微机硬件原理期中复习

微机硬件组成原理期中复习题1. How many bits are in a byte?Eight2. Which component on the motherboard is used primarily for processing?The CPU (central processing unit)3. Name three manufacturers of CPUs.Intel, AMD, Cyrix4. What two technologies are used to manufacture microchips?CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) and TTL (transistor-transistor logic)5. What are two other names for the motherboard?Main board, system board6. List three types of ports that are often found coming directly off the motherboard to be used by external devices.Serial port, parallel port, USB port7. List three kinds of memory chips.SIMMs (single inline memory modules), DIMMs (dual inline memory modules), RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules)8. What is the difference in volatile and nonvolatile memory?V olatile memory is temporary and needs a constant electrical charge to hold data. Nonvolatile memory is permanent and holds memory even when electricity is turned off.9. What is the measurement of frequency of a system bus and CPU? Which is faster, the system bus or the CPU?Frequency is generally measured in Hz or MHz. The CPU is faster than the system bus.10. List three ways that configuration information can be stored on a motherboard.Through ROM, physical switches, or the CMOS configuration chip.11. When is an IRQ assigned to a device or controller?At startup12. Give an example of a controller that can manage a single IRQ for several devices.USB controllers13. What is the decimal number 256 in hex?10014. What are the four most popular types of motherboard form factors?AT, Baby AT, A TX, Mini A TX15. How many power cords connect to a Baby AT motherboard?Two16. Name 10 components that are contained on a motherboard.CPU, chip set, system clock, ROM BIOS, CMOS configuration chip, CMOS battery, RAM, RAM cache, system bus with expansion slots, jumpers and DIP switches, ports that are directly on the board, power supply connections17.What was the first Intel CPU to contain external cache?Pentium Pro18.If you know the memory bus speed, how can you determine the CPU speed?The memory bus X the multiplier = the CPU speed. You can use jumpers on the motherboard to set the memory bus speed or bus clock. The jumpers set the multiplier, which then determines the CPU speed or processor speed.19.When is it appropriate to use a Celeron rather than a Pentium II in a computer system?The Celeron is appropriate for use in low-end multimedia 9x PCs.20.Which is more powerful, the Celeron or the Xeon processor?Xeon21.What are the two major competitors of Intel in the CPU market?Cyrix and AMD22.What are the five voltages produced by an A TX power supply?+5, -5, +12, -12, and +3.323.What are the four voltages produced by an A T power supply?+5, -5, +12, and -1224.List three advantages an A TX system has over a baby A T system.Makes it easier to add and remove components, provides greater support for I/O devices, and lowers costs25.What are three motherboard form factors that can be used with a compact case?NLX, LPX, or mini-LPX26.What are the two main types of uninterruptible power supplies?Standby and inline27.List four system resources that software uses to manage hardware.IRQ numbers, memory addresses, I/O addresses, and DMA channels28.What Windows 9x utility allows you to see the IRQ assignments made to devices?Device Manager29.Why is programming code that is stored in ROM BIOS sometimes copied to RAM? Whatis this process called?Because reading from RAM chips is generally faster than reading from ROM chips. The process is called shadowing ROM, or just shadow ROM.30.What is the name of the first 512 bytes on a hard drive?The MBR (master boot record)31.What are the three files required to boot Windows 9x to a command prompt?Io.sys, Msdos.sys, and 32.Why is it dangerous to edit the Config.sys file with a word processor?Because word processing programs place control characters in their documents that prevent the OS from interpreting the file correctly.33.What is the purpose of Io.sys in Windows 98?Io.sys is the first program file for Windows 9x. It contains the basic I/O software for real mode and is necessary to boot to MS-DOS mode.34.Identify three things that may cause monitor flicker.Poor cable connections, accumulated magnetic fields, electrical noise, vertical scan frequency below 60 Hz, screen resolution set too high35.In Windows 9x, when troubleshooting problems with a monitor, why would you enterSafe Mode?To allow the OS to select a generic display driver and low resolution36.What are two other names for FireWire? What is the data throughput for FireWire?ILink and IEEE 139437.How much video RAM is required to produce a resolution of 800 x 600 with 65,000colors?1 MB38.Give three examples of monitor screen sizes. How are monitor screen sizes measured?14-, 15-, 17, and 21-inch screen sizes. Screen size describes the diagonal length of the screen surface.39.Which provides better quality, an interlaced monitor or a noninterlaced monitor? Why?Noninterlaced, because it draws the entire screen on each pass40.What three colors are used to build all colors on a color monitor screen?red, green, and blue41.What chip controls the speed of serial ports? What Windows utility program can you useto determine what version of this chip you have installed?The UART chip. You can use Device Manager to determine what version of this chip you have installed.42.Why might you choose to use ECP mode for your parallel port rather than EPP mode?If you need greater speed43.When installing a device, why would you prefer to use a PCI expansion slot rather thanan ISA expansion slot?Because a PCI device is easier to configure than an ISA device and the PCI bus is faster than the ISA bus44.Which gives better image quality, a .25-mm dot pitch monitor or a .28-mm dot pitchmonitor? Why?.25, because the smaller the pitch, the sharper the image45.If a motherboard has a slot 1, what CPU(s) is it designed to support?Pentium II and later Pentiums46.What characteristics of the motherboard architecture determine the amount of memorythat a CPU can address?The number of traces, or wires, on the bus that are used for memory addresses47.What component inside a computer case keeps a CPU cool?CPU fan and heat sink48.Describe the difference between a PGA socket and an SPGA socket.In a PGA (pin grid array) socket, pins are aligned in uniform rows around the socket. In an SPGA (staggered pin grid array) socket, the pins are staggered over the socket to squeeze more pins into a smaller space. the three most popular manufacturers of system BIOS programs.AMI BIOS, Award BIOS, Compaq, Dell, IBM, Micro Firmware (BIOS upgrades),Phoenix BIOS, Unicore (BIOS upgrades)50.Why don't all buses on a motherboard operate at the same speed?Because not all devices to which the buses are connected transmit data at the same speed.The speeds of different hardware components are evolving at different rates.51.What are the four categories of cargo that are carried over a bus?Electrical power, control signals, memory addresses, and data52.Describe how you can access the CMOS setup program.By pressing certain keys (depends on the specific computer and CMOS program) during the boot process53.What advantage does a USB port have over serial ports?Devices that connect to a USB port are generally easier to configure than devices that connect to a serial port.54.What is the basic electronic building block of an integrated circuit?The transistor55.How does an intelligent UPS differ from one that is not intelligent?An intelligent UPS can be controlled by software from a computer to allow additional functionality.56.List three well-known OSs.DOS, Windows 9x (95, 98, Me), Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, OS/2, Linux, UNIX, Mac OS57.What must happen to a program that is stored on a hard drive before it can be executed?It must be loaded into RAM and assigned memory addresses.58.What is a hidden file? Name a Windows file that is hidden.A hidden file is a file not displayed in the directory list. Io.sys is an example of a hiddenfile.59.ROM BIOS chips that can be upgraded without replacing the chips are called ________.Flash ROM60.If memory addresses are used by the CPU to access memory, then what are I/O addressesused for?The CPU uses I/O addresses to access hardware devices. Devi ces “listen” for their I/O addresses on the address bus and respond to only those requests for information that carry their I/O addresses.。