大学英语阅读真题及答案
大学英语六级阅读理解题目及答案
大学英语六级阅读理解题目及答案Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.Music and LanguageMusic and language are two different ---1--- that are often linked together. For example, they both involve a type of communication and have a ---2--- impact on our emotions. However, music and language are fundamentally different in a number of ways.Unlike language, which is composed of words and grammar, music is a ---3--- art form. It uses tones, melodies, rhythms, and harmonies to create emotional ---4---. Language, on the other hand, mainly conveys meaning through the use of words and sentences.Another difference between music and language is their development in humans. ---5--- learn language through exposure to conversations and practice, while music seems to be ---6---. We all have the ability torecognize and appreciate music, even without any formal training. This suggests that our musical abilities may be innate.Furthermore, music and language are processed in different areas of the brain. Language is mainly processed in the left hemisphere, whereas music is ---7--- in both the left and right hemispheres. Evidence has shown that certain ---8--- patients who have lost their ability to speak can still sing, indicating that music may be connected to different neural pathways (神经通路) than language.Despite their differences, music and language are closely related in some ways. Studies have shown that music can assist with language ---9---. For example, listening to music can help ESL students improve their pronunciation and intonation. Similarly, playing a musical instrument can enhance the linguistic abilities of children.In conclusion, while music and language share certain similarities in terms of communication and emotional impact, they also have distinct characteristics. Understanding the differences and connections between music and language can help us appreciate the beauty and uniqueness of each art form.1. [A] skills [B] forms [C] techniques [D] systems2. [A] significant [B] flexible [C] optional [D] limited3. [A] controversial [B] visual [C] sensory [D] practical4. [A] reactions [B] viewpoints [C] expectations [D] contributions5. [A] Babies [B] Adults [C] Animals [D] Artists6. [A] inherited [B] acquired [C] displayed [D] distributed7. [A] analyzed [B] noted [C] localized [D] bypassed8. [A] music-loving [B] language-deficient [C] brain-damaged [D] memory-impaired9. [A] practice [B] revision [C] acquisition [D] retentionSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Do You Prefer to Stay Single?A. It’s often said that a woman who puts a high priority on her career ends up lying alone on a Saturday night. However, my research on this subject shows that it is basically a myth. In fact, in my surveys I found that highly educated career women are just as likely to form successful marriages as other women, and actually more likely to make a good choice the second time around. By contrast, women who don’t care quite so much about their career and are more willing to settle for less than Mr. Right are more likely to end up single.B. Is marrying for love a good or bad thing? Most of us, it seems, would say, “Good, of course!” But are we really thinking? In reality, marrying purely for love may be less likely to lead to a satisfying marriage. Many psychologists now believe that people who expect marriage to provide happiness are often disappointed. Marrying who we fall in love with is a romantic idea. But psychologists have found it often means falling in love with someone like ourselves and who is familiar to us. Love and passion are often considered separate from friendship and companionship (交往、友谊).C. According to the latest research, newlyweds who feel good abouttheir marriage are healthier than those who don’t. The work is one of thefirst of its kind to show how much influence someone’s thoughts can haveon their health. Researchers measured the heart rate, blood pressure, and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels of 28 married women as they argued with their husbands and measured the levels of a chemical (化学物质) linked to heart disease. The women were asked before having a disagreement if they were happy in their marriages. When the researchers reviewed the results, they discovered that the women who said they had happier marriages also had lower levels of the chemical than those who said their marriages weren’t going well.D. It is a cultural stereotype that young women like to date older men. In a study of 18 to 24-year-old college students, researchers found that about 80% of men were interested in dating women who were significantly younger, while 85% of women were keen on dating older men. Many participants explained this interest in terms of desire for maturity, not money.E. In the past, people routinely built relationships with neighbors, families, and communities. Now, however, only two in 10 Americans indicate that they regularly spend time with their neighbors, and only one-third of Americans report regularly spending time with their families. Loneliness, experts now suggest, is twice as deadly as obesity (肥胖) and is as harmful as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Additionally, loneliness can have a long-term impact on both physical and emotional health, increasing the risk for heart disease, depression, and premature death.F. In a research team studying married couples, researchers asked couples whether they felt close to their partners and if they had thought about separating from them. When the researchers reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (磁共振成像) scans of the participants’ brains, they found that those who had thought about leaving their partners showed activity in the brain regions associated with a variety of negative emotions, such as anger and sadness. On the other hand, couples who felt close and secure with their partners showed greater activation in areas of the brain associated with reward and attachment.11. Couples who feel happy about their marriage have better health.12. Men tend to be interested in dating younger women, while women prefer older men.13. Good family relationships are becoming less common nowadays.14. Love marriages may not always lead to satisfactory marriages.15. People who put a high priority on their careers are less likely to end up single.答案1. B2. A3. C4. A5. D6. B7. C8. C9. A10. B11. C12. D13. E14. B15. A以上是关于大学英语六级阅读理解题目及答案的内容。
大学英语四级阅读真题附答案
大学英语四级阅读真题附答案Passage Onens 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Well-XXX。
for example。
65% of men aged 62-74 with nal degrees are still in the workforce。
compared to only 32% of men with high school XXX contributed to this gap。
with high-XXX increased es。
while low-skilled workers struggle to keep up。
The XXX.The XXX increase in the number of elderly individuals。
who are living longer than ever before。
Over the next two decades。
the global n of individuals aged 65 XXX。
social welfare。
and the XXX.XXX ns。
XXX As a result。
XXX will need to find new and XXX.The aging of the n also has XXX social welfare programs。
XXX individuals reach retirement age。
XXX programs will increase。
XXX.Finally。
XXX workforce。
there will be a shortage of skilled workers。
XXX workers to fill the skills gap.In n。
XXX will have far-reaching XXX。
统考大学英语试题及答案
统考大学英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据你听到的对话，选择正确的答案。
（每题2分，共10分）A) 男人正在图书馆找书。
B) 女人建议男人去图书馆。
C) 男人已经找到了他想要的书。
2. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题。
（每题2分，共10分）A) 他们计划去哪个国家旅行？B) 他们打算什么时候出发？C) 他们预计旅行会花费多少钱？二、阅读理解（共30分）1. 阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
（每题3分，共15分）A) 文章主要讨论了什么主题？B) 作者对这个话题持什么观点？C) 文章中提到了哪些支持作者观点的论据？2. 阅读下一段文字，并根据内容判断以下陈述是否正确。
（每题2分，共15分）A) 正确B) 错误三、完形填空（共20分）1. 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选择最佳答案填入空白处。
（每题2分，共20分）A) HoweverB) ThereforeC) MoreoverD) Besides四、翻译（共15分）1. 将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。
（每题3分，共15分）A) "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."B) "Time and tide wait for no man."五、写作（共15分）1. 根据以下提示写一篇不少于150词的短文。
（15分）提示：描述你最喜欢的季节，并解释为什么。
答案：一、听力理解1. A2. A) 他们计划去日本旅行。
B) 他们打算下个月出发。
C) 他们预计旅行会花费大约5000元。
二、阅读理解1. A) 文章主要讨论了环境保护的重要性。
B) 作者认为环境保护是每个人的责任。
C) 文章中提到了全球变暖和污染问题作为支持作者观点的论据。
2. A) 正确B) 错误三、完形填空1. 正确答案依次为：A, C, B, D, A四、翻译1. A) 这只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了懒惰的狗。
大学英语1考试题及答案
大学英语1考试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。
A) He is going to the library.B) He is going to the bookstore.C) He is going to the cinema.D) He is going to the museum.[答案] B2. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。
What is the main idea of the passage?[答案] The main idea is about the importance of environmental protection.二、阅读理解（共30分）1. 阅读以下文章，选择正确答案。
According to the article, what is the author's opinion on the issue?A) The author strongly disagrees with the issue.B) The author is in favor of the issue.C) The author is neutral about the issue.D) The author does not express an opinion.[答案] B2. 根据文章内容，回答以下问题。
What are the three main reasons mentioned by the authorfor supporting the issue?[答案] The three main reasons are: 1) It promotes economic growth. 2) It improves the quality of life. 3) It fosters innovation.三、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 根据句子的语境，选择最合适的单词填空。
2023年12月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全)
2023年12月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全) 一、听力理解第一套第一节(共5小题)1. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Turn the television off.B. Turn the volume down.C. Turn the radio on.Answer: B2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the post office.B. At the bank.C. At the hotel.Answer: C3. What does the man imply about the woman?A. She hasn’t been to New York City.B. She needs to find a new job.C. She travels a lot for work.Answer: A4. How long has the man been waiting?A. For an hour.B. For half an hour.C. For ten minutes.Answer: B5. What is the woman doing?A. She is looking for her keys.B. She is waiting for someone to arrive.C. She is talking on the phone.Answer: C第二节(共5小题)6. What is the woman asking the man to do?A. Fix her computer.B. Help her find a job.C. Visit her tomorrow.Answer: A7. What does the man offer to do next?A. Take the woman to the restaurant.B. Prepare dinner for the woman.C. Look for a restaurant on the Internet.Answer: C8. What does the man say abo ut the woman’s computer?A. It can’t be fixed.B. It needs a software update.C. It needs a new battery.Answer: B9. What does the woman suggest doing after dinner?A. Go for a walk.B. Watch a movie at home.C. Go to a movie theater.Answer: B10. How do es the woman feel about the man’s suggestion?A. Excited.B. Indifferent.C. Annoyed.Answer: A二、阅读理解第一套An important part of a child’s development is the acquisition of social skills. Social skills help children to interact effectively with others and build healthy relationships. These skills are vital for success in school, work, and life in general.One of the best ways to help children develop social skills is through play. Play allows children to practice andmaster social, emotional, and cognitive skills in a relaxed and enjoyableenvironment. Through play, children learn valuable skills such as cooperation, sharing, problem-solving, and communication.There are different types of play that help in the development of social skills. Cooperative play is when children play and work together towards a common goal. This type of play helps children to learn teamwork and collaboration. Pretend play, on the other hand, allows children to develop empathy and understanding of others’ perspectives. They learn to take on different roles and pretend to be someone else, which helps in developing their social and emotional intelligence. Board games and group activities also promote social interaction and help children learn important skills such as taking turns, following rules, and resolving conflicts in a fair manner.Parents and educators play a crucial role in promoting social skills development. They can create opportunities for play and provide guidance and support. It is important for parents to encourage their children to engage in various types of play and provide them with age-appropriate toys and games. Educators can incorporate play-based learning activities in the classroom to foster social skills development.In conclusion, play is a valuable tool for social skills development. It allows children to practice and master important skills while having fun. Parents and educators should recognize the importance of play and provide opportunities and support for children to engage in different types of play.第二套The concept of time management is essential in today’s fast-paced world. Effective time management helps individuals to prioritize tasks, handle multiple responsibilities, and increase productivity. It allows individuals to make the most out of their time and achieve their goals efficiently.Here are some tips for effective time management:1.Set goals: Identify your long-term and short-termgoals. Break them down into smaller, manageable tasks.This will help you stay focused and motivated.2.Prioritize tasks: Determine which tasks are mostimportant and urgent. Focus on completing these tasks first.3.Create a schedule: Use a planner or online calendarto schedule your tasks and activities. Set deadlines for each task to stay organized and keep track of your progress.4.Avoid multitasking: Multitasking may seem like atime-saving technique, but it can actually decreaseproductivity. Focus on one task at a time and give it yourfull attention.5.Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others.This will free up your time and allow you to focus on more important tasks.6.Take breaks: Schedule regular breaks to rest andrecharge. This will help you maintain focus and preventburnout.7.Avoid procrastination: Procrastination can lead tounnecessary stress and missed deadlines. Break tasks into smaller, manageable parts and tackle them one at a time.8.Learn to say no: Don’t overcommit yourself. Learn tosay no to tasks that are not essential or do not align withyour goals.e technology: Take advantage of technology toolssuch as productivity apps and time tracking apps. Thesecan help you stay organized and manage your time moreeffectively.10.Review and adjust: Regularly review your scheduleand tasks. Adjust as needed to accommodate unexpectedevents or changes in priorities.By implementing these tips, you can improve your time management skills and achieve greater success in your personal and professional life.第三套The importance of physical exercise cannot be overstated. Regular exercise has numerous health benefits and plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Physical exercise helps to strengthen the cardiovascular system, improve lung function, and increase muscle strength and endurance. It also promotes weight loss and helps to maintain a healthy body weight. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, andcertain types of cancer. It can also improve mental health by reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.In addition to the physical benefits, exercise is also important for cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular exercise improves memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. It can also enhance creativity and productivity.Exercise is not only beneficial for adults but also for children and adolescents. Regular physical activity in childhood and adolescence helps to develop healthy bones, muscles, and joints. It improves coordination and balance, and reduces the risk of childhood obesity. It also has a positive impact on academic performance, including improved concentration and focus.There are many different forms of exercise that individuals can choose from, including aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility exercises, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). It is important to find a form of exercise that you enjoy and can incorporate into your daily routine.In conclusion, regular physical exercise is essential for overall health and well-being. It has numerous physical and mental health benefits and should be a priority for individuals of all ages. Make exercise a part of your daily routine and reap the rewards of a healthy and active lifestyle.三、写作题目及答案第一套写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案解析
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案解析大学英语四级阅读理解精选试题及答案解析好问，是好的`。
……如果自己不想，只随口问，即能得到正确答复，也未必受到大益。
所以学问二字，“问”放在“学”的下面。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语四级阅读理解精选试题及答案解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people askedconstantly for stories about what it's like to work in a field dominated by men.I was never very good at telling thosestories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do fred interesting is the origin of the universe, theshape' of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in theclassroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started tobother me. My every achievement--jobs, research papers, awards--was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain.versus (相对于)fight brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply toany and all provocations: I don't falk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burdenon every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked mehow many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer:45. I know some 9fmY students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. AndI don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them "war" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual oftheir physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.61、Why doesn't the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?A.She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B.She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C.She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D.She finds space research more important.62、From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author's failures to ____A.the very fact that she is a womanB.her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistC.her involvement in gender politicsD.the burden she bears in a male-dominated society63、What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?ck of confidence in succeeding in space science.B.Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C.People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.D.Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture.64、Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talkingabout her class?A.Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.B.Her students' performance has brought back her confidence.C.Her female students can do just as well as male students.D.More female students are pursuing science than before.65、What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A.Women students needn't have the concerns of her generation.B.Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C.Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D.Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.答案解析:61-65：BACDC【大学英语四级阅读理解精选试题及答案解析】。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(总84页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（二）are becoming busier with their workto the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.fearing stressthe art of relaxationsense of responsibilitycontrol over performanceof the follwing statements is ture?can find some ways to avoid stressis always harmful to peopleis easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.people can withstand different amounts of stressParagraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbc七In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the . epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they willall become one.did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?were not satisfied with American society.wanted to grow marijuana.wanted to go to the Vietnam War.did not want all people to be equal.did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?dome-shaped houseold school husesa farm inTennesseean archology in Arizonagave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?SoleriGaskinFullerwas the Twin Oaks commune base onphilosophy of "do your own thing"in the late 1960sideas of psychologistbelief that people must live closely togerher.is an "archology"person who studies archaeologylarge building where people live closely togethercity in A rizonatechnique to contorl people答案：abdcb八There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of theidentical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's . was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.selection can best be titled_________.Your Intelligenceand EnvironmentCase of Peter and Markthe brain Influences Intelligencebeststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.brains differ considerablybrain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligenceis crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligenceto the passage , the average _____.case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.with identical brains seldom test at same levelindividual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentof opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceof enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brainpassage suggests that an individual 's be predicted atbirththe same throuthout his lifebe increased by educationdetermined by his childhood答案：bcbcc九As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her motherwas in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.'s father _______.not like presentgot presenttiesdifficult to choose a present forassistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.in tiesneed of comfortstopped at the next counter_________.'s father smoked a pipe_______.he was obligedsocial occasionstime to timehe was delightedwas very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.trod on each other's toespoked each other with their elbowsknocked each otherwere doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcd Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as "ecosystem engineers" and predators（食肉动物）. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct（显著的）effects on their local environment. Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients（营养物）in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers（腐生物,分解体）to species much higher up the food chain. Secondly, they prey(捕食) on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers. Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university’s Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said: "Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They’re also very terr itorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area." "In this research, we studied for thefirst time how big this impact is and the subtleties(微妙) of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density anddiversity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web," Sanders said. The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores(食草动物) and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence. Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said: "What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering." Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 (生物量) but also because they act asecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6（生物多样性）is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive（敏感的，易受影响的） to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem7．Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organismsThe standardized educational or psychological tests, which are widely used to aid in selecting, assigning or promoting students, employees and military personnel, have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for, in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context: they provide a quick, objective method of getting some kind of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. In general, the tests work most effectively when the traits or qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined ( for example, ability to do well in a particular course of training program ) and leasteffectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined, for example, personality or creativity. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized.The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea.He was Prince Henry of Portugal,the younger son of the Partuguese king and an English princess.Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth a boy he became devoted to the sea,and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing 1416,when he was twenty two,Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him—Jewish astronomers,Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew to use the crudecompass of the day and could improve it.Henry’s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made,yet was tough enough to withstand gales at also developed the carrack,which was a slower ship,but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.To Prince Henry the world owes credit for development of craft that made oceanic exploration lives in history as Henry the Navigator.The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea.He was Prince Henry of Portugal,the younger son of the Partuguese king and an English princess.Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth a boy he became devoted to the sea,and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing 1416,when he was twenty two,Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him—Jewish astronomers,Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew to use the crudecompass of the day and could improve it.Henry’s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made,yet was tough enough to withstand gales at also developed the carrack,which was a slower ship,but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.To Prince Henry the world owes credit for development of craft that made oceanic exploration lives in history as Henry the Navigator.十Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when theyfixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, atenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another t hing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous textIf the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall andin a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____might be possible to change its atmosphereatmosphere is the same as the earth'sis a good supply of water on Venusdays on Venus are long enoughVenus there is a lot of ________.dioxidemonoxideare plants that can____.in very hot temperaturesin very cold temperaturesoxygenof the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.algae have done their workatmosphere becomes cooleroxygenrains there答案：cabddHeroin addictions today is found chiefly among young men of minority groups inghetto(犹太人区) the more than 60,000 known addicts,more than half live in New York of them live in New York figures show that more than half of the addicts are under 30 years of age.Narcotic addiction in the United States is not limted to heroin middle-aged and older people who take narcotic drugs regularly to relieve pain can also become do some people who can get drugs easily,such as doctors,nurses,and show that this type of addict has personality and emotional problems very similar to those of other regular narcotic users.Many addicts admit that getting a continued supply is the main object of their addict’s concentration on getting drugs often prevents continuing an education or workingat a health is often may be sick one day from the effects of withdrawal and sick the next day from an show that an addict’s life span may be shortened by 15 to 20 addict isusually in trouble with the family and almost always in trouble with the law.Some studies suggest that many of the known narcotic addicts had some trouble with the law before they became addicted,they may become even more involved with crime becauseit costs so much to support the heroin habit.Most authorities agree that the addict’s involvement with crime is not a direct eff ect of the drug to crime is usually the only way to get that much addicts’ crimes are nearly always thefts or other crimes against property.Federal penalties for illegal narcotics usage were established under the Harris on Act of Act provides that illegal possession of narcotics is punishable by fines and/or can range from 2 to 10 years for the first offense,5 to 20 years for the second,and 10 to 20 years for further offenses.Illegal sale of narcotics can mean a fine of $20,000 and a sentence from 20 to 40 years for later person who sells narcotics to someone under 18 is refused parole and probation,even for the first the drug is heroin,he can be sentenced to life imprisonment or to death.Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn's moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" in Titan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs" consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists havenot yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid- water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator of the NASATitan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."1. Passage OneUnless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids(小行星)now，one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it，say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星)that race across the night orbit the sun far from Earth and don't threaten there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $ 50 million worth of new telescopes right spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space the time we spot a fatal one，the scientists say，we'll have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear the cost wouldn't be cheap.Is it worth it Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500，000 years. Sounds prettyrare-but if one did fall，it would be the end of the world.“If wedon't take care of these big asteroids，they'll take care of us，”says one scientist.“It's that simple.”The cure，though，might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth?“The world has less to fear fromdoomsday(毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them，” said a New York Times article.21. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroidsA) They are heavenly bodies different in composition.B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.[答案及分析]：［B］文章第二段第一句明确指出“小行星和划破夜空的流星是性质一样的物质，只是体积大些。
大学英语阅读试题及答案
大学英语阅读试题及答案
一、阅读理解（共20分，每小题4分）
1. 根据文章内容，作者认为大学教育的主要目的是什么？
A. 培养职业技能
B. 促进个人全面发展
C. 提高就业率
D. 增加学术研究
2. 文章提到了哪些因素对大学生的学术表现有影响？
A. 家庭背景
B. 学习态度
C. 个人兴趣
D. 所有上述因素
3. 作者对于大学教育的期望是什么？
A. 学生能够找到满意的工作
B. 学生能够获得终身学习的能力
C. 学生能够对社会有所贡献
D. 学生能够获得丰富的社交经验
4. 文章中提到的“批判性思维”是指什么？
A. 怀疑一切
B. 接受所有观点
C. 分析和评估信息的能力
D. 仅凭直觉做决策
5. 根据文章，大学教育应该如何适应社会的变化？
A. 增加实践课程
B. 减少理论教学
C. 与企业合作
D. 所有上述方法
答案：
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. D。
大学英语四级阅读习题及答案
大学英语四级阅读习题及答案大学英语四级阅读习题(一)1、A2、D3、C4、C5、B大学英语四级阅读习题答案Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children dont like their parentsB) parents dont feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsible大学英语四级阅读习题(二)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.21. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing22. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match23. The findings of the experiment show that ________.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot24. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment25. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.。
2022年12月大学英语四级阅读理解真题答案
四级阅读理解答案（试卷是花卷，着重看选项后内容）阅读第1套文章开头Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does...26.K involving27.B associated span28.L note29.A additional30.D cultivate Spa31.E depressive32.H however33.G emotions34.F directly35.I implications【长篇阅读】36.[C]People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.37.[H]It's no easy job learning to say“no”to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping.38.[E]When you decline a request，you are saving your future time.39.[B]People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.40.[I]Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.41.[C]It's especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.42.[A]People agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do.43.[G]According to one famous entrepreneur，innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things.44.[D]It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.45.[F]Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people.【仔细阅读1】文章开头We are eating more fish than ever these days.46.What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat？B）They are mostly farmed.47.What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rateD）Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.48.What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food？C）It raises more fish than caught from the wild.49.Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days？A）It is a must for feeding the world's fast-growing population.50.What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bulletC）Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.【仔细阅读2】文章开头In2020，the Nobel Peace Prize was...51.What does the WEP's winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize？D）It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.52.What do we learn about the WEP's effort to eliminate hunger？B）It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.53.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price？A）The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.54.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hungerB）By sharing expertise with peers in poverty stricken nations55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage？C）Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.阅读第2套选词填空文章开头Researchers，writing in the...26.L)ranging27.H)measured28.B)certificates29.M)relative30.E)differences31.O)targeting32.C)connected33.D)demonstrates34.A)acknowledge35.F)establish【长篇阅读】文章标题The hidden costs colleges don't want you to know about36.[I]There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages...37.[G]If you are low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state,make sure you know if you can use your state benefits...38.[B]At my well-respected,private,four-year university in Washington,DC,which boasts a yearly tuition of$44,046...39.[D]Schools will charge you whatever they can.The costs of any damages to the dorm,including elevators,bathrooms..…40.[L]Students and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate...41.[A]This fall,thousands of college students from across the country will begin their undergraduate careers at colleges..…42.[J]Yes,I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown...43.[I]There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages....44.[C]Universities today are in the business of making money,and mine is no exception...45.[H]you plan on paying off bills in your student account with a credit card,be aware of any additional costs...【仔细阅读1】文章开头To write his2010book，The5-Factor World Diet...46.What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods？A）Variety.47.What is typical of Americans in the way of eating？B）They tend to eat quite a lot.48.What features in Mediterranean，Nordic and Okinawan diets？C）Seasonal local produce.49.What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common？D）They attach great importance to their meals.pared with the average American，people in healthy societies_B）do considerably more walking【仔细阅读2】文章开头Recognizing when'a friend or colleague feels sad.…51.What is the finding of the new study？C）People who are aware of others'feelings may experience more stress.52.What was the purpose of psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt's experiment？B）To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever.53.What does the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt's study indicate？D）People may suffer from having a high emotional intelligence.54.What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies？C）Some people may take advantage of it and benefit themselves.55.What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies A）Avoid burdening themselves with others'feelings.阅读第3套Phones influence all aspects of teenage life...26.D）constantly28.H）nationally29.G）inseparable30.A）absorbed31.L）specific32.E）context33.J）shape34.C）behavior35.F）exercise【长篇阅读】标题Evil Genius36.[D]A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.37.[J]Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the creativity test.38.[B]People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.39.[G]The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonesty and creativity.40.[A]The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class.41.[I]The researchers tested the participants'creativity by asking them to play a word game.42.[K]It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals and society.43.[C]The reasons for people's evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one.44.[H]The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants'tendency to cheat.45.[F]Some creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.【仔细阅读1】文章开头Even though we are living in an age where46.D）Shifting people's perspective on aging.47.A）He wanted to make it more pleasant for seniors.48.D）He acted in violation of the state law.49.C）Getting old is by no means something miserable.50.A）It is gaining ground in many countries.【仔细阅读2】Passage Tow文章开头Research shows that in developed countries，51.B）People from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.52.A）A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.53.D）They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54.C）Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.55.B）Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.。
大学英语阅读试题及答案
大学英语阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
A. 短文一In recent years, the popularity of online courses has surged, with millions of students around the world taking advantageof the convenience and flexibility they offer. Online courses provide a wide range of subjects, from humanities to science, and are accessible to anyone with an internet connection. However, there are concerns about the quality of education that can be delivered through this medium.问题1： Why has the popularity of online courses increased in recent years?答案1： The popularity of online courses has increased due to the convenience and flexibility they offer, allowing millions of students to access a wide range of subjects through the internet.问题2： What are the concerns regarding online courses?答案2： There are concerns about the quality of educationthat can be delivered through online courses.B. 短文二The concept of a "smart city" is becoming more prevalent as technology advances. A smart city uses technology to improve the quality of life for its citizens, enhance sustainability, and facilitate efficient urban services. For example, smart traffic management systems can reduce congestion, while smart energy systems can optimize energy consumption.问题3： What is a smart city?答案3： A smart city is a city that uses technology to improve the quality of life for its citizens, enhance sustainability, and facilitate efficient urban services.问题4： What are some of the benefits of smart city technology?答案4： Benefits include improved quality of life, enhanced sustainability, and optimized energy consumption through efficient urban services like smart traffic and energy management systems.二、完形填空（共10分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
大学英语阅读理解精选题,含答案
大学英语阅读理解精选题，含答案1.What happened to the bookseller one day?He lost a box of books.His foot was wounded by a box of books.（正确答案）He lent the doctor a box of books.He sold out all his books.2.The bookseller＇s wife asked him_________.to go out for some medicineto send somebody for a doctorto go to see the doctor（正确选项）to wait for the doctor to come3.The bookseller didn＇t take his wife＇s advice because________.he was afraid of the doctorhe didn＇t like to take medicinehe couldn＇t walk by himselfhe didn＇t want to pay the doctor（正确答案）4.The doctor paid________for the books.one poundtwo poundsnothing（正确答案）something5.The bookseller paid________money for seeing the doctor in the end.more（√）lessthe same amount ofno6.Newton is a place which________.used to be very cleanis no longer a cityis very clean（√）will be very clean7.When the government first ordered the people to kill rats,the people ________.asked for some money for each dead ratstole dead rats from the pilewere too lazy to kill many rats（正确选项）killed nearly all the rats quickly8.The people killed rats_________.to get money from the government（√）to help the government make the city cleanto make the government officer happyto protect(保护)their cats and dogs9.A deep hole was dug so that________.the rats couldn＇t come out to attack people at nightpeople could take rats from it easilypeople would kill more ratsnobody could take any rats from the pile（正确选项）10.What is the best topic for this passage?How to Kill RatsNewton-A City of RatsHow Newton Became a Very Clean Place（正确选项）How Newton Became a Famous City11.Mr.Forester lived________.with his family in a citywith his family in the countrysidealone in a cityalone in the countryside（正确答案）12.Tom_________went into town.oftenalwaysalmost never（正确答案）everyday13.The old people in the restaurant read their newspapers__________.with glasses on（正确选项）with glasses offwith glasses of beer in front of themwith glass pipes in their mouths14.The shop Tom went into sold_________.drinking glasses and cupsglass for windows and doorsglasses for people who could not readglasses for people who could not see well（正确答案）15.What kind of mistake did Tom make?He went to the wrong kind of shop.He didn＇t try on all the glasses in the shop.He thought that a person who had not learned to read would be able to do so if he wore glasses.（正确答案）He left his money in the restaurant16.James Thornhill was an English________.workerartist（正确答案）kingwriter17.He was ordered to_________.paint the wall of the king＇s palace in Englandpaint some pictures on the wall of the palace（正确答案）build a big platform in front of the palaceput up some new pictures on the old wall18.It took them_________to finish the pictures.a montha weektwelve months（正确答案）half a month19.James Thornhill felt that the________he was from the pictures,the ________they were.nearer...more beautifulfarther...more uglyfarther...more beautiful（正确答案）higher above...more good-looking20.The worker threw some paint at the pictures in order to________.save James＇life（正确答案）destroy the picturemake the picture more beautifulmake the king angry21.The topic sentence of Para.1is_________.Morgan Rees has always been a good businessman（正确答案）he used to own three petrol stations and was busy most of the timewhen Morgan Rees was65,he got retiredreluctantly,he handed over the business to his son22.The topic sentence of Para.2is____________.he didn＇t know what to do with himselfhe went on holiday to interesting places with his wifehe was unhappy after he got retired（√）none of them23.Which of the following statements can best express the main idea of Para.3?One day he saw an advertisement in the newspaper.He bought a small crockery factory in secret and started work again.（正确答案）He told his family he bought a small crockery factory.His family was horrified and worried when they learned he bought the small factory.24.What is the central idea of the last paragraph?Morgan Rees has worked until he is76.Morgan Rees has developed the export market and improved the profits by200%.Morgan Rees hasn’t been bored since he bought the factory.Since he started working again,Morgan Rees has expanded the company considerably,which has enriched his retired life.（√）25.The passage mainly deals with________.why Morgan Rees bought a small crockery factoryhow Morgan Rees lived his retired life more happily by turning to work again（正确选项）how Moran Rees became a good businessmanhow Moran Rees expanded the company considerably26.Why did John Preston call a meeting last week?Because the residents were dissatisfied with the present residents＇committee.Because the residents were dissatisfied with the bad management of the flats.（√）Because some residents requested to change the present residents＇committee.Because he wanted to become Chairman of the committee.27.Who elected John as chairman of the committee?The agent.The residents.（正确选项）The committee.Acacia Grove.28.What does the word"inactivity"mean in the third sentence in Para. l?WeaknessProgressStateLack of actions（√）29.What does the word"due"mean in the first sentence of Para.2?to be paid（正确答案）properowedlarge30.When did they agree to pay the next service payment?At the end of the month.Within one month.When they were happy with the plans to improve the property.（正确答案）The agent would tell them.31.This passage mainly tells us__________.the author and her brother used to like stamps very muchthe author had a very kind motherthe author and her brothers had an unforgettable experience in collecting stamps（√）their mother used to support them by working in the post office32.According to the passage,her mother worked in the post officeduring the weekon Saturdays（正确答案）on Sundaysfor six days33.Their mother told them to go to the post office straightaway after the match if England won,but she didn＇t tell them why.Why do you think she did that?She wanted to give them a surprise.（正确选项）She doubted if she would get the stamps.She forgot to do that.She thought it unnecessary to tell them the reason.34.What does the sentence"We were over the moon."mean?We jumped high.We were extremely happy about it.（正确答案）We watched the moon for a long time.We couldn＇t sleep the whole night.35.What is the best title for this passage?My ChildhoodMy MotherA Precious StampA Memorable Experience in Collecting Stamps（正确选项）36.Which of the following has become one of America＇s fastest growing businesses?Selling home furnishings.Renting furnished apartments.Selling used furniture.Renting home furnishings.（正确选项）37.Why do some people prefer to rent furniture?__________________Because the furniture they get in this way is new.Because it saves them a lot of money.Because it saves them much trouble and money.（正确选项）Because they can always get better quality furniture in this way.38.What can you infer from the passage?________________________The idea of renting furniture is not acceptable.Renting furniture is not popular in the couple＇s home town.（正确选项）Only those who don’t have enough money to rent furniture.People usually grow to like the furniture they have rented.39.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? ______________Rent or Buy?A New Way of Getting Home Furnishings.（正确选项）Furnished Apartments.A New Idea40.Young people liked renting home furniture in that__________________they have less money.they don＇t want to buy old furniture.the new furniture is of good quality.they don＇t have much money and don＇t want to buy the cheap furniture.（正确选项）41.From Para.1,we know that in America______________.people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man（√）people can always rise to the top through their won effortscollege professors win great respect from common workerspeople feel painful to mention their fathers as labors42.According to the passage,the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because_____________servants in America are hard to getshe takes pride in what she can do herself（正确答案）she can hardly afford servantsit is easy to prepare a meal with canned food43.The underlined expression"wait on table"in Para2means"__________________".work in a furniture shopkeep accounts for a barwait to lay the tableserve customers in a restaurant（√）44.The author＇s attitude towards manual labor is______________.positive（√）negativehumorouscritical45.Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? ________________A Respectable Self-made FamilyAmerican Attitude toward Manual Labor（√）Characteristics of American CultureThe Development of Manual Labor46.The origin of language is_____________.a legend handed down from the pasta matter that is hidden or secreta question difficult to answera problem not yet solved（√）47.What is true about words?______________They are used to express feelings only.They can not be written down.They are simply sounds.（正确选项）They are mysterious.48.The real power of words consists in their_____________.propertiescharacteristicspeculiarityrepresentative function（正确选项）49.By"association"in the last paragraph,the author means___________.a special qualitya joining of ideas in the mind（正确答案）an appearance which is puzzlinga strange feature50.Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?He is no more than a master of words.（正确答案）He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.He can move men to tears.His style is always charming.51.What does the author try to prove by citing"what kind of impression am I making?(Para.1)_________Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.People＇s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.（√）It＇s natural that shy people don＇t believe other＇s compliments.Shy people think they are different from others.52.According to the writer,self-awareness is__________.a good quality（正确选项）the cause of unhappinessharmful to peoplea weak point of shy people53.That shy people react to a compliment in such a way is___________.goodunrealvery reasonableharmful（正确选项）54.Which of the following statements is true,according to the passage? ____________Shyness helps us to develop our potentialShyness enables us to understand ourselves betterShyness can block our chances for a rich life（正确选项）Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem55.It can be inferred from the passage that shy people__________.should find more of their weaknessshould understand themselves in the right way（√）had better ignore their weaknesscan get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem56.What is the main idea of this passage?_________It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.The role of time in social life over the world.（正确答案）If people are late,they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.57.What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours?A matter of work.A matter of life or death.（√）You want to see him or her.You want to make an appointment with him or her.58.Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend in the U.S.A.?at7:00amat4:00pm（正确答案）at the midnightat4:00am59.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? _________In the U.S.A.guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.No misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures about the concept of time.It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in thePromptness is valued highly in American life.（√）60.From the passage we can safely infer that___________it＇s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time.the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.（正确选项）it makes no difference in the U.S.whether you are early or late for a business party.if a person is late for a date,he needn＇t make some explanation.61.Our long-term goals mean a1ot________.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsif we complete the short-term goals（√）if we have dreams of the futureif we put forward some plans62.New short-term goals are built upon____________.a daily basisyour achievement in a weekcurrent activitiesthe goals that have been completed（正确选项）63.When we complete each step of our goals,_________.we will win final successwe are overwhelmedwe will build up our confidence to achieve success（正确选项）we should have strong desire for setting new goals64.What is the main idea of this passage?_____________Life is a dynamic thing.We should set up long-term goals.Different kinds of goals in life.（正确选项）The limitation of long-term goals.65.Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? __________The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without achieving short-term goals.The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.Life is a static thing,thus never allowing a long-term goal to limit us.（正确选项）We should often add new short-term goals to what have been completed.66.What makes a scientist according to the passage?___________The tools he uses.The way he uses his tools.（正确答案）His ways of learning.The various tools he uses.67.The underlined part in the passage shows___________.the importance of informationthe importance of thinkingthe difference between scientists and ordinary people（正确答案）the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs68.A sound scientific theory should be one that___________.works not only under one set of conditions at one time,but also under the same conditions at other times（正确答案）does not allow any changes even under different conditionscan be used for many purposesleave no room for improvement69.The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate______________.that measurements are keys to success m sciencethat accuracy of mathematicsthat investigations are important science（√）that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations70.What is the main idea of the passage?_____________The theory of relativity.Exactness is the core of science.Scientists are different from ordinary people.Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.（正确答案）71.Which of the following statements is NOT true?___________People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.People who work in London prefer to live in the country.（√）Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.Many nature lovers,though working in London,prefer to live outside the city.72.With the same money__________,one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.getting a small flat with a gardenhaving a small flat with a gardenrenting a small flat without a garden（正确答案）buying a small flat without a garden73.When the garden is in blossom,it means that one__________has been rewarded.living in the countryhaving spent time working in the garden（√）having a garden of his ownhaving been digging,planting and watering74.People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that____________if they had to live outside London.their life was meaningless（√）their life was invaluablethey didn＇t deserve a happy lifethey were not worthy of their happy life75.The underlined phrase get from in the3rd paragraph refers to___________.deal withdo away withescape fromprevent from。
大学英语四级真题阅读练习10套(附参考答案)
大学英语4级真题Passage 1The endless debate about “work-life balance’’ often contains a hopeful footnote about stay-at-home dads. If American society and business won5t make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children, there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full-time fathers will. But based on today’s socioeconomic trends, this hope is, unfortunately, misguided.It’s true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full-time parents has doubled in a decade, but ifs still very small：only 0. 8% of married couples where the stay-at-home father was out of the labor force for a year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma(污名)and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision, even if only for a relatively short time.Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult. A study found that 85% of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few, it’s a week or two at most. Meanwhile, the average for women who take leave is more than 10 weeks. Such choices impact who moves up in the organization. While you’re away, someone else is doing your work, making your sales, taking care of your customers. That can’t help you at work. It can only hurt you. Women, of course, face the same issues of returning after a long absence. But with many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families, returning from an extended parental leave doesn’t raise as many eyebrows as it does for men.Women would make more if they didn't break their earning trajectory (轨迹）by leaving the workforce, or if higher-paying professions were more family-friendly. In the foreseeable future, stay- at-home fathers may make all the difference for individual families, but their presence won’t reduce the numbers of high-potential women who are forced to choose between family and career.56.What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work-life balance?A)More men taking an extended parental leave.B)Peopled changing attitudes towards family.C)More women entering business management.D)The improvement of their socioeconomic status.57.Why does the author say the hope for more full-time fathers is misguided?A)Women are better at taking care of children.B)Many men value work more than their family.C)Their number is too small to make a difference.D)Not many men have the chance to stay at home.58.Why do few men take a long parental leave?A)A long leave will have a negative impact on their career.B)They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work.C)The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear.D)They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too long.59.What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A) Jealousy. C) Admiration. B) Surprise.D) Sympathy.60.What does the author say about high-potential women in the not-too-distant future?A)They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home.B)They will find high-paying professions a bit more family-friendly.C)They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family.D)They will still face the difficult choice between career and children.答案：BCABDPassage 2Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops :rice, wheat, com and soyabeans (大豆).They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s. There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most(人口多的）countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in com and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Com and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world. ”, The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert (回返）to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.61.What does the author try to draw attention to?A) Food riots and hunger in the world.C) The decline of the grain yield growth.B) News headlines in the leading media.D) The food supply in populous countries.62.Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A)Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B)Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C)Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D)Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.63.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A)They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B)They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C)They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D)They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.64.What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in thecoming decades?A)The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B)The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C)The "slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D)The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.65.How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A)It is built on the findings of a new study.B)It is based on a doubtful assumption.C)It is backed by strong evidence.D)It is open to further discussion.答案：CADDBPassage 3Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation : Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity(肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “ many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance—like food—of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. ’’The research references studies of peopled behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions：licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren5t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.56.What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C)Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D)It causes more harm than is generally realized.57.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.B) They provide misleading information.D) They help people make rational choices.58.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A)Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B)There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C)Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D)Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.59.What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A)To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C)To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D)To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.60.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A)Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B)Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C)Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D)Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.答案：CCDDCPassage 4Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency ( 自满)”that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film—and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975—but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate(企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.61.What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B)It is approaching its downfall.C)It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D)It is playing the dominant role in the film market.62.Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A)To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complacency.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D)To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji Photo.63.Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C)They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D)They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.64.What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.65.What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.B) Its failure to see Fuji Photo’s emergence.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.答案：BADACPassage 5When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they’re done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example：a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga —by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under “clock time vs “task time.” They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchersargue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by dock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when perfoming a job that requires more creativity. It’ll make those tasks easier, arid the task- doers will be happier.56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A)It makes everybody time-conscious.B)It is a convenience for work and life.C)It may have a negative effect on creative work.D)It clearly indicates the fast pace of modem life.57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A)They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B)They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C)They set a time limit for each specific task.D)They accomplish their tasks one by one.58.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clocks timers?A) They seize opportunities as they come up.C) They have more control over their lives.B) They always get their work done in time.D) They tend to be more productive.59.What do the researchers say about today’s business culture?A)It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B)It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C)It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers5 lives.D)It aims to bring employees, potential and creativity into full play.60.What do the researchers suggest?A)Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work. B)It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C)Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier. D)A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.答案：CADAAPassage 6Martha Stewart was charged, tried and competed of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was “ paying her dues,” and that “ there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew.”Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person’s individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45, 000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia（恋童癖）work in a school. But too often collateral(附随的）consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one’s interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.61.What does the well-known columnist’s remark about Martha Stewart suggest?A)Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B)Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.C)Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D)Her prison sentence might have been extended.62.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?A)They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B)They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.C)They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.D)They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.63.What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?A) They remain poor for the rest of their lives.C) They are marginalized in society.B) They are deprived of all social benefits.D) They are deserted by their family.64.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?A)They help to maintain social stability.B)Some of them have long been outdated.C)They are hardly understood by the public.D)A lot of them have negative effects on society.65.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?A)To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B)To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.C)To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.D)To call people’s attention to prisoners’ conditions in America.答案：ABCDBPassage 7The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential，it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping—where you hand over notes and count out change in return—now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a comer shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher upthe scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores—Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance—you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼）of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet—that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness—represent something that matters?But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass，smooth and unknowable as a pebble (鹅卵石）. Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into comers, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.56.What is happening to the wallet?A) It is disappearing.C) It is becoming costly,B) It is being fattened.D) It is changing in style.57.How are business transactions done in big modem stores?A)Individually.C) In the abstract.B)Electronically.D) Via a cash register.58.What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?A)Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.B)The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.C)Earning money is getting more difficult.D)Spending money is so fast and easy.59.Why does the author choose to write about what’s happening to the wallet?A)It represents a change in the modem world.B)It has something to do with everybody’s life.C)It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.D)It is the concern of contemporary economists.60.What can we infer from the passage about the author?A)He is resistant to social changes.B)He is against technological progress.C)He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.D)He feels insecure in the ever-changing modem world.答案：ABDADPassage 8Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss— varies by culture.From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time, Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time” starting on October 26.Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year’s Eve, Russians have the world’s latest bedtime，hitting the hay at around 3:30 a.m.、Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.Similarly, Americans, late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends. Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey （冰球）. The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation(剥夺）.The worst night for sleep in the U. K was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?61.What does the author say about peopled sleeping habits?A) They are culture-related.C) They change with the seasons.B) They affect peopled health.D) They vary from person to person.62.What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?A)They don’t fall asleep until very late.C)They get less sleep on public holidays.B)They don’t sleep much on weekends.D)They sleep longer than people elsewhere.63.What is the major cause for Europeans’ loss of sleep?A)The daylight savings time.C)The World Cup.B)The colorful night life.D)The summertime.64.What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns?A) They have trouble falling asleep.C) They are involved in a sleep research.B) They want to get sufficient sleep.D) They want to go to bed on regular hours.65.What does .the author imply in the last paragraph?A)Sleeplessness does harm to peopled health.B)Few people really know the importance of sleep.C)It is important to study our sleep patterns.D)Average people probably sleep less than the rich.答案：ACCBBPassage 9Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?It's the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心) : rich people and nerds (痴迷科研的人).Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become star, up hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it has few nerds. It's not the kind of place nerds like.Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people.The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128.Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there're plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there's no one to invest in themDo you really need the rich people? Wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds?No, it would not. Start up investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.56.What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A. Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.B. It is the biggest technology hub in the US.C. Its fame in high technology is incomparable.D. It leads the world in information technology.57.What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?A. Lack of incentive for investment.B. Lack of the right kind of talents.C. Lack of government support.D. Lack of famous universities.58.In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?A. Its location is not as attractive to rich people.B. Its science departments are not nearly as good.C. It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.D. It does not pay much attention to business startups.59.What does the author imply about Boston?A. It has pleasant weather all year round.。
大学四级考试英语阅读习题及答案
大学四级考试英语阅读习题(一)The food we eat seems to have profound effects on ourhealth.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because ofthis ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animalsin order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing大学四级考试英语阅读习题答案cacbd大学四级考试英语阅读习题(二)Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becomingregular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The numberof deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds大学四级考试英语阅读习题答案bdbdb。
2023年12月大学英语CET四级真题及答案解析
2023年12月大学英语CET四级真题及答案解析题目一阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
When I was in college, I had a roommate named Jack. Jack was a very talented musician and played the guitar exceptionally well. Every night, he would strum his guitar and sing beautiful songs. His music would fill the room, and it always had a calming effect on me.One day, Jack told me that he had decided to drop out of college to pursue his dream of becoming a professional musician. I was shocked and worried for him. I knew that the music industry was competitive and unpredictable, and I didn’t want him to give up his education for a risky career.However, Jack was determined to follow his passion. He said that he believed in himself and his talent, and he wanted to give it a shot. Despite my concerns, I admired his courage and dedication.Years later, I saw on social media that Jack had become a successful musician. He had released several albums and was touring around the world. I realized then that sometimes, following your passion and taking risks can lead to great success.解析本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了他在大学时的室友Jack决定辍学追寻音乐梦想的故事。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇(含答案)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一（含答案）There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案）The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may betypical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案：cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三（含答案）Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here atthe University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四（含答案）Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in thelate 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之五（含答案）The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control theseprocedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之六（含答案）As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves thesame response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之七（含答案）In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses andtraveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之八（含答案）There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain heis born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之九（含答案）As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十（含答案）If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of V enus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十一（含答案）What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up."。
2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题第2套(含答案)
2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题第2套(含答案)Part I Writing (30 minutes).Directions:Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on the recent development in their hometown. You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes).Section A.Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) He noticed the driver was too young to drive.B) He found there was no one sitting at the wheel.C) He thought something must be wrong with the driver.D) He saw the driver changing lanes much too frequently.2. A) Buy a sports car.B) Drive across town.C) Leave California.D) Visit his sister.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) How they change the way we shop.B) How they alter human skeletons.C) How they cause increased headaches.D) How they affect our communication.4. A) It loosens.B) It brightens.C) It hardens.D) It softens.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Create Internet pages for him.B) Ask a local pet shop to adopt him.C) Name an orange tree after him.D) Hold a birthday party for him.6. A) He is a bold and aggressive pet.B) He pays regular visits to village shops.C) He once bit a doctor's receptionist.D) He likes to sit on the hairdresser's chair.7. A) He is fond of luxury cat food.B) He likes to stay in villagers5 6h 7ouses.C) He knows everybody in the village.D) He often seeks food around her pub.Section B.Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Who to order the food.B) Whether to have sandwiches.C) When to go for their meal.D) Where to have their lunch.9. A) In the shopping center nearby.B) In the expensive Italian style diner.C) At the Sandwich Place on Camden Street.D) At the American restaurant they frequent.10. A) There is to be a conference call.B) She has to meet with her boss then.C) There will be crowds of people waiting for her.D) She will have a photo taken with Brigette Clark.11. A) She doesn't deem homemade soup tasty.B) She doesn't think his wife cooks well.C) She feels Jeremy would rather dine out.D) She has found the soup smells terrible.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) A landlady.B) A waitress.C) A receptionist.D) A saleswoman.13. A) He was involved in a terrible car accident last April.B) He has much difficulty getting up and down stairs.C) He is expected to undergo a knee operation.D) He prefers to stay next door to the children.14. A) To please his parents-in-law.B) To find the best trip for his kids.C) To satisfy his curiosity.D) To compare prices.15. A) Visit a local art gallery.B) Go on a boat trip.C) Take some photos of the islands.D) Try her hand-made clothing.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They are more intelligent than many of us.B) They have already become our new friends.C) They have begun to affect our social behavior.D) They play increasingly more important roles.17. A) Whether it might have any effect on the way we negotiate.B) Whether it might actually outperform human negotiators.C) Whether it can facilitate business transactions.D) Whether it can speed up legal procedures.18. A) Choose to be tough.B) Sympathize with their opponent.C) Use deceptive strategies.D) Appear to be pleasant.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They were perceived differently by some academics.B) They still existed six months after the course ended.C) They varied greatly among the course participants.D) They were only measurable within seven weeks.20. A) They can be easily seen among participants in a healthy weight range.B) They should be attributed to participants5 change in diet behaviors.C) They are linked to cooking confidence and cooking satisfaction.D) They actually result from eating more fruits and vegetables.21. A) Gender.B) Confidence.C) Health.D) Practice.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It keeps others away.B) It causes discomfort.C) It remains visible.D) It varies in size.23. A) It makes us feel uncomfortable.B) It renders the acquaintance a stranger.C) It brings the acquaintance closer to us.D) It causes the bubble around us to vanish.24. A) In personal space.B) In social space.C) Within a distance of 18 inches.D) Over 2 feet away from one another.25. A) When we begin to feel fear.B) When we develop a sense of space.C) When we are 3 or 4 years old.D) When we enter our teens.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes).Section A.Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank fallowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A number of studies have looked at how family life can affect productivity and satisfaction in the workplace. However, there has been____26____ little research on the influence of leisure activities. So Ciara Kelly and colleagues recruited 129 hobbyists to look at how the time spent on their hobbies____27____their work life.The researchers found that when participants spent longerthan____28____on their leisure activity, their belief in their ability to perform their job was strengthened. But this was only the____29____when they had a serious hobby that was dissimilar to their job, or when their hobby was similar to their work but they only did it____30____ . When their hobby was both serious and similar to their job, then spending more time on it actually decreased their work____31____.Why might that be? To maintain a serious hobby, people need to invest significant psychological resources, say the authors- so if the activity has the same kinds of demands as their work, they may be left____32____ and unable to perform well at their job. But if their hobby is quitedifferent from their career, it may not____33____in the same way but instead help them develop other knowledge and skills thatcan____34____their confidence at work. "Consider a scientist who is a keen rock clim ber,says Kelly. "Since climbing is so far ____35____ from their day-to-day work activities, they can still recover from the demands of their job with plenty of resources.".A) boostB) caseC) casuallyD) efficiencyE) estateF) exhaustedG) facultyH) interfereI) normalJ) prevalentK) relativeL) removedM) scratchN) shapedO) surprisinglySection B.Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one o f the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.More fathers are taking paternity leave, but mothers are still doing all the work.A) Attitudes towards paternity leave (陪产假)have drastically changed in America in the last five years as more fathers feel comfortable taking extended time off, but gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects and the home, according to a new study of working parents.B) Research by the Boston College Center for Work & Family, which surveyed new parents at four large US companies who were qualified for taking at least six weeks paid parental leave, found that 81% of the 1,240 employees surveyed said the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable.C) Of those surveyed, 62% of fathers took the maximum amount of time off compared to 93% of mothers, and around three-quarters of workers said their employer was equally supportive of mothers and fathers taking parental leave and over half said leave policies had made workplaceculture better.D) The US is one of only three countries in the world not to offer statutory (法定的)paid leave, but increasingly states and companies are starting to take up the issue. So far, eight states and the District of Columbia have their own paid family leave laws.E) Brad Harrington, executive director of the center and lead author of the study, estimates only 20% to 30% of companies in the US offer paid parental leave. He feels the research findings reflect an obvious change in corporate attitudes to new fathers taking time off.F) "We did a study on paternity leave five years ago. Compared with those findings, these numbers were shocking to me. I did not expect 80% of people to say the organisation finds dads taking this leave acceptable and three-quarters to say it's equally supportive of women and men taking leave," Harrington said.G) The previous study found that nearly three-quarters of fathers saw two to four weeks as an appropriate duration for paternity leave and 76% said they would prefer not to take all their time off at once.H) Since then, there have been a number of legal cases against companies involving paternity leave- including cases against JPMorgan Chase and Estee Lauder- which have helped put pressure on companies to make their parental leave policies gender neutral.I) However, the study also shows how traditional gender roles endure both at work, where more women than men reported changes in their perceived career potential, and at home~~even among workers who claim to have a strong desire for equality.J) The vast majority of men, 97%, said one of the top reasons to take leave was to share caregiving with their partner. But when they were asked about how caregiving and household tasks were divided, their answers painted a different picture. While about 75% of employees said both genders should give the same amount of care, the majority of men and nearly half of women admitted that in reality the female actually did most of it. A tiny fraction, 2%, of men said they did more of the childcare.K) Men and women's experiences of the return to work following parental leave were also considerably different. Of the women surveyed, 32% reported a downturn in their job satisfaction, while 14% said it increased. In comparison, 17% of men said their job satisfaction went down and 20% said it went up. Meanwhile, more women reported an increase in their responsibilities and manager expectations after childbirth. Half of the women said they used flexible work arrangements after becoming a parent, while just 27% of men did. Similar percentages of men and women said they enjoyed their careers and that it gave them a sense of achievement, while around half of women and 44% of men said it was a key part of their identity.L) On the subject of career advancement, 59% of women and 49% of mensaid leave could be limiting and both genders said they feared it would have an impact on their progress long-term. But on opportunity for promotion, more than double the number of women, 30% compared with 15% of men, believed their chances to be lower after becoming a parent. Despite progress, the struggle for women to reach the highest positions of power is demonstrated in this year's Fortune 500 list, which featured a record____33____female CEOs, but this still represents a tiny fraction of the total.M) Harrington said culture change depends on companies putting more focus on men and their responsibilities. "By that I mean companies need to give men paternity leave and encourage men to take time off to be with their kids early on in the kids' lift. They also need to recognise that men have to make significant adjustments when they become parents. Companies cannot do all these things to enhance women's advancement and then turn around and say,4Oh, but we don't expect the men to take over for the women at home.".N) In May, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Outten & Golden LLP announced a historic class action $5m settlement with JPMorgan Chase on behalf of male employees who claim they were illegally denied access to paid parental leave. Derek Rotondo, 35, filed the discrimination charge against his company after he was allegedly told by his HR department that mothers were considered primary caregivers. Thus, they were allowed to take 16 weeks of paid parental leave. Fathers, however, could take just two weeks.O) The father of two from Columbus, Ohio, who still works at the company as an associate and investigator, said he has witnessed a "domino effect (多米诺效应)" across companies since the settlement, but that there is still substantial progress to be made towards changing attitudes towards paternity leave.P) "I do think there's still some way to go...there's still going to be sort of the unstated expectation for new dads to essentially come right back to work, but I think the research is showing That's starting to change." He said equal parental leave is an essential component to creating gender equality in the workplace. "The old standard of women staying home, having babies and cooking doesn't apply and hasn't applied for a long time.".36. In the absence of Federal legislation, some states in the US have passed laws concerning paid family leave.37. Most fathers admitted that even during their paternity leave they actually did much less childcare than the mother.38. According to one father, equal parental leave is indispensable to achieving gender equality in the workplace.39. One survey indicated there is now less objection to paternity leave.40. Compared to five years ago, according to one researcher, many more people said their organisation gave the same support to men and women taking parental leave.41. One study finds that even workers who claim to desire gender equality stick to traditional gender roles both at work and at home.42. The majority of workers surveyed said parental leave policies had improved workplace culture.43. In spite of progress, the number of women in top positions of big companies remains extremely small.44. According to one estimate, less than one third of companies in the US provide paid parental leave.45. A number of lawsuits have pressured companies to formulate gender neutral policies on parental leave.Section C.Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Having a rival can keep you committed to achieving your goals and enhance your overall performance. But before you go out and find an entrepreneur to outcompete, it's important to understand and avoid the traps that often come with rivalry. After all, competitive rivalry can also hinder effective decision-making and increase your willingness to take risks, behaviors that can ultimately hurt your venture's success.Finding someone you're committed to outcompeting can be a great way to stay focused on your goals and push your venture to the next level. But when you're intently focused on outperforming your rivals, you may begin to develop a "win-at・all・costs" mentality that causes you to ignore how you achieve success. One group of researchers, for example, examined the link between rivalry and unethical behavior. They found that when people compete against their rivals, they are more willing to behave unethically to win. But such behavior may stain your reputation and strain relationships important to your success. One way to avoid this trap is to stop and reflect on what's important. While outperforming your rivals may provide short-term benefits, the loss of your integrity will have long-term consequences.One reason having a rival can enhance your venture's performance is that it creates a level of excitement that drives you to work harder. But this eagerness to win may also hurt your venture's success, particularlywhen it causes you to make impulsive, insensible decisions. But it's possible to avoid such costly mistakes by making a habit of engaging in critical thinking, such as considering opposing viewpoints and conducting cost-benefit analyses, especially for those decisions that are complex and can determine the future of your venture.The sense of eagerness that comes with having a rival can not only cause you to make poorer decisions, but it can also lead you to take greater risks that put your venture in peril. One way you can overcome the risk inducing effects of rivalry that stand to endanger your venture's success is to remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making.46. How can competitive rivalry benefit entrepreneurs according to the passage?A) By enabling them to outcompete other entrepreneurs.B) By enabling them to make their venture a success.C) By helping them to reach long-term goals.D) By helping them to stay goal-oriented.47. What is one of the traps entrepreneurs may often fall into when competing with rivals?A) They may adopt strategies that are bound to ruin their venture.B) They may resort to unethical means to outperform their rivals.C) They may be too eager to succeed while ignoring the huge labor cost.D) They may be intently focused on winning at the current market level.48. What are entrepreneurs advised to do to avoid traps that often accompany rivalry?A) Deliberate on what really matters.B) Prioritize reaping immediate benefits.C) Estimate the long-term consequences.D) Reflect on what successes are achievable.49. How can entrepreneurs avoid making impulsive and insensible decisions?A) By engaging themselves in critical reasoning.B) By developing a habit of keeping their integrity.C) By criticizing themselves for previous poor performances.D) By refraining from being too excited about their successes.50. How can entrepreneurs overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry?A) By paying close attention to their current performance.B) By taking steps that stand to endanger their rivals5 success.C) By monitoring how their decision-making impacts their mentality.D) By keeping their emotions in check to avoid making poor decisions.Passage Two.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A multitasker is one who can perform two or more tasks effectively at the same time, which- apart from the obvious differences- is similar to what a computer does. The concept does indeed come from the realms of technology, where it is used to refer to an operating system that can execute multiple tasks at the same time.However, the question is: can a person really be a multitasker?For most scientists, the answer is no. So much so that, according to experts in neuroscience (神经系统科学), our brains do not handle multitasking situations well. As soon as two tasks require our attention, productivity suffers. What we call muKitasking, therefore, is in reality the ability to move more or less quickly from one task to another. This requires two essential conditions: that one of the tasks needs to be automatic, like walking or eating, and that they both need different mental processes. Answering the phone and writing at the same time, for example.However, on the other side of the coin there are people who maintain that it is possible to be, or at least seem to be, multitasking. A recent study concluded that regardless of whether people are actually handling several tasks or not, the mere fact that they perceive this activity as multitasking has a positive effect on their performance.The business perspective offers a different view: multitasking is understood as the ability to adapt to all types of environment within a company and effectively undertake different activities within a set time frame.Indeed, many companies look for people who are skilled in multitasking to improve their productivity. From this different perspective, you can not only be multitasking but this ability can also be taught: something that is easier in fluid organisations, which favour flexibility in their working practices.The benefits of multitasking are clear. Being quicker and more efficient increases our performance and the number of tasks completed. But having to pay attention to several things at once means that the powers of concentration are reduced and that can lead to more mistakes.51. What does a "multitasker" originally refer to?A) An operating system capable of doing several tasks at once.B) A skilled worker executing more than one task at the same time.C) A sophisticated technology doing several tasks effectively at once.D) An efficient person able to perform multiple tasks at the same time.52. Why can't people really be multitaskers according to neuroscientists?A) They are not sufficiently exposed to multitasking situations.B) They are not comparable to mechanical operating systems.C) Their brains do not allow them to multitask.D) Their attention span cannot be expanded.53. What do we learn from the conclusion of a recent study on multitasking?A) People make greater achievements by maintaining whatever they are doing is multitasking.B) People's performance benefits from the perception of what they are doing as multitasking.C) People's active mental processes exert a positive effect on their multitasking.D) People can improve their capabilities by handling multitasking situations.54. How does the business world view multitasking?A) It is a rare skill often found in fluid organisations.B) It is an adaptable capability required of all workers.C) It is an essential quality many employees lack.D) It is a desirable ability that can be developed.55. What does the author imply we should do if we have to focus on some task and do it well?A) Work in a flexible way.B) Learn from mistakes.C) Avoid multitasking.D) Increase efficiency.Part IV Translation (30 minutes).Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.改革开放以来，中国人的饮食（diet）发生了显著变化。
2023年湖北普通专升本大学英语真题试题及答案
2023年湖北普通专升本大学英语真题试题及答案题目一：阅读理解Passage 1:Computers are increasingly being used to make important decisions, such as granting credit and making hiring decisions. Many people believe that such decisions should be made by humans, not by computers. They argue that computers lack the human ability to consider the context and nuances of each situation.However, proponents of computer decision-making contend that computers are less likely to be influenced by personal biases and emotions, leading to fairer outcomes. Humans are prone to making decisions based on their emotions and prejudices, while computers can follow strict algorithms and use objective criteria.Furthermore, computers can process vast amounts of data within seconds, which humans cannot do. This enables them to analyze complex information and identify patterns that might not be apparent to humans. In addition, computer systems can be continuously updated with new information, which ensures that decisions are based on the most relevant and up-to-date data available.In conclusion, while it is true that computers lack certain human qualities, such as empathy and the ability to consider context, they offer numerous advantages in decision-making. Their ability to be unbiased, process large amounts of data, andprovide objective criteria make them valuable tools in various fields.Questions:1.What is the main argument of those who believedecisions should be made by humans?2.According to the passage, why are computers lesslikely to be influenced by personal biases and emotions?3.Why are computers able to analyze complexinformation and identify patterns that might not beapparent to humans?Answer:1.The main argument of those who believe decisionsshould be made by humans is that computers lack thehuman ability to consider the context and nuances of each situation.puters are less likely to be influenced bypersonal biases and emotions because they follow strictalgorithms and use objective criteria.puters are able to analyze complex informationand identify patterns that might not be apparent to humans because they can process vast amounts of data withinseconds.题目二：词汇选择Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.1.The new museum has a __________ collection of modern art.(A)diverse(B)discrete(C)conventional(D)coherent2.We need to find a __________ to this problem before it gets worse.(A)sustenance(B)successor(C)solution(D)sequence3.She is known for her __________ and dedication to her work.(A)rhetoric(B)resilience(C)reverence(D)remorse4.The company’s profits have __________ significantlyover the past year.(A)debated(B)diminished(C)diverged(D)distinguishedAnswer:(A)diverse(C)solution(B)resilience(B)diminished题目三：写作 PracticeWrite a short composition (approximately 200 words) on the following topic:The Importance of Critical Thinking in the Digital AgeIn today’s digital age, critical thinking skills are more important than ever. With the vast amount of information available online, it is crucial to be able to analyze and evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources. Critical thinking allows individuals to distinguish between trustworthy information and misinformation, helping them make informed decisions and avoid falling into the traps of fake news and scams.Moreover, critical thinking enables individuals to think independently and question assumptions. It encourages them to explore various perspectives and challenge existing beliefs, leading to innovation and progress. In a world where information is constantly changing and evolving, individuals with critical thinking skills are better equipped to adapt and thrive.Additionally, critical thinking aids in problem-solving and decision-making. It helps individuals consider multiple factors, recognize patterns, and identify potential flaws in reasoning. By examining multiple possibilities and considering various outcomes, critical thinkers can make more effective and sound decisions.In conclusion, critical thinking is an essential skill in the digital age. It allows individuals to navigate the vast ocean of information available online, think independently, and make well-informed decisions. Developing and honing critical thinking skills should be a priority for individuals in order to succeed in today’s complex and fast-paced world.参考答案:The Importance of Critical Thinking in the Digital AgeIn today’s digital age, critical thinking skills are more important than ever. With the vast amount of information available online, it is crucial to be able to analyze and evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources. Critical thinking allows individuals to distinguish between trustworthy information and misinformation, helping them make informed decisions and avoid falling into the traps of fake news and scams.Moreover, critical thinking enables individuals to think independently and question assumptions. It encourages them to explore various perspectives and challenge existing beliefs, leading to innovation and progress. In a world where information is constantly changing and evolving, individuals with critical thinking skills are better equipped to adapt and thrive.Additionally, critical thinking aids in problem-solving and decision-making. It helps individuals consider multiple factors, recognize patterns, and identify potential flaws in reasoning. By examining multiple possibilities and considering various outcomes, critical thinkers can make more effective and sound decisions.In conclusion, critical thinking is an essential skill in the digital age. It allows individuals to navigate the vast ocean of information available online, think independently, and make well-informed decisions. Developing and honing criticalthinking skills should be a priority for individuals in order to succeed in today’s complex and fast-paced world.。
2023年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)
2023年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套) 一、听力部分（共四个小节，每个小节有5道题）听力部分第1小节：1.What is the man doing?– A. Having a haircut.– B. Waiting for an appointment.– C. Talking to the woman.– D. Buying a ticket.2.What did the woman get at the library?– A. A textbook.– B. A magazine.– C. A lecture note.– D. A library card.3.Where does the conversation probably take place?– A. In a hotel.– B. In a restaurant.– C. In a travel agency.– D. In an airport.4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?– A. A recent movie.– B. A famous actor.– C. An award ceremony.– D. A film review.5.What does the man mean?– A. He doesn’t mind trying the new restaurant.– B. He has already been to the new restaurant.– C. It’s not worth going to the new restaurant.– D. He doesn’t feel like going to the new restaurant.听力部分第2小节：6.What is the probable relationship between speakers?– A. Family members.– B. Classmates.– C. Strangers.– D. Colleagues.7.Where does the conversation most likely take place?– A. In a classroom.– B. In a library.– C. In a bookstore.– D. In a coffee shop.8.What does the man suggest the woman should do?– A. Buy a new computer.– B. Get her computer repaired.– C. Upgrade her computer’s software.– D. Take her computer to a technician.9.What does the woman mean?– A. She has no plants at home.– B. She will go to the botanical garden.– C. She can’t find many plants at the garden.– D. She enjoyed her visit to the botanical garden.10.What are the speakers mainly discussing?– A. The course schedule.– B. The professor’s office hours.– C. The required textbooks.– D. The exam dates.听力部分第3小节：11.Why does the man want to leave the organization?– A. He is not happy with his current position.– B. He wants to start his own business.– C. He has found a better job opportunity.– D. He doesn’t like the organization’s policies.12.What does the man mean?– A. He wants to go downtown with the woman.– B. He doesn’t mind staying home tonight.– C. He will have to go downtown for a meeting.– D. He wants to avoid going downtown.13.What does the man imply?– A. The woman should ask someone else for help.– B. He is not sure about the answer either.– C. He has already asked someone for the answer.– D. The woman should ask the professor for help.14.Why does the man ask about the woman’s weekend plan?– A. He wants to make plans with the woman.– B. He is curious about the woman’s hobbies.– C. He wants to know if the woman can help him.– D. He needs someone to babysit his children.15.What does the woman mean?– A. She enjoys classical music more.– B. She prefers going to live concerts.– C. She has never been to a concert before.– D. She is not interested in classical music.听力部分第4小节：16.Why is the woman calling the man?– A. To confirm a meeting time.– B. To cancel a meeting.– C. To ask for directions.– D. To reschedule a meeting.17.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?– A. Colleagues.– B. Teacher and student.– C. Friends.– D. Strangers.18.What does the man imply?– A. He prefers jogging alone.– B. He has a jogging partner.– C. He wants to go jogging with the woman.– D. He doesn’t like jogging.19.What is the main topic of the conversation?– A. Favorite sports.– B. Exercise routines.– C. Weekend plans.– D. Healthy lifestyles.20.How does the woman feel about the new restaurant?– A. Excited.– B. Impressed.– C. Disappointed.– D. Surprised.二、阅读部分（共两篇文章，每篇文章后有5道题）阅读部分第1篇文章：Basketball Tips for BeginnersBasketball is a popular and exciting sport that many people enjoy playing. If you’re a beginner who wants to get better at basketball, here are some helpful tips for you:1.Develop basic skills: Start by learning andpracticing the basic skills of basketball, such as dribbling,shooting, passing, and rebounding. These fundamental skills will form the foundation of your basketball abilities.2.Improve your fitness: Basketball requires you to be physically fit. Work on your strength, stamina, agility, and speed through regular exercise and training.3.Practice consistently: Consistent practice is key to improvement. Set aside regular time to practice your basketball skills. Whether it’s shooting practice or working on your footwork, consistency will help you progress faster.4.Play with others: Join a basketball team or find friends to play with. Playing with others will not only improve your teamwork skills but also give you the opportunity to practice in a game-like setting.5.Watch and learn: Watch professional basketball games and learn from the best players. Observe their techniques, strategies, and movements. This will help you understand the game better and pick up new skills.6.Stay motivated: Basketball can be challenging at times, but don’t let obstacles discourage you. Stay motivated and focused on your goals. Remember that practice and perseverance are essential for improvement.7.What is the article mainly about?– A. The history of basketball.– B. Advanced basketball techniques.– C. Tips for beginners to improve at basketball.– D. The benefits of playing basketball.8.According to the article, which of the following is NOT a basic skill in basketball?– A. Dribbling.– B. Shooting.– C. Running.– D. Passing.9.How can beginners improve their fitness for basketball?– A. By watching professional basketball games.– B. By playing with others regularly.– C. By practicing consistently.– D. By learning new skills.10.Why does the article recommend playing with others?– A. To have fun.– B. To practice teamwork.– C. To watch professional basketball games.– D. To improve fitness.11.What should beginners do when facing challenges inbasketball?– A. Give up.– B. Watch and learn.– C. Join a basketball team.– D. Stay motivated and focused.阅读部分第2篇文章：The Benefits of Time ManagementTime management is a skill that can greatly improve the quality of your life. Here are some benefits of practicing good time management:1.Increased productivity: Effective timemanagement allows you to work more efficiently andaccomplish more within a given time period. By settingpriorities and allocating time for different tasks, you canmake the most of your time and avoid wasting it.2.Reduced stress: Poor time management often leadsto stress and anxiety. When you feel overwhelmed by a long to-do list and limited time, it can be hard to stay calm andfocused. By managing your time properly, you can reduce stress and have a better work-life balance.3.Improved decision-making: Time management helps you make better decisions by giving you a clear overview of your tasks and deadlines. When you have a good sense of how much time you have for each task, you can prioritize effectively and make informed choices.4.More free time: Effective time management allows you to have more free time to pursue your hobbies, spend time with loved ones, or simply relax. By efficiently completing your tasks and managing your time well, you can create a better balance between work and leisure.5.Personal growth: Practicing good time management can lead to personal growth and development. It helps you become more organized, disciplined, and self-motivated. These qualities can benefit you in various aspects of life, not just in managing your time.6.What is the main purpose of the article?– A. To explain the concept of time management.– B. To provide tips on how to manage time effectively.– C. To discuss the benefits of time management.– D. To present case studies on timemanagement.7.According to the article, what is one benefit of effective time management?– A. Increased stress.– B. Limited productivity.– C. Better work-life balance.– D. Poor decision-making.8.How does time management help with decision-making?– A. By reducing stress and anxiety.– B. By giving an overview of tasks and deadlines.– C. By creating a better work-life balance.– D. By providing more free time.9.What can be inferred from the article about personal growth?– A. Personal growth is not related to time management.– B. Time management only benefits work-related aspects.– C. Time management leads to moreproductivity but not personal growth.– D. Time management develops qualities that can benefit various aspects of life.10.What is the article’s stance on time management?– A. Time management is essential for aproductive and fulfilling life.– B. Time management is a waste of time.– C. Time management is only useful for work-related tasks.– D. Time management is a concept that is difficult to understand.三、写作部分（共两个写作任务，分别为一篇看图写作和一篇议论文）写作部分第1个写作任务：看图写作根据下面的图片，请你用英语写一篇短文。
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大学英语阅读真题及答案因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面给大家整理的大学阅读理解真题供参考，以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语阅读真题及答案，希望可以帮到大家Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isn’t why the government—under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party—has agreed to legislate for standardized packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco as one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by afraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron’s election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his news adviser’s outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free voice before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre2006lament (叹息) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket check-outs fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A) Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B) It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C) Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D) It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A) Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B) Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C) Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D) Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A) Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B) The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C) The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D) Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A) Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B) There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C) Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D) Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A) They fueled a lot of controversy.B) They made more British people obese.C) They attracted a lot of smokers.D) They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money!In return for an averageof£44,000 ofdebt,students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from£1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent job:sixin ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaboratecom-tricks(骗术). There’s a lotfor students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning £21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduates—those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledgeas much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51. What is the author’s opinion of going to university?A) It is worthwhile after all.B) It is simply a waste of time.C) It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D) It is too expensive for most young people.52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?A) Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.B) It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.C) Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.D) Most of them take jobs which don’t require a college degree.53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?A) Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.B) Practical skills they will need in their future careers.C) Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.D) Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?A) Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.B) Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.C) Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.D) Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.B) Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.C) University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.D) The prestige of the university influences employers’ recruitment decisions.Section Cpassage one46. [D] It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. [A] Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.48. [B] The number of smokes has dropped more sharply than in the UK.49. [A] Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.50. [C] They made more British people obese.passage two51. [A] It is worthwhile after all.52. [D] Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.53. [C] Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.54. [B] Meting people who will be helpful to you in the future.55. [D] The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions.仔细阅读46. A it is unfair to those climate-venerable nations.细节题，题目定位词除了Paris climate agreement之外还有一个重点定位词critical，问作者为什么对此协议是批判态度，在文中并不是很明确找到。