大学英语英美文学,鲁滨逊漂流记 Robinson Crusoe
我最喜欢的书鲁滨孙漂流记英语作文
我最喜欢的书鲁滨孙漂流记英语作文English: My favorite book is "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe. This classic novel tells the story of a man named Robinson Crusoe who is stranded on a deserted island for 28 years. Through his struggles for survival, Robinson learns to rely on his own resourcefulness and resilience. The novel explores themes of isolation, companionship, ingenuity, and self-discovery. I was captivated by the vivid descriptions of Crusoe's daily challenges and his eventual triumph over adversity. The character development, moral dilemmas, and sense of adventure in "Robinson Crusoe" have left a lasting impacton me, making it a book that I continue to cherish and revisit.中文翻译: 我最喜欢的书是丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》。
这部经典小说讲述了一个名叫鲁宾逊·克鲁索的男子被困在一座荒岛上长达28年的故事。
通过为生存而奋斗,鲁宾逊学会了依靠自己的机智和坚韧。
小说探讨了孤立、友谊、聪明才智和自我发现的主题。
鲁宾逊漂流记的中英文介绍
鲁宾逊漂流记的中英文介绍英语简介:Robinson Crusoe,supposedly based on the real adventure,is in fact,a work of sheer imagination.The novel consists actually of three parts though only the first part is most well-know and widely read.In this part the hero of the story,Robinson crusoe,narrates in the first person how he goes to sea,gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island,struggles to live for twenty-four years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.The story starts with Roginson Crusoe's running away from home.An inexperienced teenager and a young man full of bright fancies about the future,he naturally chooses going to sea,because in thoese days it meant a chance to live a chivalrous life,to see the wonders of the world and to make a fortune.After many setbacks and adventures on the sea,he settles down in Brazil as a planter.But the call of the sea is so strong that he soon embarks on another voyage,this time,to Africa.Unfortunately a frightful storm blows the boat off its course and shipwrecks it near an island.Of all the ship's crew Robinson alone escape to the shore after strenuous efforts.After salvaging from the wrecked ship some stores of necessities such asbread,rice,barley,corn,planks,lead and gunpowder,and axe and two saws,which he later manages to bring to the island with a self-made raft.After several futile attempts to leave the island,Robinson settles himself down to a hard and lonely life.He grows crops,domesticates animals and builds comfortable homes for himself.His life takes a turn for the better when he saves from the hands of savages a young Black man,whom he names Friday.Robinson teaches him English and educates him in such a way that Friday soon becomes a loyal servant and an indispensable help to him.Finally they are picked up by an English ship and return to England.Thus end the first part of the story.In Robinson Crusoe,Defore traces the growth of Robinson from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventfull life.The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel.《鲁宾逊.克鲁索漂流记》似乎是根据真人真事改编创作的,但实际上是纯粹虚构的小说。
介绍鲁滨逊漂流记主要内容的英语作文
介绍鲁滨逊漂流记主要内容的英语作文Robinson Crusoe, a classic novel written by Daniel Defoe, tells the story of a young Englishman who finds himself stranded on a deserted island after a shipwreck. The narrative follows his journey of survival, personal growth, and eventual rescue, presenting a captivating tale of human resilience and self-discovery.The story begins with Robinson Crusoe, the protagonist, recounting his early life and desire for adventure. Despite his father's advice to settle down and pursue a more stable profession, Crusoe's thirst for exploration leads him to embark on a series of voyages. During one of these voyages, his ship is caught in a violent storm, and Crusoe is the sole survivor, washed ashore on an uninhabited island.Faced with the harsh realities of his situation, Crusoe must quickly adapt and learn to fend for himself. He begins by salvaging what he can from the shipwreck, including tools, weapons, and other essential supplies. With a keen eye for resourcefulness, Crusoe sets out to construct a makeshift shelter, using the materials at hand to build a sturdy dwelling.As time passes, Crusoe's daily routine becomes a constant struggle for survival. He must find a reliable source of food and water, defend himself against wild animals, and contend with the unpredictable weather. Through these challenges, Crusoe demonstrates his ingenuity and determination, constantly seeking new ways to improve his living conditions and increase his chances of survival.One of the most remarkable aspects of Crusoe's journey is his gradual transformation from a naive and impulsive young man to a self-reliant and resilient individual. As he faces the harsh realities of his isolation, Crusoe begins to reflect on his past decisions and the consequences they have brought. He also develops a deep appreciation for the natural world around him, learning to coexist with the island's flora and fauna.Crusoe's spiritual journey is another central theme of the novel. Initially, he struggles with feelings of guilt and despair, questioning his faith and the purpose of his existence. However, as he learns to adapt and find meaning in his solitary life, Crusoe's relationship with God deepens. He begins to see his predicament as a divine test, and his faith becomes a source of comfort and strength in the face of adversity.Alongside Crusoe's personal growth, the novel also explores themesof colonialism and the European exploration of the New World. Crusoe's interactions with the island's indigenous inhabitants, known as "Cannibals," reflect the complex and often problematic dynamics between European colonizers and the native populations they encountered. Crusoe's attempts to "civilize" and convert the Cannibals to Christianity mirror the colonial mindset of the time, raising questions about the moral implications of such actions.As the story progresses, Crusoe's life on the island is disrupted by the arrival of other shipwrecked individuals, including a group of mutineers and a young man named Friday. Crusoe's relationships with these characters further develop his character, as he navigates the challenges of leadership, diplomacy, and the preservation of his solitary way of life.Ultimately, after spending nearly three decades on the island, Crusoe is finally rescued and able to return to the civilized world. However, his experiences on the island have profoundly transformed him, and he finds himself struggling to readjust to the social conventions and expectations of his former life.The enduring popularity of Robinson Crusoe can be attributed to its timeless themes and the universal appeal of its protagonist's journey. Crusoe's story resonates with readers across generations, as it explores the human capacity for resilience, self-discovery, and thesearch for meaning in the face of overwhelming adversity. The novel's vivid descriptions, engaging narrative, and thought-provoking exploration of complex societal issues have cemented its status as a classic work of literature.。
英美文学选读鲁滨逊漂流记翻译分析
英美文学选读鲁滨逊漂流记翻译分析Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔·笛福) is an English writer, the founder of English realistic novels in the Enlightenment period. They are known as "the father of English novels". His works are readable, and the main frame is that the protagonist, through his efforts to overcome difficulties by wisdom and courage, shows the social atmosphere of pursuing adventure and advocating personal struggle. His representative work, Robinson Crusoe, created Robinson, a typical figure who struggled with difficulties.In England, literature began with poetry and drama. In 1719, Robinson Crusoe was the first real novel in England. The hero of Robinson Crusoe is the symbol of the brave adventurer of the bourgeois bourgeois in the budding period of capitalism, and Robinson's story is adapted to the need of the tide of the time.The book takes Robinson's adventures as a clue about how he is away from home, escaping from pirates, landing on the island, how to survive in a bad Island, and finally how to return to Britain. Robinson Crusoe has used many psychological descriptions toshape the vivid character of Robinson, the protagonist. Through a series of psychological descriptions, Robinson's thought changes were revealed, and his personality characteristics were revealed to a great extent. When Robinson was killed in the sea, he thought, "no doubt, I will never see them again."In my eyes, Robinson is not only a successful adventurer, but also a successful businessman. As a successful man, he did have good conditions. He has dreams, perseverance, intelligence and self-reliance; he is brave enough to make decisions and dare to bear consequences; he is optimistic, cheerful and confident. There is no doubt that his psychological quality is high and his psychological endurance is very strong, otherwise he will not be able to overcome the strange environment, lonely psychology, and live alone on an uninhabited island for 23 years.丹尼尔·笛福(丹尼尔笛福)是英国作家,启蒙运动时期英国现实主义小说的创始人。
英文作文鲁滨逊漂流记
英文作文鲁滨逊漂流记英文:Robinson Crusoe is a classic novel written by Daniel Defoe, telling the story of a man named Robinson Crusoe who was stranded on a deserted island for 28 years. The novel is a tale of survival, perseverance, and self-discovery.During his time on the island, Robinson Crusoe faced many challenges. He had to learn how to build shelter, find food and water, and protect himself from wild animals. He also had to deal with loneliness and isolation, which took a toll on his mental health.However, Robinson Crusoe was able to overcome these challenges by using his resourcefulness and determination. He built a home, cultivated crops, and even tamed a wild goat. He also created a calendar to keep track of time and developed a routine to maintain his mental and physical health.In addition to his survival skills, Robinson Crusoe also learned important lessons about life. He realized the value of hard work, the importance of faith, and the need for companionship. He also learned to appreciate the simple things in life, such as a warm fire and a good meal.Overall, Robinson Crusoe's story is a testament to the human spirit and our ability to overcome adversity. It serves as a reminder that even in the most difficult of circumstances, we can find strength and hope.中文:《鲁滨逊漂流记》是丹尼尔·笛福所写的经典小说,讲述了一个名叫鲁滨逊·克鲁索的男人在荒岛上流浪28年的故事。
我最喜欢的一本书是鲁滨逊漂流记英语作文
我最喜欢的一本书是鲁滨逊漂流记英语作文English: "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe is my favorite book. The classic tale of survival, adventure, and self-discovery follows the journey of Robinson Crusoe as he is shipwrecked on a deserted island and must learn to fend for himself. I was captivated by the story of resilience, resourcefulness, and the triumph of the human spirit in the face of adversity. The vivid descriptions of island life, Crusoe's innovative solutions to challenges, and his eventual companionship with Friday all resonated with me deeply. This book inspired me to appreciate the simple joys of life, value the importance of hard work and perseverance, and reminded me of the limitless possibilities of human ingenuity when faced with difficulties. The themes of isolation, self-reliance, and faith are timeless and continue to hold relevance in today's world, making "Robinson Crusoe" a truly remarkable and unforgettable literary masterpiece."中文翻译:《鲁滨逊漂流记》是我最喜欢的一本书。
英语作文我最喜爱的书《鲁滨逊漂流记》
My Favorite Book: Robinson Crusoe"Robinson Crusoe" is a timeless classic that has captivated readers for centuries. Its tale of survival and resilience in the face of adversity is not only thrilling but also deeply inspirational. As a lifelong bookworm, I have read countless novels, but none have left such a lasting impression on me as this adventure story.The story follows the journey of Robinson Crusoe, a man who is stranded on a deserted island after a shipwreck.Left alone with nothing but his wits and willpower, Crusoe must overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges to survive. He builds shelters, hunts for food, and learns to domesticate animals, all while constantly grappling with loneliness and despair.What I love most about this book is its portrayal of Crusoe's transformation from a pampered and selfish individual to a resilient and self-reliant survivor. His growth is not only physical but also spiritual, as he learns to appreciate the simple pleasures of life and the value of hard work. The book is a powerful reminder that,given the right attitude and perseverance, we can overcome any obstacle.Moreover, "Robinson Crusoe" is a masterful blend of adventure and philosophy. The author, Daniel Defoe, uses Crusoe's story as a platform to explore themes of isolation, companionship, and the meaning of life. The novel's themes are universal and timeless, resonating with readers across generations and cultures.The writing style of "Robinson Crusoe" is also noteworthy. Defoe's narrative is both engaging and believable, making it easy to imagine oneself in Crusoe's shoes. The vivid descriptions of the island and its inhabitants bring the story to life, making it impossibleto put down.Reading "Robinson Crusoe" has been a transformative experience for me. It has taught me the importance of resilience and self-reliance, and has inspired me to approach life's challenges with a renewed sense of optimism and courage. This book is not just a story; it's a manualfor survival and a guide to living a meaningful life.In conclusion, "Robinson Crusoe" is my favorite book because it combines the thrill of adventure with profound philosophical insights. It is a timeless tale that has the power to inspire and motivate readers of all ages. I highly recommend this book to anyone who loves a good adventure story or is seeking inspiration and wisdom in their own lives.**《鲁滨逊漂流记》是我最喜欢的书**《鲁滨逊漂流记》是一部跨越世纪的经典之作,它以其对逆境中求生的描写和坚韧不拔的精神,吸引了无数读者。
英语课文鲁滨逊漂流记
英语课文鲁滨逊漂流记Robinson Crusoe, a classic of English literature, tellsthe tale of a man's incredible journey of survival and resilience. The story, penned by Daniel Defoe and publishedin 1719, has captivated readers for centuries with its themes of isolation, ingenuity, and the human spirit's unyielding strength.Our protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, is a man of Englishorigin with a thirst for adventure. Despite his family's wishes for him to lead a comfortable life, Crusoe's heart yearns for the sea and the unknown. His first voyage is a disaster, as he is captured by pirates and sold into slavery. However, his spirit remains unbroken, and he eventually escapes, finding refuge among the Portuguese.Undeterred, Crusoe embarks on another journey, which proves fateful. A violent storm batters the ship, and all aboard are lost except for him. He finds himself the sole survivor on an uninhabited island, a castaway in the truest sense.The narrative then shifts to Crusoe's life on the island, where he must rely on his wits and resourcefulness to survive. He constructs a shelter, learns to farm, and evendomesticates animals, creating a self-sufficient existence.His journal entries, which form a significant part of the text, provide a candid look into his thoughts and thepsychological challenges he faces.One of the most compelling aspects of "Robinson Crusoe" is its exploration of the human condition. Crusoe's isolation forces him to confront his own mortality and the nature of existence. His relationship with Friday, a native he rescues from cannibals, adds a layer of complexity to the story, raising questions about civilization, savagery, and the colonial mindset.Defoe's novel is not just a tale of survival but also a critique of societal norms and the individual's place within them. It delves into the themes of loneliness, the will to live, and the transformative power of the human spirit in the face of adversity."Robinson Crusoe" remains a timeless work, its narrative as gripping today as it was in the 18th century. It is a testament to the power of storytelling and the enduring appeal of a story that speaks to the explorer in each of us.。
鲁宾逊漂流记英语简介
鲁宾逊漂流记英语简介鲁宾逊漂流记英语简介《鲁宾逊漂流记》这部小说是笛福受当时一个真实故事的启发而创作的。
下面小编为大家带来鲁宾逊漂流记英语简介,仅供参考,希望能够帮到大家。
鲁宾逊漂流记英语简介篇一:Robinson Crusoe was born into a respectable merchant family, eager to sail and to see abroad. He went out to sea with his father, and went to London to buy some fake beads and toys for business in Africa.On the fourth voyage, the ship encountered a storm on the way, and all the crew were killed. Only Robinson survived, drifting to a lonely island. He made the raft from the mast of the shipwreck, and again and again brought the food, clothes, and ammunition to the shore, and set up his tent to settle down. He then used sharpening wooden posts to fence around the tent and dig in after the tent. He used simple tools to make furniture such as tables, chairs and other furniture, hunting game for food, drinking fresh water in the stream, and having the initial difficulties.He began to grow barley and rice on the island, and made his own wooden mortar, pestle, sieve, and flour, and baked rough bread. He captured and domesticated wild goats and bred them. He also made pottery and other things to ensure his life was needed. A "country house" and a farm have been built on the other side of the desert island. Even so, Robinson has not given up on finding a way to leave the island. He cut down a big tree and spent five or six months making it into a canoe, but the boat was too heavy to drag the sea, so he had to abandon it andrebuild a small ship. After living on the island for 15 years, Crusoe found a footprint on the shore of the island. Soon he found traces of human bone and overgrowth, where a group of wild men had held a meat feast here. Robinson was stunned. Since then he has remained alert and more aware of the surroundings. Until the 24th year, a group of wildlings came to the island, carrying prisoners ready to kill and eat. Robinson rescued one of them after he found out. Because it was Friday, Robinson named the rescued prisoner "Friday". After that, "Friday" became Robinson's faithful servant and friend. Next, Robinson rescued a Spanish man and "Friday" father on Friday. Soon a British ship anchored near the island, the ship sailor insurgency, three people abandoned on the island, such as the captain and Robinson "Friday" help the captain overpowered the rebellion sailor, regain the ships. He left the sailors on the island, and returned to England with Friday and the captain. Robinson has been away from home for 35 years (28 years on the island). He married in England and had three children. After his wife's death, Robinson went out to business again, on the deserted island where he had lived, when the sailors and the spaniards who had stayed on the island had settled in their homes. Crusoe sent some new settlers, gave them the land of the island, and left them with all their daily necessities, leaving the island with satisfaction.鲁宾逊漂流记英语简介篇二:Robinson was born into a decent merchant family, eager to sail, and wanted to see abroad. He went out to sea with his father, and the first time he sailed, he encountered a great storm, and the ship sank, and he escaped with difficulty. I went out to Africa for a second time and made a fortune. The third time, unfortunately, was captured and enslaved by the moors. Then herowed his master's boat and was rescued by a Portuguese cargo ship. When he arrived in Brazil, he bought a manor and made a garden master. He would not be willing to get rich and go to sea again to sell slaves in Africa.On the way, the ship was struck by a storm, and all the sailors and passengers were killed. Only Robinson survived and drifted to an uninhabited island. He made the raft from the mast of the shipwreck, and again and again brought the food, clothes, guns and ammunition and tools to the shore, and set up his tent to settle down. He then used sharpening wooden posts to fence around the tent and dig in after the tent. He used simple tools to make furniture such as tables, chairs and other furniture, hunting game for food, drinking water from the stream, and getting through the initial difficulties.He began to grow barley and rice on the island, and made his own wooden mortar, pestle, sieve, and flour, and baked rough bread. He captured and domesticated wild goats and bred them. He also made pottery and other things to ensure his life was needed. Even so, Robinson has not given up on finding a way to leave the island. He cut down a big tree and spent five or six months making it into a canoe, but the boat was too heavy to drag the sea, so he had to abandon it and make a new one.After seventeen years of living on the island, Robinson found that the shores of the island were human and overcooked, and that a group of wild men from the island had held a meat feast here. Robinson was stunned. Since then he has remained alert and more aware of the surroundings. Until the 24th year, a group of wildlings came to the island, carrying prisoners ready to kill and eat. Robinson rescued one of them after he found out. Robinson named the rescued wild man "Friday". After that,"Friday" became Robinson's faithful servant and friend. Next, Robinson rescued a Spanish man and "Friday" father on Friday. Soon there was a British ship in the vicinity of the island, the ship was in trouble, and the captain and three others were abandoned on the island, and Robinson and "Friday" helped the captain to subdue the sailors and take back the ship. He left the sailors on the island, and returned to England with Friday and the captain. Robinson had been away for 35 years. He married in England and had three children. After his wife's death, Robinson went out to business again, on the deserted island where he had lived, when the sailors and the spaniards who had stayed on the island had settled in their homes. Crusoe sent the new settlers, gave them the island, and left them with all their daily necessities, and left the island with satisfaction.。
英语作文鲁滨逊漂流记
英语作文鲁滨逊漂流记Title: Robinson Crusoe"s Drifting JourneyIn the vast expanse of the ocean, a solitary figure was spotted on a desolate island, fighting against the odds.This was none other than Robinson Crusoe, a man whose courage and resilience knew no bounds.His fascinating tale of survival and perseverance has captivated readers for centuries.标题:鲁滨逊漂流记在浩瀚无垠的大海中,一个孤独的身影出现在荒无人烟的小岛上,与逆境抗争。
这个人就是鲁滨逊,一个勇敢无畏、坚韧不拔的男子。
他那充满生存与坚持的传奇故事,吸引了无数读者,经久不衰。
One day, a sudden storm shipwrecked Crusoe on a mysterious island, separating him from civilization.The once wealthy merchant found himself alone, with only his wits and determination to rely on.He had to adapt to the primitive lifestyle, overcoming obstacles and challenges that seemed insurmountable.有一天,一场突如其来的暴风雨将鲁滨逊卷入了一个神秘的小岛,使他远离了文明世界。
这位曾经的富商发现自己孤立无援,只能依靠智慧和决心。
他不得不适应原始的生活方式,克服看似无法逾越的困难和挑战。
鲁宾逊漂流记英文介绍
Lubin Sun was born businessman a decent family and for navigation, bent to some overseas experience. He Manzhe father of the sea, sailing on the first encountered big waves, the ship sank, his life is not easy to escape. The second African business to the sea, earned a sum of money. Third Youzao Unfortunately, Moore was captured people, as a slave. He later designated the owner of the boat escaped, while one Portuguese vessel was rescued. Ship to Brazil, where he bought a manor, and done a Zhuangyuan Zhu. He can not be reconciled in this to become rich, the sea again, to the African slave trade.Ship ran aground in the storm encountered on their way, the sailors on board, killing all passengers, who survived only Lubin Sun, Yao alone Piaoliu to a no smoke on the island. He used the boat to the mast of the raft, again and again to ship food, clothing, guns and ammunition, tools, etc. transported to the shore, and put up tents in the hills while to settle down. Then he used the woodpiles Xiaojian in tents around the tube on the fence, after Wadong living in tents. He used simple tools produced tables and chairs and other furniture, hunting game for food, drink the water in the river, through the initial difficulties encountered.He began in barley and rice cultivation on the island, home-made wooden acetabulum, Muchu, sieve, processing flour, baking bread from the rough. Ye Shanyang his capture and domestication, breeding them. He also produced pottery, etc., and ensure their daily needs. Nevertheless, Lubin Sun has not given up looking for a way to leave the island. He cut down a tree and spent five of the six-month period caused a canoe, but the boat is too heavy, can not be dragged to sea, but wasted, another re-create a small.Lubin Sun on the island live alone 17 years later, one day, he found on the coast of the island side are human bones, the Health and fire, the originalgroup of Savage Island, has been held here in superb meat feast. Lubin Sun dismay him. Since then he has to remain vigilant, more careful around things. Until the 24, a group of wild man on the island again, with preparations for killing, eating the prisoners. Lubin Sun found and rescued one of them. Lubin Sun to the natives rescued named "Friday." Since then, "Friday" has become Lubin Sun faithful servant and friend. Then, Lubin Sun with "Friday" was rescued by a Spanish and "Friday" the father. Of a British ship near the island near the park, sailors on board to make trouble, the captain, and other three abandoned on the island, Lubin Sun and "Friday" to help the captain subdued那帮sailors and regain the vessel. He那帮sailors to stay on the island, with its "Friday" and the captain returned to the United Kingdom, and so leave the desert island. Sun has been away from home at this time Lubin 35. He got married in the United Kingdom end, the Health and the three children. After the death of his wife, Lubin Sun agreed tosea again, he lived via the desert island, then stay on the island and the sailors home to the Spaniards have settled down and multiply. Lubin Sun also sent a new immigration, the island's land to them and left them all kinds of daily necessities, with satisfaction that left the island.Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) has been well known as the writer of Robinson Crusoe among readers of different generations all over the world. But this novel has often been taken as an adventure story by common readers, while critics usually emphasize its portrayal of the capitalist ambition during the beginning stage of the development of capitalism. Both groups of readers tend to overlook its religious, spiritual and moral aspects, which take up a large proportion of the novel. This thesis seeks to explore the conflicts and also the possibility of reconciliation between two important sides of human existence as expressed in Robinson Crusoe: man as an economic being and man as a spiritualbeing, and concludes that, only under proper spiritual guidance can man achieve due material civilization with economic prosperity, while retaining a wholesome individuality. Therefore, through his adventures Robinson is also undergoing a pilgrim’s spiritual progress.读后感Robinson, a figure I admire the endless, he isworld-famous early explorers, his childhood love at sea, grew up, he went sailing with friends, but they all failed. Once again, his departure from Brazil, in the sailing event in a huge tsunami and storms, all the ship, unless he was a man, all were drowned, and he alone in that there is no human habitation in the island have lived entire twenty-eight years after month. Finally and some more experienced.people from outside the fighting, returned to Brazil. Reading this book, I have strong feelings that a person must have what kind of perseverance, before they can once again back on its feet from the failure; have the courage to what can a person live on that deserted island twenty-eight years after month. I think this is because he always had a firm belief, so he can overcome thedifficulties one by one to create a miracle. In real life, everyone will encounter many difficulties in this highly competitive society, the only thing we can do is to overcome those stumbling blocks, in the plight tenaciously survive, and only then, we have the potential to become a successful. Remember the phrase poems? "Wild fire entirely in spring life." It was grass, in the face of adversity a true portrayal of brave survive. Since even the grass can be, how can we not? Living life, it is important not to enjoy pleasure, but to endure the pain. Adversity is a stepping stone of success, of course, it is only for those who dare to claim to overcome the difficulties. Those cowardly people who will never have any real success.My friends, if I were him, and when the ship encountered the storm, I will do everything he did and go forward regardless? I think, maybe I will not, because I am too weak, fear of failure, because I covet your neighbor to the warmth of their parents, fear of living alone.If I were him, and when a person living on a desert island, I would like him to survive, as do the brave? I think Iwill not, because I do not have that capability, but also used by parents to bear all for me.If I were him, and when you see the savage with the opening dinner companion, I would like him the courage to stand out? I'm like, I will not. Because by then I will pray for his safe.All in all, all I have to admit their own weakness and incompetence. But everything will be after I read his story changed. I will learn to grow up a person, a person to face.Although there is a long path in life the pain of failure, but also the joy of success. As long as I believe that they can overcome the difficulties and the dawn of victorywill eventually come. And that has experienced trials and hardships of the rainbow will be even more brilliant!Robinson Crusoe is a youth of about eighteen years old who resides in Hull, England. Although his father wishes him to become a lawyer, Crusoe dreams of going on sea voyages. He disregards the fact that his two older brothers are gone because of their need for adventure. His father cautions that a middle-class existence is themost stable. Robinson ignores him. When his parents refuse to let him take at least one journey, he runs away with a friend and secures free passage to London. Misfortune begins immediately, in the form of rough weather. The ship is forced to land at Yarmouth. When Crusoe's friend learns the circumstances under which he left his family, he becomes angry and tells him that he should have never come to the sea. They part, and Crusoe makes his way to London via land. He thinks briefly about going home, but cannot stand to be humiliated. He manages to find another voyage headed to Guiana. Once there, he wants to become a trader. On the way, the ship is attacked by Turkish pirates, who bring the crew and passengers into the Moorish port of Sallee. Robinson is made a slave. For two years he plans an escape. An opportunity is presented when he is sent out with two Moorish youths to go fishing. Crusoe throws one overboard, and tells the other one, called Xury, that he may stay if he is faithful. They anchor on what appears to be uninhabited land. Soon they see that black people live there. These natives are very friendly to Crusoe and Xury. At one point, the two see a Portugueseship in the distance. They manage to paddle after it and get the attention of those on board. The captain is kind and says he will take them aboard for free and bring them to Brazil.Robinson goes to Brazil and leaves Xury with the captain. The captain and a widow in England are Crusoe's financial guardians. In the new country, Robinson observes that much wealth comes from plantations. He resolves to buy one for himself. After a few years, he has some partners, and they are all doing very well financially. Crusoe is presented with a new pro begin a trading business. These men want to trade slaves, and they want Robinson to be the master of the tradepost. Although he knows he has enough money, Crusoe decides to make the voyage. A terrible shipwreck occurs and Robinson is the only survivor. He manages to make it to the shore of an island.Robinson remains on the island for twenty-seven years. He is able to take many provisions from the ship. In that time, he recreates his English life, building homes,necessities, learning how to cook, raise goats and crops. He is at first very miserable, but embraces religion as a balm for his unhappiness. He is able to convince himself that he lives a much better life here than he did in Europe--much more simple, much less wicked. He comes to appreciate his sovereignty over the entire island. One time he tries to use a boat to explore the rest of the island, but he is almost swept away, and does not make the attempt again. He has pets whom he treats as subjects. There is no appearance of man until about 15 years into his stay. He sees a footprint, and later observes cannibalistic savages eating prisoners. They don't live on the island; they come in canoes from a mainland not too far away. Robinson is filled with outrage, and resolves to save the prisoners the next time these savages appear. Some years later they return. Using his guns, Crusoe scares them away and saves a young savage whom he names Friday.Friday is extremely grateful and becomes Robinson's devoted servant. He learns some English and takes on the Christian religion. For some years the two live happily.Then, another ship of savages arrives with three prisoners. Together Crusoe and Friday are able to save two of them. One is a Spaniard; the other is Friday's father. Their reunion is very joyous. Both have come from the mainland close by. After a few months, they leave to bring back the rest of the Spaniard's men. Crusoe is happy that his island is being peopled. Before the Spaniard and Friday's father can return, a boat of European men comes ashore. There are three prisoners. While most of the men are exploring the island, Crusoe learns from one that he is the captain of a ship whose crew mutinied. Robinson says he will help them as long as they leave the authority of the island in his hands, and as long as they promise to take Friday and himself to England for free. The agreement is made. Together this little army manages to capture the rest of the crew and retake the captain's ship. Friday and Robinson are taken to England. Even though Crusoe has been gonethirty-five years, he finds that his plantations have done well and he is very wealthy. He gives money to the Portuguese captain and the widow who were so kind to him. He returns to the English countryside and settlesdies, he once more goes to the sea.。
我喜欢的一本书是鲁滨逊漂流记英语作文
我喜欢的一本书是鲁滨逊漂流记英语作文(中英文实用版)My favorite book is "Robinson Crusoe" written by Daniel Defoe.This renowned novel has captivated readers for centuries with its thrilling tale of survival and resilience.我最喜欢的一本书是丹尼尔·笛福所著的《鲁滨逊漂流记》。
这部闻名遐迩的小说凭借其扣人心弦的生存故事和坚韧不拔的精神,吸引了数世纪的读者。
The story revolves around the protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, who gets stranded on a remote island after a shipwreck.His struggle against the forces of nature and his own inner fears makes for a gripping narrative.故事围绕着主人公鲁滨逊·克鲁索展开,他在遭遇海难后,被困在了一个偏远的荒岛上。
他与自然力量以及内心恐惧的斗争构成了一个引人入胜的叙述。
One of the reasons I adore this book is its ability to highlight the importance of adaptability and self-reliance.Crusoe"s journey demonstrates that with determination and resourcefulness, one can overcome even the most daunting challenges.我喜爱这本书的原因之一是它突出了适应性和自力更生的重要性。
鲁宾逊漂流记 Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe
Eventually Robinson and Friday become good friends and they spend time exchanging stories of what and why their cultures do certain things. Friday informs Crusoe that there are other captives where the cannibals are stationed. They decide to then go and try to rescue them from being eaten.
Robinson Crusoe
While in England Crusoe joins up with a wealthy merchant ship. Unfortunately things don’t go well for him. The ship is seized by Moorish pirates, and Robinson is enslaved to a potentate in Northern Africa. Eventually Crusoe and a slave boy escape while on a fishing expedition and are picked up by a Portuguese ship.
Robinson Crusoe
Crusoe over learns to live in these surroundings. He uses what's left of the ship to build and gather food. He even befriends a parrot and a goat while on the island. During this time he lives peacefully and as happy as you can on the island.
鲁宾逊漂流记(英文版)
Loneliness
Depression
Adaptation and acceptance
Robinson experienced extreme loneliness during his isolation on the island. He missed human contact and the society of other people.
Robinson Crusoe
01
Robinson's Background and the Beginning of Adventure
Robinson's Life Background
Birth and Family
Robinson was born into a middleclass family in a small town. His father was a merchant who exported goods to various parts of the world. Robinson had an elder brother who followed in their father's footsteps.
Observation of wildlife
Robinson observed the behavior of the island's animals and used this knowledge to adapt his lifestyle and ensure his safety.
Robinson's Psychological Changes
重新适应社会
鲁滨逊回到家乡后,面临着重新适应社会的 问题。他经历了文化冲击和心理调适的过程 ,逐渐适应了文明社会的生活。
鲁滨逊漂流记英文介绍
鲁滨逊漂流记英语介绍1Robinson Crusoe is a remarkable story that has captured the hearts of readers for generations. The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, finds himself stranded on a deserted island after a shipwreck. Alone and facing numerous challenges, he demonstrates remarkable resilience and determination to survive.To obtain food, Robinson Crusoe had to explore the island, hunt wild animals, and gather fruits and nuts. He also learned to fish in the nearby waters, ensuring a constant supply of sustenance. The task of building a shelter was no easy feat either. Using only the resources available on the island, he crafted a crude but functional abode to protect himself from the elements.During his long and lonely stay on the island, Robinson Crusoe often struggled with feelings of isolation and despair. However, he managed to maintain a positive mindset by keeping himself occupied with various tasks and constantly envisioning a future rescue. He documented his experiences in a journal, which not only served as a form of self-expression but also helped him stay sane.Overall, Robinson Crusoe's story is a testament to the human spirit's ability to overcome adversity and adapt to the most challengingcircumstances. It inspires us to face our own difficulties with courage and optimism.2Robinson Crusoe is an extraordinary adventure story that has captured the hearts and imaginations of readers for generations. The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, finds himself in a series of thrilling and challenging situations. One of the most hair-raising moments is when he encounters a fierce storm at sea, which leads to the shipwreck. The violent waves toss the vessel around, and Robinson is left struggling to survive in the tumultuous ocean. Another exciting scene is when he has a nerve-wracking confrontation with wild savages. He shows immense courage and wit as he defends himself and his makeshift home on the isolated island. Robinson's resourcefulness and determination are evident throughout his time alone. He ingeniously builds a shelter, grows food, and tames wild animals to sustain himself. The story is not only about survival but also about self-discovery and growth. It teaches us the importance of perseverance and the ability to adapt to unexpected circumstances. Robinson's adventures make us believe that with courage and a positive mindset, one can overcome even the most daunting challenges.3Robinson Crusoe is a remarkable novel that has captured the heartsand minds of readers for generations. It tells the story of Robinson, who is stranded on a deserted island and must rely on his wits, bravery, and perseverance to survive.Robinson shows extraordinary courage in the face of numerous challenges. He is not afraid to confront wild beasts or harsh weather conditions. His tenacity is evident as he refuses to give up, constantly working to build a shelter, grow food, and find ways to stay alive. His wisdom is also remarkable, as he learns to adapt to his environment and make the best use of the limited resources available to him.This story holds great significance for readers. It teaches us that in the face of difficulties, we should remain optimistic and never lose hope. No matter how desperate the situation seems, there is always a way out if we have the will to persevere. Robinson's experiences encourage us to be brave and resourceful when dealing with life's hardships.In conclusion, Robinson Crusoe is not just an adventure tale but a profound source of inspiration. It reminds us of the power of the human spirit to overcome adversity and create a meaningful life even in the most challenging circumstances.4The story of Robinson Crusoe is a literary masterpiece that has left an indelible mark on the landscape of English literature. It holds a significant position, not only for its captivating narrative but also for its profoundinfluence on subsequent literary works.Set against the backdrop of a remote and uninhabited island, the tale of Robinson Crusoe showcases the human spirit's resilience and the power of determination in the face of extreme adversity. It offers a vivid portrayal of survival, self-reliance, and the quest for meaning in isolation.In the history of English literature, this novel stands out as a pioneering work that explored themes of adventure and self-discovery in a unique and compelling way. It paved the way for many subsequent authors to delve into similar subjects, inspiring them to create works that celebrate the human capacity to overcome challenges and find purpose in the most trying circumstances.The character of Robinson Crusoe has become an icon, representing the indomitable will and the ability to adapt and thrive in the harshest of environments. His story has the power to inspire readers of all ages, encouraging them to confront their own difficulties with courage and optimism.Overall, Robinson Crusoe is not merely a story but a profound exploration of the human condition, making it a timeless and invaluable contribution to the world of literature.5Robinson Crusoe is a renowned literary masterpiece that has captured the hearts and minds of readers for generations. The story presents a richtapestry of characters, with Robinson himself standing out as a complex and multi-faceted figure.Robinson is a man of determination and resilience. Despite facing numerous hardships and isolation on the deserted island, he refuses to give up. His resourcefulness is evident as he learns to hunt, grow food, and build a shelter to survive. However, he also shows moments of doubt and fear, revealing his human vulnerabilities.Another important character is Friday, whose presence has a significant impact on the narrative. Friday's loyalty and companionship not only alleviate Robinson's loneliness but also bring a new dynamic to the story. Through their interaction, Robinson's character undergoes further development as he assumes the role of a mentor and friend.The characterizations in Robinson Crusoe are not merely fictional constructs but offer profound insights into human nature. They showcase the capacity for survival, the struggle with inner demons, and the power of human connection in the face of adversity. This makes the story not just an adventure but a profound exploration of the human spirit.。
漂流记鲁滨逊英语作文
漂流记鲁滨逊英语作文Robinson Crusoe, a novel by Daniel Defoe, tells the tale of a man's incredible journey of survival and self-discovery. The story begins with the protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, who, against the wishes of his family, embarks on a life at sea. After a series of unfortunate events and a terrifying storm, he finds himself the sole survivor of a shipwreck, stranded on a deserted island.Crusoe's initial days on the island are marked by despair and desperation. However, his resourcefulness and determination shine through as he begins to adapt to his new environment. He secures shelter by carving out a cave in the hillside, sources food by hunting and farming, and even domesticates a parrot for companionship.As years pass, Crusoe's life on the island becomes increasingly structured. He establishes a daily routine, creates furniture from the ship's wreckage, and even produces pottery and other necessities. His journaling becomes a means of maintaining his sanity and hope for rescue.The turning point in Crusoe's isolation comes when he discovers footprints on the beach, indicating the presence of other humans on the island. This revelation introduces a new level of danger as he encounters cannibals and decides to defend his territory. Eventually, he befriends a native whom he names "Friday," after the day of the week they met. Fridaybecomes his loyal companion and ally.The narrative of Robinson Crusoe is not just a story of physical survival but also a profound exploration of the human spirit's resilience. It delves into themes of loneliness, the will to live, and the transformative power of isolation. Crusoe's character evolves from a reckless adventurer to a wise and thoughtful man, whose experiences have taught him the value of life and the importance of companionship.In conclusion, Robinson Crusoe's tale is a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers with its gripping narrative and profound insights into human nature. It serves as a reminder that even in the most dire circumstances, the human spirit can prevail through ingenuity, perseverance, and the unyielding hope for a better tomorrow.。
英语作文鲁滨逊漂流记
英语作文鲁滨逊漂流记In the remote corners of the world, where the waves crash against the shore and the sun beats down relentlessly, Robinson Crusoe found himself adrift on an unknown island. The pages of Daniel Defoe's timeless novel, "Robinson Crusoe," unfold a tale of survival, resilience, and the human spirit's triumph over adversity. This story, morethan a mere adventure, is a profound exploration of man's relationship with nature, society, and his own inner world. Robinson Crusoe, a castaway from a shipwreck, is leftto fend for himself on a desolate island. With no companionship save for a parrot named Friday and the occasional visit of a wild goat, Robinson must rely solely on his wits and resourcefulness to survive. He builds shelters, hunts for food, and crafts tools from whatever he can find. Day by day, he transforms the barren island intoa makeshift home, creating a microcosm of civilization in the midst of nature's wilderness.Robinson's journey is not just a physical one; it is also an emotional and spiritual odyssey. His isolationforces him to reevaluate his values, his purpose, and hisrelationship with the outside world. His initial panic and despair give way to acceptance and, eventually, a profound sense of peace. He finds solace in the simplicity of life, learning to appreciate the small pleasures and the wonders of nature. His transformation from a man of society to a man of nature is both remarkable and poignant.The story's power lies in its ability to resonate with readers across time and cultures. Robinson's plight speaks to the fundamental human instincts of survival and the resilience of the human spirit. His story reminds us that, no matter how dire the situation, there is always a way to persevere and find meaning in life.In the face of adversity, Robinson Crusoe teaches us that our survival is not solely determined by external factors; it is also shaped by our inner strength, our willpower, and our ability to adapt. His story is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and a reminder that, even in the most desolate and hopeless of situations, there is always a spark of life that can be nurtured and grown into a flame of hope.**鲁滨逊漂流记:生存与韧性的旅程**在世界遥远的角落,海浪拍打着岸边,阳光无情地炙烤着大地,鲁滨逊·克鲁索发现自己漂流到了一个未知的岛屿上。
我最喜欢的书鲁滨逊漂流记英语作文80词
我最喜欢的书鲁滨逊漂流记英语作文1When it comes to my favorite book, Robinson Crusoe undoubtedly takes the top spot. This captivating tale has left an indelible mark on my heart and mind.The story follows Robinson Crusoe, who finds himself stranded on a deserted island. Despite the seemingly insurmountable odds, he demonstrates remarkable wisdom and courage to survive. He ingeniously builds a shelter, hunts for food, and even domesticates wild animals. One incident that particularly stands out to me is when he manages to grow crops on the barren land. This shows his perseverance and determination, not giving up even in the face of extreme adversity.The way Robinson Crusoe overcomes each challenge has greatly inspired and motivated me. It has taught me that with a positive attitude and unwavering willpower, one can conquer any difficulties. It has made me believe that no matter how tough the situation is, there is always a way out if we are resourceful and brave.This book has not only entertained me with its thrilling adventures but also instilled in me valuable life lessons. It has made me understand the importance of self-reliance and the power of the human spirit to persevere. Every time I think of Robinson Crusoe's story, I am filled with a newfoundsense of courage and the determination to face life's challenges head-on.2When I think of the books that have left a profound mark on my life, Robinson Crusoe undoubtedly stands out. This remarkable novel has been a constant companion and a source of inspiration during my growth.The story of Robinson Crusoe stranded on a deserted island and his unwavering determination to survive against all odds has deeply touched me. Time and again, when faced with difficulties in my life, I have drawn strength from Robinson's indomitable spirit. Remember the time when I struggled to master a complex math problem that seemed insurmountable? Just as Robinson did not give up in the face of scarcity and isolation, I refused to be defeated by the numbers and formulas. I persevered, spending countless hours studying and practicing, until I finally cracked the code.Another instance was when I had to organize a school event all by myself. It felt overwhelming at first, but then I recalled how Robinson ingeniously utilized the resources available on the island to build a sustainable life. Inspired by him, I made a detailed plan, allocated tasks efficiently, and coordinated with my classmates. In the end, the event turned out to be a great success.Robinson Crusoe has taught me that no matter how difficult the circumstances, as long as one has the will to survive and the courage to act, there is always a way out. It has instilled in me the values of perseverance,resourcefulness, and optimism, which I believe will continue to guide me through life's challenges. This book is not just a story; it is a guiding light that has shaped my character and helped me overcome numerous obstacles.3I have read many books, but "Robinson Crusoe" has always held a special place in my heart. This remarkable story has captured my imagination and left a profound impact on me.The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, is a man of indomitable spirit and remarkable courage. His determination to survive against all odds on a deserted island is truly inspiring. His resourcefulness and adaptability are traits that I deeply admire. For instance, when faced with the lack of food and shelter, he did not give up but used his wits to find solutions. He learned to hunt, grow crops, and build a shelter, demonstrating an unwavering will to live.The description of the isolated island in the book is also fascinating. The wildness and beauty of the island filled my mind with vivid images and thoughts. It made me think about the power of nature and the importance of human's ability to coexist with it. I imagined myself in Robinson's shoes, experiencing the solitude and the challenges of the unknown.This book has not only entertained me but also taught me valuable lessons. It has shown me the importance of perseverance, self-reliance, andthe never-ending pursuit of hope in the face of difficulties. Every time I read it, I discover something new and gain more inspiration. "Robinson Crusoe" will always be my favorite book, guiding me and inspiring me in my own life journey.4When I think back to the books that have left a profound impact on me, "Robinson Crusoe" undoubtedly stands out. It's a story that has transformed my perspective and shaped my personality in more ways than one.I first picked up this book out of curiosity, drawn by the promise of adventure on a deserted island. As I delved deeper into the pages, I was completely captivated by Robinson's resilience and determination. He faced countless hardships and challenges alone, yet never gave up. This inspired me to become braver in the face of difficulties in my own life. I started to confront my fears head-on, whether it was speaking in public or trying out new activities.Moreover, the book instilled in me a sense of independence. I learned that relying on oneself and one's own skills is crucial. Just like Robinson, I began to take on tasks independently, such as solving problems on my own and making decisions without constantly seeking others' opinions."Robinson Crusoe" also kindled my passion for reading. After finishing this book, I developed an insatiable appetite for adventure novels.I sought out similar stories, eager to explore more unknown worlds and experience the thrill of adventure through the pages.In conclusion, "Robinson Crusoe" is not just a book for me; it's a guiding light that has led me to become a more courageous and independent person, and has ignited my love for reading and exploration.5Robinson Crusoe has always held a special place in my heart as my most beloved book. This remarkable tale is not just a story of survival but a profound exploration of the human spirit and its resilience.The book presents Robinson's solitary existence on a deserted island as a philosophical journey. His determination to overcome countless hardships and his ability to adapt to an environment completely foreign to him teach us that the human will can conquer even the most daunting circumstances. Every decision he makes, from finding food to building shelter, reflects a deep understanding of necessity and resourcefulness. It makes me realize that in the face of adversity, we should not surrender but use our intelligence and courage to forge a path forward.From a literary perspective, the vivid descriptions and detailed accounts of Robinson's experiences draw the reader into his world. The author's masterful storytelling weaves a narrative that is both captivating and educational. It showcases the power of language to bring to life the most extraordinary circumstances and make them relatable to our own lives.In conclusion, Robinson Crusoe is not merely a book; it is a guide that inspires us to face life's challenges with optimism and tenacity. It reminds us of the potential within ourselves and the limitless possibilities that lie ahead when we refuse to give up. This is why it remains my favorite and will continue to be a source of inspiration for years to come.。
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(Para23-25)
by 李家宸 李乾 李俊辰 王禹涛
new words (Para23)
• My next concern was to get me a stone mortar(研钵) to stamp(捣碎) or beat some corn in; for as to the mill, there was no thought of arriving at that perfection of art with one pair of hands. To supply this want, I was at a great loss; for, of all the trades in the world, I was as perfectly unqualified for a stone-cutter as for any whatever; neither had I any tools to go about it with. I spent many a day to find out a great stone big enough to cut hollow, and make fit for a mortar, and could find none at all, except what was in the solid rock, and which I had no way to dig or cut out; nor indeed were the rocks in the island of hardness sufficient, but were all of a sandy, crumbling stone, which neither would bear the weight of a heavy pestle(捣杵), nor would break the corn without filling it with sand.
new words (Para24)
• Linen(亚麻布) I had none left but what was mere rags(破布); I had goat's hair, but neither knew how to weave(编织) it or spin(纺纱)it; and had I known how, here were no tools to work it with. All the remedy (补救)that I found for this was, that at last I did remember I had, among the seamen's clothes which were saved out of the ship, some neckcloths of calico(印花 棉布) or muslin(棉布); and with some pieces of these I made three small sieves proper enough for the work; and thus I made shift for some years: how I did afterwards, I shall show in its place.
new words (Para25)
• The baking part was the next thing to be considered, and how I should make bread when I came to have corn; for first, I had no yeast. As to that part, there was no supplying the want, so I did not concern myself much about it. But for an oven I was indeed in great pain. At length I found out an experiment for that also, which was this: I made some earthen-vessels(土制的容器) very broad but not deep, that is to say, about two feet diameter, and not above nine inches deep. These I burned in the fire, as I had done the other, and laid them by; and when I wanted to bake, I made a great fire upon my hearth, which I had paved with some square tiles of my own baking and burning also; but I should not call them square.
main idea
• 第一段:需要一 个石臼舂粮食,起 初想用岩石做,但 种种尝试后还是失 败了。最终还是选 用木头作为原材料 做成了臼,用铁树 做成了杵。然后就 可以舂谷做面粉。
main idea
• 第二段:需要做一个筛子把面粉和糠分开, 但岛上没有合适的材料。只有用船上水手 的衣服做了三个小筛子。 • 第三段:用陶器大瓦盆做容器,完成了做 面包的基本准备工作。
comments
• 我们可以借鉴罗宾逊身上的某些东西,如 勇敢奋斗,勇敢采取行动,敢于挑战,并 有追求幸福的勇气等等。如果我们能做到 像鲁滨逊那样,当我们面临困难时决不退 缩,并且有着可以解决任何问题的信心, 也只有这样,我们才可以强壮我们自己, 用我们自己的双手创造出We can learn something from Crusoe Robinson, such as brave to struggle, brave to act, dare to challenge, and have the courage to pursue, I think if we can do something like Crusoe Robinson, never retreat back when we face the difficult, but have this kind of confidence that we can solve any problem. And only in this way, I think, can we strong ourselves and creat a new life by our own hands.
new words (Para24)
• My next difficulty was to make a sieve(筛子) or searce, to dress my meal, and to part it from the bran(糠) and the husk(皮;壳); without which I did not see it possible I could have any bread. This was a most difficult thing even to think on, for to be sure I had nothing like the necessary thing to make it-I mean fine thin canvas or stuff to searce the meal through. And here I was at a full stop for many months; nor did I really know what to do.
new words (Para23)
• So, after a great deal of time lost in searching for a stone, I gave it over, and resolved to look out for a great block of hard wood, which I found, indeed, much easier; and getting one as big as I had strength to stir, I rounded it, and formed it on the outside with my axe and hatchet(小斧), and then with the help of fire and infinite labour, made a hollow place in it, as the Indians in Brazil make their canoes(独木舟). After this, I made a great heavy pestle or beater of the wood called the iron-wood; and this I prepared and laid by against I had my next crop of corn, which I proposed to myself to grind(磨碎), or rather pound into meal to make bread.