广东海洋大学2014年博士研究生入学考试试题2701地球物理流体力学

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广东海洋大学数学物理方法2014,2015年考博真题

3701《数学物理方法》第 1 页共 3 页广东海洋大学2014年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题考试科目（代码）名称：3701数学物理方法满分100（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后同试卷一并交回。

）一、试推导水槽中的浅水重力波方程。

已知：水槽截面为矩形，槽长为L ，槽宽为H ，两端由刚性平面封闭，槽中的水在平衡时深度为h 。

(20分)二、用行波法求解下列一维波动方程Chauchy 问题的解：（20分）若初始速度为0，分析其解的物理意义。

三、一条半无限均匀细杆，热量沿x 轴一维传播，侧面绝热，端点温度变化已知，杆的初始温度为0°C 。

用拉普拉斯积分变换法求x 点在时刻t 的温度分布(,)u x t 。

(20分)四、用傅里叶变换求解波动方程的柯西问题 (20分) 22222000 -,0(), 0 - t t t u u a x t t x u x u x ϕ==⎧∂∂-=∞<<∞>⎪∂∂⎨⎪==∞<<∞⎩22222000 -<,0() ()t t t u u a x t t x u x u x ϕψ==⎧∂∂-=∞<+∞>⎪∂∂⎨⎪==⎩3701《数学物理方法》第 2 页共 3 页五、在xoy 平面内区域D 有边界l ,域D 内u (x,y )满足：试用数值差分法求解上述Laplace 方程。

(20分)广东海洋大学2015年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题考试科目（代码）名称：3701数学物理方法满分100分（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后连同试卷一并交回。

）六、已知：矩形水槽截面的槽、槽宽及槽中的水在平衡时深度，两端由刚性平面封闭，试推导水槽中的浅水重力波方程。

(20分)七、用行波法求解波动方程的解并解析其物理意义：（20分）2222+=0 (,)lu u x y u f x y ⎧∂∂⎪∂∂⎨⎪=⎩22222000 -,0sin , 0 t t t u u a x t tx u x u ==⎧∂∂-=∞<<∞>⎪∂∂⎨⎪==⎩3701《数学物理方法》第 3 页共 3 页八、一条半无限均匀细杆，热量沿x 轴一维传播，侧面绝热，端点温度变化已知，杆的初始温度为0°C 。

博士生入学流体力学资料-整理后

三、充满油的油缸内有一自由活塞向下运动，油通过间隙向上流动，由于
d
1 ，

又很大，这就成为一个阻尼器，且流动是层流。如果活塞以等速 V0
运
动，忽略端部效应。如果已知活塞高度 l ，直径 d ，流体粘度，流体密度，
上端面压强 p2 ，下端面压强 p1 ，间隙，活塞速度 V0 ，求作用于活塞上的力（除油压 p1 和 p2 以外的力）。
w a b( y ) c( y )2 ，（其中a,b,c为待定常数），试求：（20分）（1）平板层流附面层的速度分布；
w

（2）附面层的厚度及动量损失厚度；（3）平板壁面上的局部摩擦系数和总摩擦系数。 2
博士学位研究生入学考试试题（2006-A）
一、是非题（共 10 题，每题 4 分）
w a b( y ) c( y )2 ，（其中a,b,c为待定常数），试求：（20分）
w

（1）平板层流附面层的速度分布；
（2）附面层的厚度及动量损失厚度 2 ；
（3）平板壁面上的局部摩擦系数和总摩擦系数。
五、在 (a,0) 与 (a,0) 分别放置一个汇和一个源，其强度均为 Qs ，且有一自左向右的均匀来流，速度为V ，平行于 x 轴，求叠加后的势函数、流函数与驻点坐标。（20分）
r (a,
b,
c,
t
)
，再由此求加速度的拉格朗日描述；
（3）流线及迹线。
二、密度为的两股不同速度的不可压缩流体合流，通过一段平直圆管，混合后速度与压力都均匀，如图所示。若两
股来流面积均为 A ，压力相同，一股流速为V ，另一股流速为 2V ，假定管壁摩擦力不计，流动定常绝热。证明单位 2

中国海洋大学2010年博士研究生入学考试试题

中国海洋大学博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：科目名称：---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 一、简答题（每题12分）1．长为L 的均匀弦，两端固定，弦中张力为T0，在x=h点，以横向力F0拉弦，达到稳定后，放手任其自由振动，写出定解条件。

该题是否需要衔接条件？2．行波法解题的要领是什么？它适合于求解哪一类定解问题？能否用行波法求解如下定解问题：U tt - a2U xx=0 （0 « x<∞，t>0 ）U(0,t)=0;U(x, 0)=φ(x); U t(x, 0)=Ψ(x)3．何为积分变换？它的解题步骤是怎样的？4．用分离变量法求解定解问题时，应如何选择坐标系？能否在直角坐标系中求解如下定解问题：U xx + U yy=0= f (φ)U∣ρ=a5．在球坐标系中，在轴对称的情况下，写出拉普拉斯方程（△U=0）在球内的解的表达式。

二、计算题（共2题，每题20分）1．半径为ρ高为H的圆柱体。

上底和侧面保持零度，下底温度分布为f（ρ）=ρ2，写出定解问题，并给出柱体内各点的稳恒温度分布的通解的表达式。

2．求解下列定解问题：U tt - a2U xx=0 （0 < x < L ，t >0 ）U(0,t)= 0;U(L,t)=0;U(x, 0)=3sin(2πx/L); U t(x, 0)=0;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------特别提醒：答案必须写在答题纸上，若写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。

广东海洋大学806食品微生物学2014年考研专业课真题试卷

广东海洋大学2014年考研专业课真题试卷广东海洋大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
《食品微生物学》（806）试卷
（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。

本科目满分150分）
一、填空题（16×1=16分）
1、病毒是主要是由及组成的非细胞类生物。

（2分）
2、微生物的营养物质运输方式有、、
和四种。

（4分）
3、微生物与生物环境间的相互关系有、、、
和捕食。

（4分）
4、次级代谢常见的产物有、、
等。

（3分）
5、免疫系统是由有、、三部分组成。

（3分）
二、单项选择题（18×1=18分）
1、第一个发明微生物纯培养技术的科学家是。

A：列文虎克 B：巴斯德C：柯赫 D：华特逊
806《食品微生物学》第1页共5页。

广东海洋大学物理复习试卷及答案

第 1 页共 10 页《大学物理学》课程试题课程号： 1910003X1√ 考试 √ A 卷√ 闭卷□ 考查 □ B 卷 □ 开卷一、选择题（单选题，每小题3分，共30分）1B ；2D ；3B ；4C ；5A ；6B ；7D ；8D ；9D ；10D 1、质点的运动方程为：)()28()63(22SI j t t i ttr-+-=，则t=0时，质点的速度大小是[ ]。

（A ）5m.s -1 （B ）10 m.s -1 (C) 15 m.s -1 (D) 20m.s -1 2、一质点在半径为0.1m 的圆周上运动，其角位置为3t 42+=θ(SI ）。

当切向加速度和法向加速度大小相等时，θ为[ ]。

(A) 2rad (B) 2/3rad (C) 8rad (D) 8/3rad 3、有些矢量是对于一定点（或轴）而确定的，有些矢量是与定点（或轴）的选择无关的。

在下述物理量中，与参考点（或轴）的选择无关的是[ ]。

（A ）力矩（B ）动量（C ）角动量（D ）转动惯量 4、半径为R 的均匀带电球面的静电场中，各点的电势V 与距球心的距离r 的关系曲线为［］。

5、在真空中，有两块无限大均匀带电的平行板，电荷面密度分别为+σ和-σ的，则两板之间场强的大小为［］。

第 2 页共 10 页（A ）0εσ=E （Ｂ） 02εσ=E （Ｃ） 02εσ=E （D ）Ｅ＝０ 6、关于静电场的高斯定理有下面几种说法，其中正确的是［］。

（A ）如果高斯面上电场强度处处为零，则高斯面内必无电荷；（B ）如果高斯面内有净电荷，则穿过高斯面的电场强度通量必不为零；（C ）高斯面上各点的电场强度仅由面内的电荷产生；（D ）如果穿过高斯面的电通量为零，则高斯面上电场强度处处为零。

7、静电场的环路定理说明静电场的性质是[ ]。

（A ）电场线不是闭合曲线；（B ）电场力不是保守力；（C ）静电场是有源场；（D ）静电场是保守场。

广东海洋大学14-15第二学期高数期末考试试题A,B卷(含答案)汇编

广东海洋大学2014—2015学年第二学期《高等数学》课程试题课程号：19221101x2□√考试□√A 卷□√闭卷□考查□B 卷□开卷题号一二三四五六七八九十总分阅卷教师各题分数2118357685100实得分数一、填空题（共21分每小题3分）1．曲线⎩⎨⎧=+=012x y z 绕z 轴旋转一周生成的旋转曲面方程为122++=y x z ．2．直线35422:1z y x L =--=-+与直线⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+=+-==tz t y tx L 72313:2的夹角为2π．3．设函数22232),,(z y x z y x f ++=，则=)1,1,1(grad f )6,4,2(．4．设级数∑∞=1n n u 收敛，则=∞→n n u lim 0．5．设周期函数在一个周期内的表达式为⎩⎨⎧≤<+≤<-=,0,10,0)(ππx x x x f 则它的傅里叶级数在π=x 处收敛于21π+．6．全微分方程0d d =+y x x y 的通解为Cxy =．7．写出微分方程xe y y y =-'+''2的特解的形式xaxe y =*．二、解答题（共18分每小题6分）1．求过点)1,2,1(-且垂直于直线⎩⎨⎧=+-+=-+-02032z y x z y x 的平面方程．班级：姓名：学号：试题共6页加白纸3张密封线GDOU-B-11-302解：设所求平面的法向量为n，则{}3,2,1111121=--=k j i n(4分)所求平面方程为32=++z y x (6分)2．将积分⎰⎰⎰Ωv z y x f d ),,(化为柱面坐标系下的三次积分，其中Ω是曲面)(222y x z +-=及22y x z +=所围成的区域．解：πθ20 ,10 ,2 :2≤≤≤≤-≤≤Ωr r z r (3分)⎰⎰⎰Ωv z y x f d ),,(⎰⎰⎰-=221020d ),sin ,cos (d d r rzz r r f r r θθθπ(6分)3．计算二重积分⎰⎰+-=Dy x y x eI d d )(22，其中闭区域.4:22≤+y x D 解⎰⎰-=2020d d 2rr eI r πθ⎰⎰--=-20220)(d d 212r e r πθ(4分)⎰-⋅-=202d 221r e π)1(4--=e π(6分)三、解答题（共35分每题7分）1．设vue z =，而22y x u +=，xy v =，求z d ．解：)2(232y y x x e y ue x e xv v z x u u z x z xy v v ++=⋅+⋅=∂∂⋅∂∂+∂∂⋅∂∂=∂∂(3分))2(223xy x y e x ue y e yv v z y u u z y z xy v v ++=⋅+⋅=∂∂⋅∂∂+∂∂⋅∂∂=∂∂(6分)yxy x y e x y y x x e z xy xy d )2(d )2(d 2332+++++=(7分)2．函数),(y x z z =由方程0=-xyz e z所确定，求yzx z ∂∂∂∂,．解：令xyz e z y x F z-=),,(，(2分)则,yz F x -=,xz F y -=,xy e F z z -=(5分)xye yzF F x z zz x -=-=∂∂，xye xzF F y z zz y -=-=∂∂．(7分)3．计算曲线积分⎰+-Ly x x y d d ，其中L 是在圆周22x x y -=上由)0,2(A 到点)0,0(O 的有向弧段．解：添加有向辅助线段OA ，有向辅助线段OA 与有向弧段OA 围成的闭区域记为D ，根据格林公式⎰⎰⎰⎰+--=+-OA DL yx x y y x y x x y d d d d 2d d (5分)ππ=-⋅=022(7分)4．设曲线积分⎰++Lx y x f x y x f e d )(d )]([与路径无关，其中)(x f 是连续可微函数且满足1)0(=f ，求)(x f ．解：由xQ y P ∂∂=∂∂得)()(x f x f e x'=+，即xex f x f =-')()((3分)所以)d ()(d d )1(C x e e e x f x x x+⋅=⎰⎰---⎰)(C x e x +=，(6分)代入初始条件，解得1=C ，所以)1()(+=x e x f x．(7分)5．判断级数∑∞=12)!2()!(n n n 的敛散性．解：因为)!2()!()!22(])!1[(limlim 221n n n n u u n nn n ++=∞→+∞→(3分))12)(22()1(lim 2+++=∞→n n n n 141<=(6分)故该级数收敛．(7分)四、（7分）计算曲面积分⎰⎰∑++y x z x z y z y x d d d d d d ，其中∑是上半球面221z y x --=的上侧．解：添加辅助曲面1,0:221≤+=∑y x z ，取下侧，则在由1∑和∑所围成的空间闭区域Ω上应用高斯公式得⎰⎰∑++y x z x z y z y x d d d d d d ⎰⎰∑+∑++=1d d d d d d yx z x z y z y x ⎰⎰∑++-1d d d d d d yx z x z y z y x (4分)d 3-=⎰⎰⎰Ωv (6分)34213π⋅⋅=π2=．(7分)五、（6分）在半径为R 的圆的内接三角形中，求其面积为最大的三角形．解：设三角形各边所对圆心角分别为z y x ,,，则π2=++z y x ，且面积为)sin sin (sin 212z y x R A ++=，令)2(sin sin sin πλ-+++++=z y x z y x F (3分)由⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=++=+==+==+=πλλλ20cos 0cos 0cos z y x z F y F x F z y x (4分)得32π===z y x ．此时，其边长为R R 3232=⋅．由于实际问题存在最大值且驻点唯一，故当内接三角形为等边三角形时其面积最大．(6分)六、（8分）求级数∑∞=1n nnx 的收敛域，并求其和函数．解：1)1(lim lim1=+==∞→+∞→nn a a R n n n n ，故收敛半径为1=R ．(2分)当1-=x 时，根据莱布尼茨判别法，级数收敛；当1=x 时，级数为调和级数，发散．故原级数的收敛域为)1,1[-．(5分)设和为)(x S ，即∑∞==1)(n nnx x S ，求导得∑∞=-='11)(n n x x S x-=11，(6分)再积分得⎰'=x xx S x S 0d )()(x xxd 110⎰-=)1ln(x --=，)11(<≤-x (8分)七、（5分）设函数)(x f 在正实轴上连续，且等式⎰⎰⎰+=yx x ytt f x t t f y t t f 111d )(d )(d )(对任何0,0>>y x 成立．如果3)1(=f ，求)(x f ．解：等式两边对y 求偏导得)(d )()(1y f x t t f y x f x x+=⎰(2分)上式对任何0,0>>y x 仍成立．令1=y ，且因3)1(=f ，故有⎰+=xx t t f x xf 13d )()(．(3分)由于上式右边可导，所以左边也可导．两边求导，得3)()()(+=+'x f x f x f x 即)0(3)(>='x xx f ．故通解为C x x f +=ln 3)(．当1=x 时，3)1(=f ，故3=C ．因此所求的函数为)1(ln 3)(+=x x f ．(5分)广东海洋大学2014—2015学年第二学期《高等数学》课程试题课程号：19221101x2□√考试□A 卷□√闭卷□考查□√B 卷□开卷题号一二三四五六七八九十总分阅卷教师各题分数271577181214100实得分数一、填空题.（每小题3分，共27分）1.二元函数2241y x z --=的定义域是}4),({22<+y x y x 2.设向量)1,2,1(-=→a ，)2,1,1(=→b ，则→→⨯b a =(-5,-1,3)3.过点（1，1，1）且以)11,4,1(-=→n 为法线向量的平面方程为6114=+-+z y x 4.将yoz 坐标面上的抛物线z y 22=绕z 轴旋转所成的曲面方程是:zy x 222=+5.极限=++→→2222001sin)(lim yx y x y x 06.设函数)ln(xy z =，则yz∂∂=y 17.曲线32,1,t z t y t x =-==在点(1,0,1)处的切线方程是：31121-=-=-z y x 8.改变累次积分I=⎰⎰101),(ydx y x f dy的次序为I =⎰⎰10),(xdyy x f dx 9.微分方程xy y 2='的通解是2x ce二、单项选择题（每小题3分，共15分）班级：姓名：学号：试题共5页加白纸3张密封线GDOU-B-11-3021．设函数⎰=Φ3)()(x a dt t f x ，则=Φ')(x （D ）（A）)(x f （B）)(3x f （C）)(32x f x （D）)(332x f x 2.设函数y x z sin 2=，则yx z∂∂∂2等于（B ）(A)y x cos 2+(B)y x cos 2(C)x2(D)ycos 3．直线11121-+==-z y x 与平面1=+-z y x 的位置关系是（B ）（A）垂直（B）平行（C）夹角为4π（D）夹角为4π-4．设D 是第二象限内的一个有界区域，而且10<<y ，记⎰⎰=Dyxd I σ1，⎰⎰=Dxd y I σ22，⎰⎰=Dxd y I σ213，则321,,I I I 之间的大小顺序为（C ）（A）321I I I ≤≤（B）312I I I ≤≤（C）213I I I ≤≤（D）123I I I ≤≤5．微分方程0ln =-'y y y x 是（A ）（A）变量分离方程（B）齐次方程（C）一阶齐次线性微分方程（D）一阶非齐次线性微分方程三．计算由两条抛物线x y =2，2x y =所围成的图形的面积。

2015年广东海洋大学考博真题3102渔业资源与渔场学

一、《渔业资源与渔场学》的学科概念及研究内容是什么？（15分）二、性腺成熟度包括哪些方法？各种方法的划分标准及计算式是什么？（15分）三、海洋环境的哪些因素与鱼类行动有密切关系？水温对鱼类行动会产生哪些影响？（20分）四、中国四大海区有哪些主要的渔场？南海有哪些主要种类的渔业资源？（20分）五、以北部湾为例，假设需要调查北部湾油田群建设工程对周边渔业资源产生的影响及其评价，应如何设计海上调查方案？（应包括调查方式、海上布点、调查内容、调查工具、样品处理、人员组织、经费预算、时间安排等）（30分）评分标准一、《渔业资源与渔场学》的学科概念及研究内容是什么？（15分）1、渔业资源和渔场学时研究鱼类资源和水产动物群体的生物学以及它们的行动状态与周围环境之间的相互关系，掌握渔业资源数量变动规律以及渔场形成原理的一门综合性基础应用科学。

2、该学科研究内容主要包括以下:渔业资源和渔场学的目的和任务是为了传授渔业资源生物学的有关基础知识和点差方法以及有关捕捞对象的洄游分布、渔场形成等，为掌握渔业资源数量变动，探索鱼群分布和确定中心渔场，为确保渔业资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。

主要内容包括：（1）掌握研究渔业资源生物学的基础理论和方法，如种群、年龄和生长、食性与丰满度、繁殖习性与繁殖力和鱼类群落结构机器生物多样性等，为渔业资源评估、群体数量变动、渔情预报（包括中心渔场的确定）提供最为基础的资料。

（2）掌握鱼类的群集与洄游研究方法和基本概念。

如鱼类集群的一半规律和原理、鱼类的洄游类型和研究方法。

（3）分析和掌握海洋环境与鱼类行动之间的关系。

例如了解世界各大洋流及其一般规律、各种海洋环境（生物和非生物）与鱼类行动的关系、厄尔尼诺对海洋渔业的影响以及全球环境的变化对渔业资源的影响。

（4）掌握渔场形成的基本理论和规律。

如渔场、渔期及其渔场类型渔区和渔场图的划分编制、渔场形成的一般原理、渔场的分布、评价与变动等，并对优良渔场形成的机泵原理进行阐述。

广东海洋大学研究生入学考试真题2014博士英语考试试卷

English Test Paper for Doctorate Entrance ExaminationNote: Please write your Answer on the Answer Sheet.Part IDirections: In this section, there are 6 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre.（30%）Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can, hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.1. According to the passage, children would arouse parents' disappointment forA. admiring their friends' homes.B. talking back to their parents.C. complaining home-made dishes.D. making some spiteful remark.2. When adolescents feel disillusion with their parents, it means that theyA. feel disappointed with their parents.B. are developing into maturity.C. just want to hurt their parents.D. are expressing their discontentment.3. Adolescents in Victorian timesA. had shown more respect for parents than today.B. always answered back to deal with the problem.C. admired the authoritarian attitude of their parents.D. were too afraid to tell what they really thought.4. What is the tone of the passage?A. Critical.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Ambiguous.5. What does this passage mainly discuss?A. Children will become more and more mature when growing up.B. Parents have to change their ways in educating their children.C. The conflicts between parents and their children are inevitable.D. Parents have made mistakes in communication with childrenPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska).Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried-up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.6. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?A. Lake Tulainyo.B. Mojave desert.C. Death Valley.D. The Salton Sea.7. Where is the highest point in the United States located?A. Lake Tahoe.B. Sierra Nevada.C. Mount Whitney.D. Alaska.8. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?A. About 3 miles.B. Only 100 miles.C. 282 feet.D. 14,494 feet.9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 milesof Bakersfield?A. The Pacific Ocean.B. San Joaquin Valley.C. Mojave Desert.D. Oregon and Washington.10. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?A. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travellong distance.C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radiusof about 100 miles.D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defi nes social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together.The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separa tely from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple’s eating together fo r the first time.Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual from a low-ranking caste.11. According to the passage, the English make clear distinctions between ______.A. people who eat together.B. the kinds of food served.C. snacks and hamburgers.D. family members and guests.12. According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?A. The English.B. Americans on their first date.C. Men and women in Near Eastern societies.D. Newly-weds on the island of New Ireland.13. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT ______.A. the type of food.B. social relations.C. marital status.D. family ties.14. The last paragraph suggests that in India ______ decides how people eat.A. pollutionB. foodC. cultureD. social status15. Which of the following can best serve as the topic of the passage?A. Different kinds of food in the world.B. Relations between food and social units.C. Symbolic meanings of food consumption.D. Culture and manners of eating.Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.What comes to mind when you hear the word--diversity? Issues of race or gender may spring to mind．Equal rights? Or minority issues?I encourage people to look at a much wider definition of the word．1 would tend to say diversity is “differentness” in any form．A good example of this kind of diversity has been experienced by every person who ever left behind the comforts of home and moved into uncharted territory．Issues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background and context，but also by your religion，age，field of work，family situation，personality，and countless other factors that make us unique．Diversity affects everyone．It’s for this reason that diversity has become such a buzz word．The buzz happens because it’s all about how you handle it．It’s very much like the job a composer has when creating a great musical composition．If the composer understands what each unique note and dynamic mark is capable of in combination with the other parts，the result achieved is extraordinary．If, however，none of the parts is communicating with the others，we’re left with a cacophony(刺耳的声音)．On a personal level．it’s this understanding and acceptance of “the other” which rests at the core of diversity．Whether we’re talking about navigating through a multicultural urban environment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context，it is necessary to set aside rigid assumptions about “the other” and put oneself in the other's shoes. So how do we make this leap? It's often as simple as asking questions and being careful not to assume that what you see is necessarily what the other side sees.Often in my workshops I give a magic lesson to the audience to illustrate this principle. I first present the magic and accomplish the "impossible". The participants receive the same props but simply can't manage. We look more carefully at the situation and realize that the assumptions they made about it actually blocked them from achieving this feat; a feat they suddenly are empowered to do which, moments ago, was impossible.The goal in being sensitive to diversity is to cultivate a culture of respect for people's differences and understand that such an environment is beneficial to everyone involved.Diversity awareness is an evolution. We can't get there by snapping our fingers, and it isn't a matter of training people to have textbook politically correct attitudes. Instead it's a case of looking at the big picture of how we see the world, understanding why we see it that way, and then making surewe do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it.16. According to the author, diversity isA. confusing.B. extraordinary.C. quite common.D. universal.17. "It" in Paragraph Three refers toA. diversity.B. the buzz.C. how to handle diversity.D. the formation of diversity.18. The author believes thatA. to handle diversity one should put himself in others' shoes.B. when you are in a foreign environment, do as the Romans do.C. diversity can hardly be defined.D. diversity derives from cultural difference.19. The example of a magic lesson is to showA. everyone can do magic.B. magic is nothing but a feat.C. what blocks people from handling diversity.D. it is possible to achieve anything.20. How to raise diversity awareness according to the author?A. By living in an unfamiliar environment.B. By having politically correct attitudes.C. By being sensitive to everything one experiences.D. By understanding people's differences.Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said,"No, quite contrary." The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a "technological renaissance" say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends--not to mention strangers. And what's more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus (领袖) promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of ourtime is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attentionAnd while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each other's electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver,Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. ff this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time--our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.21. According to the passage, corporate executives think thatA. technology renaissance should be pushed forward.B. technology has a profound impact on their lives.C. technology actually results in a decline in their life quality.D. technology should be aggressively championed.22. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Technology was supposed to free people.B. The .corn generation became slaves of technology.C. New technologies occupy much of our time.D. It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.23. What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?A. Technological wonders.B. Access to information.C. Time.D. Time saving devices.24. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied thatA. social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technology.B. the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generations.C. the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civility.D. technology might make people less impatient.25. An appropriate title for the passage might beA. The New Internet Life.B. The Drawbacks of too Much Access.C. The Failure of Technological Renaissance.D. The Declining Quality of Life.Passage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A simple piece of rope hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and theirneighbors. On one side stand those who have begun to see clothes dryers as wasteful consumers of energy (up to 6% of total electricity) and powerful emitters of carbon dioxide (up to a ton of CO2 per household every year). As an alternative, they are turning to clotheslines as part of what Alexander Lee, an environmentalist, calls "what-I-can- do environmentalism."But on the other side are people who oppose air-drying laundry outside on aesthetic grounds. Increasingly, they have persuaded community and homeowners associations(HOAs) across the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, which they say not only look unsightly but also lower surrounding property values. Those actions, in turn, have sparked a right-to-dry movement that is pressing for legislation to protect the choice to use clotheslines. Only three states--Florida, Hawaii and Utah--have laws written broadly enough to protect clotheslines. Right-to-dry advocates argue that there should be more.Matt Reck is the kind of eco-conscious guy who feeds his trees with bathwater and recycles condensation drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But Otto Hagen, president of Reck's HOA in Wake Forest, N.C., notified him that a neighbor h, ad complained about his line. The Recks ignored the warning and still dry their clothes on a rope in the yard. "Many people claim to be environmentally friendly but don't take matters into their own hands," says Reck. HOAs Hagen has decided to hold off taking action. "I'm not going to go crazy," he says. "But if Matt keeps his line and more neighbors complain, I'll have to address it again."North Carolina lawmakers tried and failed earlier this year to insert language into an energy bill that would expressly prevent HOAs from regulating clotheslines. But the issue remains a touchy one with HOAs and real estate agents. "Most aesthetic restrictions are rooted, to a degree, in the belief that homogenous exteriors are supportive of property value," says Sara Stubbins, executive director of the Community Association Institute's North Carolina chapter. In other words, associations worry that housing prices will fall if prospective buyers think their would-be neighbors are too poor to afford dryers.Alexander Lee dismisses the notion that clotheslines devalue property assets, advocating that the idea "needs to change in light of global warming." "We all have to do at least something to decrease our carbon footprint," Alexander Lee says.26. What is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of using clothes dryers?A. Electricity consumption.B. Air pollution.C. Waste of energy.D. Ugly looking.27. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Opposers think air-drying laundry would devalue surrounding assets.B. Opposers consider the outdoor clothesline as an eyesore to the scenery.C. Right-to-dry movements led to the pass of written laws to protect clotheslines.D. Most of states in the US have no written laws to protect clotheslines.28. What is the HOAs' attitude towards the regulation of outdoor clotheslines?A. Concerned.B. Impartial.C. Supportive.D. Unclear.29. In the last paragraph Alexander Lee recommends thatA. clotheslines should be banned in the community.B. clotheslines wouldn't lessen the property values.C. the globe would become warmer and warmer.D. we should protect the environment in the community.30. An appropriate title for the passage might beA. Opinions on Environmental Protection.B. Opinions on Air-drying Laundry.C. What-I-Can-Do Environmentalism.D. Restrictions on Clotheslines.Part II Multiple Choice:Directions: For each of the following blanks, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the most appropriate one. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre. (10%)31. Many people like white color as it is a ______ of purity.A. symptomB. symbolC. signD. signal32. The manager needs an assistant that he can _____ to take care of problems in his absence.A.count onB. count inC. count upD. count out33. It took him several months to ____ the wild horse.A. tendB. tameC. breedD. cultivate34. It is popular among some young men to _____ beard and long hair.A. growB. plantC. keepD. prefer35.With the price of oil ______, the economy of oil-producing countries is expanding at a high rate.A. to go upB. goes upC. gone upD. going up36. To our _____, Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.A. reliefB. viewC. anxietyD. judgment37. The best students are ______ special scholarships.A. acceptedB. rewardedC. awardedD. appointed38. Evidence came up_____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as five monthsold.A. whatB. whichC. whoseD. that39. Estimates of the cost of a human mission to Mars _____ from about $20 billion to $55 billion.A. alterB. separateC. rangeD. differ40. The poor fellow is ______ by too much work, which is why I asked him to take a rest.A. run offB. run downC. run awayD. run in41. William Wordsworth would wave goodbye to his sister before _____ to study the flowers.A. setting forthB. setting byC. setting forwardD. setting off42. A great deal of communication is performed on a person-to-person ______ by the simple means ofspeech.A. basisB. baseC. foundationD. ground43. In some countries, _____ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one44. Nothing seems to be sure for certain about the prediction of earthquakes __________.A. for a long timeB. for the first timeC. for the time beingD. from time to time45. The manager ____ the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in short hand.A. passedB. copiedC. declaredD. dictated46. Many students are _______ of various kinds of hobbies in their spare time.A. interestedB. accustomedC. fondD. keen47. I always get information from the library. You ____there to see whether there is the information Part IIIchoices Keep drop their the first names results Subwayneed to do more to __56__He recogniz ed efforts made by McDonald’s, __57_ placing litter bins and increasing litter patrols, but its litter remained “all too prevalent”. All fast food chains should reduce __58__ packaging, he added. Companies could also reduce prices __59__ those who stayed to eat food on their premises, offer money-off vouchers or other __60__ for those who returned packaging and put more bins at __61__ points in local streets, not just outside their premises. A __62__ for McDonald’s said: “We do our best. Obviously we ask all our customers to dispose of litter responsibly.” Trials of more e xtensive, all-day litter patrols were __63__ in Manchester and Birmingham.KFC said it took its __64__ on litter management “very seriously”, and would introduce aprogramme to reduce packaging __65__ many products. Subway said that it worked hard to __66__ the impact of litter on communities，__67__ it was “still down to the __68__ customer to dispose of their litter responsibly”. Greggs said it recognised the “continuing challenge for us all”, __69__ having already taken measures to help __70__ the issue.51. A. elevating B. convening C. launching D. projecting52. A. signals B. signs C. commercials D. brands53. A. condemn B. refute C. uncover D. disregard54. A. around B. toward C. in D. off55. A. industry B. career C. profession D. vocation56. A. exclude B. discourage C. suppress D. retreat57. A. incorporating B. including C. comprising D. containing58. A. unreliable B. unrelated C. unimportant D. unnecessary59. A. for B. about C. with D. to60. A. accessories B. merits C. incentives D. dividends61. A. curious B. mysterious C. strange D. strategic62. A. narrator B. spokesman C. mediator D. broker63. A. in season B. at risk C. off hand D. under way64. A. responsibility B. liability C. commission D. administration65. A. around B. by C. on D. above66. A. divert B. minimize C. degrade D. suspend67. A. if B. whether C. so D. but68. A. individual B. concrete C. unique D. respective69. A. except B. without C. despite D. via70. A deal B. tackle C. cope D. disposePart IV TranslationDirections: T ranslate the following English paragraph into Chinese.(15%)Decades of overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction have left marine and coastal ecosystems in decline. Ecosystem health is compromised when waterways are dredged carelessly or excessively, or when coastal development is carried out with little concern for the environment.Part of the decline of marine and coastal ecosystems is due to negligence or a lack of awareness. Often people do not realize their actions are causing harm because many of these ecosystems are out of sight, out of mind. Other times they may have alternate imperatives,such as food security, and feel they have no options but to use marine and coastal resources unsustainably.Part V TranslationDirections: T ranslate the following Chinese paragraph into English. (15%)来自利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英文教授发现，阅读莎士比亚及其他古典作家的作品对心智发展大有裨益。

2013-2014年华南师范大学博士研究生入学考试真题《运动生理学》

2013-2014年华南师范大学博士研究生入学考试真题《运动生理学》
1、电泳、流式细胞仪、组化技术、酶标仪、气体分析仪、双能X线骨密度仪。

从以上几项生物技术中选取一个，谈谈具体的实验原理、实验步骤，及其在运动人体科学研究中的应用前景。

2、目前，运动与免疫、运动与应激、运动与心血管健康研究发展成为运动人体科学学科中研究的热点，选取一个你最熟悉的，谈谈其研究进展。

3、心血管基本的危险因素有哪些？体育锻炼对这些危险因素有哪些干预作用？
4、试述神经-内分泌-免疫网络的组成及其之间的相互作用关系。

5、试述低氧环境、高原训练的运动训练生理机制。

2014年华南师范大学博士研究生入学考试真题《运动生理学》
1、研究进展（运动与心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压）
2、实验技术（IHC、WB）
3 、HPA轴
4、激素分泌的调控。

广东海洋大学研究生入学考试真题2101生物化学

广东海洋大学2014年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题考试科目（代码）名称：2101生物化学满分100（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后连同试卷一并交回。

）一、选择题（每题1分，共20分）1、蛋白质变性是由于（）A 氢键被破坏；B肽键断裂；C水化层被破坏及电荷被中和；D蛋白质降解； E亚基的解聚。

2、下列哪种氨基酸残基最有可能位于蛋白质分子的表面？（）A、亮氨酸；B、苯丙氨酸；C、蛋氨酸；D、天冬氨酸；E、丙氨酸。

3、tRNA在发挥其功能时的两个重要部位是（）A、反密码子臂和反密码子环；B、氨基酸臂和D环；C、TψC环和可变环；D、TψC环与反密码子环；E、氨基酸臂和反密码子环4、限制性内切酶识别的序列是（）A、粘性末端；B、回文结构；C、TATAAT；D、聚腺苷酸；E、AATAA5、在生理条件下，下列哪种基团既可作为质子的受体，又可作为质子的供体？（）A、His的咪唑基；B、Arg的胍基；C、Trp的吲哚基D、Cys的巯基6、下列蛋白质中具有四级结构的是（）A 胰岛素；B 细胞色素C；C RNA酶；D 血红蛋白；E 肌红蛋白。

7、变构酶的底物浓度曲线呈S-型，它说明（）A、此变构酶为具负协同效应的酶；B、此变构酶中，底物分子与其亚基结合后能促进其它亚基与底物的结合；C、变构酶是米氏酶的一种特例；D、变构酶所催化的反应包括一系列步骤；E、此变构酶的多个底物分子同时与酶快速结合8、合成脂酸所需的氢由下列哪一种递氢体提供？（）A、NADPB、FADH2C、FADD、NADPHE、NADH9、在下列PH对酶反应速度的影响作用的叙述中，正确的是（）A、所有酶的反应速度对pH的曲线都表现为钟罩型；B、最适pH是酶的特征性常数；C、pH不仅影响酶蛋白的构象，还会影响底物的解离，从而影响ES复合物的形成与解离；D、针对pH对酶反应速度的影响，侧酶活性时只要严格调整PH为最适PH，而不需缓冲体系；E、以上都不是。

广东海洋大学地球物理流体力学2014,2015年考博真题

2014年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题考试科目（代码）名称：2701地球物理流体力学满分100（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后连同试卷一并交回。

）一、填空题(每题4分，共20分)1、研究流体运动，Lagrange 观点着眼于，Euler 观点着眼于。

2、引入速度势的充要条件是，引入流函数的充要条件是。

3、矢量形式地球物理动力学N -S 方程。

4、连续方程为，其物理实质是。

5、U U ）（中的k 分量= 。

二、简答题（每题6分，共30分）1、位势涡度守恒2、地转近似3、速度环流（数学表达式）和引起其变化的物理原因4、振动和波动的物理含义5、如果不计流体粘性作用，某正压流体而言，试说明当U >0或者U<0时，相对涡度的变化。

三、试用拉格朗日观点导出连续方程 dtd V =0（10分）四、已知流场u=ay ，v=bx ，w =0，其中a 和b 为常数。

（10分）（1）试求流线方程式（2）该流动是否有旋？如有则求出其涡度（3）求出该流动的流函数五、设流体水平方向的速度与z 无关，z 为z 方向的涡度，H 为水深，f 为科氏参数，试推导浅水位涡守恒方程0)( Hf dt d z （10分）六、对于不可压粘性的地球流体，写出z 方向的运动方程，并导出其无量纲方程（10分）七、如果不计流体粘性作用，某正压流体U (u , v , w )的初始场涡度平行于z 轴，涡度变化可表示为U U dtd ，试说明影响涡度变化的主要驱动机制（10分）2015年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题考试科目（代码）名称：2701地球物理流体力学满分100分（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后连同试卷一并交回。

）一、简述题（15分）1、-平面(5分)2、摩擦边界层Ekman Pumping 的形成机制（5分）3、对于旋转流体，流体质点穿越等深线运动，产生何种波动，为什么？（5分）二、对于无粘浅水理论，试简述如下问题（25分）1、写出浅水方程及其物理性质，并讨论均质和浅水条件假定的意义和作用。

广东海洋大学研究生入学考试真题820流体力学

广东海洋大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《流体力学》（820）试卷（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。

本科目满分150分）一、选择题（15题，每题3分，共45分）1、连续性方程是根据守恒得到的。

A. 动量；B．质量；C．体积；D．能量2、流体易流动性的含义是：( )A．流体可以承受切向应力而保持静止；B．流体静止时只有法向应力，没有切向应力；C．流体静止时不能承受法向应力；D．流体静止时不能承受任何力。

3、下列哪种流动，连续介质假设不再适用：( )A．水绕流桥墩；B．人造卫星飞离大气层进入稀薄气体层时；C．飞机在空中的飞行；D．地球在稀薄气体中绕太阳转动。

4、理想流体的特征是：( )A．粘性系数是常数；B．不可压缩；C．无粘性；D．符合:5、关于流线和迹线，下列说法正确的是A．在流场中，若流线与迹线重合，则该流动是定常流动；B．在流场中，若流动是定常流动，则流线与迹线重合；C．流线就是等流函数线；D．若流线不随时间变化，则流动是定常流动。

6、下列哪项不是伯努利方程适用的条件：( )A ．无粘性流体；B ．无旋流体；C ．正压流体；D ．质量力为有势力（保守力）7、下列哪种装置可用来测流速：( )。

A8A B CD 9A C 10A 11A.B.C.D.12、 2∇是拉普拉斯算子）：A ．22=0=0ϕψ∇∇，；B ．2200ϕψ∇≠∇≠，；C ．22=00ϕψ∇∇≠，；D ．220=0ϕψ∇≠∇，。

13、已知兰金组合涡模型的速度分布为：则下列说法正确的是：( )。

A C 14ABCD 15、ν水A B C D 二、123、速度环量的表达式为，速度环量等于零则表示。

4、速度流函数存在的条件为、，速度势函数存在的条件为。

5、流体加速度为零的运动表达式为，均质不可压缩流体的表达式为。

2 r r R V R r r Rθωω<⎧=⎨≥⎩6、在应力张量中，应力分量表示的含义为，。

广东海洋大学研究生入学考试820《流体力学》

广东海洋大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
《流体力学》(820)试卷
（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。

本科目满分150分）一、判断题(1*10=10分)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
方法。

5、有旋无散场的速度矢，称为风，无旋有散场的速度矢，称为风。

三、简答题：（5*8=40分）
1、简述流体的物理性质。

并解释它们各自的意义。

2、什么是流体连续介质假说？并说明其必要性和可能性。

3、简述流线、涡度、散度的定义和物理意义。

4、解释拉格朗日型连续方程的物理意义。

5、简述正压流体、斜压流体的定义和区别。

6
7
8
1U
ν
2
其初始位置位于何处？
（3）初始位置为（0，0，0）及（1，1，1）的流体质点将以怎样的速度和加速度运动？
（4）求出迹线方程，并画出图形。

（5）求出欧拉变量，并绘图表示之。

3、设某日北京气温为10℃，南京与它相距约1000公里，气温为15℃，而北京向南京的气流速度为12米/秒。

若在流动过程中空气温度不
4
5
1
2。

广东海洋大学大学物理期末复习题_答案

大学物理期末复习第一章至第三章（力学）(10) 基本内容—— 第一章1.位置矢量k z j y i x r++=大小： 222z y x r r ++==方向余弦： r x =αcos ， r y =βcos ， rz =γcos ；关系： 1c o s c o s c o s 222=++γβα2. 运动方程： k t z j t y i t x t r)()()()(++=3. 位移 A B r r r-=∆在直角坐标系中： ()()k z j y i x k z j y i x r r r A A A B B B A B++-++=-=∆k z j y i x r∆+∆+∆=∆4. 速度 t r v ∆∆= ——平均速度； dtr d t r v t=∆∆=→∆0lim ——瞬时速度；在直角坐标系中： k dtdz j dt dy i dt dx v++=大小 222z y x v v v v v ++== ，其中 dt dx v x =， dt dy v y =， dt dz v z =5. 加速度 tva ∆∆=——平均加速度； 220lim dt r d dt v d t v a t ==∆∆=→∆——瞬时加速度；在直角坐标系中：k a j a i a a z y x++=其中 22dt x d dt dv a x x ==， 22dt y d dt dv a y y ==， 22dtzd dt dv a z z == 6. 运动学的两类问题：1）微分法——已知运动方程,求质点的速度和加速度（根据速度和加速度的定义求）； 2）积分法——已知速度函数（或加速度函数）及初始条件，求质点的运动方程：⎰+=t dt a v v 00 ， ⎰+=t dt v r r 07. 注意：在处理问题时，强调坐标的选取，只有选定了坐标，才能用位置矢量来描述质点在任意时刻的位置：)(t r r=——这就是运动方程；也只有写出了运动方程，才能根据位移、速度、加速度的定义Y分别求出各量，以至轨迹方程。

广东海洋大学数学物理方法2012--2014,2016,2017年考研真题

819《数学物理方法》第 1 页共 9 页广东海洋大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
《数学物理方法》(819)试卷
（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。

本科目满分150分）
一、名词解释(30分，每小题6分)
1、定解问题
2、微分方程的古典解
3、位势方程
4、线性微分方程
5、Poisson 方程
二、填空题(20分，每空4分)
1、与热传导方程相似的物理问题有：、等。

2、Fourier 变换的积分表达式：。

3、Dirichlet 边界条件表达式为：。

4、微分方程特征函数为：。

三、简答题(30分，每小题10分)
1、简述非齐次线性微分方程的定义，并指出下列方程的性质：
激波方程: 0t x u uu +=
KdV 方程: 60
t x xxx u uu u -+= 多空介质方程:
m
t u k u =∆ 2、简述二阶线性偏微分方程的分类方法，并指出下列方程的类型：43260+-++=xx xy yy x y u u u u u 。

3、简述分离变量法求解含有齐次边界条件的齐次线性偏微分方程的
步骤。

四、写出二维Laplace 方程的差分方程。

(10分)
五、设有一根拉紧的均匀柔软而有弹性的细弦，平衡时沿直线拉紧，
当它在铅直平面内作微小振动时，求弦上各点运动规律。

(15分)
六、用行波法求解下面的Cauchy 问题： (15分) 22222200230, ,3, 0==⎧∂∂∂+-=∈⎪∂∂∂∂⎨⎪==⎩x x x u u u x t R t t x x u t u。

广东海洋大学大学物理历年考题答案

广东海洋大学2010——2011 学年第二学期《大学物理III 》课程试卷课程号：√ 考试√ A 卷√ 闭卷□ 考查B 卷□ 开卷一、选择题（每小题３分，共３0分）1、有一质点在平面上运动，运动方程为j t i t r 2343+=，则该质点作（）A 曲线运动；B 匀速直线运动；C 匀变速直线运动；D 变加速直线运动。

2、对于一个质点系，系统的内力可以改变系统的（）A 总动量；B 总动能；C 总角动量；D 总质量 3、 0.5mol 的氧气，处于温度为T 的平衡态，则内能为（）RT DRT C RT BRT A45,5.0,25,234、麦克斯韦速率分布中最概然速率V p 的概念，下面表述正确的是（）A 是气体分子中大部分分子所具有的速率。

B 是气体分子速率的最大值。

C 是麦克斯韦速率分布函数的最大值。

D 速率大小与最概然速率相近的气体分子的相对数量最大。

5、两个点电荷相距一定的距离，如果在这两个点电荷连线的中垂线上的电场强度为0，那么这两个点电荷的带电情况是（）A 电量相同，电性相同；B 电量相同，电性不同；C 电量不同，电性相同；D 电量不同，电性不同。

6、稳恒磁场中,若闭合回路L 上满足⎰=⋅Ll d B 0,则一定有（）A 回路L 上每处的磁感强度均为零。

GDOU-B-11-302班级：姓名：学号：试题共 6页加白纸 2 张密封线B 回路L 上每处的磁感强度均与积分路径垂直。

C 这个磁场是保守场。

D 回路L 包围的电流代数和一定为零。

7、两个简谐运动方向相同，频率相同，振幅也相同且等于1，其相位差为60°，则这两个简谐运动合成的振幅为（）A 0.5；B 1 ；C 3；D 2。

8、一平面简谐波在弹性媒质中传播，在媒质中某质元从平衡位置运动到最大位移处的过程中，（）A 它的动能逐渐转化成势能。

B 它的能量逐渐增大。

C 它的势能逐渐转化成动能。

D 它的能量逐渐减小。

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2701《地球物理流体力学》第 1 页共 1 页广东海洋大学
2014年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题
考试科目（代码）名称：2701地球物理流体力学满分100
（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后连同试卷一并交回。

）
一、填空题(每题4分，共20分)
1、研究流体运动，Lagrange 观点着眼于，Euler 观点着眼于。