HistoryoftheEnglishLanguage.ppt

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HistoryoftheEnglishLanguage英语史全英文演讲

The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.
Middle English中古英语 (1100-1500)
In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part
Renaissance
文艺复兴的心脏——佛罗伦萨
Hamlet's famous "To be, or not to be" lines,
written in Early Modern English by Shakespeare.
Some words from other languages
Greek: geometry
astronomy botany catastrophe thermometer
French:comrade alloy surpass Spanish:banana coco mosquito Latin: violin pizza capsule habitual
e.g. lagu (O.E) = law (Mi.E) = lag ( old Norse)
plicate change of words’ shape——
e.g. mona(=moon) was masculine, while sunne(=sun) was feminine and tungol(=star) was neuter
of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer乔叟 (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

英语发展史

英译汉
在8世纪末，斯堪的那维亚人攻占英国。战争持续了将近200年。在这个时期，很多拉丁语、丹麦和古斯堪的那维亚的单词融入英语。象炊具和杯子与生活息息相关一样，拉丁语给了英语很多单词。从丹麦语和古斯堪的那维亚语中，英国人借鉴过来了皮肤、腿、以及各种词格的代词"他们"、"他们的"。来自古斯堪的那维亚语的很多同义词统一到英语中，例如，愤怒(英语的wrath和古斯堪的那维亚语的anger)；生病(英语的sick和古斯堪的那维亚语的ill)，都在英语中进行了统一。
大量的法语词的涌入，也使英语词汇起了词义变化。有一些英语固有的词被淘汰掉了，有一些虽然还存在，但词义范围有所改变，或者带上特有的文体色彩和感情色彩。例如：wed在古英语中作“结婚”解，但在中古英语时期传入了法语词”merry”，英语中“结婚”这一意义渐渐由marry来表示，wed只用在引申意义中了；它的动名词 wedding还是一个常用的词，但只限于指“婚礼”。带有不同文体意义的பைடு நூலகம்语本族语词与法语并存，组成了英语中特有的同义词群格式。
The language historian divides English history into three times:
1、Ancient English
（又称盎格鲁-萨克森时期公元450—1100年）
The history of the English language began over 1500 years ago in the north of Europe. Around the fifth century A.D., tribes of people known as the Angels, Saxons, and Jutes traveled west from Germany and Denmark across the North Sea. They settled in Britain, and by the late seventh century, they were speaking an early form of the English.

人教版高中英语必修一 Unit2 《English around the world---Reading》课件 (共27张ppt).ppt

Conclusion
Language can change with time.
Language can change
time
when cultures
communicate with
each other.
place
Some people say that Chinese is a much more elegant language, so it is more important for us to master it and it is not so necessary to master foreign language. Do you agree with this opinion and why?
Noah Webster Born: October 16, 1758 Died: May 28, 1843 When Noah was 43, he started writing the first American dictionary. He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled, pronounced and used words differently.
3 ____ will tell if Chinese English develop its own identity. A time B people
Thinking
Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes?
“Only time will tell”.
Choose the main idea of the text.

英国文学史简介课件

• In the field of literature, enlightenmenters believed that the artistic should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy . seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expression, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. • Neoclassicism. A revival in literature in the late 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason, form, and restraint.
Achievements

Poetry Much of old English poetry was probably intended to be chanted, with harp (a kind of instrument in Chinese means 竖琴) accompaniment, by Anglo-Saxon scop (poet in Chinese means 吟游诗人), often bold and strong, but also mournful and elegiac (sad) in spirit. Major achievement: Beowulf
What is Literature?
Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences. Literature shows us not only what a society is like in a certain age, but also what individuals feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.

《历史视界下的英语》课件

English pronunciation has undergone significant changes throughout its history, including the Great Vowel Shift and the development of regional dialects.
The renowned playwright's works are considered a highlight in the development of English, showcasing the language's rich vocabulary and expressive power.
PPT courseware for "English from a Historical Pers
CATALOGUE
目录
The Historical Origins of EnglishThe Development of EnglishThe Global Spread and Influence of EnglishThe Evolution of English Language CharacteristicsEnglish and Cultural ExchangeOutlook for Future English
Prediction 2
English will continue to be a language of cultural exchange and understanding between nations.
Prediction 3
English will see more innovations in teaching methods and materials to meet the needs of learners in the digital age.

英语的起源发展和演变

词汇方面的变化
• 词汇变化主要体现为量的剧增和新词的使用英语词汇主要通过以下几种途径得以丰富自己：
• 旧词新义generalization如：动词park停放;原是军事用语;专指停放炮车当汽车工业高度发展后;人们自然将其词义扩大;使park获得新义;并由此产生了parking lot露天停车场;parking meter停车计时器;parker停车的人;parking ticket警察给违反停车规则者的传票等
The History of English Language
•
The history of English is conventionally; if perhaps too neatly; divided into three periods usually called Old or
AngloSaxon English; Middle English; and Modern English The earliest period begins with the migration of certain
语义方面的变化
• 词义扩大extension of meaning如：bribery 原指残羹剩饭赏给乞丐的面包片;今天则可泛指行贿受贿；grass widow 原指未婚但有私生子的女子;今天除了保留原义外; 还可指与丈夫暂时分居的女子;并可泛指任何离婚的女子等
• 词义缩小narrowing of meaning如：wife最早可泛指妇女;今天则专指妻子夫人； meat原先可泛指饮食;今天则专指肉类等
第一部标准英语大词典问世
• １７１８世纪的英语逐渐走向规范化标准化 1755年;塞缪尔·约翰逊 Samual Johnson;1709─1784编纂的英语词典 A Dictionary of the English Language问世此前英国某些学者也曾试图编辑字典比如;１６０４年罗伯特·考德雷Robert Cawdrey曾出版英语单词字母顺序表A Table of Alphabetical English Words 一书;收词３０００个;全书仅１２０页;着重对常用的外来语词汇进行注释１７２１年;纳撒内尔·贝Nathanial Bailey出版了通用词源字典Universal Etymological Dictionary;这是一本着重于词源的字典然而;就其规模体例和实用价值而言;在约翰逊的英语词典问世之前的那些词书还只能算作词典编辑的雏形因此;我们常把约翰逊的英语词典看作英国历史上第一部用英语解释的收词广泛的具有权威性的标准英语大词典这部词典的诞生;大大促进了英国语言的规范化和标准化

英语发展史 the history of English

英语的历史从1500多年前的北欧开始。在公元5世纪左右，称为盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人的部落从德国和丹麦旅行向西过北海。他们迁入英国，并在7世纪末以前，他们所讲的即为早期形式的英语。
In the late eighth century, the Vikings attacked England. Fighting continued for years. During this time, almost two hundred many Latin, Danish, and Norse words entered the English language. Latin gave English words like kitchen and cup. From Danish and Norse, English borrowed skin, leg, they. many synonyms from the Norse language became integrated into English, for example, wrath(English),anger(Norse);sick(English),i ll(Norse).
古英语的词汇有着浓厚的日尔曼语族的特点。这主
要表现为复合法是重要的构词方法。复合词在古英
语词汇中占有显著的地位。据统计，在史诗《贝奥武夫》3183行诗句中，竟有1069个复合词。有些复合词中不重读部分，渐渐失去了独立地位，而演变成了词缀，如for-, in-, -ful 等派生法在古英语中也广泛使用。共有二十四个名词后缀、十五个形容词后缀，-dom, -hood, -ship, -ness, -the, -ful,- ish 等词缀都可溯源到古英语时期。古英语时期的诗歌有一种特殊的修辞手法，即头韵(alliteration)，

The English Language PowerPoint

Early Modern English
Up until 1485, England had been a very divided country, and had experienced many rebellions and civil and factional wars. By the end of the fifteenth century, however, England had become a relatively peaceful and stable kingdom. London was now a strong and influential capital city with no rival in England. Travel and communication within the kingdom was now much faster and more efficient . All these factors had a considerable influence on the standardisation of English throughout the country. But the most important development was the invention of the printing press in the 1470s. This had the effect of standardising the spelling of English. The same publications were understood throughout the whole of England, but spoken English still had many dialects and accents. Increasing international travel, especially to mainland Europe, meant that English began to ‘borrow’ many foreign words, especially from France, Germany and Italy. This period also saw the emergence of an English literary culture, the most famous writer being William Shakespeare, who added many words and phrases to English. (See ‘Shakespeare’ PowerPoint.)

英语全英说课ppt模板

Selecting materials that are suitable for the target audience, including authentic English documents, newspapers, and books
Arranging the teaching content
Identify what interests the students have in English to make learning more engaging and relevant to their interests
Motivate students by typing English learning to their personal goals, such as traveling, studying abroad, or using English in their future careers
04
To explain the structure and function of the English sentence
Ability goals
To develop students' reading comprehension skills
To improve students' listening comprehension skills
02
Student analysis
Student characteristics and needs
Age group
Determine the age group of the students and their corresponding learning needs, such as elementary, middle school, or college students

《Unit 5 Languages around the world》优质教学课件(统编人教版)

( )4.As is known to us，the West Lake is known for its beauty.
( )5.Which door leads to the yard? ( )6.It is well known that lung cancer is connected with smoking. [答案] 1－6 FBCEDA
Unit 5 Languages around the world
英语是一种使用很广泛的语言，英语的历史真正起源于公元 5 世纪。
The history of the English language really started when other people arrived in England during the 5th century.
第三步研读——能力升华接轨高考根据 P62 课文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The main reason 1._w_h_yChina's ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture-based language， which 2._d_a_t_e_s (date)back several thousand years to longgu.
2．Paragraphs 1－4 3．Paragraph 5
4．Paragraph 6 [答案] 2－4 CAB
A．China's present is connected with its past by written Chinese. B．Many foreigners learn Chinese culture and history through the Chinese written system. C．How did the Chinese writing system develop.

英美文学简史PPT课件

• 圣火的实例往往比千言万语的说教更有力量，它能够激发或者缓和人类的激情。所以在我当面给了你一些安慰之后，我就决定把自己的苦难经历写给你，来安慰你，希望你拿我的苦难同你的比较一下，你就会觉得你的苦难毕竟是微乎其微，你也就有勇气来面对人生的一切磨难。
——阿贝拉尔（12世纪法国神学家）
如何学习文学——“三不分”
君掌盛无边
刹那含永
劫
—
—William Blake
文学包罗万象
• the inseparability of literature, history & philosophy
• Close connection between literature, music, painting & photography
Of prancing poetry
This traverse may the poorest take
Without oppress of toll:
How frugal is the chariot
That bears the human soul!
Emily Dickinson
——
文学的激励作用
1. learn basic information about different periods in English and American literary history
2. understand important writers of different schools of English and American literature
如何学好文学
• 学而无思则罔，思而不学则殆。
文学与生活密切相关。从生活中汲取灵感来理解文学；从文学中吸取智慧来感悟人生。在“悟”中把握人生的真谛。

英语语言的发展史ppt课件

• 希腊和拉丁语词进入英语后——
（1）有的保留了原来的形式，如 climax（高潮）； appendix（阑尾；附录）；exterior【外部（的），外观（的）】；axis（轴）；
（2）有的失去了词尾，如（扩号内为拉丁语）, consult（咨询） (consultare)；exclusion（排斥） (exclusioneum)； exotic（奇异的，异国情调的） (exoticus)；
可编辑课件
3
Three Periods of English
• I.古英语时期：Old English (450-1100 A.D.) • II.中古英语时期：Middle English (1100-1500) • III.现代英语时期：Modern English (1500- )
-ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 早期现代英语时期:Early Modern English
(1500-1700) --后期现代英语时期：Late Modern English
(1700-present)
（在讲英语的三个发展时期之前，我们有必要先说说Indo-European Language ）
可编辑课件
4
Indo-European Language
• 1786年英国梵文学者威廉·琼斯爵士 (William Jones)发表了他在语言学领域里的惊人的发现：梵文Sanskrit 和希腊语 Greek、拉丁语Latin是同源的。这三种语言都是从原始的印欧语 ( Indo-European parent language)演变来的。（Textbook P187-188——8th para.）
• 诺亚•韦伯斯特是美国最负盛名的词典学家.1828年,出版了他的《美语词典》

英国历史英文 ppt课件

was formed and changed its name to the Labor Party in 1906.
Colonial Expansion 殖民扩张
1、Began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583.
2、By 1900,Britain had built up a big empire, “on which the sun never set”
Roman Britain
罗马统治下的英国（公元前55年—410年)
1、In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.
3、It saw the challenge of supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church by Reformation , the rise of Humanism ,the growth of large nation-states ,the farranging voyages of exploration and a new emphasis o the importance of individual.
1、In 1833,the Grand National Consolidated Trade

英汉语言对比

Composition: 偏正式：学分，本科，红糖，笑声，新衣；主谓式：耳闻，目睹，脸红，胆小，月明；动宾式：攻关，灭火，开车，忆苦，踢球并列式：语言，改革，树立，遥远，左右，出入，好歹；补充式：提前，救活，改善，说明，调好；重迭式：平平安安，高高兴兴，懒洋洋，亮晶晶，方方面面
4. Sentence structure English sentences: strict, rigid sentence structure, focusing on hypotaxis (形合) Chinese sentences: terse, elastic structure focusing on parataxis (意合)
4. Meaning
★ Partial equivalence部分对应 (意义范围有广狭之分、抽象具体之分、一般于个别之分) marriage aunt rose beauty freedom justice family milk 嫁，娶姑妈，舅妈，姨妈，伯母，婶婶玫瑰，月季美貌，美人自由，自由权正义，正义感家庭，家人奶，牛奶，羊奶等
Indo-European family 印欧语系， Sino-Tibetan family 汉藏语系， Altaic family 阿尔泰语系， Hamito-Semitic family 闪含语系（AfroAsiatic family亚非语系）， Dravidian family 德拉维达语系， Ibero - Caucasus family 高加索语系， Uralic family 乌拉尔语系
The studies of the Chinese Language
Sino-Tibetan family； A history of more than 6000 years; Vocabulary: ≈ 0.5 million

《英语专业系列》课件

Research and Academic Writing
Discover strategies for conducting research and producing academic papers.
Media and Communication
1
The Power of Media
Explore the influence of media on language, culture, and society in the age of digital communication.
《英语专业系列》PPT课件
An engaging and comprehensive presentation on the English major, covering topics such as Language and Linguistics, Literature and Culture, and more.
Sociolinguistics
Language Variation
Investigate how language varies across different speech communities and social contexts.
Attitudes and Perceptions Language Planning
Building Linguistic Skills
Learn about the fundamental linguistic concepts and skills necessary for an indepth understanding of English.
English Literature Overview

英美文学鉴赏PPT课件

England. • A keen interest in the Greek and Latin culture; the art
and science of ancient Greece and Rome were being born again after long years of neglect. • Essence: humanism
第14页/共55页
4.Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)
• One of the pioneers of the realistic novel in 18th century • Masterpiece: Robinson Crusoe (1719)
第15页/共55页
Robinson Crusoe
• Three types of sonnet
1) Petrarchan sonnet (彼特拉克体/意大利十四行诗 )
2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗） 3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚/英国体十四行诗
第9页/共55页
Shakespearian Sonnet
• Language: ①different poetic forms, such as the sonnet, the blank verse and the rhymed couplet. ②rich in vocabulary and idiom.
第11页/共55页
3.John Milton(1608-1674)
• Forerunner of the English realistic novel • Based on a real story(P30) • plot (P30-31) • Image of Robinson Crusoe: typical of the English

文艺复兴时期的文学(英语) ppt课件

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The high achievements fiction and drama. There is a strong realistic color "tramp novel" was born in Spain.
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The main representative of the Spanish is national drama.
ppt课件ຫໍສະໝຸດ 5This work by the authors and various famous characters in the hell, purgatory, and heaven's dialogue, reflecting the achievements and some major problems in the field of medieval culture, with "encyclopedia" character, which can also vaguely see the dawn of the Renaissance humanism thought. In this as long as more than fourteen thousand lines of epic, Dante is firmly opposed to medieval obscurantism, expressed the persistent pursuit of the truth of ideas, for Europe is extremely far-reaching influence of poetry creation.
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