻底打碎了巴克对于人类社会的留恋，从而促使巴克坚定决心，毅然走向荒野，回归自然。
二、考题1.The author of “The Call of the wild” is Jack London .2.( D）The main idea of the extracts above is probably that .A.It was not easy for Buck, a dog from the south, to live in the north.B.Buck, a dog from the south, began to learn lessons from thehard life in the north.C.Some people were evil enough to steal dogs and sell them for moneyD.Buck, a dog from the south, was explosed to harsh environment in the north.3.（B）What kind of dog did the gold-seeker want They wanted .A.Heavy dogsB.strong long-haired dogsC.Small dogs with furry coatsD.Fierce dogs good at fighting4.（B）Manuel stole and sold Buck because .A.he needed money to support his familyB.he spent more than he earnedC.Judge Miller was cruel to himD.Buck bit and hated him5.（ D ）The fat man cruelly beat Buck with a club to .A.make him unconsciousB.punish himC.kill him for his rageD.make him obey6.（B）During the imprisonment on the train, Buck was desperate for .A.foodB. drinkC. a blanketD. friends7.（ C ）Where did dogs sleep in the cold winter They slept .A.in the campB.near the fireC.under the snowD.in the forest8.（ C ）How many huskies were there in the team of nine dogsA.EightB. SevenC. SixD. Five9.（C）The huskies from a nearby Indian village came to the camp .A.to fight with the team dogsB.to watch the flight between Buck and SpitzC.to look for foodD.to growl with each other10.（C）The indian dogs that attacked the team of Perraultand Francois can be said to be all of the following but .A.bony and skinnyB.wild and war-likeC.strong and fairD.hungry and crazy11.（D）Buck soon learned that Perrault and Francois .A.were as bad as the fat man who hit him with a clubB.liked him as much as Mr. Miller didC.only knew how to make dogs work for themD.were fair and honest men12.（B）Francois made four little shoes for Buck because .A.Buck worked the hardestB.Buck’s feet were not hard enough yetC.Buck was Francois’ favourite dogD.Buck asked for them insistently13.（B）Why is Buck a dangerous rival to Spitz Because .A.Buck is largerB.Buck is more intelligentC.Buck is more patientD.Buck is more cruel14.（B）During the first part of the flight, .A.Spitz suffered from serious woundsB.Buck was too eager to attack wiselyC.Buck was untouchedD.Spitz ran away for fear15.（A）Buck won the battle for survival because of his .A.imaginationB.strenghthC.experienceD.courage16.Buck’s trying to be the new lead-dog proves all that is in his nature except D .A.IntelligentB. ambitionC. hard workD. timidness17.（B）What made Dave happy .A.Eating his portion of foodB.Being in harnessC.Spending the night in the snowD.Becoming the leader of the dog team18.（B）After the gamble, Thornton and his partners traveled in the wilderness .A.with a lot of foodB.in search of an old gold mineC.steadily day after dayD.with a mapped destination19.( C )At the end of their wandering, they found .A.the lost gold mineB.fifty pounds of gold dustC.a valley rich in goldD.a treasure island20.（C）Buck cornered a wolf many times .A.to frighten himB.to fight with himC.to make friends with himD.to pay tricks on him21.（ A ）A moose could kill his enemy with .A.its horns and hoofsB.its heavy weightC.its patienceD.its intelligence22.（ A ）The Yeehats used as their weapons.A.arrowsB. gunsC. knivesD. sleds23.The author’s purpose in telling this story is to .A.reveal some people’s cruelty to animalsB.remind us of the contribution of dogs in the exploitation of the northC.point out that dogs can also be good workersD.demonstrate how dogs, like humans, learn to adapt themselves to a new life24.What do you know about dogs Use some words to describe them. Carnivorous, Friendly, Dangerous, Useful, Intelligent, Loyal, Faithful, Domesticated, Strong.25.What country does Alaska belong toThe USA.26.Where is Alaska locatedIn the north west of Canada.27.What is the climate likeIt is very cold and often snows heavily in winter.28.What wild animals live therePolar bears, brown bears, wolves, eagles and foxes.29.Who were the first inhabitants of AlaskaThe first inhabitants of Alaska arrived from Asia during the Ice Age.30.Why did Alaska suddenly became famous at the end of the 19th centuryPeople discovered gold there.31.How did Buck feel when he saw the rope around his neck was given to a stangerHe was angry.32.What’s the introduction into the world of primitive law Obeying the man with the club.33.How was Buck taken from South California to the northFirst by train and then by ship.34.What did Buck mean by“fair play”Respect and treat each other in a decent way.35.What lessons did he learn to help him surviveHe learned how to dig a hole in the snow to keep warm while sleeping, how to behave while pulling the sled and how to steal food without being caught to avoid hunger.36.What type of men are Perrault and FrancoisThey are hard workers who are not afraid to take risks and determined to get their destination.37.What does Francois mean when he says:‘he’ll chew Spitz and spit him out on the snow’Francois thinks Buck will eventually defeat Spitz.38.Why was Buck called ‘the primitive beast’Because he used his primitive instincts to win the fight.39.How did the men feel when they knew that Spitz was dead They were not surprised and thought there wouldn’t be trouble in the team anymore.40.What did Francois and Perrault think about Buck WhyThey thought that Buck was very good because he knew how to make the dog team work well.41.What did Buck dream aboutBuck dreamed about a primitive man.42.What was the ‘earlier world’ that Buck dreamed ofThe ‘earlier world’ was a world thousands of years ago.43.Who was the ‘short, hairy man’The ‘short, hairy man’ was a primitive man.44.Why was this world important to BuckThis world was important to Buck because by following his instincts he was getting closer and closer to an older and more promitive way of life.45.What happened to DaveDave got ill and was shot to death.46.What were Buck’s new owners likeBuck’s new owners were two men and a woman. The men were out of place and the woman was unhelpful. They were unorganised.47.Both men were clearly out of place, and why people like them had come to the north was a mystery. What does the italicized part ‘out of place’ meanThey were not suitable and incapable.48.Why couldn’t the dogs move the sled though they pulled hard Because the sled was frozen to the ground.49.Why was it inevitable that Charles and Hal were certain to failThey lacked experience in mastering dogs as well as the surrounding. What’s more, they always disagreed with each other on everything.50.What does the phrase ‘ dead tired’ meanExtremely tired.51.Why did the food of the team go shortBecause they lacked order, discipline, and careful calculation.52.What happened to DubHal shot him with his pistol.53.What kind of person was MercedesChangeable, timid, sympathetic.54.What happened to BillieHal killed him with an axe.55.What’s Thornton’s reaction to their question WhyShort and cold answers. Because he knew they wouldn’t follow his advice.56.What did Hal do when Buck refused to advanceHe whipped and clubbed Buck cruelly.57.What did Buck sense when he refused to goDanger close at hand.58.What happened to the teamThey all fell into the river and disappeared.59.How has Buck changed from the start of the storyBuck has learnt how to survive in any situation.60.What kind of dog is he nowHe is strong and intelligent with a highly developed survival instinct.61.Why did Buck attack ‘Black’ BurtonBecause Burton punched Thornton unexpectedly.62.Why did Buck love his master so muchBecause Thornton understood and loved him.63.In the gamble, which side did most people support Mathewson’s side against Thornton.64.What is the ‘mysterious thing that called’It is Buck’s natural instinct calling to him.65.How did Buck feel when he ran with his wild brother Happy.66.Why did Buck decide to leave the wolfBecause he didn’t want to leave Thornton.67.On entering the forest, what did Buck becomeA wild thing.68.What changed in Buck now WhyBuck no longer felt the need to stay in civilised society asThornton was dead. He was free to become wild.69.Who was the ‘Ghost Dog’Buck.70.How did Buck gradually change from a peaceful household pet into a wild beast who returned to the forestBuck, a pet dog, was stolen and sold to be a sled dog in the north. In the hostile environment, Buck learnt how to survive in dealing with different masters and dogs. At last, Buck lived with his wild brothers in the forest.71.What things did Buck learn in his first few days in Alaska Buck learned how to survive.72.What is the significance of Spitz in the storySpitz was Buck’s antagonist in the story. In order to defeat Spitz, Buck became cunning and fierce.73.What was the problem with Buck’s feet, and how did Francois solve itBuck’s feet were soft and Francois made little shoes for him.74.What did the Huskies do at nine, twelve and three o’clock each night in DawsonWhy is this important in Buck’s developmentThe huskies howled at these times. This helped Buck get in touch with his primitive side.75.What helped Buck’s team break the record on the way back from Dawson with Francois and PerraultThey made the record run because the weather conditions were good.76.What trick did Buck use to beat Spitz in the final fight Buck pretended he was going to jump and bite in the usual placebut at least minute he attacked Spitz a different way.77.When Buck lay by the fire who and what did he dream about How is this connected to the title of the bookBuck dreamt of an ancient primitive world and a man living in that world. His dream represents the ‘Wild’ in the title of the book.78.Who bought Buck and his team when they got back to Skaguay What were these men likeTwo men from the States bought Buck and the team. They lacked order and discipline. The men did not know how to do anything.79.How does Buck come to live with John ThorntonJohn Thornton saw Hal hitting Buck and he intervened and saved him.80.Who does Buck meet in the forest What do they do togetherHe meets a wolf and they run through the forest together.81.What happens at the camp while Buck is awayThe camp is attacked by Yeehat Indians and all the men are killed.82.What does Buck do in the endIn the end Buck becomes wild.83.Trace the changes Buck makes throughout the story. What is he like at the beginning What is he like at the endAt the start of the book Buck is strong and good-natured. He belongs to Judge Miller and has an easy and comfortable life. At the end of the book he has developed his survival instinct to the full and has returned to the primitive world.84.How does Buck react when he sees what has happened at John Thornton’s campBuck rushes at the Yeehat Indians like a hurricane attacking and killing them.85.How does Buck win the respect of the wolf packHe wins the respect of the wolf pack by defending himself and fighting them off.86.Who tells the story ‘The Call of the Wild’ Buck John Thornton Another character Who else Explain the reason for your choice.The story is told by a third person narrator who is not in the story.87.How is the story ‘The Call of the Wild’ toldWith a linear plot that moves directly from A to B to C. 88.What is the effect of this way of story-telling Think of thebooks and stories you have read. How are they toldThis gives us a sense of Buck’s development and how events affect and change him.89.How many years does the book coverThe book covers a period of more than two years.90.What are the main events in the story ‘The Call of the Wild’Buck’s arrival in Alaska.91.What events in the story bring Buck closer to ‘the wild’His instincts, his dreams and his meeting with the wolf.92.What does London mean at the end of the story when he says that Buck ‘howls out the song of the younger world’He means that Buck is still not in touch with his wilder, primitive side.。
野性的呼唤(英文版)
But this was 1897， and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel， one of Mr Miller's garden－ers， needed money for his large family． One day，when Mr Miller was out， Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk， Buck thought．No one saw them go， and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel， and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．
1 To the north
Buck did not read the newspapers． He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California． Men had found gold in the Yukon， and these men wanted big， strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．
They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box． He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar． His neck still ached with pain from the rope， and he could not understand what it all meant ． What did they want with him， these strange men？ And where was Mr Miller？
野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版
野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版（精选11篇）《野性的呼唤》，又名《荒野的呼唤》（The Call of the Wild），美国著名作家杰克伦敦所著。
作品以一只狗的经历表现文明世界的狗在主人的逼迫下回到野蛮，写的是狗，也反映人的世界。
热望本已在，蓬勃脱尘埃；沉沉长眠后，野性重归来。
巴克原是米勒法官家的一只爱犬，经过了文明的教化，一直生活在美国南部加州一个温暖的山谷里。
后被卖到美国北部寒冷偏远、盛产黄金的阿拉斯加，成了一只拉雪橇的狗。
以下是小编为大家带来的野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版，希望大家喜欢。
野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇1“When the long winter nights come on and the wolves follow their meat into the lower valleys, he may be seen running at the head of the back through the pale moonlight or glimmering borealis, leaping gigantic above his followers, his great throat a bellow as he sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack.”There was a script about the savage life in the frozen north of ice and snow. There were the unexplored north areas of America and the 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush which dragged men from the entire world into the hard wild to look for gold. There was a road where a gigantic dog like human fought his way to struggle in the wasteland. There was a civilized beast grew from mildness to wildness. And there came the call of the wild.The background and plotIn the 19th century, it was said that gold had been found in the Klondike area in Northern California of vast wilderness, so thousands of people rushed into this uncultivated ground to seekfor gold and fortune, which needed a large quantity of dogs to support for the transportation. There came up Buck story which we can’t define it as luckiness or unluckiness.Buck, a dog weighed one hundred and forty pounds, tall, strong, and heavy muscled, lived a cozy and comfortable life in a rich family of a Judge named Miller, but was soled by evil gardener to two dog dealers and was took to Alaska as a sled dog.Led by his second masters, two governmental couriers, he studied how to pull a sled and how to live in this cruel world where needed more cunning behavior and less fake moral and courtesy. For example, he learned to sleep in the snow hole to get warmness from the clod nights, and he learned to thief bacon and food from his masters and neighboring camps, as well as that, he learned how to fight effectively and efficiently with his antagonists and survive of the combat about the dominant leader with Spitz. In addition to those, he also went through the hardships in the toil on the ice layer, and he learned how to obtain the victory and stand on the wilderness which was beneficial to himself who can only fit the environment, but can’t defy the harness.After the arduous trace and trail, they finally reached the destination, and then, after a short break, dogs including Buck led by a Scotch half-breed man stepped again on the ice land with the Salt Water Mail. It was a hard trip and a monotonous life operating like machine that dogs must undertake the heave pulling and poor condition where they were tired and short of weight. Buck’ partner, Dave who had something wrong inside suffered most of all, but pride as he was, pulling the sled was his holy missionary job which can fulfill his life and must be doneuntil his death. However, the tough work was still continuous.Thirty days passes, by which time Buck and his mates found how really tired and weak they are until they arrived at the last town. They were in a wretched state, worn out and worn out, which was not the tiredness that came from a brief and excessive effort and can be recovered from some hours’ rest, but was the dead tiredness that came through the slow and prolonged strength drainage of months of toil and had to need a long vocation to evacuate. Nevertheless, only three days after they were bought by a family including a foolish woman, a callow and ignorant youngster, and a middle aged man with weak and watery eyes. Never mind of dog’s frazzle, the third masters t ried their best to lash out at them with whip, but Buck was not under very good command and not proud and interested of this career. Until they reached at the camp of Thornton, with the natural instinct and extreme weariness, Buck tolerated the whip from his so called masters and refused to go ahead which was his luckiness to meet his last master, Thornton.Without doubt, Thornton was a good master, full of wisdom, intelligence and love who can manage Buck’s life comfortably and in order. By the careful attendance form his new master, Buck was on his feet quickly and solidly. Filled with the loying love toward his master, Buck companied him, saved his life for several times and helped him win the gambling party. Then, they faced into the East on an unknown trail to achieve where men and dogs as good as themselves has failed, as the call from the wild became stronger and stronger which attracted Buck to leave the civilization to look for. The knife that cut out the bound of Buck between his masters was the mas ter’s deaths which left a void in the dog’s heart and a strengthened calling from the wild.Buck, a civilized dog, finally went back to wolves after thousands of generation by singing a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack.Survive of the fittestThe Call of the Wild abounded in Darwinism which advocated the evolutionism and natural selection theory.In the process of having to leave the comfortable Miller’s house and adapt to the harsh primitive snowfield, Buck went through the changes from the mildness to wildness where he studied the law of club and fang and admitted the rule of failure without progress. “He had learned well the law of club and fang, and he never forewent an advantage or drew back from a foe he had started on the way t o death.” “He must master or be mastered,” “Kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law; and this mandate, down out of the depths of time, he obeyed.”After analysis, we can find that related to the Darwinism, learning ability was an important factor of the victory of living of Buck. As a south dog living in the rich family and innocent environment, Buck was not wary of Manuel’s uncommon behavior, but situation has changed entirely after a period of barbaric life: he showed hostility to his all possible mates and took precaution of everything. As well as that, throwing away the moral standard and facing the death of starvation, Buck had an ability of thief. “This first theft marked Buck as fit to survive in the hostile Northland environment. It marked his adaptability, his capacity to adjust himself to changing conditions, the lack of which would have meat swift and terrible death.” In addition to those, his muscles became hard as iron, and he grew dumb to all ordinary pain, and he can successful take full use of all the elements no matter internal or external. That’s the progressionof Buck which can equip him with thick helmets from being hurt deeply and made him be the fittest.Not only did he learnt by experience, but instincts long dead became alive again. Maybe knowledge acquired by learning was Buck’s left hand, instincts his right. Good pedigree set up his first sense of a tall, strong and muscular potential king, while the instinct helped him to learn fast and save his life. “It was no task for him to learn to fight with cut and slash and the quick wolf snap.” “They came to him without effort or discovery, as though they had been his always.”Buck changed as his living environment changed. With the change of environment, Buck, compared to the previous southern family dog that was mild and gentle, acquired many abilities and skills. He tried his best to live by becoming cunning, cold-blood, and cruel which make him step forward on the road of corpse and blood. Survive of the fittest which is demonstrated by adaptation to the environment and wielding the law to protect himself and attack on others made him roared on the top of the food chain and return to wolves.All what Buck has done was not due to his reason and thought, but due to his fit. He was fit to everything surrounding him unconsciously and put him to the new way of living quickly.“The theory, ‘Survival of the fittest’, is the law of biological evolution which implies that plants or animals adapt to the environment to survive or to dieit is the biological survival rule of brutal biosphere.” That is to say, the key of this law is that those who can fit the environment can survive, on the contrary, those failed to fit would be obsolete under the rule of elimination.Peeping at Buck and his struggle, we can have a vision of us human that was also fighting in the battlefield with our matesand against our enemy. Filled with bustling stuff, we tried our best to stand on the top of right and authority only because that position would give us more materials and the sense of pride which we depended on to live. Flowers in the greenhouse didn’t know about the hardship of living, so they showed goodwill and send aroma to others; while life in the ice field where wind was blowing like knife and thick snow can bury people only showed a will of survive and cut up the useless goodness to wear on the coldness.We must do it because we had to do it. The pack of animal was like a society of people. Death and genocide would happen on us if we were not willing to fit the environment thoroughly. To dance with the shackle of survive of the fittest was the policy we should carry out forever, the reason why our human stood on the top of biologic chain, and the rule of living of every individual.My opinion on virtue and viceSome people had said virtue was the biggest treasure that human should obey. There is no doubt that kindness, loyalty, honor, love, companionship, sympathy, mercy, and other virtue should be followed. However, I argue that there is transformation between different virtue and even the virtue and vice.Showing the feature of three animals: dog, wolf and human, Buck was the bridge that connected the past and present. As the production of human civilization, dog was evolved from wolf and they would still howl on the wilderness if human didn’t raise and train them.Buck was a mirror from which we can see ourselves. Through this dog, writer told us that only in a place where sun darted its forth beams and everything was in order human will wear the coat of basic goodness, otherwise, kindness would be eliminatedif it met with the club and fang. In the cruel process of primitive accumulation of capitalism, mercy and sympathy was not needed for those quality can lead to death of innocent people. In the period of survive of the fittest, life was not concerned with civilization, while wilderness was the real marrow of life and echoing for the wilderness was the beginning of revival. Buck realized that “Mercy did not exist in the primordial life. It was misunderstood for fear, and such misunderstanding made for death.” This phenomenon can be seen in dogs as well as human. Wilderness were calling for human and eliminating the kindness in human’s heart stealthily.In A Treatise of Human Nature, British philosopher David Hume has said moral came from human’s emotion and conscience but not rationality. The essence of moral existed in the perceptual knowledge, but not rational knowledge. Therefore, the reason why moral distinctions had the division of virtue and vice was that the judgment of moral came from human’s attitude toward their internal actions and external objects. The judgment of moral came from our interest appeal; that is to say, the judgment of moral came from what was good to us, but not what is good.Let us think the question that which direction of Buck’s change to a beast was, progression or retrogression? The answer was that we can’t answer because he survived due to that he threw away those so called virtue and carry out those so called villainy. All what Buck did was under the pressure of living, and he responded to the call of the wild only because he wanted to live. Maybe in the comfortable and civilized Judge’s house, he would stick to the standard of moral and protect the respect of Judge’s riding wh ip by dying under his whip. But in this coldfield, sticking to those so called moral was a fool. Possibly in this kind of world, brutality, cold-bloodedness, cunning and so on was the moral.The division of virtue and vice was the refection of the division of civilization and wilderness to some degree. Maybe we can’t define what moral was and what vice was now in some scene, but we can try to last for enough time to seek for the answer.Run after the free lifeThe call from the wild stood for human’s natur e to run after a simple, independent and free life.Buck was bored of the complex life where he must deal with such a big net of relationship. He just wanted to run and leap through the forest, howled under the grey moonlight, ate what he liked and killed what he liked without many rules to obey. No one desired to live a complicated life for it’s difficult and tiring to reckon other people, while life in the wilderness was just that eat or eaten, kill or killed and there was no middle ground. Easy and simple life was set up on the uncivilized world where creatures didn’t have so much relation and elements to consider. Only being independent from all that can we find what we wanted.When unpracticed Charles and his relatives sunk in a ice hole, writer said th at “A yawning hole was all that was to be seen.” That hole was a capitalistic vast mouth that can eat people, but which would be rotten if we escaped from it. “Here a yellow stream flows from rotted moosehide sacks and sinks into the ground, with long grasses growing through it and vegetable mould overrunning it and hiding its yellow from the sun.” The gold that Thornton got has become a yellow stream because theywere eroded by natural power and lost their value. Imagine in a world where was entirely natural and uncivilized, gold, a kind of iron and currency, was entirely futile, isn’t it?Being free of human world and even free of materials, Buck got a totally new life where he can run at the head of the pack through the pale moonlight to release his vitality and got comfort from nature. We needed materials actually, but material was void actually. How can we get free? To get free of our hearts.ConclusionThere are two sentences I’d like to mention. First, human beings, never degenerate into beasts. Second, beasts, never degenerate into human beings. Correctness of those two sentences should be discussed.Human’s progression began in the point when human beings evolved from wilderness period to civilization, but the retrogression also began at the point when people shared the feast of civilization. For us who are far away from the wilderness and raised and trained by civilization, this book gives us a new vision.Sometimes a picture floating in my mind: in the icy forest, a silhouette of Buck as a wolf caned his neck to howl toward the pale moonlight to echo the howling of pack. That’s the song of animal, and the chant of human, and the snarl of life.野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇2The Call of the Wild is London’s most-read book, and generally considered his best, the most masterpiece of his so-called “early period“.The story was set in 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush, in which sled dogs were bought at generous prices.Buck was a domestic dog in Judge Miller’s home and living a comfortable life until he was sold secretly by the poor gardenerand became a sled dog. Buck was a Bernard dog weighed one hundred and forty pounds, tall, strong, and hea一vy muscled. He couldn’t accommodate to the harsh condition at first. And he wanted to fight, to escape, to go back to his cozy home, but in vain.The man in red taught him the law of stick and club-one must first adjust himself to his surroundings and learn the rules, and only after that he can do what he wants to do. The club of the man in red called back Buck’s nature as a dog.When he firstly served for Fran?ois and Perrault, two couriers, he showed his superior ability to adapt to the environment and his smartness to learn everything he wanted to learn. Curly’s death astonished him and taught him to be cautious. And before he had recovered from the shock caused by the tragic passing of Curly, he was harnessed as a sled dog and step by step wanted to be the leader. But the leading dog, Spitz, was already an excellent one, who also considered Buck as enemy and potential competitor. At last, when Spitz once punished him, hurling backward Buck, he knew the time had come. He killed Spitz and took his place.When they pulled into Dawson, Buck was sold as useless thing to three gold diggers, who weren’t veteran in sledding and even didn’t k now how to get to their destination. Food was eaten up half way. So Charles, one of the three, decided to kill Buck when he couldn’t get up. However, when he aimed at Buck, John Thornton sprang upon him, knocked him down and told him that if Charles stroke Buck, Thornton would kill him.Thus, Thornton took Buck away. He was the only true friend of Buck. But Buck was a thing of the wild, especially when the calling of wolf from the hills. Once when he came back from hills,he found that Thornton was killed by Indians. What would you do if you were Buck when your beloved friend was killed? Buck became a nut and killed those headsmen and stayed with Thornton for two days and nights, never lea一ving Thornton out of his sight. And then a nearby wolf howl captures his ears, and he follows the sound to an approaching wolf pack, battling several of these creatures to prove his worth.野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇3At the beginning of this century, many new writers emerged with the introduction of many new ideas. Among them, Jack London was the most popular one.His most famous novel is the call of the wild . Although it is a story about a dog, Buck, it vividly depicts the life in the primitive North where people rushed for gold and fortune.Buck, used to belong to a judge, was kidnapped and sold to North. Then he became a member of a dog-team pulling a sled . In the days of pulling a snow-sled, he learned to conform to the law of nature and obey the master. Finally, he found a basic instinct hidden inside him, which enabled himself to survive the tough environment. This is the call of the wild.When you read the story, you will feel that Buck is a man instead of a dog, struggling with his fortune and conforming to the law of nature.Though short, it is really a thrilling story. What you never forget is the tough life in the nature, the brave and crafty dog. Maybe the wild is calling you to go ahead.While writing for only 16 years throughout his life, London produced an amazing body of work among which, White Fang, Martin Eden, the Valley of the Moon are representative.野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇4" He sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack." (Chapter VII The Sounding of the Wild) When the last sentence vanished from my eyes, I can still perceive an echo of a song - a wild song, which knocks up my dizzy mind that always cheerfully sink into the so-called civilized world without questioning. Wild, is no longer a symbol of the law of jungle but a headspring where streams out love, passion, bravery, loyalty, friendship, venture, competition and tolerance all these virtues can easily be found in the Call of the Wild.Jack London (1876-1916) is a worldwide renowned novelist. His stories successfully reflect the contradictory views of man’s nature and destiny in and against the wild, and his "fight to survive" notion has gained him and his works timeless popularity, particularly, the Call of the WildIt tells a story of a gigantic dog, named Buck, who is stolen from a rich and comfortable home and forced to learn to survive as an Alaskan sled dog. Buck, at first, is too savage for the company of man until he coincidently encounters his beloved master-kindhearted John Thornton. Finally, John’s incidental death breaks Buck’s last tie to the man and drives him into his long-desired wild with his pack. In the story, Buck and John simply adopt themselves to answer the call of the wild. When it comes to Buck’s mind that one day he will eventually leave John- his master, all he wants to do is just to help him finish the gold-rush-trip. He " from then on, night and day, never put a halt, in desperation, he burst into long stretch of flight, did not to stay him (John)…" (Chapter VII The Sounding of The Wild) Buck wished to remember John’s image forever, he "for two days and nights never left camp, never let Thornton out of his sight. He followed him about at his work, watched him while saw him intoblankets at night and out of them in the morning…" (Chapter VII) When I read these words I just could not hold my tears bursting. Can a real man devote himself to loyalty and friendship in such a way? On the other hand, John Thornton is not only a dog-lover but also a brave and venturous man. He is so straightforward and simple that makes him an accommodating man. Once he firmly roots a goal into his heart, it seems that nothing could prevent him from accomplishing it except death. I do not know whether the persistence is the most vital element to make a man successful, but what I know is that you are not far away from success once you occupy it.It is Jack London who plunges me into the animated wild from the hustle-and-bustle and from desperate city. There, I merely cannot deny the attraction of Buck’s bark, which enlightens me to pursue another lost half of the nature in mankind, and to dig out a true meaning of life. Dare we imagine that London intentionally employs Buck to set us a model with perfect characters (count barbarity out)? The answer is affirmed. We, as animals, are from the wild but shedding off more and more wild signs, which demonstrate us as the "uncivilized". However, who can fully guarantee that we have not overlooked some essential wild-endowed virtues? Especially, nowadays, it seems more crucial for us to stop looking at the post-industrialized world and to ponder for a while. When cheats, betrayals, lies, lusts and crimes stuff a materialized society, whether London uses this novel to help himself escape the reality or warn the earthy people, to us, modern man, is all the same.() It appears horrible that in modern society many people are enthusiastically talking about how to build up "special relations" to the authority, deceiving and lying to each other.To them life is a mask-wearing process rather than a hard work. Every time, you browse WebPages, scandals in politics, business, the entertainment circle and even on campus crowd into your eyes. Oh, what is the essence of human beings? What is the civilization to us? Do we need to look back at where we came from? Is it good or bad for us to speak out what we think and to do what the consciences demand us to? Are we wasting talents given by the mighty nature? Be an honest, straightforward, warmhearted, emotional and responsible man or be a shrewd, cold hearted and astute hypocrite? While embracing the "civilized" rubbish, we are losing those good virtues, which are the calls of the wild. Once we lose them, we are to lose ourselves, and we will get nowhere. I wish this dreadful thought is totally a fallacy, but, now, it is chilling me hard.One day when I happen to stand on the top of a grand mountain to observe a boundless prairie enveloped by the sapphire firmament and combed by gusts of the rhythmical west wind, a morning sun sprinkles me her warmth and brilliance in a graceful way, however, at that moment, I am afraid that I cannot appreciate these beauties, I am a lost " civilized man" then.野性的.呼唤英文读后感英文版篇5The story sounds like just a dog tale at first--a dog, Buck, is kidnapped from his comfortable life in California and sold as a sled dog for the Alaskan gold rush. While he endures the wilderness and the other dogs, Buck learns that survival comes only with tooth and fang. This lesson brings him very close to his forbears, the wolves.If you look deeper, Call of the Wild is as much a story of humans as it is a dog tale. Buck encounters various incompetent masters who try to break his spirit. Are we like this? But Buck alsolearns to trust a master who is gentle and gives love. We can be like this, too.Call of the Wild is not a story for the squeamish or very young. By involving us in the characters lives, Jack London tells the truth. It is a life-and-death war between the harsh land and the soul every day. There is blood, death, cruelty--but its the truth. 野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇6Book review: The call of the wildAs a type of novelette, I wasnt used to this cos Ive just finished HarryPotter so in occasions novelette wrote very briefly. The background of the author was very poor, and precisely the time to seek gold. Part of the novel means to expose the hardness of dogs at that time. Men were crazy about gold, the main character, Buck, was stolen by a Gardener of a lawyer who owns Buck.The man with the red sweater taught him the law of clubs, this was a good beginning. The trading road led him at last to two couriers, who knew how to treat dogs. Then the dog team was traded to a three-people family who were seeking good in Alaska. But they didnt know how to treat dogs and at last dogs and men were drowned in the water, except Buck. He was picked up by a man. And eventually Buck was back to the wild-where his ancestors had been.In my opinion a good novel could make readers cry, yell, etc.I clenched my fist when the Family treated the dog team badly, and had a wonderful feeling when the man picked up Buck and treated him like his own son. I t had feeling, this novel…野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇7As a dignified individual, survival seems to be the subject of our discussion forever. But in this hard way of survival, the desirefor "life", often let us forget the species. Buck was one of those dogs who worked hard to survive, developed a knack for hardship and eventually became the leader of the pack. But whether it is Barker, or the authors other characters, their hearts are full of longing and yearning for "life". But in this extreme environment and the human strength of the collision, we face the cruelty of competition, witness the true meaning of life.The hero of the novel is a dog named Buck. Set during the Alaskan Gold Rush, the story follows Buck as he climbs from a domesticated Southern dog to a barbarian state in order to survive in the treacherous conditions of the North. Buck is a huge cross dog, he was secretly sold from the family of the south, after several difficulties began to set foot on the road of gold, became a sled working dog, in the cruel domestication process, he realized the justice and the law of nature, the harsh living environment taught him the meaning of cunning and deceit, He took his own cunning and deceit to an unsurpassed level, and after a brutal, even mortal, struggle, he finally established himself as the leader dog. We can get a sense of the mental outlook of different people through the change of owners during the arduous sledding journey. It was in these movements, too, that Buck formed a deep and deep bond with the last master, who had rescued him from the most strenuous drudgery, and whom he had rescued many times. Finally, after the tragic death of his beloved master, he went out into the wilderness, answering the ancient wild call he had heard and yearned for so many times along the way.Buck was only a dog, but his arduous path reflected the true meaning of personal struggle in the age in which the writer lived. It was also a reflection of the naturalism prevalent in Americansociety during the period of the treacherous development of capitalism. On this road, in such a dangerous natural and social environment, only the elite and the strong have the possibility of survival. If they lack the ability to adapt to the changing conditions, it means a quick and tragic death. In front of the laws of nature, man is insignificant and helpless. Moreover, in the struggle for existence, any moral concept becomes "a kind of vanity and an obstacle". On the one hand, this shows the sinister living environment at that time, on the other hand, it also reveals the immoral side of the capitalist society. In such a society, under the action of natural law, the primitive desire, moral decay, the loss of civilization, all show incisively and vividly. Therefore, if survival is the highest goal of human activity, then the process of animal survival is the process of violent meeting and killing each other. Only through the struggle of the law of the jungle, can we ensure the continued survival of the "elite" or "strong" with competitive advantages. Therefore, it fully expresses the authors naturalism thought.The more civilized man is, the more stable his life is, so that in a civilized society things are laid out clearly and there are few accidents. But when something goes wrong, and its serious enough, its the end of the world for those who cant adapt. And Bucks experience also tells us: life is often intense and painful, but in fact it is more full of vitality and vitality and we want to be the strong of life.Thats what survival is all about. There is no justice. Once youre down, youre down. So be careful not to fall. Life on the road, there is no plain sailing, there is no constant, he often changes patterns to teach us to be strong, and we have to do is to accept his arrangement, in perseverance through the cold。
野性的呼唤导读
高中英文文学名著导读《野性的呼唤》（the call of the wild）一、关于作者（About the author）杰克·伦敦(Jack London,1876~1916)，美国著名的现实主义作家。
他一生著作颇丰，留有19部长篇小说、150多篇短篇小说三个剧本以及大量的文学报告集、随笔和论文。
其中最著名的代表作有《野性的呼唤》(The Callof the Wild)、《马丁·伊登》(Martin Eden)、《白牙》(White Fang)、《铁蹄》(The Iron Heel)、《海狼》(The Sea Wolf)等小说。
他的作品多以描述美国下层人民的生活，揭露资本主义社会的罪恶为主，常带有浓厚的社会主义和个人主义色彩。
杰克·伦敦笔下的人物常被置于极端严酷、生死攸关的环境中,以此来揭示最真实、最深刻的人性。
他的作品充满了对达尔文的“适者生存”的自然法则以及斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义的推崇,认为只有适应社会,做生活的强者才能生存。
杰克·伦敦幼年贫困，饱尝人间各种辛酸。
11岁就开始做童工,卖过报纸,当过水手,做过蚝贼,生活饥寒交迫。
1896年,21岁的杰克·伦敦踏上了淘金之旅,来到了天寒地冻的北极。
尽管因为患上败血症导致淘金梦破灭,但他却收获了丰富的创作素材。
在这一段时间里,他勾勒了很多小说的轮廓,其中便有《野性的呼唤》。
他曾计划自驾帆船环球旅行,但最终因船只搁浅而梦想破灭。
杰克·伦敦不安于过平静安逸的生活,曾经两次出任战地记者。
成名之后的杰克·伦敦陷入了金钱的泥沼和精神的空虚。
1916年11月21日晚,杰克·伦敦在他的豪华牧场里服用过量吗啡自杀,结束了他40岁的生命。
这一结局不仅是生命的终结,也是对人生路在何方的发问。
二、关于作品（About the work）（一）小说梗概（Plot summary）在阳光普照，温暖如春的南方，大法官米勒的庄园里生活着一群快乐悠闲地宠物狗，其中有一只身形硕大，时时彰显王者风范的混血狗，它叫巴克，它和大法官一家生活的其乐融融，然而有一天在一次看似平常的散步中，巴克被它一向信任的园丁偷卖到了条件恶劣的北方，自此，它的生活发生了转折，踏上了淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。
野性的呼唤完整ppt课件
&we need to look back at where we came from, we should speak out what we
think and do what the consciences demand us to, we shouldn`t waste our talents given by mighty natural, we should be honest, straight forward, warm-hearted, emotional and responsible.
&stolen and sold by Miller` s gardener (Alaskan northwest of America)
&brought into Canada by new owner (Francois and Perranlt)
&accept training and learn how to survive in the cold and wild world
"Call of the Wild" (1903), "White Teeth" (1906) "big light" (1910) "Moon Valley" (1913)
"Black Mexican people"(1913 3)
Experiences:
His family was a bankruptcy , and Jack had to leave school to make money.He worked hard in many different jobs. Later, Jack returned to school. But he didn’t stay long. In the year 1897, he went to Alaska to find gold. Instead of getting much gold, he found ideas for his books and stories. He went back home and began to write. His writing were warmly welcomed and he became rich and famous when he was under thirty.But by the late, he came out of social struggle, in order to meet the publishers to meet the individual needs and also wrote a lot of material comforts shoddy work. In 1916 Jack London just like Martin Eden in his masterpiece, who is the hero in his novel, and finally killed himself in the spirit of the great emptiness and 4 despair of suicide.
野性的呼唤英文版
简介在加利福尼亚的家里，巴克过着安逸舒适的生活。
他是那儿最高大强壮的狗，地位举足轻重。
他和孩子们一同散步，在水中嬉戏，冬天的时候他就坐在主人的炉火边取暖。
但是在1897年，人们在育空河发现了金矿，他们需要像巴克这样的狗。
于是巴克被从家乡偷运到北方。
他在那里学会了拉雪撬，在冰天雪地中日复一日地跋涉。
他学会了偷食以慰饥肠，破冰取水解渴，还学会了反击来对付那些欺负他的狗。
而且他学得很快。
不久巴克成为了北方所有著名的拉雪撬的狗之一。
但是北部是狼群出没的森林，在那里他们对着明月长嗥。
野性的呼唤在巴克的梦中回响，越来越响亮……杰克·伦敦1876年生于旧金山，死于1916年。
他出身穷苦，在他短暂的一生中他有丰富的经历——海员、工人、育空河的淘金人、旅行家、记者和作家。
他写了很多书，但是其中以《野性的呼唤》和另一本写狗的书《白芳》，最广为流传。
1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers．He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California．Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big，strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big place like this，of course，there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs，but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897，and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr Miller's garden－ers，needed money for his large family．One day，when Mr Miller was out，Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk，Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel，and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled，and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth．For a few moments he was unable to move，and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up，the train was still moving．The man was sitting and watching him，but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening，the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco．The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．‘A hundred．He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fif ty．It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box．He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar．His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it allmeant ．What did they want with him，these strange men？And where was Mr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north，and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank．Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box．For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er．His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small，high－walled back garden，where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting．Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box．The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men．‘Of course，’ answered the fat man，and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe，Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting，pulling with his teeth at the pieces of brokenwood．After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘ Now，come here，red eyes，’ said the fat man，dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man，sixty kilos of anger，his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck．Just before his teeth touched the skin，the man hit him with the club．Buck fell to the ground．It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand．He stood up，and jumped again．Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man，and ten times the club hit him．Slowly he got to his feet，now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears．Then the fat man walked up and hit him again，very hard，on the nose．The pain was terrible．Again，Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time，when the man knocked him down，Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ said one of the men on the wall．Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself，reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well，Buck，my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little，and I think the best thing to do now is to stop．Be a good dog and we'll be friends．But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke，he touched Buck’ s head，and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move．When the man brought him water and meat，Buck drank and then ate the meat，piece by piece，from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that）but he was not broken．He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive，and each dog was beaten by the fat man．Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed，although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs．Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short，dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars．It's a good price，Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price．He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’ Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand，and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault．He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curlystood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship．There they met another man，Francois．Perrault was a French－Canadian，but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest．And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as white as snow．He was friendly to Buck at first，always smiling．He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal．Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move．Buck decided that this was fair，and began to like Francois a little．Dave，the other dog，was not friendly．He wanted to be alone all the time．He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another，but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．One morning，the ship's engines stopped，and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside．At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white．He jumped back in surprise．The soft，white thing was also falling through the air，and it fell onto him．He tried to smell it，and then caught some on his tongue．It bit like fire，and then dis appeared．He tried again and the same thing happened．People were watching him and laughing，and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why．It was his first snow．2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible．Every hour there was some new，frightening surprise．There was no peace，no rest—only continual noise and movement．And every minute there was danger，because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men．They knew only the law of club and tooth．Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs；they were like wolves．In a few minutes he learnt this from watching Curly．She tried to make friends with a dog，a big one，al－though not as big as she was．There was no warning．The dog jumped on Curly，his teeth closed together，then he jumped away，and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth．Wolves fight like this，biting and jumping away，but the fight did not finish then．Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight，watching silently．Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her；he bit her a second time，and jumped away．When she attacked him again，he knocked her backwards，and she fell on the ground．She never stood up again，because this was what the other dogs were waiting for．They moved in，and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden．Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out of his mouth，laughing．Then he saw Francois with an axe，and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs．Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away．But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came backto Buck in his dreams．He understood that once a dog was down on the ground，he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing，and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise．Francois put a harness on him．Buck had seen harnesses on horses，and now he was made to work like a horse，pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire．Buck worked with Spitz and Dave．The two other dogs had worked in a har－ness before，and Buck learnt by watching them．He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．‘Those three are very good dogs，’Francois told Perrault．‘That Buckpulls very well，and he's learning quickly．’Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City，so that afternoon he bought two more dogs，two brothers called Billee and Joe．Billee was very friendly，but Joe was the opposite．In the evening Perrault bought one more dog，an old dog with oneeye ．His name was Sol-leks，which means The Angry One．Like Dave，he made no friends；all he wanted was to be alone．That night Buck discovered another problem．Where was he going to sleep？Francois and Perrault were in their tent，but when he went in，they shouted angrily and threw things at him．Outside it was very cold and windy．He lay down in the snow，but he was too cold to sleep．He walked around the tents trying to find the other dogs．But，to his surprise，they had disappeared．He walked around Perrault's tent，very，very cold，wondering what to do．Sud-denly，the snow under his feet fell in，and he felt something move．He jumped back，waiting for the attack，but heard on-ly a friendly bark．There，in a warm hole under the snow，was Billee．So that was what you had to do．Buck chose a place，dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep．He slept well，although his dreams were bad．When he woke up，at first he did not know where he was．It hadsnowed in the night and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him．Suddenly he was afraid—the fear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape．Growling，he threw himself at the snow，and a moment later，he had jumped upwards into the daylight．He saw the tents and re－membered everything，from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the night before．‘What did I say？’ shouted Francois to Perrault，when he saw Buck come up out of the snow．‘That Buck learns quickly．’Perrault smiled slowly．He was carrying important papers，and he needed good dogs．He was very pleased to have Buck．They bought three more dogs that morning，and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon．Buck was not sorry to be moving，and although it was hard work，he almost enjoyed it．He was also surprised to see that Dave and Sol－leks no longer looked bored and miserable．Pulling in a harness was their job，and they were happy to do it．Dave was sledge－dog，the dog nearest to the sledge．In front of him was Buck，then came Sol-leks．In front of them were the six other dogs，with Spitz as leader at the front．Francois had put Buck between Dave and Sol－leks because they could teach him the work．Buck learnt well，and they were good teachers．When Buck pulled the wrong way，Dave always bit his leg，but only lightly．Once，when they stopped，Buck got tied up in his harness，and it took ten minutes to get started again．Both Dave and Sol－leks gave him a good beating for that mistake．Buck understood，and was more careful after that．It was a hard day's journey，up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains．They camped that night at Lake Bennett．Here there were thousands of gold miners．They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring．Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well，but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge．The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres．But the next day，and for days afterwards，they were on new snow．The work was harder and they went slowly．Usually，Perrault went in front，on snowshoes，flattening the snow a little for the dogs．Francois stayed by the sledge．Sometimes the two men changed places，but there were many small lakes and rivers，and Perrault understood ice better．He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin．Day after day Buck pulled in his harness．They started in the morning before it was light，and they stopped in the evening after dark，ate a piece of fish，and went to sleep in their holes under the snow．Buck was always hungry．Francoisgave him 750 grams of dried fish a day，and it was never enough．The other dogs were given only 500 grams；they were smaller and could stay dive on less food．Buck learnt to eat quickly；if he was too slow，the other dogs stole his food．He saw Pike，one of the new dogs，steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking．The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen．Perrault was very angry，but he thought another dog，Dub，had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck．Buck was learning how to live in the north．In the south he had never stolen，but there he had never been so hungry．He stole cleverly and secretly，remembering the beatings from the man with the club．Buck was learning the law of club and tooth．He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into．He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger，harder，and could see and smell better than ever before ．In a way，he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest，killing for meat as they went．It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf，because it was in his blood．In the evenings，when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud，he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him．3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck，and as he travelled across the snow，it grew stronger and stronger．And as Buck grew stronger，he hated Spitz more and more，although he was careful never to start a fight．But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck，trying to start a fight．And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought，one of them would die．The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge．There was heavy snow and it was very cold．The lake was frozen and Francois，Perrault，and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice，under a big rock．Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish．But when he had eaten．and returned to his hole，he found Spitz in it．Buck had tried not to fight Spitz be－fore，but this was too much．He attacked him angrily．Spitz was surprised．He knew Buck was big，but he didn’ t know he was so wild．Francois was surprised too，and guessed why Buck was angry．‘Go on Buck！’ he shouted．‘Fight him，the dirty thief！’Spitz was also ready to fight，and the two dogs circled one another，looking for the chance to jump in．But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault，and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge．The dogs came from an Indian village，and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge．Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs，but the dogs，made crazy by the smell of the food，showed their teeth and fought back．Buck had never seed dogs like these．They were all skin and bone，but hunger made them fight like wild things．Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were bad－ly bitten．Dave and Sol-leks stood side by side，covered in blood，fighting bravely．Joe and Pike jumped on one dog，and Pike broke its neck with one bite．Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood．He threw himself on the next one，and then felt teeth in his own neck．It was Spitz，attacking him from the side．Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs，but then they had to run back to save the food ．It was safer for the nine sledge－dogs to run away across the lake．Several of them were badly hurt，and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress．At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry．Half their food was gone．The Indian dogs had even eaten one of Perrault's shoes．Francois looked at his dogs unhappily．‘Ah，my friends，’he said softly，‘Perhaps those bites will make you ill．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault said nothing．They still had six hundred kilometres to travel，and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs．The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours be－fore they were moving，travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in．The Thirty Mile River was not frozen．It ran too fast to freeze．They spent six days trying to find a place to cross，and every step was dangerous for dogs and men．Twelve times they found ice bridges across the river，and Perrault walked carefully onto them，holding a long piece of wood．And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood，which caught on the sides of the hole．But the tempera-ture was 45° below zero，and each time Perrault fell into the water，he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself．Once，the sledge fell through the ice，with Dave and Buck，and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river．Again，a fire was needed to save them．Another time，Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards．That day they travelled only four hundred metres．When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice，Buck and the other dogs were very，very tired．But they were late，so Perrault made them run faster．In three days they went a hun－dred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers．The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges，but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south．All day he ran painfully，and when they camped for the night，he lay down like a dead dog．He was hungry，but he was too tired to walk to the fish，so Francois brought it to him．One day Francois made four little shoes for him，and this made Buck much more comfortable．Francois forgot the shoes one morning，and Buck refused to move．He lay on his back with his feet in the air，until Francois put the shoes on．Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were not needed．One morning，at the Pelly River，a dog called Delly went suddenly mad．She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck．Buck ran，with Dolly one step behind him．She could not catch him，but he could not escape from her．They ran half a kilometre，and then Buck heard Francois call to him．He turned and ran towards the man，sure that Francois would save him．Francois stood ，holding his axe，and as Buck passed，the axe crashed down on Dolly's head．Buck fell down by the sledge，too tired to move．Immedi-ately，Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice，as hard as hecould．But Francois saw this，and gave Spitz a ter－rible beating for it．‘He's a wild dog，that Spitz，’said Perrault．‘One day he'll kill Buck．’‘Buck is wilder，’replied Francois．‘I've been watching him．One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz；and he'll win．’ Francois was right．Buck wanted to be lead-dog．Spitz knew this and hated him．Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy．One morning，Pike refused to get up，and Spitz looked for him everywhere．When he found him，he jumped at him．But suddenly，Buck at－tacked Spitz．The other dogs saw this，and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them．But the days passed without a chance for a fight，and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon．They stayed in Dawson for seven days．When they left，Perrault was carrying some more very important papers，and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible．They travelled eighty kilometres the first day，and the same the second．But it was difficult work for Francois．Buck and Spitz hated each other，and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more．One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz，and ate it standing next to Buck．And every time Buck went near Spitz，he growled and the hairon his back stood up angri-ly．The other dogs fought in their harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge．He knew that Buck was the problem，but Buck was too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight．One night in camp，the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a sec-ond they were all chasing it，with Spitz in front．Nearby was another camp，with fifty dogs，who also Joined the chase．The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow，but the snow was soft，and it was more difficult for the dogs．When Spitz caught the rabbit，throwing it in the air with his teeth，Buck was just behind．Spitz stopped，and Buck hit him，very hard．The two dogs fell in the snow．Spitz bit Buck very quickly，twice，and then jumped away，watching carefully．The time had come，and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die．They watched one another，circling slowly．Themoon was shining brightly on the snow，and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees．The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch．Spitz was a good fighter．He was full of hate and anger，but he was also intelligent．Every time Buck tried to bite his throat，he met Spitz's own teeth．Then，each time Buck attacked，Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed．After a few minutes，Buck was covered in blood．He attacked again，but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz，biting his left front leg．The bone broke，and Spitz was standing on three legs．Buck tried to knock Spitz down，and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg．There was no hope for Spitz now．Buck got ready for his final attack，while the circle of sixty dogs watched，and crowded nearer and nearer，waiting for the end．At last Buck jumped，in and out，and Spitz went down in the snow．A second later the waiting pack was on top of him，and Spitz had disappeared．Buck stood and watched．The wild animal had made its kill．4 The new lead-dog‘Well，what did I say？B uck’ s a real fighter，all right，’ said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．‘Spitz fought like a wolf，’said Perrault，as he looked at the bites all over Buck．‘And Buck fought like ten wolves，’ answered Francois．‘And we'lltravel faster now．No more Spitz，no more trouble．’Francois started to harness the dogs．He needed a new lead－dog，and decided that Sol-leks was the best dog that he had．But Buck jumped at Sol－leks and took his place．‘Look at Buck！’ said Francois，laughing．‘He's killed Spitz，and now he wants to be lead－dog．Go away，Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Sol－leks again．Sol-leks was unhappy too．He was frightened of Buck，and when Francois turned his back，Buck took Sol-leks’ place again．Now Francois was angry．‘I'll show you！’ he cried，and went to get a heavy club from the sledge．Buck remembered the man in the red coat，and moved away．This time，when Sol-leks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in．He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully．But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave，Buck refused．He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog．For an hour the two men tried to harness him．Buck did not run away，but he did not let them catch him．Finally，Francois sat down，and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late．The two men lookedat one another and smiled Francois walked up to Sol-leks，took off his harness，led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then he called Buck．All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move．‘Put down the club，’ said Perrault．Francois dropped the club，and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him ，and in a minute the sledge was moving．Buck was an excellent leader．He moved and thought quick－ly and led the other dogs well．A new leader made no differ－ence to Dave and Sol-leks；they continued to pull hard ．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike，the second dog，was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life．The first night in camp Buck fought Joe，another difficult dog，and after that there were no more problems with him．The team started to pull together，and to move faster and faster．‘I've never seen a d og like Buck！’cried Francois，‘Never！He's worth a thousand dollars ．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault agreed．They were moving quickly，and covering moreground every day The snow was good and hard，and no new snow fell．The temperature dropped to 45° below zero，and didn't change．This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River，and they crossed in a day．Some days they ran a hundred kilome－tres，or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever．For three days the dogs rested in Skagway．Then Francois put his arms around Buck's neck and said goodbye to him．And that was the last of Francois and Perrault．Like other men，they passed out of Buck's life for ever．Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson，travelling with several other dog－teams．It was heavy work；the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson．Buck did not like it，but he worked hard，and made the other dogs work hard，too．Each day was the same．They started early，before it was light，and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate．For the dogs this was the best part of the day，first eating，then resting by the fire．Buck liked to lie by the fire，looking at the burning wood．Sometimes he thought about Mr Miller's house in California．More of ten he remembered the man in the red coat and his club，the death of Curly，the fight with Spitz，and the good things that he had eaten Butsometimes he remembered other things These were things that he remembered through his parents，and his parents parents，and all the dogs which had lived before him．Sometimes as he lay there，he seemed to see，in a waking dream，a different fire．And he saw next to him，not the Indian cook，but another man，a man with shorter legs，and longer arms．This man had long hair and deep eyes，and madestrange noises in his throat He was very frightened of the dark，and looked around him all the time，holding a heavy stone in his hand ．He wore the skin of an animal on his back，and Buck could see thick hair all over his body．Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man，and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes—the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack．And he growled softly in his dream until the Indian cook shouted，‘Hey，Buck，wake up！’Then the strange world disappeared and Buck's eyes saw the real fire again．When they reached Dawson，the dogs were tired，and needed a week's rest But in two days they were moving south again，with another heavy load of letters．Both dogs and men were unhappy．It snowed every day as well，and on soft new snow it was harder work pulling the sledges．The men took good care of their dogs．In the evenings，the dogs ate。
野性的呼唤the call of the wild
dark side of the society. The stick was a key for Buck to the natural cruel world.
During his later life, he was sold many times. Finally, he was sold to cold Alaska in the north America and became a sled dog. Along his way, he saw the brutality between dogs and humans, between dogs and dogБайду номын сангаас and between humans and
humans.
Unavoidably, he also came across different types of dog. These dogs taught Buck the ways of living. Parker taught him how to steal to feed himself. From Billy, Buck learned the skill of getting water under ice. Most important, he learned the original killing from Spitz. Buck learned to do anything for living. He became a fierce, wisdom and cunning dog. When his last and friend master, John Thornton, was killed by the Indians, he killed some Indians out of angry. Then he came back to the wild and became the leader of the wolves.
野性的呼唤( The Call of the Wild)
The Call of the Wild1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers．He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California．Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big，strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big place like this，of course，there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs，but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897，and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr Miller's garden－ers，needed money for his large family．One day，when Mr Miller was out，Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk，Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel，and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled，and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth．For a few moments he was unable to move，and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up，the train was still moving．The man was sitting and watching him，but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening，the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco．The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’asked the barman．‘A hundred．He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty．It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box．He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar．His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ．What did they want with him，these strange men？And where was Mr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north，and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank．Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box．For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er．His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small，high－walled back garden，where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting．Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box．The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’asked one of the men．‘Of course，’answered the fat man，and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe，Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting，pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood．After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘Now，come here，red eyes，’said the fat man，dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man，sixty kilos of anger，his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck．Just before his teeth touched the skin，the man hit him with the club．Buck fell to the ground．It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand．He stood up，and jumped again．Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．T en times he jumped at the man，and ten times the club hit him．Slowly he got to his feet，now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears．Then the fat man walked up and hit him again，very hard，on the nose．The pain was terrible．Again，Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time，when the man knocked him down，Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’said one of the men on the wall．Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself，reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well，Buck，my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little，and I think the best thing to do now is to stop．Be a good dog and we'll be friends．But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke，he touched Buck’s head，and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move．When the man brought him water and meat，Buck drank and then ate the meat，piece by piece，from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that）but he was not broken．He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive，and each dog was beaten by the fat man．Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed，although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs．Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short，dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars．It's a good price，Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price．He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’s hand，and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault．He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship．There they met another man，Francois．Perrault was a French－Canadian，but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest．And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as white as snow．He was friendly to Buck at first，always smiling．He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’s food at the first meal．Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move．Buck decided that this was fair，and began to like Francois a little．Dave，the other dog，was not friendly．He wanted to be alone all the time．He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another，but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．One morning，the ship's engines stopped，and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside．At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white．He jumped back in surprise．The soft，white thing was also falling through the air，and it fell onto him．He tried to smell it，and then caught some on his tongue．It bit like fire，and then dis appeared．He tried again and the same thing happened．People were watching him and laughing，and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why．It was his first snow．2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible．Every hour there was some new，frightening surprise．There was no peace，no rest—only continual noise and movement．And every minute there was danger，because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men．They knew only the law of club and tooth．Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs；they were like wolves．In a few minutes he learnt this from watching Curly．She tried to make friends with a dog，a big one，al －though not as big as she was．There was no warning．The dog jumped on Curly，his teeth closed together，then he jumped away，and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth．Wolves fight like this，biting and jumping away，but the fight did not finish then．Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight，watching silently．Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her；he bit her a second time，and jumped away．When she attacked him again，he knocked her backwards，and she fell on the ground．She never stood up again，because this was what the other dogs were waiting for．They moved in，and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden．Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out of his mouth，laughing．Then he saw Francois with an axe，and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs．Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away．But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came backto Buck in his dreams．He understood that once a dog was down on the ground，he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing，and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise．Francois put a harness on him．Buck had seen harnesses on horses，and now he was made to work like a horse，pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire．Buck worked with Spitz andDave．The two other dogs had worked in a har－ness before，and Buck learnt by watching them．He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．‘Those three are very good dogs，’Francois told Perrault．‘That Buck pulls very well，and he's learning quickly．’Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City，so that afternoon he bought two more dogs，two brothers called Billee and Joe．Billee was very friendly，but Joe was the opposite．In the evening Perrault bought one more dog，an old dog with one eye ．His name was Sol-leks，which means The Angry One．Like Dave，he made no friends；all he wanted was to be alone．That night Buck discovered another problem．Where was he going to sleep？Francois and Perrault were in their tent，but when he went in，they shouted angrily and threw things at him．Outside it was very cold and windy．He lay down in the snow，but he was too cold to sleep．He walked around the tents trying to find the other dogs．But，to his surprise，they had disappeared．He walked around Perrault's tent，very，very cold，wondering what to do．Sud-denly，the snow under his feet fell in，and he felt something move．He jumped back，waiting for the attack，but heard on-ly a friendly bark．There，in a warm hole under the snow，was Billee．So that was what you had to do．Buck chose a place，dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep．He slept well，although his dreams were bad．When he woke up，at first he did not know where he was．It had snowed in the night and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him．Suddenly he was afraid—the fear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape．Growling，he threw himself at the snow，and a moment later，he had jumped upwards into the daylight．He saw the tents and re －membered everything，from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the night before．‘What did I say？’shouted Francois to Perrault，when he saw Buck come up out of the snow．‘That Buck learns quickly．’Perrault smiled slowly．He was carrying important papers，and he needed good dogs．He was very pleased to have Buck．They bought three more dogs that morning，and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon．Buck was not sorry to be moving，and although it was hard work，he almost enjoyed it．He was also surprised to see that Dave and Sol－leks no longer looked bored and miserable．Pulling in a harness was their job，and they were happy to do it．Dave was sledge－dog，the dog nearest to the sledge．In front of him was Buck，thencame Sol-leks．In front of them were the six other dogs，with Spitz as leader at the front．Francois had put Buck between Dave and Sol－leks because they could teach him the work．Buck learnt well，and they were good teachers．When Buck pulled the wrong way，Dave always bit his leg，but only lightly．Once，when they stopped，Buck got tied up in his harness，and it took ten minutes to get started again．Both Dave and Sol －leks gave him a good beating for that mistake．Buck understood，and was more careful after that．It was a hard day's journey，up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains．They camped that night at Lake Bennett．Here there were thousands of gold miners．They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring．Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well，but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge．The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres．But the next day，and for days afterwards，they were on new snow．The work was harder and they went slowly．Usually，Perrault went in front，on snowshoes，flattening the snow a little for the dogs．Francois stayed by the sledge．Sometimes the two men changed places，but there were many small lakes and rivers，and Perrault understood ice better．He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin．Day after day Buck pulled in his harness．They started in the morning before it was light，and they stopped in the evening after dark，ate a piece of fish，and went to sleep in their holes under the snow．Buck was always hungry．Francoisgave him 750 grams of dried fish a day，and it was never enough．The other dogs were given only 500 grams；they were smaller and could stay dive on less food．Buck learnt to eat quickly；if he was too slow，the other dogs stole his food．He saw Pike，one of the new dogs，steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking．The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen．Perrault was very angry，but he thought another dog，Dub，had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck．Buck was learning how to live in the north．In the south he had never stolen，but there he had never been so hungry．He stole cleverly and secretly，remembering the beatings from the man with the club．Buck was learning the law of club and tooth．He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into．He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger，harder，and could see and smell better than ever before ．In a way，he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest，killing for meat as they went．It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf，because it was in his blood．In the evenings，when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud，he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him．3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck，and as he travelled across the snow，it grew stronger and stronger．And as Buck grew stronger，he hated Spitz more and more，although he was careful never to start a fight．But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck，trying to start a fight．And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought，one of them would die．The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge．There was heavy snow and it was very cold．The lake was frozen and Francois，Perrault，and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice，under a big rock．Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish．But when he had eaten．and returned to his hole，he found Spitz in it．Buck had tried not to fight Spitz be－fore，but this was too much．He attacked him angrily．Spitz was surprised．He knew Buck was big，but he didn’t know he was so wild．Francois was surprised too，and guessed why Buck was angry．‘Go on Buck！’he shouted．‘Fight him，the dirty thief！’Spitz was also ready to fight，and the two dogs circled one another，looking for the chance to jump in．But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault，and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge．The dogs came from an Indian village，and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge．Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs，but the dogs，made crazy by the smell of the food，showed their teeth and fought back．Buck had never seed dogs like these．They were all skin and bone，but hunger made them fight like wild things．Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were bad－ly bitten．Dave and Sol-leks stood side by side，covered in blood，fighting bravely．Joe and Pike jumped on one dog，and Pike broke its neck with one bite．Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood．He threw himself on the next one，and then felt teeth in his own neck．It was Spitz，attacking him from the side．Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs，but then they had to run back to save the food ．It was safer for the nine sledge－dogs to run away across the lake．Several of them were badly hurt，and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress．At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry．Half their food was gone．The Indian dogs had even eaten one of Perrault's shoes．Francois looked at his dogs unhappily．‘Ah，my friends，’he said softly，‘Perhaps those bites will make you ill．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault said nothing．They still had six hundred kilometres to travel，and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs．The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours be－fore they were moving，travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in．The Thirty Mile River was not frozen．It ran too fast to freeze．They spent six days trying to find a place to cross，and every step was dangerous for dogs and men．Twelve times they found ice bridges across the river，and Perrault walked carefully onto them，holding a long piece of wood．And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood，which caught on the sides of the hole．But the tempera-ture was 45°below zero，and each time Perrault fell into the water，he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself．Once，the sledge fell through the ice，with Dave and Buck，and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river．Again，a fire was needed to save them．Another time，Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards．That day they travelled only four hundred metres．When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice，Buck and the other dogs were very，very tired．But they were late，so Perrault made them run faster．In three days they went a hun－dred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers．The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges，but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south．All day he ran painfully，and when they camped for the night，he lay down like a dead dog．He was hungry，but he was too tired to walk to the fish，so Francois brought it to him．One day Francois made four little shoes for him，and this made Buck much more comfortable．Francois forgot the shoes one morning，and Buck refused to move．He lay on his back with his feet in the air，until Francois put the shoes on．Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were not needed．One morning，at the Pelly River，a dog called Delly went suddenly mad．She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck．Buck ran，with Dolly one step behind him．She could not catch him，but he could not escape from her．They ran half a kilometre，and then Buck heard Francois call to him．He turned and ran towards the man，sure that Francois would save him．Francois stood ，holding his axe，and as Buck passed，the axe crashed down on Dolly's head．Buck fell down by the sledge，too tired to move．Immedi-ately，Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice，as hard as he could．But Francois saw this，and gave Spitz a ter－rible beating for it．‘He's a wild dog，that Spitz，’said Perrault．‘One day he'll kill Buck．’‘Buck is wilder，’replied Francois．‘I've been watching him．One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz；and he'll win．’Francois was right．Buck wanted to be lead-dog．Spitz knew this and hated him．Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy．One morning，Pike refused to get up，and Spitz looked for him everywhere．When he found him，he jumped at him．But suddenly，Buck at－tacked Spitz．The other dogs saw this，and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them．But the days passed without a chance for a fight，and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon．They stayed in Dawson for seven days．When they left，Perrault was carrying some more very important papers，and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible．They travelled eighty kilometres the first day，and the same the second．But it was difficult work for Francois．Buck and Spitz hated each other，and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more．One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz，and ate it standing next to Buck．And every time Buck went near Spitz，he growled and the hair on his back stood up angri-ly．The other dogs fought in their harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge．He knew that Buck was the problem，but Buck was too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight．One night in camp，the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a sec-ond they were all chasing it，with Spitz in front．Nearby was another camp，with fifty dogs，who also Joined the chase．The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow，but the snow was soft，and it was more difficult for the dogs．When Spitz caught the rabbit，throwing it in the air with his teeth，Buck was just behind．Spitz stopped，and Buck hit him，very hard．The two dogs fell in the snow．Spitz bit Buck very quickly，twice，and then jumped away，watching carefully．The time had come，and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die．They watched one another，circling slowly．Themoon was shining brightly on the snow，and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees．The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch．Spitz was a good fighter．He was full of hate and anger，but he was also intelligent．Every time Buck tried to bite his throat，he met Spitz's own teeth．Then，each time Buck attacked，Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed．After a few minutes，Buck was covered in blood．He attacked again，but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz，biting his left front leg．The bone broke，and Spitz was standing on three legs．Buck tried to knock Spitz down，and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg．There was no hope for Spitz now．Buck got ready for his final attack，while the circle of sixty dogs watched，and crowded nearer and nearer，waiting for the end．At last Buck jumped，in and out，and Spitz went down in the snow．A second later the waiting pack was on top of him，and Spitz had disappeared．Buck stood and watched．The wild animal had made its kill．4 The new lead-dog‘Well，what did I say？Buck’s a real fighter，all right，’said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．‘Spitz fought like a wolf，’said Perrault，as he looked at the bites all over Buck．‘And Buck fought like ten wolves，’answered Francois．‘And we'll travel faster now．No more Spitz，no more trouble．’Francois started to harness the dogs．He needed a new lead－dog，and decided that Sol-leks was the best dog that he had．But Buck jumped at Sol－leks and took his place．‘Look at Buck！’said Francois，laughing．‘He's killed Spitz，and now he wants to be lead－dog．Go away，Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Sol－leks again．Sol-leks was unhappy too．He was frightened of Buck，and when Francois turned his back，Buck took Sol-leks’place again．Now Francois was angry．‘I'll show you！’he cried，and went to get a heavy club from the sledge．Buck remembered the man in the red coat，and moved away．This time，when Sol-leks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in．He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully．But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave，Buck refused．He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog．For an hour the two men tried to harness him．Buck did not run away，but he did not let them catch him．Finally，Francois sat down，and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late．The two men looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Sol-leks，took off his harness，led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then hecalled Buck．All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move．‘Put down the club，’said Perrault．Francois dropped the club，and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him ，and in a minute the sledge was moving．Buck was an excellent leader．He moved and thought quick－ly and led the other dogs well．A new leader made no differ－ence to Dave and Sol-leks；they continued to pull hard ．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike，the second dog，was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life．The first night in camp Buck fought Joe，another difficult dog，and after that there were no more problems with him．The team started to pull together，and to move faster and faster．‘I've never seen a dog like Buck！’cried Francois，‘Never！He's worth a thousand dollars ．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault agreed．They were moving quickly，and covering more ground every day The snow was good and hard，and no new snow fell．The temperature dropped to 45°below zero，and didn't change．This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River，and they crossed in a day．Some days they ran a hundred kilome－tres，or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever．For three days the dogs rested in Skagway．Then Francois put his arms around Buck's neck and said goodbye to him．And that was the last of Francois and Perrault．Like other men，they passed out of Buck's life for ever．Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson，travelling with several other dog－teams．It was heavy work；the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson．Buck did not like it，but he worked hard，and made the other dogs work hard，too．Each day was the same．They started early，before it was light，and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate．For the dogs this was the best part of the day，first eating，then resting by the fire．Buck liked to lie by the fire，looking at the burning wood．Sometimes he thought about Mr Miller's house in California．More of ten he remembered the man in the red coat and his club，the death of Curly，the fight with Spitz，and the good things that he had eaten But sometimes he remembered other things These were things that he remembered through his parents，and his parents parents，and all the dogs which had lived before him．Sometimes as he lay there，he seemed to see，in a waking dream，a different fire．And he saw next to him，not the Indian cook，but another man，a man with shorter legs，and longer arms．This man had long hair and deep eyes，and madestrange noises in his throat He was very frightened of the dark，and looked around him all the time，holding a heavy stone in his hand ．He wore the skin of an animal on his back，and Buck could see thick hair all over his body．Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man，and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes—the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack．And he growled softly in his dream until the Indian cook shouted，‘Hey，Buck，wake up！’Then the strange world disappeared and Buck's eyes saw the real fire again．When they reached Dawson，the dogs were tired，and needed a week's rest But in two days they were moving south again，with another heavy load of letters．Both dogs and men were unhappy．It snowed every day as well，and on soft new snow it was harder work pulling the sledges．The men took good care of their dogs．In the evenings，the dogs ate first，the men second，and they always checked the dogs’feet before they slept．But every day the dogs became weaker．Buck had pulled sledges for three thousand kilometres that winter，and he was as tired as the others．But Dave was not only tired；he was ill．Every evening he lay down the minute after the sledge stopped，and did not stand up until morning．The men looked at him，but they could find no broken bones．Something was wrong inside．One day he started to fall down while in his harness．The sledge stopped，and the driver took him out of his harness．He wanted to give him a rest，and let him run free behind the sledge．But Dave did not want to stop working．He hated to see another dog doing his work，so he ran along beside the sledge，trying to push Sol-leks out of his place．When the sledge made its next stop，Dave bit through Sol-leks’harness and pushed him away．Then he stood there，in his old place in front of the sledge，waiting for his harness and the order to start pulling．The driver decided it was kinder to let him work．Dave pulled all day，but the next morning he was too weak to move．The driver harnessed up without Dave，and drove a few hun-dred metres．Then he stopped，took his gun，and walked back．The dogs heard a shot，and then the man came quickly back．The sledge started to move again；but Buck knew，and every dog knew，what had happened．5 More hard work。
野性的呼唤(英文版)
Spitz
Buck A "Scottish half-breed" man
John Thornton
Character Analysis
Presenter: 潘影红 27号
Spitz: the leader of the dogs, an experienced
The indigenous people of Alaska and Canada began using sled dogs more than 1,000 years ago.
They depended on these dogs for
• protection • transportation • hunting • companionship
• The vicious and cunning rulers
He was preeminently cunning, and could bide his time with a patience that nothing less than primitive.
Background
Presenter: 彭雪宁 8号
The Call of the Wild: Background
Background knowledge
A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold. the 19th century Australia、 Brazil 、Canada 、South AfricKalo、ndike
野性的呼唤(英文版)
• hundreds of pounds of supplies to transport
The Call of the Wild: Background
• About 100,000 people started out in hopes of reaching the Klondike River and finding gold.
Writing Style
Writing Style
•He was fascinated by the way violence tested and refined human character. Without much stylistic and formal refinement and subtlety of characterization, London’s fiction has the unusual and intriguing power of ancient myth. Although his work can never be classed rough realism, he will always be remembered as the originator of a new type of writing called rough realism. •Forceful, and colorful; Subjectivity and enthusiasm •His characterizations were often stiff and his dialogue stereotyped. •Themes: primitive violence, Anglo-Saxon supremacy, biological evolution, class warfare, and mechanistic determinism.
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野性的呼唤She never stood up again，because this was what the other dogs were waiting for．They moved in，and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden．Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out of his mouth，laughing．Then he saw Francois with an axe，and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs．Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away．But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came backto Buck in his dreams．He understood that once a dog was down on the ground，he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing,and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise．Francois put a harness on him．Buck had seen harnesses on horses，and now he was made to work like a horse，pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire．Buck worked with Spitz and Dave．The two other dogs had worked in a har－ness before，and Buck learnt by watching them．He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．她再也没有站起来，因为这正是其它的狗等待的。
他们冲了进来，然后不消一会儿，她就葬身在数条狗的撕扯践踏之下了。
这一切都发生得那么突然。
巴克看见斯皮兹从狗群中跑出来，耷拉着舌头，脸上还挂着微笑。
然后他看见弗朗索瓦斯手拿斧头和另外两三人拿着木棍跳进狗群。
两分钟之后，最后一只狗也被赶开了。
但是科莉已经倒死在雪地上，她几乎被撕成了碎片。
科莉之死后来常常出现在巴克的梦中。
他明白一旦一条狗倒在地上，就意味着死去。
他还记得斯皮兹的笑容，从那时起，他对他生出一种仇恨来。
这之后，巴克又有了一个新的惊奇。
弗朗索瓦斯把挽具套到他的身上。
巴克以前只看见马被套上马具，而现在他不得不像马一样工作了，把弗朗索瓦斯用雪撬拉进森林然后再装满食物拉回来做饭吃。
巴克和斯皮兹还有戴夫一起工作。
这两条狗以前拉过雪撬，于是巴克就通过模仿他们来学习。
他还学会了听从弗朗索瓦斯的指示停步和转弯。
Buck learnt to eat quickly;if he was too slow, the other dogs stole his food.He saw Pike, one of the new dogs, steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking.The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen.Perrault was very angry, but he thought another dog,Dub,had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck.Buck was learning how to live in the north.In the south he had never stolen, but there he had never been so hungry.He stole cleverly and secretly, remembering the beatings from the man with the club.Buck was learning the law of club and tooth.He learnt to eat any food anything that he could get his teeth into.He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger, harder,and could see and smell better than ever before.In a way,he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest,killing for meat as they went.It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf, because it was in his blood.In the evenings, when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud,he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him.巴克学会了快速进食;因为如果他吃的慢了,别的狗就会偷他的食物吃。
他见到新来的狗中一只叫派克的狗趁佩诺特没看见时从雪撬上偷肉吃。
第二天巴克也偷了嘴,但没有被发觉。
佩诺特非常生气,但他还以为是另一条叫达布的狗干的,他教训了它一顿,而巴克得以幸免。
巴克适应了北方的生存方式。
在南方他从未于过偷窃的行当,但在那儿他也从来不用饿肚子。
他偷得巧妙又隐蔽,牢牢记着那个拿大棒的男人给他的痛打。
巴克正在学会如何对付大棒和牙齿。
他学会了吃各种食物吃只要他咬得动的任何一种东西。
他学会了用脚破冰取水来解渴。
他变得更加强壮、威猛,嗅觉和视觉也比以前更发达了。
从某种意义上说,他逐渐地恢复野性,像以前的野狗一样穿梭在丛林中捕食。
对他来说,学会像狼一样厮杀易如反掌,因为这是与他血脉相通的本性。
晚上,当他仰首望月,凄厉地长嗥时,他记起来他的祖先。
They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring.Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well,but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge.The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres.But the next day, and for days afterwards, they were on new snow.The work was harder and they went slowly.Usually, Perrault went in front,on snowshoes, flattening the snow a little for the dogs.Francois stayed by the sledge.Sometimes the two men changed places, but there were many small lakes and rivers,and Perrault understood ice better.He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin.Day after day Buck pulled in his harness.They started in the morning before it was light,and they stopped in the evening after dark, ate a piece of fish,and went to sleep in their holes under the snow.Buck was always hungry.Francois gave him 750 grams of dried fish a day, and it was never enough.The other dogs were given only 500 grams;they were smaller and could stay dive on less food.他们正在制造小船准备着春天冰雪消融时过河。
巴克挖了一个雪洞,美美地睡了一觉,但他很早就被叫起来套上挽具拉雪撬。
第一天,他们在雪地里奔波,雪已经被数百个雪撬碾过,压得结结实实的,他们赶了60公里路。
但是第二天和以后的日子里,他们在新雪上奔跑。
这工作非常辛苦,他们进程缓慢。
通常是由佩诺特穿着雪地靴走在前面,为狗把雪地踏得平实一些。
弗朗索瓦斯呆在雪撬上,有时他们调换一下。
但佩诺特对付冰比较在行,而路上有许多小湖泊和河流。
他总是知道什么时候河上的冰层最薄。
巴克日复一日地拉着雪撬。
他们天不亮就起程,直走到日落西山才停下来,吃一点鱼,然后钻到雪洞里睡觉。
巴克总是吃不饱。
弗朗索瓦斯一天喂给他750克干鱼,但他仍然不够吃。
其余的狗每天只能得到500克鱼吃;他们体型较小,进食少一些仍可以生存。
They bought three more dogs that morning,and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon.Buck was not sorry to be moving, and although it was hard work, he almost enjoyed it.He was also surprised to see that Dave and Solleks no longer looked bored and miserable.Pulling in a harness was their job, and they were happy to do it.Dave was sledge－dog, the dog nearest to the sledge.In front of him was Buck, then came Sol-leks.In front of them were the six other dogs, with Spitz as leader at the front.Francois had put Buck between Dave and Sol－leks because they could teach him the work.Buck learnt well,and they were good teachers.When Buck pulled the wrong way, Dave always bit his leg, but only lightly.Once, when they stopped, Buck got tied up in his harness,and it took ten minutes to get started again.Both Dave and Sol－leks gave him a good beating for that mistake.Buck understood, and was more careful after that.It was a hard day's journey, up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains.They camped that night at Lake Bennett.Here there were thousands of gold miners.那个早晨,他们又买了3条狗。