英文经济类词汇大汇总
经济类词汇
经济类词汇1.人民币升值 appreciation of the RMB2.贬值devalue, devaluate, depreciate (of acurrency)3.贸易顺差 trade surplus favorable balance4.贸易逆差 trade deficit adverse balance oftrade5.反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…国际收支6.balance of international payments/ balance ofpayment7.出口补贴 export subsidy8.市场准入 market access9.国民待遇 national treatment10.socialist economy 社会主义经济11.capitalist economy 资本主义经济12.collective economy 集体经济13.planned economy 计划经济14.monetary policy 货币政策15.稳健的货币政策 A prudent monetary policy；Astable monetary policy was carried out16.从紧的货币政策 adopt tight monetary policy17.fiscal policy 财政政策18.积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策proactivefiscal policy and a prudent19.protectionism 保护主义20.public sector 公共部门,公共成分21.economic balance 经济平衡22.economic stability 经济稳定23.economic depression 经济衰退24.trust 托拉斯25.cartel 卡特尔26.rate of growth 增长27.standard of living 生活标准,生活水平28.infrastructure 基本建设29.stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气30.fixed assets 固定资产31.real estate 不动产,房地产32.purchasing power, buying power 购买力33.reserve fund 准备金34.current account 经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)35.exchange rate 汇率,兑换率36.foreign exchange 外汇37.floating exchange rate 浮动汇率38.free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场39.domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币40.rate of interest 利率41.discount 贴现,折扣42.rediscount 再贴现43.Narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距44.Eliminate poverty 消除贫困mon prosperity 共同富裕46.speculation 投机47.capital flight 资本外逃Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展48.drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴49.Sustained, rapid and sound economic development持续，快速和健康的经济发展50.National economic budget 国民经济预算51.Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济52.Mature market economy 成熟市场经济53.Market economy country 市场经济国家54.Extensive economy 粗放型经济55.Intensive economy 集约型经济56.Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为57.mode into intensive one 集约型经济58.prosperous 经济繁荣的关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"）MFN （most-favored-nation) treatment争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Govern ing the Settlement of Disputes)《北美自由贸易协定》 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东部和南部非洲共同市场 COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定） ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) （补贴协议）可诉补贴 actionable subsidy上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level(欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Policy规避 circumvention反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 EST(Environmentally-sound technology) 出口实绩 export performance 粮食安全 food security免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家) free-rider政府采购government procurement灰色区域措施 grey area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议 HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度） HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 进口许可 import licensing进口渗透 import penetration最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)知识产权 IPRs (Intellectual property rights)最不发达国家 LDCs (Least-developed countries)当地含量 local content专门的营销机构 market boards(服务贸易)自然人 national person(利益的)丧失和减损 nullification and impairment (争端解决)专家组 panel(《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款 peace clause 诸边协议 plurilateral agreement(服务贸易)自然人流动 presence of natural person 生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption慢性萧条 chronic depression进口环节税 import linkage tax北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)全球配额 global quota祖父条款 grandfather clause贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger垂直兼并 vertical merger垃圾融资 junk financing申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) economist 经济学家controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门economic channels 经济渠道economic fluctuation 经济波动economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势scarcity 短缺underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Mixed economy 混合经济economic system 经济体系planned economy 计划经济marked economy 市场经济market-oriented economy 市场导向型经济market cycle 市场周期market demand 市场需求state-owned business 国有经济industrialization 工业化home market 国内市场red-hot economy 白热化经济globalization 全球化global inflation 全球通货膨胀multinational corporation 跨国公司stock price 股票价格venture investment 风险投资borker 经纪人stakeholder 股东economic puppet 经济傀儡credit card 信用卡competitive price 竞争价格retail price 零售价commodity price 物价steer the economy to a soft landing 经济软着陆devalue 贬值interest rate 利率capital 资金资本intellectual property 知识产权infrastructure 基础设施treasury 国库财政部patent office 专利局。
经济类英语词汇
经济类词汇economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街 short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macro-control优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改善经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment发展过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式 forms of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management农业 farming林业 forestry畜牧业 animal husbandry副业 sideline production渔业 fishing第一产业 primary industry第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry生产资料 means of production生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系 relations of production生产力 productive forces公有制 public ownership私有制 private ownership全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise合资企业 joint venture合作企业 cooperative enterprise独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
经济学英语词汇大全解读经济学理论的专业术语
经济学英语词汇大全解读经济学理论的专业术语经济学是研究资源配置和价值决策的学科，它使用一些专业术语来描述和解释不同的经济现象和理论。
在本文中，我们将提供一个经济学英语词汇大全，以便更好地理解经济学的相关概念和理论。
一、宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）宏观经济学研究整体经济活动，包括国家的经济增长率、就业率、通货膨胀率等。
以下是一些宏观经济学中常用的词汇：1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值，衡量一个国家或地区在一定时间内所产生的全部最终产品和服务的价值。
2. Inflation：通货膨胀，指一国货币的持续贬值，导致物价普遍上升。
3. Unemployment Rate：失业率，表示劳动力市场上正在寻找工作但找不到的人数占劳动力总数的比例。
4. Interest Rate：利率，借贷资金的费用，也是货币政策调控的手段之一。
二、微观经济学（Microeconomics）微观经济学研究个体经济行为和市场供需关系。
以下是一些微观经济学中常用的词汇：1. Supply and Demand：供求关系，描述市场上商品或服务的供应量和需求量之间的关系。
2. Elasticity：弹性，衡量商品或服务的数量对价格变化的敏感程度。
3. Market Equilibrium：市场均衡，当供需达到平衡时，市场价格不再有明显的上升或下降趋势。
4. Utility：效用，表示个体对商品或服务的满意程度。
三、国际贸易（International Trade）国际贸易研究不同国家间的商品和服务交换。
以下是一些国际贸易中常用的词汇：1. Balance of Trade：贸易差额，表示一个国家的出口减去进口的差值。
2. Comparative Advantage：比较优势，指一个国家对某种商品或服务的生产成本相对较低。
3. Tariff：关税，一国政府对进口商品征收的税收。
4. Exchange Rate：汇率，用于表示一种货币与另一种货币之间的比率。
常见的经济类英语词汇
常见的经济类英语词汇经济，是指一定范围(世界、国家、区域、内，组织一切生产、分配、流通和消费活动与关系的系统之总称。
以下是店铺分享给大家的常见的`经济类英语词汇，欢迎阅读!常见的经济类英语词汇篇11、出租车起步价 flag down fare2、法定准备金率 required reserve ratio3、实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy4、反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights5、出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值the yuan’s appreciation6、信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate7、翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone8、经济适用房 economically affordable house9、安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents10 。
住房保障制度 housing security system11、大宗交易系统block trading system 竞价交易系统bid trading system12、暴利税 windfall tax13、整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face –lifting、14、双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job15、从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy16、宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy17、审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy18、油价飙升 oil prices surge19、原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge20、石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC、21、原油储备 crude oil stockpiles22、轻质原油 light sweet crude23、使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP24、股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ; take stakes25、世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour26、个体工商户 self—employed people27、房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent28、直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling29、漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免费业务 free incoming calls30、吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback31、洗钱 money laundering32、透支 overdraft33、股市牛年 bullish year34、上市子公司 listed subsidiary35、海关税收 customs revenue36、税收减免 tax break37、二流货的 cut—rate38、高端产品 high end product39、货币升值 revaluation40、跳槽 job—popping41、大片 blockbuster42、货币经纪人 money broker43、起征点 cutoff point44、暴发户;新贵 upstart45、养老保险 endowment insurance46、解雇金 severance pay47、勾销债款 write off48、高峰期 peak season49、职员总数 headcount50、买入股票 buy into51、出境游 outbound travel52、逃税 tax evasion53、公开募款 initial public offering54、新闻专线 newswire55、衰退 downturn56、由…推出 bow out57、便携式游戏机 PSP58、负有责任的 accountable59、精炼厂，炼油厂 refinery60、杀手 hit man61、官方证明书 clearance62、家禽流行病 epizonntic63、辞职;下台 step down64、门户网站 portal65、小轿车 sedan66、战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve67、半导体 semiconductor68、基准点，衡量标准 benchmark69、出口补贴 export subsidy70、对…不太重视 play down71、记账卡，签帐卡 charge card72、反托拉斯 anti—trust73、资产负债表 balance sheet74、最佳位置最佳时期 sweet spot75、货存，库存量 inventory76、集体诉讼 class action77、反倾销 antidumping78、不足，赤字，差额 shortfall79、美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve80、资本净值 net worth81、汇丰银行 HSBC82、国际货币基金组织 IMF83、财务欺诈 accounting fraud84、国际套利资本 hot money85、专利局 patent office常见的经济类英语词汇篇21、planned economy计划经济2、marked economy市场经济3、market—oriented economy市场导向型经济4、market demand市场需求5、state—owned business国有经济6、industrialization工业化7、home market国内市场8、red—hot economy白热化经济9、prosperous经济繁荣的10、globalization全球化11、global inflation全球通货膨胀12、multinational corporation跨国公司13、venture investment风险投资14、stakeholder股东15、credit card信用卡16、monetary policy货币政策17、retail price零售价18、commodity price物价19、devalue贬值20、interest rate利率21、capital资金资本22、intellectual property知识产权23、treasury国库财政部。
经济类英语专业词汇汇总
经济类英语专业词汇汇总常用经济类词汇：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 预备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,预备金reserve fund 预备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,治理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation 非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds治理不善poor management农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
常见的经济类英语词汇
常见的经济类英语词汇常见的经济类英语词汇经济，是指一定范围(世界、国家、区域、内，组织一切生产、分配、流通和消费活动与关系的系统之总称。
以下是店铺分享给大家的常见的`经济类英语词汇，欢迎阅读!常见的经济类英语词汇篇11、出租车起步价 flag down fare2、法定准备金率 required reserve ratio3、实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy4、反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights5、出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值the yuan’s appreciation6、信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate7、翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone8、经济适用房 economically affordable house9、安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents10 。
住房保障制度 housing security system11、大宗交易系统block trading system 竞价交易系统bid trading system12、暴利税 windfall tax13、整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face –lifting、14、双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job15、从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy16、宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy17、审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy18、油价飙升 oil prices surge19、原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge20、石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exportingcountries(OPEC、21、原油储备 crude oil stockpiles22、轻质原油 light sweet crude23、使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP24、股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ; take stakes25、世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour26、个体工商户 self—employed people27、房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent28、直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling29、漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免费业务 free incoming calls30、吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback31、洗钱 money laundering32、透支 overdraft33、股市牛年 bullish year34、上市子公司 listed subsidiary35、海关税收 customs revenue36、税收减免 tax break37、二流货的 cut—rate38、高端产品 high end product39、货币升值 revaluation40、跳槽 job—popping41、大片 blockbuster42、货币经纪人 money broker43、起征点 cutoff point44、暴发户;新贵 upstart45、养老保险 endowment insurance46、解雇金 severance pay47、勾销债款 write off48、高峰期 peak season49、职员总数 headcount50、买入股票 buy into51、出境游 outbound travel52、逃税 tax evasion53、公开募款 initial public offering54、新闻专线 newswire55、衰退 downturn56、由…推出 bow out57、便携式游戏机 PSP58、负有责任的 accountable59、精炼厂，炼油厂 refinery60、杀手 hit man61、官方证明书 clearance62、家禽流行病 epizonntic63、辞职;下台 step down64、门户网站 portal65、小轿车 sedan66、战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve67、半导体 semiconductor68、基准点，衡量标准 benchmark69、出口补贴 export subsidy70、对…不太重视 play down71、记账卡，签帐卡 charge card72、反托拉斯 anti—trust73、资产负债表 balance sheet74、最佳位置最佳时期 sweet spot75、货存，库存量 inventory76、集体诉讼 class action77、反倾销 antidumping78、不足，赤字，差额 shortfall79、美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve80、资本净值 net worth81、汇丰银行 HSBC82、国际货币基金组织 IMF83、财务欺诈 accounting fraud84、国际套利资本 hot money85、专利局 patent office常见的经济类英语词汇篇21、planned economy计划经济2、marked economy市场经济3、market—oriented economy市场导向型经济4、market demand市场需求5、state—owned business国有经济6、industrialization工业化7、home market国内市场8、red—hot economy白热化经济9、prosperous经济繁荣的10、globalization全球化11、global inflation全球通货膨胀12、multinational corporation跨国公司13、venture investment风险投资14、stakeholder股东15、credit card信用卡16、monetary policy货币政策17、retail price零售价18、commodity price物价19、devalue贬值20、interest rate利率21、capital资金资本22、intellectual property知识产权23、treasury国库财政部【常见的经济类英语词汇】。
经济类英语词汇大全
国民经济、对外经济贸易National economy, Foreign economic relations and trade经济指标economic indicators社会总产值total product of society国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product)人均国内生产总值GDP per capita工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入national income购买力平价法purchasing power parity财政收入state revenue社会商品零售总额total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数general retail price index 百分点percentage points"八五"划划the8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济planned economy统购统销state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济market economy指令性计划mandatory plan指导性计划guidance plan市场调节market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy,rule by law,democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"stress priorities over agriculture,transportation and energy supply,education and science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure,ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业primary,secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济export-oriented economy创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型technology,knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources生产力productive forces生产资料capital goods科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings火炬计划Torch Plan技术入股technology appraised as capital stock 风险投资venture investment/capital固定资产投资investment in fixed assets折旧费depreciation cost关系民生的产品products vital to the people’s livelihood供大于求oversupply供不应求short supply经济过热overheated economy抑制炒房地产热stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控macro-economic control经济杠杆economic levers产业政策industrial policy财政,税收,信贷，利率,汇率public financing, taxation,credit,interest rate,exchange rate提高经济效益enhance economicperformance/returns社会效益social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余)budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营)three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment:sino-foreign joint venture,contractual joint venture 允许外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件confessional terms;favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption合作方式approaches to cooperation出资方式means of contributing investment合营期限contract term of a joint venture三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples,assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴trade partner转口贸易transit trade外贸顺差foreign trade surplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital,technology,competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程turn-key project招标承包制bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术bids for technology公开招标call for bid;tenders招标单invitation for bid(IFB)标书bidding document竟标competitive bidding投标bid for a project投标报价书bid proposals评标bid proposal evaluation开标bid opening中标win a bid;be awarded a tender拍卖auction租赁leasing保税区bonded area;free trade area实行全方位开放practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation,and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses,the integration of industry and foreign trade,and the promotion of agent system知识产权intellectual property rights技术转让technology transfer可行性研究feasibility study意向书letter of intent投资环境investment environment跨国公司transnational coorporation基础设施infrastructure20年基本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in20years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies,managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商attract investment招商项目project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice;bring…in line with the international usage加大改革力度intensify reforms一条龙服务one package service一支笔审批one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
100个经济学术语
100个经济学术语1.货币政策-- Money Policy2.货币流动-- Currency Flows3.金融政策-- Financial Policy4.货币供应-- Money Supply5.通货膨胀-- Inflation6.购买力平价-- Purchasing Power Parity7.储蓄率-- Savings Rate8.经济增长-- Economic Growth9.投资-- Investment10.消费-- Consumption11.汇率-- Exchange Rate12.零售销售-- Retail Sales13.贸易赤字-- Trade Deficit14.贸易贡献-- Trade Surplus15.外汇结构-- Foreign Exchange Structure16.累积赤字-- Accumulated Deficit17.优惠政策-- Subsidy Policy18.货币市场-- Money Market19.社会保障-- Social Security20.社会风险-- Social Risk21.财政税收-- Fiscal Taxation22.银行业监管-- Banking Supervision23.国际收支-- Balance of International Payments24.国际贸易-- International Trade25.负债-- Debt26.投机-- Speculation27.货币贬值-- Currency Devaluation28.汇率监管-- Exchange Rate Control29.汇率波动-- Exchange Rate Fluctuations30.量化宽松-- Quantitative Easing31.财政补贴-- Fiscal Subsidies32.机会成本-- Opportunity Cost33.市场价格-- Market Pricing34.资金流动-- Fund Flows35.效用-- Utility36.经济因素-- Economic Factors37.消费者支出-- Consumer Expenditures38.收入分配-- Income Distribution39.关税-- Tariffs40.经济政策-- Economic Policy41.欧盟-- European Union42.可支配收入-- Disposable Income43.经济学模型-- Economic Models44.利率-- Interest Rate45.技术创新-- Technological Innovation46.信用-- Credit47.经济结构-- Economic Structure48.现金流量-- Cash Flow49.竞争-- Competition50.财政支出-- Fiscal Expenditure51.金融改革-- Financial Reform52.非货币政策-- Non-monetary Policy53.贷款-- Loans54.市场需求-- Market Demand55.需求分析-- Demand Analysis56.汇率-- Exchange Rate57.负债率-- Debt to Equity Ratio58.波动性-- Volatility59.消费者保价-- Consumer Price Index60.货币开支-- Monetary Expenditures61.物价指数-- Price Index62.调整-- Adjustment63.预算不平衡-- Budget Imbalance64.全球经济-- Global Economy65.投资风险-- Investment Risk66.汇率风险-- Exchange Rate Risk67.财政失衡-- Fiscal Imbalance68.碳排放税-- Carbon Tax69.补贴-- Subsidy70.储备货币-- Reserve Currency71.零利率政策-- Zero Interest Policy72.泡沫经济-- Bubble Economy73.货币结构-- Monetary Structure74.国际衡平-- International Equilibrium75.社会运动-- Social Movements76.商业循环-- Business Cycle77.物价水平-- Price Level78.生产力-- Productivity79.竞争环境-- Competitive Environment80.间接税-- Indirect Taxes81.舶来税-- Tariff82.社会失业-- Social Unemployment83.进出口-- Imports and Exports84.金融冲击-- Financial Shocks85.国际准备金-- International Reserves86.秩序市场-- Orderly Market87.贸易协议-- Trade Agreements88.受抑制-- Restrained89.补充货币-- Supplementary Currency90.竞争力-- Competitiveness91.外汇储备-- Exchange Reserves92.贷款利率-- Loan Interest Rate93.效率市场-- Efficiency Market94.通货紧缩-- Deflation95.分布公平-- Distribution Fairness96.报酬均等-- Equal Remuneration97.投资回报-- Return on Investment98.投资效率-- Investment Efficiency99.可支配收入差距-- Disposable Income Gap 100.投资回流-- Investment Reflow。
经济与财务英语词汇大全
经济与财务英语词汇大全一、宏观经济词汇1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值GDP measures the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period of time.2. Inflation：通货膨胀Inflation refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over a period of time. It is often measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).3. Monetary Policy：货币政策Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to influence the availability and cost of money and credit in the economy, usually through changes in interest rates or the money supply.4. Fiscal Policy：财政政策Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the overall economy. It can be expansionary (increasing spending and/or reducing taxes) or contractionary (reducing spending and/or increasing taxes) depending on the economic conditions.5. Unemployment Rate：失业率Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.6. Exchange Rate：汇率Exchange rate refers to the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. It is determined by the foreign exchange market and influenced by factors such as interest rates, inflation, and market sentiment.二、财务管理词汇1. Balance Sheet：资产负债表Balance sheet is a financial statement that shows the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time.2. Income Statement：利润表Income statement is a financial statement that shows the company's revenues, expenses, and net income or loss over a specific period of time.3. Cash Flow Statement：现金流量表Cash flow statement is a financial statement that shows the changes in a company's cash and cash equivalents over a specific period of time.4. Return on Investment (ROI)：投资回报率ROI measures the profitability of an investment by comparing the gain or loss generated relative to the cost of the investment.5. Earnings per Share (EPS)：每股收益EPS is a financial ratio that indicates the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.6. Dividend：股息Dividend refers to the distribution of a portion of a company's profits to its shareholders. It can be paid in the form of cash or additional shares of stock.三、市场与投资词汇1. Stock Market：股票市场Stock market is a market where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold.2. Bull Market：牛市Bull market refers to a market with rising prices and investor optimism.3. Bear Market：熊市Bear market refers to a market with falling prices and investor pessimism.4. Portfolio：投资组合Portfolio refers to a collection of investments, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, held by an individual or institution.5. Diversification：多元化投资Diversification is a risk management strategy that involves spreading investments across different asset classes and sectors to reduce exposure to any single investment.6. Initial Public Offering (IPO)：首次公开募股IPO refers to the process by which a private company becomes a publicly traded company by offering its shares to the public for the first time.四、国际贸易词汇1. Free Trade：自由贸易Free trade refers to the unrestricted flow of goods and services between countries without tariffs, quotas, or other barriers.2. Import：进口Import refers to the purchase of goods and services from foreign countries for domestic consumption.3. Export：出口Export refers to the sale of goods and services to foreign countries.4. Trade Deficit：贸易逆差Trade deficit occurs when a country's imports exceed its exports, resulting in a negative balance of trade.5. Tariff：关税Tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods and services to protect domestic industries or generate government revenue.6. World Trade Organization (WTO)：世界贸易组织WTO is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations, aiming to ensure smooth and predictable trade flows.以上是一些经济与财务方面的英语词汇，涵盖了宏观经济、财务管理、市场与投资以及国际贸易等领域。
最全经济学英语词汇（打印版）
最全经济学英语词汇（打印版）经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设第 1 页共12 页standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱第 2 页共12 页cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛第 3 页共12 页raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、C redit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、P ruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩第 4 页共12 页5、E xpenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用6、P rofit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、t axes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税第 5 页共12 页basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、I nternal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,第 6 页共12 页CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行第7 页共12 页Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均第8 页共12 页average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数第9 页共12 页contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理第10 页共12 页excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业第11 页共12 页increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution第12 页共12 页。
英语词汇复习经济类
英语词汇复习经济类经济类英语词汇是学习经济学的基础，掌握这些词汇对于理解经济领域相关内容非常重要。
本文将介绍一些常用的经济类英语词汇，帮助读者进行词汇复习。
一、货币与金融词汇1. Currency (n.) - 货币Currency refers to a system of money in general use in a particular country or region. It is used as a medium of exchange in the economy.2. Inflation (n.) - 通货膨胀Inflation refers to the general increase in prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. It is usually measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).3. Deflation (n.) - 通货紧缩Deflation is the opposite of inflation. It refers to a decrease in the general price level of goods and services, resulting in the increase in purchasing power of money.4. Interest rate (n.) - 利率Interest rate is the percentage of the total loan amount charged as interest by a lender to a borrower. It is an important tool used by central banks to control inflation and stimulate economic growth.5. Exchange rate (n.) - 汇率Exchange rate is the value of one currency in terms of another currency. It determines the amount of one currency needed to purchase a given amount of another currency.二、市场与贸易词汇1. Market (n.) - 市场Market refers to the interaction between buyers and sellers of goods and services. It can be a physical place or a virtual platform where products are exchanged.2. Demand (n.) - 需求Demand refers to the desire, ability, and willingness of consumers to buy a product or service. It is influenced by factors such as price, income, and consumer preferences.3. Supply (n.) - 供应Supply refers to the quantity of a product or service that producers are willing and able to provide in the market. It is influenced by factors such as production costs, technology, and government regulations.4. Trade (n.) - 贸易Trade refers to the buying and selling of goods and services between countries or regions. International trade plays a crucial role in the global economy.5. Tariff (n.) - 关税Tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods and services. It is used to protect domestic industries and regulate trade between countries.三、就业与劳动市场词汇1. Employment (n.) - 就业Employment refers to the state of having paid work. It is an essential aspect of economic development and social well-being.2. Unemployment (n.) - 失业Unemployment refers to the condition of being without a job but actively seeking employment. It is usually measured by the unemployment rate, which is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.3. Labor market (n.) - 劳动市场Labor market refers to the supply and demand for labor in an economy. It is where individuals and businesses interact to determine wages and employment opportunities.4. Minimum wage (n.) - 最低工资Minimum wage is the lowest hourly wage that employers are legally required to pay their employees. It is set by the government to ensure fair compensation for workers.5. Skills (n.) - 技能Skills refer to the abilities and knowledge acquired through education, training, and experience. They are essential for individuals to participate in the labor market and contribute to economic growth.总结：以上介绍了一些经济类英语词汇，这些词汇是经济学学习中的基础。
经济类词汇汇总
经济类词汇汇总Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seekself-development 自我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic managementSafeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economyConcentrate on rejuvenatingState-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁，承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的，放活小的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promotere-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprises Strengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminatelosses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组of State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds管理不善poor management农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
160个常见的经济类词汇词组
active trade balance 贸易顺差adverse trade balance 贸易逆差aid援助allocation of funds 资金分配allotment 拨款allowance/grant/subsidy 补贴，补助金，津贴amortization 摊销，摊还，分期偿付annuity 年金article 物品，商品assigned 过户available capital 可用资产average income 平均收入balance of trade 交易平衡banknote/note/bill 钞票，名氏币bear卖空者，空头bearer cheque无记名支票bond债券borrower借方，借款人borrowing 借款break暴跌broker经济人buffer fund缓冲基金，平准基金bull买空者，多头business slump 生意萧条by-product 副产品capital goods 资本货物cash现金cash dividend现金配股cash transaction 现金交易change 零钱cheque/check 支票chequebook 支票簿，支票本circulating capital/working capital 流动资本concentration 集中consolidated debt 合并债务consumer goods 消费品convertibility 可兑换性cost成本，费用creditor债权人current-account holder/checking-account holder 支票账户debtor债务人，借方deficiency 亏损deflation通货紧缩demand and supply balance 供求平衡depreciation 减价，贬值devaluation （货币）贬值developing 发展中的discount贴现，折扣dividend股息，红禾domestic currency/local currency 本国货币drawing提款,提存dull盘整duty 税earnings 禾润，收益economic balance 经济平衡economic channels 经济渠道economic recovery 经济复原economic situation 经济形势economic stability 经济稳定economic takeoff 经济起飞economic trend 经济趋势economist 经济学家endorsement 背书；批注exchange rate 汇率,兑换率expenditure/outgoings 开支，支出fiscal year财政年度fixed assets 固定资产fixed costs 固定成本floating debt流动债务foreign exchange 外汇free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场funded debt固定债务，长期债务gold reserve 黄金储备gold standard 金本位gross income/gross earnings 总收入，总收益holding company 控股公司income gain 股利收入income tax 所得税income 收入，收益increase in value/appreciation 增值，升值infrastructure 基本建设input投入mortgage 抵押interest禾息investment trust 投资信托investment 投资，资产investor 投资人issue发行股票land tax地租，地价税lender债权人long term loan 长期贷款manufactured goods/finished goods 制成品，产成品maturity到期日,偿还日medium term loan 中期贷款money 货币net income纯收益，净收入，收益净额operating costs 生产费用，营业成本operating expenses 营业费用output产出，产量overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads杂项开支，间接成本overproduction 生产过乘Upar value股面价格，票面价格petrodollar 石油美元preference stock 优先股price index物价指数primary sector 初级成分producer生产者，制造者productive/producing 生产的productiveness 赢利J 性productivity 生产率profitability/profit earning capacity 利润率, 赢利率purchasing power/buying power 购买力quotation报价，牌价raising limit 涨停板rate of growth 增长rate of interest 利率raw material 原料raw product 初级产品ready money business/no credit given 现金交易, 概不赊欠ready money 现钱real estate 不动产，房地产redemption 偿还rediscount 再贴现reserve预备金，储备金retailer零售商revaluation 重估价saving储装，存款scarcity 短缺securities business 证券市场securities 有价证券self-financing 自筹经费semifinished goods 半成品share/common stock 普通股share股份，股票shareholder/stockholder 股东short term credit 短期信贷short term loan 短期贷款speculation 投机standard of living 生活标准stock company/stock brokerage firm 证券公司stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 股票市场stock investment 股票投资stock-jobber股票经纪人supply供给，补给switch trade 转手交易tax exemption 免税taxation 征税，纳税taxation system 税制tax-free免税的taxpayer 纳税人to pay (in) cash 付现金transfer 转让，转账，过户transport costs 运输费用tycoon 巨头underdeveloped 不发达的value added tax 增值税wholesale dealer 批发商yield产量收益，收益率。
经济类英语专业词汇
常用经济类词汇：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 预备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,预备金reserve fund 预备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,治理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product) 人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation 非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds治理不善poor management农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
经济与金融英语词汇大全
经济与金融英语词汇大全Abstract:本文旨在提供一份经济与金融英语词汇大全，旨在帮助读者扩展自己的金融英语词汇量，以更好地理解并应用于经济和金融领域。
本词汇大全涵盖了各个方面的经济与金融术语，并提供了简明的解释和示例，以确保读者能够准确有效地使用这些词汇。
1. 宏观经济学 (Macroeconomics)宏观经济学是研究整体经济的学科，涉及国民收入、就业、通货膨胀等方面的研究。
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 国内生产总值，衡量一国某一特定时期内所生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。
- Unemployment Rate: 失业率，衡量劳动力中无工作而愿意就业的人的比例。
2. 微观经济学 (Microeconomics)微观经济学是研究个体经济单位（如家庭、公司）的学科，涉及供求、价格等方面的研究。
- Supply and Demand: 供求关系，在市场经济中决定产品和服务的价格和数量。
- Price Elasticity: 价格弹性，衡量供求关系对价格变化的敏感程度。
3. 财政学 (Public Finance)财政学是研究政府财政活动的学科，涉及税收、开支等方面的研究。
- Budget Deficit: 预算赤字，政府在一定时期内支出大于收入的情况。
- Taxation: 税收，政府向个人和企业征收的款项。
4. 国际贸易 (International Trade)国际贸易是国家之间商品和服务交流的过程，涉及进出口、贸易政策等方面的研究。
- Tariff: 关税，国家对进口商品征收的额外费用。
- Free Trade: 自由贸易，国家之间以最低限度或无限制地交换商品和服务。
5. 银行与金融机构 (Banking and Financial Institutions)银行与金融机构提供各种金融服务，如存款、贷款、投资等。
- Commercial Bank: 商业银行，从公众存款中募集资金，提供贷款和其他金融服务。
经济类英语专业词汇汇总
经济类英语专业词汇汇总1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - 国内生产总值2. Inflation - 通货膨胀3. Deflation - 通货紧缩4. Unemployment rate - 失业率5. Consumer Price Index (CPI) - 居民消费价格指数6. Interest rate - 利率7. Exchange rate - 汇率8. Balance of trade - 贸易差额9. Stock market - 股市10. Bond market - 债券市场11. Fiscal policy - 财政政策12. Monetary policy - 货币政策13. Supply and demand - 供求关系14. Economic growth - 经济增长15. Recession - 经济衰退16. Depression - 经济萧条17. Entrepreneurship - 创业精神18. Capitalism - 资本主义19. Socialism - 社会主义20. Market economy - 市场经济21. Planned economy - 计划经济22. Globalization - 全球化23. Tariff - 关税24. Subsidy - 补贴25. Monopoly - 垄断26. Oligopoly - 寡头垄断27. Economic inequality - 经济不平等28. Economic development - 经济发展29. Foreign direct investment (FDI) - 外商直接投资30. Macroeconomics - 宏观经济学31. Microeconomics - 微观经济学32. Economic indicators - 经济指标34. Net exports - 净出口35. Gross profit - 毛利润36. Free trade - 自由贸易37. Market equilibrium - 市场均衡38. Demand curve - 需求曲线39. Supply curve - 供给曲线。
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国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation 非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase arededucted(excluded)实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds管理不善poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.改革是社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展。
Reform is the self-perfection andself-development of the socialist system.我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialistproductive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.要人们警惕右和左的影响，特别是左的根深蒂固的影响。
to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the Left deviations, particularly of thedeep-rooted Left influence.中国要警惕右，但更要防左。
China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the Leftdeviation.资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。
As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.各尽所能，按劳/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.经济结构改革。
reform in economic structure剩余劳动力。
surplus labor经营机制operative mechanism发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合to combine economic planning with market regulation计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation取消国家对农产品的统购统销to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products改革重点转移到城市the focus of reform is shifted to the cities国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。
to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。
The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise。