中学考试英语新题型摘录要点

中考文章摘录要点专题讲解一、考题要求：第二节摘录要点( 5小题，计10分)阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。

二、样题研究：2014长沙摘录要点样题是一篇150个词的文章，它由两部分组成，一是所需阅读的文章一篇，二是根据该文章所设计的图表，其题材为说明文，图表是文章的结构图，它反映了文章本身的逻辑思路，也是反映命题人的设题思路。

图表共5个空格，其答题信息均可直接从原文中找到。

三、对考生要求：尽管样题的答题信息均可从原文中直接找到，但为了使考生万无一失，以不变应万变，我们还是对考生相关能力提出了更高要求。

1.阅读理解能力。

对文章的整体把握，领略大意。

对文章的结构和层次把握，弄清局部和整体的关系。

对文章局部的透彻理解，提取有用信息。

2.对图表的识读能力。

考生要迅速把握图表的结构分布层次，命题人的出题角度，哪个空是考察细节，哪个空考察结论，哪个空考察标题。

3.分析、概括、推断能力。

图表试题中有的可以直接从原文中提取到，有的则需要对原文信息进行再加工处理，得到原文相一致的文外词汇。

4.正确书写能力。

这就需要考生具有一定的词汇储备，而且能够认识句子结构和句子成分，根据句子结构和成分来判断所填词的词性。

当然，考生也应该具有构词法的知识。

例如，词性转换，形容词、副词的比较级、最高级，名词的复数形式等。

此外，还有提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。

四、解题步骤：第一步，浏览图表。

划分板块，标题块、结论块、主题块、细节块。

标题块和结论块里的空放在最后做，然后按主题块次序先做细节空，再做主题空。

第二步，快速略读全文，把主题块和相应的段落对应起来。

第三步，在图表中领任务，第一主题块对应的细节中的空，带上任务精读相应的段落细节，提取信息，填空完成试题。

然后完成主题块，最后完成标题块。

五、题目的设置类型及答题策略1.信息捕捉题(文中原词)要求学生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词来填空。

例如：样题中第58题可从原文第一句It lies in Taoyuan County and is 23 km away from Changde.直接得出。

样题中第59题可从第一段最后一句The tour area today is made up of four parts－the Taohua Mountain, the Taohualing Hill, the Taoyuan Mountain and the Qinren Village.直接得出。

2.同义转换题灵活考查学生在知识重组基础上，运用多中表达方式表意的能力，突显遣词造句能力的考查。

比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。

同时，在限定不超过3个词的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思维的能力。

这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行加工转换。

2014长沙中考样题56题所给答案（56. Places of interest / Scenic spots / Scenic area / Attractive places…）就充分的体现了这一点。

3.信息综合题(综合概括题)要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题，考查学生概括与推断的能力，归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。

例如样题的第57. Changde Poem Wall常见英语摘录要点概括性词汇：标题title 主题topic 原因cause/reason结果result措施/步骤measure/step 方法solution/way/manner/method态度attitude 趋势tendency结论conclusion建议suggestion/tip/advice 要求requirement/demand 问题problem 观点opinion/view/idea 意义significance目的/目标purpose/aim/goal 影响effect/influence定义definition 来源source 数量quantity质量quality 优劣advantage/disadvantage 特色.特征feature 人物/角色character. 类型type/kind/sort 情节plot 内容content 行为behavior重要性importance 必要性necessity/must 情感feeling/emotion异同difference/similarity 外表appearance 信息information 人口population 贡献contribution 想象力imagination 创造力creativity 概括、总结summary 要点、提纲outline 其它time/place/situation/condition六、专题训练第一组（1）阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。

It lies in Taoyuan County and is 23 km away from Changde. The temples here were built in the 10th century. During the reign (统治) of Guangxu (1875-1908) of the Qing Dynasty, a scenic spot (景点) appeared according to the article“On the Land of Peach（桃）Flowers”written by Tao Yuanming, a famous writer of the Jin Dynasty. The tour area today is made up of four parts －the Taohua Mountain, the Taohualing Hill, the Taoyuan Mountain and the Qinren Village.Changde Poem WallChangde Poem Wall is a 3-kilometer-long riverbank alongside the Yuanjiang River, which is engraved (雕刻) with poems, handwriting and painting and it is listed as the longest wall with engraved arts in Guinness Record.Title（标题）: 56 in ChangdeName Location (位置) Features (特色)Taohuayuan in Taoyuan Countythe Taohua Mountain5958 away from Changdethe Taoyuan Mountainthe Qinren Village（2）A recent report from Zhuzhou Daily says about 18% of Zhuzhou teenagers can have problems with their minds（内心，精神）. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates. Zhang Qiang, a Junior 2 student from Zhuzhou , could not understand his teachers in class and was doing badly in his lessons. He was afraid of exams. When he looked at the exam paper, he couldn’t think of anything to write. Another student, a 15-year-old girl called Wu Yan often argued with her classmates even her parents because of some different ideas. She became so annoyed about them that she started to cut her finger with a knife. However, many students who have problems won’t go for advice or help. Some think they will look stupid（愚蠢的）if they go to see a doctor. Others don’t want to talk about their secrets. In order to solve the teenagers’problems, here is（3）In most Chinese tea villages, March is the time of year in which locals start to pick and process tea. 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A hotel room is about 230 yuan a night.Beijing is not very cold in winter. It's about -10°C. It doesn't often rain or snow. Hotels usually cut their prices in winter. About 200 yuan a night is enough. CityWeather 1______ . of a hotel room SanyaIt's still 2 ______. in winter. About 320 yuan a night 3 ______ . It' s very cold in winter. About 4 _____ yuan a night BeijingIt' s not very cold in winter. It doesn't often 5 ___________.About 200 yuan a nightOf the 90 million pet cats in this country, about two—thirds are allowed to go outside. It is said that these cats kill hundreds of millions of birds each year, as well as billions of small animals such as rabbits and field mice.They can also bring illness to the animals that live in people's yard(院子), further weakening the health of the natural populations.Allowing pet cats to go outside is not just bad for birds and wildlife, it's also bad for the cats themselves. Outdoor cats can get sick very easily. They are in danger from traffic and attacks (攻击) from other animals. In fact, outdoor cats usually don't live past the age of five, while indoor cats often live to be 17 or older.(5)The idea of Mother’s Day is a very old idea. It was started by the ancient Egyptians (埃及人),who celebrated(庆祝) a day to honour (向……表示敬意) Isis, the mother of the pharaohs. The early Christians(基督教徒) celebrated a day to honour Mary, the mother of Jesus.Later, English Christians celebrated to honour all mothers. This English holiday was called “Mothering Sunday”.When the English came to America, they did not have time for Mothering Sunday, so the holiday was not celebrated in America. In 1914,the U.S passed a law which designated(规定) the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day to honour the mothers who had lost sons in war.Today, Mother’s Day is celebrated in many other countries for all mothers. In Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Mother’s Day is celebrated on the same day as in the United States—the second Sunday in May. Children give their mothers cards, gifts, and flowers. Schools plan Mother’s Day’s special activities.In China, the holiday is celebrated to show the respect(尊重) the Chinese have for the old people, and the love they have for their parents. Ten top mothers are chosen by the government. People all over the country try different ways to help mothers who are poor.（6）An American named Crum invented potato chips in 1853, although that was not his intention （意图）. He was a chef at a beautiful restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. A regular dish on the menu was fried(油炸的) potatoes, which was an idea that had started in France. At that time, French fried potatoes were cut into thick slices(片).One day, a dinner guest at the restaurant sent back his fried potatoes to the chef because he did not like them so thick. 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Scientists use the heat to make geothermal(地热的)energy. This kind of energy is cheap, but it is only possible in a few places in the world. Energy from the sunSolar panels (太阳电池板) on the roofs of houses can turn energy from the sun into electricity. Solar power is clean and plentiful(丰富的).but when the weather is bad, It doesn't work.(8)请阅读下面有关希望工程帮助失学儿童的报道，根据所提供的信息，完成信息卡。