基于MAX1452的压力传感器校准系统

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基于MAX1452的电涡流传感器设计

基于MAX1452的电涡流传感器设计电涡流传感器是一种常用于测量金属零件精确位置和运动的传感器。

利用电磁感应原理，电涡流传感器能够检测金属零件表面的微小电流变化，从而实现对金属零件位置和运动的监测和控制。

MAX1452是一款专为电涡流传感器设计的高精度、低噪声的模拟前端芯片。

MAX1452具有内置的放大器和低噪声ADC，能够将传感器输出的微小电流信号转换为数字信号，实现对电涡流传感器的数据处理和分析。

其次，在设计过程中需要考虑传感器的灵敏度和分辨率。

灵敏度表示传感器的输出变化与被测量物理量变化之间的关系，分辨率表示传感器能够分辨并测量的最小物理量变化。

调整线圈的尺寸和形状、选择合适的磁芯材料和线圈材料，以及调整放大器的增益等都可以影响传感器的灵敏度和分辨率。

此外，为了提高传感器的抗干扰能力，还可以在设计过程中考虑使用差分输入模式和滤波技术。

差分输入模式可以抵消来自于电源和环境的共模噪声，提高信号的纯净度；而滤波技术可以减少高频噪声的干扰，提高传感器的信噪比。

最后，基于MAX1452的电涡流传感器设计还需要进行信号调理和数据处理。

MAX1452提供了内置的放大器和低噪声ADC，但这些数字信号可能还需要经过滤波、放大、抖动补偿等处理，才能得到精确的测量结果。

总结起来，基于MAX1452的电涡流传感器设计需要考虑传感器元件的选择、灵敏度和分辨率的调整、抗干扰能力的提高以及信号调理和数据处理等方面。

通过合理的设计和优化，电涡流传感器可以广泛应用于工业自动化、机械制造、汽车电子等领域，实现对金属零件的高精度测量和控制。

信号线性转换芯片MAX1452(中文)

Step Response and IC (63% Final Value)
Maximum Capacitive Load
Output Noise
BRIDGE DRIVE
Bridge Current
IBDR
Current Mirror Ratio
AA
VSPAN Range (Span Code) DIGITAL–TO–ANALOG CONVERTERS
DAC reference = VDD = +5.0V
OTCDAC Bit Weight
∆VOUT/ ∆Code
DAC reference = VBDR = +2.5V
FSODAC Bit Weight
∆VOUT/ ∆Code
DAC reference = VDD = +5.0V
FSOTCDAC Bit Weight
MAX1452
低价位精密传感器信号调理器
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage, VDD to VSS.........................................-0.3V, +6V All Other Pins ...................................(VSS - 0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V) Short-Circuit Duration, FSOTC, OUT, BDR,
MAX1452结构包含一个可编程传感器激励、一个16级可编程增益放大器 (PGA)、一个768字节 (6144位) 内部EEPROM、四个 16 位 DAC、一个通用的运算放大器以及一个内嵌的温度传感器。除偏移量和跨度补偿外，MAX1452 还利用偏移量的温度系数 (TC) 和跨度温度系数 (FSOTC) 提供独特的温度补偿，在提供非凡灵活性的同时降低了检测成本。

基于MAX1452的压力传感器的温度补偿系统设计

Key words: Pressure Sensor; MAX1452; MicroController Unit; Temperature Compensation
II
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ..............................................................................................................II 1.绪论 1.1 传感器的发展现状 ..................................................................................(1) 1.2 压力传感器介绍 ......................................................................................(2) 1.3 压力传感器的温度漂移与补偿 ..............................................................(3) 1.4 本文研究内容 ..........................................................................................(4) 2.MAX1452 概述及补偿原理介绍 2.1 MAX1452 概述 .........................................................................................(6) 2.2 模拟部分 ..................................................................................................(8) 2.3 数字部分 ..................................................................................................(9) 2.4 补偿原理 ................................................................................................ (11) 3.系统硬件设计 3.1 补偿系统的总体框图 .............................................................................(14) 3.2 电源模块设计 .........................................................................................(14) 3.3 单片机及外围电路设计 ........................................................................(15) 3.4 MAX1452 工作电路 ...............................................................................(18) 3.5 A/D 转换模块 ..........................................................................................(19) 4.系统软件设计 4.1 概述 .........................................................................................................(24) 4.2 初始化模块 ............................................................................................(24) 4.3 显示模块 ................................................................................................(26) 4.4 中断服务模块 .........................................................................................(27)

基于MAX1452的压力传感器校准系统

1 绪论1.1 课题背景及研究意义随着科学技术的不断发展，非电量的测试与控制技术已经越来越广泛的应用。

尤其在航天、航海、冶金、能源、生物医学、自动检测与计量等技术领域。

而且随着社会的发展，这种技术也逐步渗透到人们的日常生活中。

可以说测试技术与自动控制技术水平的高低是衡量科学技术现代化的重要标志之一[1]。

传感器是实现测试与自动控制的首要环节。

如果没有传感器对原始信息进行准确可靠的捕获和转换，计算机发展的水平再高，依旧无法进行测试和控制。

任何一种传感器在制造、使用时都需要对其设计指标进行一系列实验，以确定传感器的基本性能。

硅压阻式传感器是一种广泛应用于工业生产、国防建设和航天测量的基本部件。

由于半导体材料组成的硅压阻式传感器普遍存在着：一致性、温漂和非线性等问题，在使用过程中都要进行补偿与非线性矫正。

传统的矫正方法是采用温度敏感器件与模拟电路实现。

近年来，随着计算机技术日新月异的发展，对于硅压阻式传感器的矫正与补偿都采用微型计算机系统实现，这样的方法具有补偿精度高、工作稳定、体积精巧和传输方便等特点。

这种方法组成的传感器信号调理电路也把传感器输出电路与变送器形成一体，即为现今的智能传感变送器。

这种智能传感变送器还可以构成网络化测量系统，甚至能很方便的接入Internet网络。

据光电行业开发协会(OIDA)做出的最新预测，从2003年到2006年期间，智能传感器的国际市场销售量将以每年20％的高速度增长[2]。

对于传统传感器采用模拟方式对信号在模拟域进行处理，校准与补偿采用激光微调薄膜电阻、电位器等“模拟记忆”元件，温度补偿一般采用热敏电阻、二极管等温度敏感元件。

所有这些方法存在以下主要缺点：1、补偿精度受限于传感器的非线性误差和温度特性；2、补偿器件同样受温度漂移困扰；3、自动化调理设备价格昂贵；4、人工调节不但精度不高，而且增加生产成本，不适合批量生产。

第1页共38页本设计应用精密的信号调理器MAX1452的调理技术，设计开发了硅压阻式传感器的补偿与标定系统。

MAX1452非线性修正应用电路

MAX1452 非线性修正应用电路摘要：MAX1452 是一款高性能的模拟传感器信号调理器，已广泛用于工业领域和汽车电子领域。

对于多数应用来说，传感器输出的非线性修正非常重要。

虽然MAX1452 内部没有集成非线性修正功能，但只需要添加三个电阻即可实现线性输出。

这篇应用笔记给出了修正电路，并提供测试数据验证其有效性。

概述对于非线性输出传感器(例如，湿度传感器)，信号调理器是否能够修正传感器的非线性输出非常关键。

本应用笔记介绍如何使用MAX1452 修正传感器输出的非线性，该芯片是极受欢迎的低成本、高性能信号调理器，内置闪存、温度传感器和完整的模拟信号路径。

尽管MAX1452 没有包含非线性修正功能，但可通过非常简单的外围电路实现，即利用三个附加电阻进行非线性修正。

需要注意的是，这种方法仅适合电桥驱动模式的MAX1452，并不适合MAX1455，原因是MAX1455 不能用于电桥驱动模式。

图1. 基本的非线性校准电路非线性修正电路图1 所示为MAX1452 非线性修正电路。

这个线性化处理电路的工作原理是利用OUT 引脚放大后的输出电压对传感器桥的激励电压进行调节。

当OUT 随着传感器输出的增大而增大时，电桥激励也略有增大，产生一个非线性传输函数。

对于标称值为4.7kΩ桥电阻，选择RF = 18kΩ、RS = 1.8kΩ。

ROF 的作用是保证在整个工作条件下将电桥输出偏移到正电压。

根据反馈电路的传输函数，选取ROF 时要确保电桥的差分输出始终为正值：INP - INM > 0。

本应用笔记中实例电路和传感器参数设置如下：BDR 电压(FSO DAC 设置下的电压输出)为3.6V (标称值)。

BDR 电压经过RS 和传感器桥分压后产生大约2.6V 的桥驱动电压。

具体应用中，通过配置PGA 提供系统所需的增益，使0 至100%的差分电桥输出在OUT 引脚产生摆幅为0.5V 至4.5V 的电压。

基于MAX1452的应变测试系统前端模块的设计

温度修正等飞机应变信号测试所必需的功能。该采集模块实际应用表明，高精度采集下实现了各应变采集通道的在
完全独立，同时实现了其体积和功耗相当微小的特点，通过测试网络系统可以安装在对空间要求比较严格的飞也其机各个部位。
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载测试技术的发展，国飞行试验中正在采用当前国际先进我
的网络化分布式测试系统和测试设备进行飞机试验日飞机。
供电及工作的完全独立，某一通道因传感器发生故障时不当
通滤波．然后由ＳＩ１的Ｄ芯片进行转换，由ＦＧ对Ｐ接２１ＰＡ１６位ＡＤ数据进行编码输入到网络接口当中去。集电路使，采用芯片少，装小，耗低，通过电路板的设计实现了通道封功并
第２０卷第２期
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电子设计工程

基于MAX1452的应变测试系统前端模块的设计

基于MAX1452的应变测试系统前端模块的设计安都勋;霍建华;王留全【摘要】In order to satisfy the requirement of the aircraft networked strain test system,the design of front-end acquisition module isdesigned.MAX1452 provides designers with a convenient,fast design.The front-end conditioning circuit of strain acquisition module by using the MAX1452,can provide excitation voltage,offset voltage,PGA and temperature correction by software.The experiment and application show that this acquisition module can have every channel independently and good performance,and achieve the design requirement.%根据当前飞机机载测试产品中分布式网络化应变测试系统的要求设计了一种前端多通道的通用应变采集模块。

使用Maxim公司高度集成的单传感器调理芯片MAX1452通过软件实现了激励电压提供,电路偏置,增益调节和温度修正等飞机应变信号测试所必需的功能。

该采集模块实际应用表明,在高精度采集下实现了各应变采集通道的完全独立,也同时实现了其体积和功耗相当微小的特点,其通过测试网络系统可以安装在对空间要求比较严格的飞机各个部位。

【期刊名称】《电子设计工程》【年(卷),期】2012(020)002【总页数】3页(P118-120)【关键词】机载测试;网络化测试;应变;采集模块;MAX1452【作者】安都勋;霍建华;王留全【作者单位】中国飞行试验研究院,陕西西安710089;中国飞行试验研究院,陕西西安710089;中国飞行试验研究院,陕西西安710089【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP391在飞行试验中，对飞机应变量进行测试是十分普遍而且重要的，也是鉴定飞机本身的性能和安全的重要依据[1]。

基于MAX1452的电涡流传感器设计

设计应用esign & ApplicationD基于MAX1452的电涡流传感器设计Design of eddy current sensor based on MAX1452鹿文龙，汉海霞（陕西电器研究所，西安 710075）摘要：基于MAX1452设计电涡流传感器电路，利用MAX1452多温度点补偿功能，对电涡流传感器进行温度补偿，可使电涡流传感器具有温度误差自动修正功能，改善电涡流传感器的温度特性。

设计的电涡流传感器在实际测试中性能稳定，温度特性良好，对提升电涡流传感器测量精度和温度特性具有重要意义。

关键词：电涡流；距离测量；MAX1452；温度补偿传统的电涡流传感器普遍没有温度补偿功能，通常温度特性较差。

即便进行了温度补偿，效果也很有限，只能通过放置一个与探头线圈温度特性相反的电感进行粗略补偿，且补偿温度范围很窄，无法取得良好的补偿效果。

为了提高电涡流传感器的温度特性，减小温度对电涡流传感器的影响。

本文提出一种基于MAX1452的电涡流传感器设计，在实现电涡流测量的同时，可以对电涡流传感器进行温度补偿。

本设计可以在（-40~125）℃范围内对电涡流传感器进行温度补偿，并可多个温度点补偿。

在保证电涡流传感器输出性能的基础上，改善了电涡流传感器的温度特性。

MAX1452采用数字化补偿方式，补偿精度高，操作方便，可以实现传感器的批量补偿。

1 电涡流传感器结构和工作原理如图1所示，电涡流传感器由探头、电路板、外壳和线缆组成[1]。

探头内部是1个线圈，可等效为电感L 。

电路板包括振荡电路、谐振电路、检波电路、补偿放大电路和滤波电路，其中谐振电容C 与探头线圈L 组成LC 谐振电路，其谐振频率f 为1/2πLC 。

外壳用于保护和固定内部元件，线缆用于传感器供电和信号输出。

电涡流传感器采用非接触式测量原理[2]，通常用于测量距离。

图2为电涡流传感器工作原理，当金属板置于探头线圈附近，它们之间的间距为δ，线圈输入交变电流i 1时，便产生交变磁通量Φ1。

MAX1452-MAX1455传感器

MAX1452/MAX1455 传感器
摘要：MAX1452/MAX1455 是高性能传感器信号调理器，提供模拟电压输出。

信号调理器既可工作于数字模式，也可工作于模拟模式。

通常，传感器校准采用数字模式，且实际应用中调理器在模拟模式下启动、工作。

为在模拟模式下可靠启动，VDD 和VDDF 电源必须满足可靠时序和性能要求。

本应用笔记讨论启动要求，并给出了成功应用该器件设计指南。

概述MAX1452 和MAX1455 是高性能信号调理器，内置闪存和温度传感器。

两款芯片工作在数字模式和模拟模式。

信号调理器在数字模式下进行补偿和编程设置，在模拟模式下启动、工作。

实际应用中，有些用户遇到过以下问题在数字模式下启动的问题，虽然已将信号调理器设置在模拟模式。

模拟模式下启动的设置为在模拟模式下成功启动MAX1452/MAX1455，必须满足以下三项要求：
必须将MAX1452/MAX1455 设置为模拟模式下启动。

VDD 电源必须符合特定要求。

VDDF 电源必须符合特定要求。

设置MAX1452/MAX1455 在模拟模式下启动
UNLOCK 引脚应短接至GND 或通过一个外部下拉电阻连接到GND [UNLOCK 引脚悬空时，具有内部弱下拉电阻]。

必要时，可通过外部下拉电。

基于MAX1452的压力传感器校准系统摘要

基于MAX1452的压力传感器校准系统设计摘要针对硅压阻式传感器存在的稳定漂移误差和输出信号的非线性提出了MAX1452温度调理芯片进行补偿的方案。

本设计描述了系统结构、功能、数据传输及软件实现，描述了温度补偿系统的整体架构，着重阐述了MAX1452的补偿原理以及对传感器的补偿过程。

利用C语言对上位机软件进行编程，实现对核心补偿器件MAX1452的可视化操作与控制。

通过最小二乘法进行曲线拟合，得到温度漂移补偿数据。

测试结果表明可以使传感器经过补偿以后，在-40～80℃的温度范围内输出的信号与压力有良好的线性关系。

关键词：硅压阻式传感器，温度误差，MAX1452，温度补偿Design of Compensating Silicon Piezo resistiveSensor’Error based on MAX1452AbstractThe stability of nonlinear drift error and the output signal for silicon piezo resistive sensors, the MAX1452 temperature conditioning chip compensation program. Describes the system structure, function, data transmission and software for this design, describes the overall structure of the temperature compensation system, focusing on the MAX1452 compensation principle and the compensation of the sensor. The use of C language programming on the PC software, operation and control of the visualization core compensation device is the MAX1452. By the method of least squares curve fitting to get the temperature drift compensation data. The test results show that the sensor is after the compensation, the output signal in the temperature range of -40 ~ 80 °C and pressure have a good linear relationship.Key Words：silicon piezo resistive sensor，temperature errors，MAX1452，Temperature compensation。

基于MAX1452的压力传感器校准系统英文文献

Sensor Networking：Concepts，Applications，and Challenges1 IntroductionAt the end of the 20th century，the Internet has been able to provide a large number of users with the ability to move diverse forms of information readily and thus has revolutionized business，industry，defense，science，and education，research，and human interactions．The technologies of information pro-cessing in the last fifty years that made the Internet possible included modern microelectronics resulting in low-cost PCs and servers and world-wide telecommunication and computer networking infrastructure.In the last ten years，sensor networking combines the technology of modern microelectronic sensors，embedded computational processing systems，and modern computer and wireless networking method-ologies．It is believed that sensor networking in the 21st century will be equally significant by providing measurement of the spatial-temporal physical phenomena around us，leading to a better understanding and utilization of this information in a wide range of applications．Sensor networking will be able to bring a finer-grained and fuller measurement (using acoustic，seismic，magnetic，infrared，imaging，etc．data) and characterization of the world around us to be processed and communicated，so the decision makers can utilize the information to take actions in near-real-time．In the last few years，there have been much world-wide interests in the basic and applied research and deployment of sensor networks (e．G，the cumulative number of＂hits＂on Goggle Scholar by the fall of 2005 on ＂sensor networks＂is over 350，000．) In the last three years，there were numerous annual conferences and workshops held around the world on sensor networks (e．G，some of them include)．Many technical monographs and books dealing with sensor networks have appeared (e．G，some of them include)．Several Special Issues of journals dealing with various aspects of sensor networks have also been published (e．G，some of them include)．These statistics andinformation all indicate that sensor networking has extensive interests．In this overview paper，Section 1 provides an introduction to the sensor networking problem．Section 2 considers the recent explosive interests in sensor networks.．Section 3 discusses various concepts and hardware issues．Section 4 reviews four main basic application cases in the NSF funded CENS program at UCLA．Section 5 lists six challenges in sensor networks．A brief conclusion is included in Section 6．The references include numerous relevant papers，books，and conferences that have appeared in recent years．2 Explosive interests in sensor networksSensor network as a concept and in realization appeared only in the last five years or so due to the accumulations of enabling technologies of the last fifty years．The concept of a programmable digital computer was originated in the 1940s．In the 1950s，mainframe electronic digital computers were built．They were expensive and were only available in few educational，governmental，and commercial research organizations．At this time，basic concepts of digital communication also became known In the 1960s，mini-computers became popular and digital computations were made available to more users．In that period，satellite and terrestrial microwave communication made the transmission of large amount of digital data possible．The concept of the transmission of data over a network of many nodes distributed over large areas was pioneered by researchers of the Arpanet．In the 1970s，microprocessors significantly reduced the cost of digital computations，and the availability of low-cost DSP chips also made digital processing possible for many applications．Commercial and military communication and computer networks were spread around the world. In the 1980s，PCs appeared and the beginning of the Internet allowed researchers at few research and large commercial organizations to easily communicate with others．In the 1990s，optical communication networks and the availability of the WWW browser allowed the explosive growth of world wide communications among individuals through the Internet.In this period，advances in embedded processors and wireless communication technology led to the creation of ad hoc networks and explosive world-wide usage of cellular telephony．In2000s，with all the above available technologies，sensor networking was made possible．A sensor network consists of dozens/hundreds/thousands of nodes (possibly randomly distributed)，each with a sensor (e．G，acoustic，seismic，magnetic，chemical，image，video，temperature，etc．)，a low-power embedded processor (of varying processing capability)，a radio (e．G，a low-power transceiver of varying capability and range)，a battery often of limited energy and size，and a program controlling one or more nodes and possibly some parts of the network to perform some given task.．The slogan of a few years ago，＂The network is the computer，＂is now，＂The network is the sensor．＂2.1 Sensor networks connect the physical world to the virtual worldIn the last fifteen years，the Internet using computer networks had connected the digital computers of the world into a virtual world. Sensor networks provide the capability of connecting the physical world(using the sensors in the sensor networks) to the digital world through the Internet to the virtual world.Sensor networks enhance the explosive impact of the Internet many folds by bringing the phenomena of the physical world under greater understanding and control．At present，the European SENSOR consortium with over thirty-five participating institutions in fifteen countries is using sensor networks to study the understanding of the multifunction use of land．The U．S．National Science Foundation (NSF) is supporting several large research efforts using sensor networking．NEON (National ecological observatory network) is estimated to be a $500 millions project over many years．An observatory may track birds and weather over a forest canopy．Another one may track invasive species causing agricultural losses，while a third one may monitor the biosphere associated with climatal changes．The Earth scope project is estimated to cost $200 millions and its purpose is to erect 3，000 stations to track faint tremors，measure crustal deformation and make three-dimensional maps of the interior of the earth．The Neptune project，also estimated to cost $200 millions，will place 2，000 miles of cables with sensors，cameras，and tether less robots in the depth of the Pacific Ocean from California to Canada. Its goal is to study from the depth to the surface for the total understanding of the ocean environment．NSF has also funded a ten year researchprogram of approximately $40 millions at CENS (Center for Embedded Networked Sensing) at UCLA starting in 2002 to study the impact of densely embedded sensing for scientific applications．Details on some of the projects of CENS will be discussed in Section 4．Many other applications of sensor networks have been proposed and implemented．It may include robotic control in manufacturing and industrial inventory management of products．It may perform personal health monitoring of senior citizens in their homes．Sensor network has been used for environ-mental pollutant monitoring on land，water，and air．It can be perform habitant monitoring in open spaces. Sensor networks can monitor plants in precision farming．It can monitor structural integrity of buildings．It can detect，localize，and track vehicles and people for commercial and military surveillance and reconnaissance applications．2.2 Commercial aspects of sensor networksAn ideal sensor network node (often called a mote) is shown in Fig．1．It may consist of one or more sensors，a microprocessor/controller，programs to perform its desired operation，a RF transceiver，and a battery supply．To keep cost low (i.e., costing less than $1)，it needs to use a fully integrated single chip CMOS design of less than 1cm3in volume．To achieve ultra low-power，it needs to use less than one milliwatt of power．At present there are several dedicated hardware companies including Crossbows，Mill all Net，Eaton，IV，etc，selling various types of mote nodes，sub-systems，and services in sensor networks.Intel makes the Star gate sensor node．Recently．IBM announced the formation of a new business unit to invest $250 million over five years to support products and services in sensor networks．Microsoft also has an active R&D efforts in sensor networks．3 Concepts and hardware in sensor networksIn this section，we will introduce various concepts and hardware in sensor networks．They include sensor principle and hardware；sensor signal processing and communication；sensor network methodology；network position and synchronization；sensor network energy management；sensor network data management；sensor network node architecture；and sensor network data integrity and security．Sensors act as the ＂eyes and ears＂of the sensor networks in accepting inputs from the physical world. Acoustical sensor (microphones) may be low cost condenser microphones or calibrated micro-phones (e．G，Linear X M31 and M53 microphones)．Chemical sensors may detect CO2 or nitrates. Sensors to detect vibrations can use low-cost geophones or more accurate and expensive bi-axial or triaxial accelerometers．Sensors to detect magnetic ﬁelds can utilize magnetometer．Low-cost image and video sensors use CCD sensing devices．All of the previously listed sensors have existed for many years and are capable of sensing various physical phenomena．These conventional sensors are commercially available and have well deﬁned costs，sizes，and sensitivities．However，state-of-the-art MEM-based sensors are often much smaller，have greater sensitivities and have lower power needs，but often are available only from laboratories in experimental batches．For practical system applications，there are trade offs between commercially available low-cost sensors versus＂super performance＂but expensive，unavailable，and unproven MEM-basedsensors．There are many issues in sensor signal processing and communication．The ADC (analog-digital-converter) bit requirement depends on the type of signals encountered by the sensors．The issue of communication transmission energy per bit versus processing energy cost per bit is an important matter in sensor networks．In some applications，it is possible to perform more local processing at the nodes instead of transmitting the raw information bits for processing at a central node．Often it is desirable to perform distributed processing than centralized processing in wireless sensor networks．There is active research in trade offs studies in low-bits，low-power，and distributed processing algorithm in sensor networks．A sensor network can be organized in a star，ring，tree，or ad hoc manner．An important initial organization requirement of a network is to discover connectivity among the nodes so communication links can be established．Network routing procedure shows which links are desirable from the communication energy and node reserve energy points of view．Latency and congestion are issues of importance in routing．Models for information channels (e．G，broadcast，multiple-access，cooperative relaying，etc．) and theoretical rate-ﬂow capacity results for maximum data transfer in the sensor network are areas of active research．Spatial-temporal relationships for physical phenomena can be observed by densely distributed nodes in a sensor network．In order to determine the location and time of events of one or more sources of interest as they evolve in space and time，the nodes must know their own positions (and in time if the nodes are also moving)．Sensor network constraints of distributed versus central processing，low-power processing，and limited physical placements of the nodes all make these solutions to be challenging．4 ChallengesIn this section，we list six fundamental challenges in the research，development，and commercial aspects of sensor networks．1) Application specific–Problems in sensor networks are highly application specific as can beseen from the four case studies described in Section 4．It is essentiallyimpossible to design a sensor network system that is near optimum for many applications．It is clear that sensor networks will form basic building blocks of many societal infrastructures (i．e，electric power network，water and natural gas networks, transportation network，etc．)．All these systems posse both a challenge in that innovative design needs to be used to tackle each new sensor network application．but also presents the massive manufacturing of few generic sensor network systems to reduce their costs．2) Cooperative operation of the sensor network–How do all the sensor nodes operate in an organized and systematic manner to exploit the correlated information available across all parts of the network? This cooperation may involve different level of fusion of the results obtained after distributed processing across the entire network．3) Node and source localization–In many sensor networks，the location of the sensor nodesmust be determined．This problem has been addressed by many researchers，but reliable and practical solutions for many applications are still quite challenging．The detection，localization，and tracking of multiple sources have been considered for many years in aerospace applications，but are even more challenging in sensor networks with limited resources for real-time applications．4) Poor wireless communication links–Low-powered RF transmission under severe multipath propagation conditions limits the reliability of most wireless sensor networks over single links．Reliable hop links are even more challenging．Research and development efforts to solve these problems need to be considered from the theoretical system as well as practical hardware points of view．5) False positive issue using sensor network–Many deployed sensor networks often produced the＂false positive＂result．That is，the network declared some critical state (thus resulting in the need to take some important actions) from the measured data in the network，when the true situation does not warrant such actions. This＂crying wolf scenario＂lowers the confidence of the use of sensor networks for some applications．At present，this problem and not necessarily the technical nor cost of such sensor network systems are preventing wider deployments．Clearly，better hardware at the node level aswell as better decision algorithm need to be utilized to reduce the frequency of this problem．6) Battery limitation–Many sensor networks operate in remote locations with no AC power Supply．heir physical locations may present the usage of solar cells to charge the batteries．thus，higher energy density batteries muse be used for these situations．Active research and development in various small form factor fuel cells may lead to their availability in the near future．5 ConclusionsThe overview paper considered some basic issues in sensor networking．It is clear that sensor networking is only at its infancy．Much challenging work in research，development，and application will be performed in sensor networks in the coming years．。

max1452的编程及应用

max1452的编程及应用标签：MAX1452编程校准变送器信号调理目前对MAX1452的应用和开发有一个阶段了。

总体感觉这个芯片还不错，当然优点和缺点都很突出。

我先讲讲有点，这些都是我个人的理解，不一定全对。

优点：1.单芯片集成放大器，FLASH存储器，数字接口，另外更是集成了一个自由运算放大器。

集成度很高。

2.单线uart接口，校准操作很方便。

3.自由放大器可以做两线4~20ma的V/I。

很灵活，也可以作为后级放大器再放大信号。

4.具有内部温度传感器，也就是所谓的温度索引指针，这个是个温度传感器驱动的一个查表指针。

可以查找校准数据。

5.16位可编程的校准精细度。

6.具有轨到轨的输出能力。

7，放大，校准，温度补偿功能。

150us的快速阶跃响应。

缺点：1.pga放大级增益有些小，最适合的传感器就是扩散硅传感器。

2.内部集成的并非手册所言的eeprom，而是FLASH，这个在操作内部flash的时候能切身体会到不方便的，不明白MAXIM这么大的半导体公司竟然也在乱讲概念。

3.数据接口指令混乱，刚开始看，你非得让他把你绕死，而且每个命令都是半字节，如果要操作编程，你不得不把一个字节拆开在合并，很麻烦，这点不想TI类似的芯片PGA309/PGA308，协议看起来很简单，操作很容易。

4.内部参数一致性比较差。

温度传感器不能指定为外部温度传感器，只能使用MAX1452自身的温度，这一点不好，会出现传感器和1452不同温度场的状态。

5.芯片温漂很大，如果不温补基本不能用。

6.内部没有基准源，所有的参考都是以电源电压为参考，所以外围电路成本较高。

7.技术支持很差,我能打5~6次电话到美信的技术支持中心，接待我的工程师甚至不清楚1452的功能，简单记录后说回复，但是到现在没有恢复过。

8.EMC能力较弱。

这个是相比较而言，我们用过TI的pga308和pga309比较之后得出的结论。

典型应用电路：内部flash的地址分布：通过内部flash的分布可以看出他的flash的分布也很乱，前面的页是操作擦除的最小单位，也就是说你要修改呢一个字节，必须把这个页全部读出来在内存中修改好后在写进去。

信号线性转换芯片MAX1452(中文)

Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature.........................................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................ +300°C
91
102
143
157
0.02
V
0.100 0.20
V
Hale Waihona Puke 4.87V0.1
Ω
1.05 1.20
V/V
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX1452
低价位精密传感器信号调理器
___________________________________ 应用
压力传感器变送器应变仪压力校准和控制器阻性元件传感器加速计湿度传感器
_____________________________ 支持的输出
4 – 20mA 0至+5V (满摆幅) +0.5V 至 +4.5V 比例方式
MAX1452 为 16 引脚 SSOP 封装，提供商业级、工业级和汽车级温度范围。
___________________________________ 定制
Maxim 对大规模量产的特定应用可定制 MAX1452。通过使用我们的特定单元库中 2,000 多个传感器专用功能块， Maxim 可以快捷地提供一套经过修改的 MAX1452 解决方案。若需更多信息请联系 Maxim。

基于MAX1452的压力传感器校准系统毕业设计

基于MAX1452的压力传感器校准系统毕业设计压力传感器在工业领域中扮演着重要的角色，但是由于制造过程中的误差和使用环境不确定性等因素，压力传感器的准确性存在一定的偏差。

为了提高压力传感器的准确性，在传感器的制造和使用过程中进行校准是非常必要的。

本文将基于MAX1452压力传感器，设计一个压力传感器校准系统的毕业设计。

首先，我们需要了解MAX1452压力传感器的工作原理和特点。

MAX1452是一种高精度的模拟前端和ADC（模拟-数字转换器）解决方案，适用于压力和流量传感器的应用。

它具有低功耗、高动态性能和内部温度传感器等特点，非常适合用于压力传感器的校准。

根据压力传感器的特点和要求，我们可以设计一个压力传感器校准系统的方案。

整个系统主要分为硬件设计和软件设计两个部分。

在硬件设计方面，我们需要选择合适的传感器连接电路和信号调理电路，以及合适的电源电路。

对于MAX1452压力传感器，我们可以直接使用其提供的参考电路和外部电源电路，然后根据具体需求设计信号调理电路，如放大电路和滤波电路。

此外，为了方便数据的采集和传输，我们可以添加一个微控制器和串口模块。

在软件设计方面，我们需要编写相应的校准算法和界面程序。

首先，我们需要采集并记录一系列已知压力值对应的传感器输出值。

然后，通过对这些数据进行分析和处理，得到校准系数和校准参数。

最后，我们可以编写一个简单的界面程序，用于显示校准结果和实时监测传感器的输出。

总结一下，本文基于MAX1452压力传感器，设计了一个压力传感器校准系统的毕业设计方案。

通过对压力传感器进行校准，我们可以提高其准确性，使其更好地适应各种工业场景的需求。

同时，通过设计一体化的硬件和软件系统，我们可以实现便捷的校准操作和实时监测功能。

融冰系统的工作原理

融冰设备的工作原理融冰设备就是利用热管快速均匀传热原理，给埋件迎水面进行加热，即在密封的方管容器内充装适量的传热介质，容器的一端为加热段，另一端为放热段，把加热装置布置于容器的加热段，通过加热控制柜手动或电动控制加热装置，当该端被加热时，传热介质吸收能量，迅速传递到另一端，放出热量后回到加热段，如此循环不停，使附着在埋件和水封上的冰融化，确保闸门冰期操作时水封不被破坏，从而满足闸门的启闭要求。

4 融冰设备的结构及布置融冰设备由密闭的无缝方钢、加热装置、导热液、灌液管、传感器及控制系统组成。

加热装置固定在密闭的方钢内，加热装置的加热管内放入电加热器，加热装置与方钢之间通过灌液管灌入适量的导热液，传感器系统与方钢固定，然后通过电缆与控制系统连接。

密闭方钢采用6mm×140mm×140mm的冷拔无缝方钢，材料为20钢，既保证了高密封性又保证了强度。

加热装置的电加热管材料1Cr18Ni9Ti，规格直径57mm，厚3.5mm的钢管，温度升到一稳定值时，加热管内的加热器加温与放热平衡，不再升温，加热过程中，其表面温度低，没有明火，不会产生燃烧。

传热介质采用超导液，该液体是一种无色透明易挥发的无机化合物，化学性能稳定，高温不分解，其传热速度超过任何已知金属，且和铁、不锈钢、铜等金属容器有很好的相容性，且长期受热不结垢，无毒、无污染、无放射性，对人体无害，-30 ℃时正常使用，在300 ℃环境下不自燃。

但其见光分解，因此必须放置在真空的密闭容器中。

压力传感器利用MAX1452专用芯片进行温度补偿和非线性校正，在-25 ℃～80 ℃温度区间测量精度在1%以内，输出0.5～2.5V电压信号或4～20mA电流信号。

温度传感器由陶瓷基片和薄层的激光烧刻的铂金层构成，其核心组成部分热电阻采用PT100EN60751标准，在进行严格工艺的封装后，用以直接测量液体、蒸汽和气体介质及固体表面的温度。

灌液管的套管、温度传感器及压力传感器的套管材料均为1Cr18Ni9Ti。

基于MAX1452的MEMS压力传感器校准系统的设计

2009年第10期仪表技术与传感器Instrum ent T echn i que and Sensor 2009 N o 110收稿日期:2006-08-20 收修改稿日期:2009-05-12基于MAX1452的M E M S 压力传感器校准系统的设计赵岩,李永红,王恩怀(中北大学,山西太原 030051)摘要:为解决飞行器气动参数测试系统中压力测量时的温度漂移问题,设计了一种基于MAX 1452的M E M S 压力传感器校准系统。

介绍了系统结构、功能、数据传输及软件实现。

利用V is ua l C ++6.0对上位机软件进行编程,实现了对核心补偿器件MAX 1452的可视化操作与控制。

通过最小二乘法进行曲线拟合,得到零点及灵敏度温度漂移补偿数据。

运行结果表明:系统工作可靠,压力参数测量精度优于015%FS .关键词:M E M S 压力传感器;信号调理;校准;温度补偿中图分类号:TP212 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1002-1841(2009)10-0094-03Cali bration Syste m ofM E M S Pressure Sensor w ith M AX1452ZHAO Y an ,L I Y ong -hong ,WANG En -hua i (Nor th Un iversity of Ch i na ,T aiyuan 030051,Ch i na)Abstract :In orde r to so l ve the prob l em of te m perature dr ift i n the pressure testi ng o f the a irc ra ft aerodynam i c para m eters ,a ca li bra ti on syste m ofM E M S pressure sensor based on M AX1452w as presented .The structure ,functi on ,da ta trans m i ssi on and soft w are design o f the syste m w ere i n troduced .It desi gned t he progra m o f the host co m pute r unde r V isua l C ++6.0to i m ple m ent v isual ope ration and control about M AX 1452w hich was the m a i n co m pensation un it .A curve fitting a lgo rith m based on l east square m ethod was adopted to obta i n t he co m pensa ti on data .A ppli cation results show that it i s a re li able syste m w ith good effect ,the precision o f pressure testi ng is be tter t han 0.5%FS .K ey word s :M E M S pressure senso r ;si gna l cond iti oning ;cali brati on ;te m pe rature com pensati on 0 引言随着国防工业的不断发展,飞机、导弹等飞行器的结构无论在外形、受力情况及边界条件等方面均变得十分复杂[1]。

基于MAX1452硅压力传感器温度补偿系统的设计

Ｓｎｏｅｓｒ’Ｅｒｏａｅｎ【ｒｒｂｓｄｏＡＸ１５４２
ＬＵＰｎ，ＩｅｇＹＡＮＧＸｅｙｕ，ｕ — ｏＹＡＮＧＬｎｈｉＬｎ — ｉｉ — ｕ，ＩＹａｇｂｎ
（ｔｔＫｙＬｂｏｒｃｉｎＭｅｓｒｇＴｃｎｌｇｎｓｒｍｅｔ，ｉｎｉｎｖｒｉＴａｊ００２ＣｉａＳａｅｅａｆｅｉｏａｕｉｅｈｏｏｙａｄＩｔＰｓｎｎｕｎｓＴａｊＵｉｅｓｙ，ｉｎｉ３０７，ｈｎ）ｎｔｎ
ＡｂｔａｔＡｌｎｗａｎｒｄｃｄｆｒｃｍｐｎａｉｇｔｅｔｍｐｒｔｒｌｏｓａｄｔｅｎｓｒｃ：ｐａｓｉｔｕｅｏｏｅｓｔｈｅｅａｕｅｅＴｒｎｏ—ｌｅｆｔｅｓｌｏｒｓｕｅｓｎｏｙｏｎｈｉｒｏｉｃｎｐｅｓｒｅｓｒｂｎｈｉｕｉｇｔｅＭＡＸ１５ｒｃｓｏ．Ｔｅｆｍｅｏｉｃｍｐｎａｉｇｓｓｅｗａｅｃｂｄｓｎｈ４２ｐｏｅｓｒｈｒａｔｓｏｅｓｔｙｔｍｓｄｓｒｅ．Ｔｉｐｐｒｙｓｔｅｐｉｃｐｅｆｔｅｔｒ－ｆｈｎｉｈｓａｅｅｈｒｎｉｌｓｏｈｅｎｐｒｔｒｏｅｓｔｎａｄｅｅｕｖｒｃｓｅｒｅａｕｅｃｍｐｎａｉｘｃｔｅｐｏｅｓｓｏｐｅ—ｃｌｒｔｎａｄｃｍｐｎａｉｎｈｘｒｍｅｔｌｅｕｔｈｗｔａｅｒｌ－ｏｎｉｆａｉａｉｏｅｓｔ．Ｔｅｅｐｉｎａｓｌｓｏｔｈｅａｂｏｎｏｅｒｓｈｔ