周颖健 2012212033 《英美文化》期末论文
英美文化在英语教学中重要性论文
英美文化在英语教学中的重要性摘要：本文阐述了在英语教学里面的英美文化的认知问题，在英语教学中怎样把文化知识导入提出了对应的策略和解决方法。
关键词：英美文化英语教学文化影响一、语言教学中文化渗透的必要性1、语言是文化的重要的组成部分。
语言具有文化的特点。
第一，从文化的内涵的角度看来，包含着人类的物质和精神文明财富。
而语言恰恰是人类在进化过程中创造出来的精神财富，是属于文化的一部分。
语言和文化都为人类社会所特有。
第二，语言就像文化一样，不具有生物的遗传性，而是人类后天习得的。
第三，文化和语言一样都是全国民族的共同财富，它为全社会所共有。
2、在语言教学中文化渗透的意义目的语文化认知有利于拓宽学生的知识面。
培养学生运用所学语言在一定范围内进行交际的能力是外语教学与学习的目的。
语言的教学目的是使学生能正确理解和使用这一语言并且可以加入到这种语言社会的交往中。
我们语言教学工作者应当明了外语教学不仅仅是单纯的语言教学而且应当包括目的语言的文化教学。
教师在教学过程中应当有意识地适当地导入相关文化背景知识，引导学生。
这样学生在相关文化背景下更容易掌握语言知识。
背景知识的内容多而杂乱。
学生在获得了文化知识后，他们就会在无意识的状态下把该知识分别运用到听、说、读、写等各项语言技能的学习中。
由此一来学生们就能够在跨文化交际时注意某些“文化禁忌”。
目的语言的文化知识还可以提高他们对英语的兴趣及拓宽他们的知识面。
二、教学中几种英美文化渗透策略及其意义1.任务教学型方法。
每当在学习一篇新的课文之前，教师应预先对学生们布置任务。
使其对相关的英美文化知识进行提前的课外的查阅。
教师在分配任务的过程中，需要明确划定需预习的文化知识的内容。
预习过程需要以学生为主体，即培养学生自己动手收集资料和整理资料的能力。
这个提前布置任务的预习的过程可以让学生很牢固的从中吸收文化知识。
2.多媒体教学法。
将现代化教学手段运用于教学领域。
此教学法的优点是多媒体可以使教学内容变得直观易懂且可以大量的快速传递信息。
英美文学方面论文范文
英美文学方面论文范文英美文学是源远流长的,英美文学在今天文学史的地位是通过经历长期的、复杂的过程演变而来的。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英美文学方面论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文学方面论文范文篇1试析英美文学中的文化问题随着经济全球化趋势的不断加快，英美文学逐渐成为高等院校非常重视的一门专业必修课程，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用，但是随之而来产生了一些文化问题，很多学生由于对英美文学缺乏深层含义的了解而逐渐丧失英美文学阅读的兴趣，这就要求我们在阅读英美文学的过程中要将语言学知识掌握扎实，广泛了解英美文化知识，从而不断增强英美文学课程开设的积极意义。
一、文化因素在英美文学中的重要性随着我国与世界各国之间的联系越来越密切，跨文化能力逐渐成为英语教学过程中的重要组成部分，在英美文学的教学中也逐渐显示出其强大的生命力，语言本身就是一种文化，而语言与文学作品又能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，我们在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者的个人情感因素非常重要，而其所掌握的文化知识也是不可或缺的。
在传统的英美文学教学中，我国的大部分高校文学教师都过分注重对文本阅读的重视和对英美文学作品的研究，忽视了指导学生对英美文学创作背景的认识，这样的教学方式使得大部分学生在学习的过程中缺乏基本的文化理解能力，对于英美文学中的文化因素不能做到深入的了解，对所阅读的英美文学作品中的文化内涵缺乏认知能力，使得学生在阅读英美文学作品时只能浮于表面，无法准确揭示文学作品当中的深层文化意义。
任何一门文学课程的学习都需要学习着具备较强的文化思想，并且具备一定的理解能力，而要想不断提高自身在学习文学作品当中的理解能力，就需要学习者首先对这门文学所产生的背景文化知识有一个深入的了解，一个优秀的文学学习者在文化经验、认知能力、语言学知识等各个方面都应当有较强的造诣，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者掌握一定的语言文化知识固然很重要，但是仅仅掌握语言文化知识也远远不够的，要想真正将英美文学的内容了解透彻，我们还应当不断加强对英美文化背景知识的认识，只有借助于英美文化背景知识的帮助，学习者才能真正深入了解英美文学中的文化内涵，对于英美文学中所展现出的生活方式、宗教习俗、思维模式、价值取向、历史发展状况等有一个基本的把握，真正理解作品中所具有的思想感情，这种对于文学作品的理解能力的培养不是一朝一夕的过程，在这一过程中，学生必须坚持不懈，文学教师也应当指导学生掌握正确的学习方法，养成科学阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，使学生在学习中不断提高阅读英美文学作品的能力，提高自身的文学素养。
浅谈英美文化对商务英语专业学生的重要性及其文化意识培养
浅谈英美文化对商务英语专业学生的重要性及其文化意识培养论文关键词：英美文化跨文化交际商务英语跨国贸易论文摘要：我国经济的发展需要越来越多的既懂英语又通晓英美国家文化的复合型商贸人才。
英美文化和跨文化交际能力对于高等院校商务英语专业的学生尤为重要。
因此学生应在课上课下多学习英美文化和相关的商贸文化的内容，使自身跨文化交际能力不断提高，为将来在贸易职场上扬帆远航打下坚实的基础。
随着改革开放的深入，我国经济得到了前所未有的跨越式发展，再加上全球经济一体化不断加深，跨国贸易往来日益频繁，因此，既熟练掌握商贸知识，又具备较强英语交际能力的复合型商务贸易人才就变得越来越炙手可热。
在这样的大背景下，我国大多数的高校都开设了商务英语这一专业，并且社会上的许多培训机构也都开始从事商务英语的培训服务，共同来满足我国贸易经济发展对上述人才的需求。
这种现象固然可喜，但是许多商务英语专业的大学毕业生在踏上工作岗位之后，虽然他们的商务贸易知识和英语交际能力都很过硬，但是在从事实际的跨国贸易过程中，还是会遇到一些沟通上的困难，主要就是文化差异带来的问题，有时会严重阻碍贸易的进展，需要相应的对策予以解决。
一、文化与语言的关系文化是一种社会形态，这种形态的存在为一个民族或者国家的发展都产生了很深的影响。
语言是文化产生最重要的源泉之一，语言也是文化的重要组成部分。
因此，任何一种语言的形成和演变过程中都包含着该国的文化因素，文化的发展也会带动语言的发展。
所以，要想成功的使用一种语言进行交流，只掌握该语言的四种基本能力是不够的，还需要掌握与该国语言相关的文化因素，真正的把语言融入到与之相应的文化之中，形成跨文化交际的能力，这样才能为语言交际的成功概率增加砝码。
传统的英语教学，都是把语言的四项基本能力：听、说、读、写摆在最突出、最重要的位置上，课程设置中培养英语基础能力的课程占了很大的比重，这样的课程设置使学生确实可以系统的打好语言运用的基础，形成较强的英语实际运用能力。
英美文化概况结课论文
The Differences between the United States and China in Education “Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune.” Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, said. As we all know, education is necessary to ourselves and even our society. But people in different countries receive various educations because of diverse culture. Let us see the differences in education between America and China and the influence of different education on people.First, there is much distinction between those two countries in ideals of education. American asserts equality. She claims that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want so that American can produce a society of literacy and local control. She places emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning. Students in America should learn to discover and create new approaches to understand what is already known. American students prefer to practice by themselves instead of listening to the teachers sitting in the classroom. However, students in China are taught to learn not creative thinking but basic skills. Chinese require that students should acquire knowledge as what teachers teach and what teaching materials tell. Chinese always instill into kids’minds a thought that what teachers and teaching materials say are definitely right so that Chinese students lack the critical thought since they are children. Thus, it becomes that American students possess great abilities though get low grades and Chinese students have low abilities while get high scores, as is known to all.Second, the atmospheres in the classroom show the divergence of the two countries’education. Chinese teachers are good at drawing conclusions from a question for students to make them have no question. But American teachers are efficient at enlightening students on a question and enable every student to put forward more new questions. A student in Chinese class has to put up his hand to be allowed to stand up by teachers to answer questions while in American class students are encouraged to speak freely. If a Chinese student disagree what his teacher say, he will suffer some criticisms; nevertheless, an American students will be awarded praise if he does that. We can find out that the Chinese class pays more attention to discipline and the United States focuses on human rights.Three, the ways to further education are entirely different in China and America. There is no annual college entrance examination. Applicants are chosen on the basis of four aspects: high school records, high school teachers’recommendations, the impression they make during interviews at the university, scores on Scholastic Aptitude Test. In an American soap opera called Gossip Girl, an actor called Dan, who wants to study in Yale and passed the SAT, struggles to get three recommendations from his high school teachers or famous writers. But every Chinese student knows that if they want to go to university they must pass the college entrance examination and if they hope to go to key colleges, they have to get higher scores. So the purpose of American education system is to make students find out their shortcomings and straighten them up and Chinese educational system is elimination.Four, students’ extra-curricular life in United States is more colorful than Chinese students’. There are many students’organizations----clubs and activities in the American school helping students become successful when pursuing hobbies. Inaddition, they often do some part-time jobs to make money, which may be for activities or other things. However, Chinese students don’t have so many activities and in their extra-curricular life they will spend most of time attending cram school or doing their homework. So, they are losing their hobbies gradually.In general, I think our government should make reformation on our educational system immediately. Not only should our grades be focused on, but also students’practical ability and creative thinking should be paid more attention. Thus, our country will be more thriving and prospering and we Chinese will be more happiness!。
英美文化毕业论文范文
英美文化毕业论文范文浅析英美文化差异对英美文学评论的影响摘要：文化是一个国家存在与发展的灵魂，它对一个国家的文学评论能够产生广泛的影响。
本文在分析英美文学的发展与英美文学评价的基础上，从英美两国文化发展载体的差异、文化内涵的差异、文化历史的差异这三个主要方面分析了文化差异对英美文学评论的影响，以期更深入地为大家学习、欣赏英美文学作品提供一些有益的参考。
关键词：文化差异英美文学文学评论文化伴随着人类历史的产生而产生，广泛而深刻影响着人类社会的历史生活，并在长期的历史发展中表现出了民族文化的差异性，促成了世界文化多元的发展。
在多元文化发展的这一社会大背景下，对于英美文学评论的影响因素很多，其中文化差异的因素对英美文学评论所产生的影响最为广泛和深远。
一、英美文学的发展与英美文学评论英美文学与英美文学评论是相伴产生的，英美文学作品是将英美文化艺术性地展现，而英美文学评论则是通过英美文学这一手段重新审视与剖析英美社会文化生活。
两者之间的联系是紧密的，也是必然的。
因而，探讨文化差异对英美文学的评论影响，有必要对英美文学的发展历史作出梳理。
1 、英美文学发展英美文学作品是英美两国人民智慧的结晶，同时也是英美文化的表现形式。
英美文学不单单是英美语言的艺术性体现，同时也是对英美人民现实生活的艺术性展现，是世界人民认识英美文化的一个窗口。
英语作为一种交流的工具，在英美文学作品中，被用来表达英美人的思想、情感。
英国的文学发展史可谓是源远流长，英国文学先后经历了盎格鲁·撒克逊阶段、文艺复兴阶段、新古典主义阶段、浪漫主义阶段、现实主义阶段以及现代主义阶段。
纵观英国文学的发展阶段，我们不难发现，其每一个阶段在文学成就上都具有独特的文学艺术魅力。
特别是二次世界大战之后，英国的文学在当今多元化社会背景之下，正朝着多元化的方向不断地向前发展。
美国是一个移民国家，而美国文学也受外来文化的影响。
美国文学受英国文学的影响很深，开始只是一味地模仿英国文学。
跨文化下的英美文化课堂教学-教学研究论文-教育论文
跨文化下的英美文化课堂教学-教学研究论文-教育论文——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印——［关键词］跨文化；英美文化；语言学习不同国家之间的文化冲突是客观存在的，语言学习的本质在于促进不同文化之间的交流，使学生以包容的姿态接受不同国家的文化，提高自身的跨文化交际能力。
英美文化课程可以使学生接触到以英美国家为主的西方文化，了解西方文化的形成和发展过程，学习英语的同时提高自身的文化素养和跨文化交际能力，促进中西方文化的交流。
一、英美文化课堂的现状英美文化是英语专业的一门选修课，该课程的目的是使学生全面了解英国和美国的国家基本情况，对西方思想的形成有进一步的认识，不断扩展自身的人文知识，为学好英语扫除缺少背景知识的障碍，提高文化素养，培养跨文化交际的意识和能力。
但由于传统的应试教育理念深入人心，迫于考试压力，大多数学生对英语学习只停留在听、说、读、写、译等综合能力上，侧重单词积累、语法巩固、句式结构等，忽略提高自身的文化意识和文化素养，导致卷面成绩和语言实际运用能力的严重失衡。
就英美文化课程而言，目前很多教师还在采用传统的“填鸭式”“灌输式”教学模式，忽略培养学生的跨文化交际能力；学生对英美文化课程的重视程度不够，侧重于习题练习，而不是文化素养的提高。
实际上，文化素养的提高有助于激发学生的英语学习兴趣，增强学生的理解能力和跨文化交际能力，为听、说、读、写、译打下更坚实的基础。
从学科教学的角度来看，高校英语教学致力于培养大学生听、说、读、写、译等综合运用能力，其根本在于强化语言的实际交际能力（李泽举，2020）[1]。
传统教学模式下培养的“哑巴英语”，其根本原因在于忽略了英语学习的最终价值，即跨文化交际能力。
英专学生的综合能力不仅体现在听、说、读、写、译五个方面，还应该立足于全球化大背景，拥有国际化视野，培养较强的文化素养和跨文化交际能力，同时提高自身的学习能力和实践能力，内化知识输入，强化知识输出，把所学知识和现实生活紧密联系在一起，真正做到学有所用。
英美文化概论期末英文论文1
American MusicThe music of the U.S. reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. Rock’n roll, rhythm, country, blues, jazz, and hip hop are among the country’s most internationally-renowned genres. The U.S. has the world’s largest music industry and also its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some types of American popular music have gained a near global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the U.S. and played its first music. Begining in the 17th century, immigrants from the British, Spain, Isles, and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing with them new styles and instruments. African slaves also brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot.Much of modern popular music can trace back to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s. The African American basis for popular music used elements derived from European and indigenous music. The U.S. has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of the Ukrainian, Polish, Hispanic, Irish, Scottish and Jewish communities, among others. Many American cities and towns have vibrant music scenes which, in turn, support a lot of regional musical styles. Aiong with musical centers such as Detroit, Chicago, New Y ork, Nashville and Los Angeles, many smaller cities have produced distinctive styles of music. The Creole and Cajun traditions in Louisiana music, the bluegrass and old time music of the Southeastern states and the folk and popular styles of Hawaiian music are a few examples of diversity in American music.Folk musicFolk music in the U.S. is varied across the country’s numerous ethnic groups. The native American tribes play their own varieties of folk music, most of it spiritual in nature. The native Americans played the first folk music in what is now the U.S., using a wide variety of techniques and styles. Some commonalities are near universal among native American traditional music, however, especially the lack of polyphony and harmony, and the use of vocables and descending melodic figures. Tradional instrumentations uses the flute and many kinds of percussion instruments, like rattles, drums, and shakers. Since African and European contact was established, native American folk music has grown in new directions, into fusions with disparate styles like European folk dances and Tejano music. Modern native American music may be best known for pan-tribal gatherings, powwow gatherings at which traditionally styled music and dances are performed.Blues and SpiritualsSpirituals were primarily expressions of religius faith, sung by slaves on southern plantations. In the mid to late 19th century, spirituals spread out of the United States South. In 1871 Fisk University became home to the Jubilee Singers, a pioneering griup that popularized spirituals across the country. In imitation of this group, gospel quartets arose, followed by increasing diversification with the early 20th century rise of jackleg and singing preachers.Blues is a combination of African field hollers, work songs and shouts. It developed in the rural south in the first decade of the 20th century. The most important features of the blues is its use of the blue scale, with a flatted or indeterminate third, as well as the typically lamenting lyrics;through these elements had existed in African American folk music prior to the 20th century, the codified form of modern blues did not exist until the early 20th century.Classical musicThe European classical music tradition was brought to the U.S. with some of the first colonists.European classical music is rooted in the traditions of European art, concert and ecclesiastical music. The central norms of this tradition developed between 1550 and 1825, centering on what was known as the common practice period. Many American classical composers tried to work entirely within European models until late in 19th century. When Antonin Dvooak, a prominent Czech composer, visited the U.S. from 1892 to 1895, he iterated the idea that American classical music needed its own models instead of imitating European composers. He also helped to inspire subsequent composers to make a distinctly American style. By the beginning of 20th century, many American composers were incorporating disparate elements into their work, ranging from blues and jazz to native American music.Popular musicThe U.S. has produced many popular composers and musicians in the modern world. Beginning with the birth of recorded music. American performers have continued to lead the field of popular music, which out of “all the contributions made by Americans to world culture...has been taken to center by the whole world”. Most histories of popular music start with American Tin Pan Alley or ragtime. Other, however, trace popular music back to the European Renaissance and through ballads and other popular tradions. Other authors typically look at popular sheet music, tracing U.S. popular music to minstrel, spirituals shows and vaudeville, or the patriotic songs of the Civil War.JazzJazz is a tpye of music characterized by swung and blue notes, call and response vocals, improvisation and polyrhythms. Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African musical and classical expression, and in African music traditions including ragtime and blues, as well as European military band music. Early jazz was closely related to ragtime, with which it could be distinguished by the use of more intricate rhythmic improvisation. The earliest jazz bands adopted many vocabularies of the blues,including bent and blue notes, instrumental “growls” and smears otherwise not used on European instruments. Jazz’ro ots come from the city of New Orleans,Louisiana,populated by black Creoles and Cajuns, who combined the French-Canadian culture of the Cajuns with their own styles of music in the 19th century. Large Creole bands that played for funerals and parades became a major basis for early jazz, which spread from Chicago to New Orleans and other northern urban centers.Country musicCountry music is a combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern U.S. and the Appalachian Mountians. It has roots in traditional folk music, blues, gospel music, Celtic music, hokum, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term country music began to be used in the 1940s when the early term hillbilly music was deeded to be degrading, and the term was widely embraced in the 1970s, while western and country have declined in use since that time, except in the U.K., where it is still commonly used.While album sales of most musical genres have declined, country music expericed one of its best years in 2006, when, during the first six months of the year, United States sales of country albums increased by 17.7% to 36 million. Furthermore, country music listening nationwide has remained steady for almost a decade, reaching 77.3 million adults every week.The term “country music” is used to describe many genres, styles, or subgenres and so on.。
英美文化鉴赏论文范文
The Study of Domestic Violence onAmerican Beauty and Its Action Guidance Abstract:paper presents a new method for the interpretation of American Beauty.In modern society, family violence is the destruction of the traditional family happiness. Family cold violence in the Burnhams and thermal violence in the Fitts are the representatives of the domestic violence. And also, the family violence makes the family life become not only an invisible battlefield, but a nightmare, distorting the couples, the parents, children and family relationships. In this movie, the heroes awaken people with their blood and lives, to re-examine their family life. This paper focuses on the domestic violence in this film and some statistics or backgrounds specifically on the domestic violence in the United States. Then the paper will give some preventions and services act, giving family violence in real concern and action guidance.Key Words:American Beauty; domestic violence; cold violence; thermal violence; action guidance《美国丽人》中家庭暴力的研究及其行动指导摘要：本文提出了电影《美国丽人》的一种新的解读方法。
英美文化期末论文：英美间的文化差异(英文版)
The Difference between England andAmericaAbstract: the paper is to show the difference between American and English in several aspects, such as geographical location, cultural environment and the most important part, the language.Key words: Culture Environment,Education,food,Table MannerIntroductionThe paper deals with the The Difference between England and America.Culture is a complex, including knowledge and belief, art, morals, law, custom, and members of the society who acquired as any other capabilities and habits.1. Culture EnvironmentBritain is a traditional European country with long historical tradition continuity, and there had been a hierarchy in British society for a long time. And in UK there always has been a monarchy. So, the British likes to remember past times and old acquaintances, tends to be conservative, and behaves like a gentleman. All these need culture accumulation, and these character and qualities can’t be made if the country is without a long history. However, the U.S. is precisely without a very profound historical accumulation and is a young country. So, the Americans dare to innovate and stress emphasis on personal value. On the other hand, in the United States, there are not a lot of constrains. They feel free to make bold innovations.In addition, there is a great difference in the population composition of the two countries. The United States is a nation of immigrants, people comes from all countries and regions in the world. So, the culture of the United States shows different characteristics. People in American can accept and absorb all the culture factors all over the world. U.S. attitude toward foreign cultures is an open. However, comparing to the United States, the structure of the UK population appears to be simplex.2.Geographical LocationThe geographic location of the United Kingdom and the United States are different, one in European continent, one continent of the America. The United Kingdom, after a long period of development, has been very wealthy, so they are decent and conservative. But at the beginning of the United States, the United States is in a completely unfamiliar and barren continent, the first settlers were called pioneers, so they have to have the courage to take risks. If they do not have the spirit of adventure, they will not be able to survive, not to mention development, the hard environment eventually made the American spirit. In addition, the difference of European culture and American cultural contributes to the difference of the two countries. English suffers from the influence from other European countries, like France, Germany, but American was influenced by the culture of the other countries in American continent as well as the native Indian.3. EducationFrom the educational philosophy of the education system in the United States, there are the characteristics of diversity and openness, international and flexibility, which enable the U.S. Department of Education to ensure educational equity and equality of opportunity to receive education, and take full advantage of the strengths of educational objects, so education is the dynamic, vibrant in American. It also reflects what the Americans have been in pursuit, the freedom and equality. British education has a rigorous style of study and impeccable the education system. The UK has a strict quality control system, the teaching quality evaluation and the research Assessment from all the school in England are announced to the world, higher education institutions in the UK will be checked in a regular routine. This rigorous attitude is also reflected in the assessment of the student. Many students can’t get a degree if they fail in passing the assessment. Ethics and professionalism of Englishteachers ensure the quality of its education. British education also reflects British conservative and rigorous character.4.Traditional English food and confluent American foodBritish food, as we know, is very traditional. They don’t used to change their habit of food very frequently. Like other northern European cuisines, it majors heavily on meats, dairy products, wheat and root vegetables and a diet conductive to manual labor and red-faced citizens. The nineteenth century idea of a varied diet was one with different sorts of meat in it. Milk and vegetables were regarded as not only uneatable raw, but highly dangerous until boiled thoroughly. To a certain extent this is understandable, in an era without refrigeration, when typhoid and cholera could strike even the wealthy; over-cooking everything was probably a sensible course to take. People in English have a special eating habit. Firstly, the main meal in England seems to be eaten in the evening. Secondly, a big English breakfast is not something that many English people seem eat. Most of them have a light meal of cornflakes or toast and marmalade, orange juice and coffee rather than the eggs, sausages, bacon, bread, mushrooms and tomatoes. Fish has always been an important food in Britain. There are jellied eels, kippers or bloaters or crabs and so on. But the most popular of all is fish and chips, splashed with vinegar and eaten in the street out of a paper bag . British have a habit of drinking tea. “A nice cup of tea, the stronger the better”is supposed to be the British cure for all problems. Although many different drinks can be found in Britain, tea is undoubtedly the favorite at any time of the day and is the essential basis of afternoon tea. This is a meal that can vary from tea and a biscuit to the cooked high tea with lots of cakes served in the north. In the south west of England it is usually a cream tea, with home-made scones, strawberry jam and piles of thick clotted cream. People vary seldom have the thin cucumber sandwiches described in novels.American cuisine : The United States is a land of delicious eating. The two concepts essential to understanding US food are regionalism and diversity, accent on the latter.After all, Italian food differs from province to province and city to city as well. But key themes run through Italy’s food from south to north simply because its people have such strong roots in the Italian soil. Not so with the US. A nation of newcomers, its food reflects its origins. Long before Europeans set foot on American soil, vibrant and healthy civilizations nurtured themselves off the bounty of the land. They taught the settlers to plant the holy trinity of Native American cuisine—corn, beans and squash. The settlers returned the favor by nearly exterminating their benefactors, but those three foods played a vital in defining American cuisine. They retain their importance today across the continent—grits, cornbread in the South, tortillas and pinto beans in the Southwest, baked beans and succotash in the Northeast and pumpkin pie just about everywhere for Thanksgiving. American cuisine has come a long way since the early days of corn, beans and squash and along the way it has spawned some unforgettable food. Nonetheless the US remains a great place for great eating. Delicious regional styles remain a great place for great eating. Delicious regional styles remain and the new blood of immigrants sparks the imagination of the finest chefs while making for great inexpensive food in the cities. So come and get it.5. Table MannerAt table, the British people pays special attention to table manners, such as, they should not talk at table, should not beat tableware as well. They have a strict requirement on how to use knives and forks. While Americans on the relatively few occasions will do so, they like fast and convenient food, they do not require delicate or luxury dinner but they pay more attention to popular food. American favorite food is known as KFC, McDonald's and pizza hut, the junk food. This diet keeps the American obesity rate high. But from the diet habits, it is not difficult for us to find that the American do everything vigorously and resolutely and do not stick to the trifles.ConclusionIn a word, there are lots of different conventions in the British and the American’s culture. These conventions can be easy found in their daily life. They are all the symbols of the society development. They made us know a lot about the culture in the European countries. So if you have any interests on it, try to learn something about that and I’m sure we can benefit from it more . we can see that the British are sensitive, restrained, conservative, they tend to be rational rigorous and gentlemanly. By comparison, Americans are warm and cheerful, bold and frank. They are with a spirit of adventure and innovation.Reference[1]Brown, G. and G. Yule. Discourse Analysis[M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 1983.[2]Deng,Yanchang&Liu,Runqing. language and culture[M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1989.[3]Hu,Wenzhong&C.H.Grove Encountering the Chinese[M]. Yarmouth: Intercutural Press, Inc 1991.[4Maryanne&Joann&Edward.American ways—An Introduction to American Culture[M]. Beijing: The World Books Publishing House , 2006.[5]Xu,Lisheng.Intercultural Communication in English[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press , 2004.[6]Yang,Min&Wang,Keqi&Wang, Hengzhang.An Outline of the Traditional Chinese Culture [M].Beijing: China Ocean University Publishing House, 2003.[7]Zhang , Ailin.Intercultural Communication[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Publishing House 2003.[8]高一虹.语言文化差异的认识与超越[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000-2.[9]胡文仲.跨文化交际学概论[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999.[10]何毅.中西文化比较[M]. 北京：冶金工业出版社，2007-9.[11]简孙.中国结·美国梦: 中美文化差异趣谈[M]. 河南：河南人民出版社，2006.[12]李军.中西文化比较[M]. 北京：中国人民大学出版社，2010-1.[13]王易.中西文化比较概论[M]. 北京：航空工业出版社，1999-08.[14]杨海庆.中西文化差异及汉英语言文化比较[M]. 北京：知识产权出版社，2005.[15]张从益.文化语言学研究[M]. 陕西：西北工业大学出版社，2009.。
关于英美文学文化分析
英美文学文化分析关于英美文学文化分析论文摘要：在世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势日益明显的新形势下，注重跨文化意识的培养显得尤为重要。
本文从英美文学教学的角度出发，探讨了通过英美文学教学培养跨文化意识的重要性，培养跨文化意识应遵循的原则以及利用英美文学培养跨文化意识的教学思路。
随着国际经济、文化、政治等领域发展步伐的加快，交流日益频繁，世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势日益明显，国际交往合作更加频繁，国际交流也越来越广泛，多种文化相互交汇碰撞、交流融合，在这种环境下，如果不了解英美国家的风俗文化、行为习惯、思想观念和价值取向，不同文化间就会产生误解甚至冲突，影响交际的顺利进行。
由此，外语教学中，关注目标语文化，提高跨文化意识，注重跨文化交际能力的培养就显得尤为的重要。
“跨文化意识”是指外语学习者对于其所学习的目的语文化具有较好的知识掌握和较强的适应能力与交际能力，能像目的语本族人的思维一样来思考问题并作出反映，以及进行各种交往活动。
具有“跨文化意识”的外语学习者能自觉地消除在与目的语本族人进行交往时可能碰到的各种障碍，以保证整个交往过程的有效性。
外语教学不仅仅是语言知识的学习，语言是文化的载体，又是文化的一部分，外语教学的目的是提高学生的跨文化交际能力，包括文化知识和文化意识。
文学又是文化的一种特殊表现形式，始终与文化相伴相生。
因此，通过英美文学认识英美文化、培养跨文化意识是一种有效的教学途径。
一、英美文学教学是培养跨文化意识的有效途径首先，文学是文化的重要载体和民族个性的重要表现形式。
文学作品所包含的文化知识、文学知识及其具有的哲学、人文、美学等价值是某一民族社会文化的缩影，是学生了解英语民族的政治、经济、社会生活、思想观念、风土人情等文化因素最鲜活、最丰富、最直接的材料。
通过英美文学认识英美文化和国民性格是一种基于文化认知和文化认可的跨文化交流层次，它的重心是拓宽学生的文化视野和思想疆域，提高综合人文素质，培养跨文化交际的意识和能力。
英美文化选修论文
洛阳理工外国语学院——英美文化选修课结课论文英美国家的饮食文化系别：外语系班级：XXXXX学号：XXXXXX姓名：XXXX摘要：俗话说的好民以食为天，有时在一个区域甚至是一个国家内的南方与北方的饮食也是有所不同，更别说一个国家与另一个国家的饮食所存在的不同。
自从学习了英美文化这项课程之后，我对英美国家的饮食文化产生了极大的兴趣，尤其是西式饮食在现代逐渐进入国人的生活中，我觉得我们越来越有必要了解一下西方的饮食文化。
关键字：英美国家饮食文化西餐菜肴特色饮食习惯英美国家饮食文化学习了英美文化课程之后我对于英美文化有了进一步的了解，选修课老师对英美文化说了很多方面的知识，比如说国家的地理方位、城市构成、国家发展历史，政党选举制度之类的等等。
期间看了两部电影一部是关于英国曾任的首相铁娘子撒切尔夫人，了解了英国的政党以及历史上曽发生的重要历史事件等等，同时让我也更加佩服撒切尔夫人，是一个能挑大梁的坚强女性。
还有一部是关于阿甘正传，讲的是关于美国的一个傻男孩自强不息的奋斗史，同时穿插了美国的发展历史，对此有了更加深刻的了解。
虽然还是囫囵吞枣的学习了一番，那我就我比较感兴趣的英美饮食方面谈论一下吧。
首先来说一下西方的餐桌文化，包括餐桌用具与餐桌礼仪等方面。
先说餐桌用具包括刀叉、餐盘、酒杯等等。
当然摆放也有很多的要求例如：刀叉的摆置，用餐中为八字形，如果在用餐中途暂时休息的话，可将刀叉分放盘中，刀头与叉尖相对成“一”字形或“八”字形，刀叉朝向自己，表示还要继续吃。
如果是谈话，可以拿着刀叉，无须放下，但若需要作手势时，就应放下刀叉，千万不可手拿刀叉在空中挥舞摇晃。
用餐结束后，可将叉子的下面向上，刀子的刀刃侧向内与叉子并拢，平行放置于餐盘上。
接下来的摆置方式又分为英国式与法国式，不论哪种方式都可以，尽量将柄放入餐盘内，这样可以避免因碰触而掉落，服务生也比较容易收拾。
在宴会中，每吃一道菜用一副刀叉，对摆在面前的刀叉，是从外侧依次向内取用，因为刀叉摆放的顺序正是每道菜上桌的顺序。
自主学习论文：英美文化自主学习方式的组建
自主学习论文：英美文化自主学习方式的组建课堂环境与资料环境的构建教师提供无批判的课堂氛围，让学生就自己学习的英美文学内容或主题实行交流，老师营造尊重、包容的课堂环境，学生能够就阅读的著作提出自己的看法和见解，与同学老师分享自己的感受。
同学之间相互欣赏、鼓励，共同进步。
我们采用多种渠道增加学生的阅读著作和资料，一是指导学生利用图书馆的经典英美文学名著；二是由学生根据自己的兴趣购买一部分英美文学作品，同学之间能够交换阅读；三是充分利用教材中的选读材料；四是结合教材、教学需要及学生情况，由任课老师指定印发诗歌、短中篇小说或节选作品。
另外，根据指定的阅读著作和自由选读著作，引导学生有效利用图书馆和网络资源查找所阅读著作的相关文献资料和研究资料。
这样就在有限的条件下满足了学生自主阅读英美文学名著的需要。
自主学习中心的构建开学之初，任课老师对学生实行广泛的英美文学教育，包括英美文学知识、英美文学学习方法、英美文学经典名著简介等。
通过一个月左右的准备，我们要求每位学生自己确定一个英美文学自主学习主题实行专门的研究性学习，一方面提升英美文学学习效果，另一方面也为毕业论文设计奠定基础；同时，在教学过程中，结合教材和教学需要，指定学生阅读部分经典英美文学名著，印发诗歌、短中篇小说或节选作品供学生阅读。
根据学生的兴趣和倾向性实行分组，一般3-4个学生为一组，每组推荐一名负责人，负责组织自主学习时间，联系老师，安排自主学习效果汇报等。
自主学习中心是灵活的，根据学生自己的时间和兴趣安排，真正实现了学生自主学习，老师不定期地对自主学习中心实行监督和指导。
自主学习模式的构建过程英美文学自主学习模式的构建过程分为两个阶段。
第一个阶段为一个学期，本阶段为调查研究和小范围实验阶段。
调查研究阶段编制了英美文学教育中的自主学习调查问卷，对我院外语系09级英语本科班学生和任课老师实行调查。
此阶段的学生已经过一个学期的英国文学的学习，调查的目的是要比较自主学习模式构建前后的英美文学学习及自主学习情况。
英美文学论文范文.doc
英美文学论文范文英国文学课程是高等学校英语专业高年级开设的必修课,对提高学生的人文素质至关重要。
接下来要给大家分享的是英美文学论文范文，欢迎大家的借鉴阅读,希望对你有用！英美文学论文范文浅论人文精神与英国文学素质教育和人文精神的塑造已成为一个广为接受的概念。
然而,人们对如何在具体教学过程中实施素质教育、塑造人文精神却持有不同观点。
英美文学等文学课程是使英语学科有别于其他学科的专业知识课程,所以应给予足够重视并使之成为素质教育和人文精神塑造的重要组成部分。
【关键词】人文精神英国文学素质教从莎士比亚说起英国文学从发生、发展到今天已有千余年的时间,取得了辉煌的成就,对世界文学尤其是世界英语文学产生了持久、深刻的影响。
这期间先后出现的有名有姓的作家数百上千,创作的作品更是卷帙浩繁。
就作家在文学史上的地位和影响而言,学习英国文学最躲不开的作家就是威廉·莎士比亚。
莎士比亚是一个世界级文化名人,对英国文学以及世界文学均产生了深刻的影响。
他是一位人文主义作家,阅读和理解莎士比亚的关键是把握和领会其作品里的人文主义思想和精神。
人文主义是欧洲文艺复兴时期所形成的思想体系,也可以说是文艺复兴运动的精髓。
它强调人的独立意识和主体意识,宣扬个性解放,主张人们应重视“现世”而不是“来生”,是对禁锢欧洲思想达千年之久的宗教神学体系和僵化的封建制度的有力反拨。
莎士比亚以其精湛的艺术手法塑造了一系列个性鲜明的人物形象,展现了封建制度和资本主义制度交替时期波澜壮阔的历史画卷。
他赞扬人的美德,歌颂爱情、友谊和忠诚,鞭挞昏聩的君主和奸邪的小人。
在莎士比亚身后的近四个世纪以来,他的声誉日隆,世界各国学者研究其作品和生平事迹的专著和论文可谓汗牛充栋。
有学者曾说,如果没有莎士比亚,整个英国文学乃至世界文学都会呈现出一番不同的面貌。
17～20世纪英国文学的代表人物17世纪英国文学的一个重点和难点是约翰·弥尔顿。
弥尔顿早期积极投身于英国的资产阶级革命,以其犀利的笔锋和雄辩的才能为革命立下了汗马功劳。
英美文化对比全英论文
2012-13学年第1学期2011级英美概况试题姓名学号班级英语成绩A Contrastive Study of British American Characters Abstract: This article is to have a contrastive study of British and American characters.1. IntroductionThe British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans’. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers.It is known that there is a closely contact between Britain and America. There are both some similarities and differences between British characters and American characters because of the history, geography and the change of time. This paper has made a Contrastive Study of British and American Characters. It can help readers to know more about British and American culture, which will also improve the reader’s interest in English learning.2.1 American CharactersThe US is a huge nation, the fourth largest in the world. Besides, it is also a young country, a nation of immigrants. With many years of development, America has become the strongest country in the world. They owe many good qualities. In general, American people are characterized by passion, independence, informality and so on.When it comes to American characters, the first one comes to mind maybe “hard-working”, and the pioneering spirit of immigrant which led American settlers to travel westward by the thousands in search of land and gold. For example, U.S president Truman had ever been a farmer, grocery owner, officer and lawyer before he was chosen as president. President Reagan had also engaged in broadcasting, film acting and any other works. At the same time, Americans are independent. It is often seen that children in the street selling newspapers, delivering the milk. No matter what class the family is in, the children areencouraged to be independent and earn money by their own hands. They have the courage to try something new and it is still an important part of the American characters.Americans all believe that, “all men are born equal”. It means all people should be treated equally before the law and given equal privileges and opportunities insofar as government can control these. These are certain freedoms which the United States promises to all citizens and members of minority groups can’t be denied these rights by a vote of the majority. Public protests left their mark upon the American character.In addition, Americans are friendly and humorous, they owe a strong sense of law, and they always think from small to big. These are all American valuable characters.2.2 British CharactersIt is known that Britain is a country with a long period of monarchy. It owes conservative evident at such a historical background. Apart from that, Britain is an island country. It seems to be independent of the other countries. Besides, some social changes have taken places in Britain. Because of geography, history, social changes and other reasons, British people have formed their own unique characters.First of all, the most known quality of British, and in particular of the English, is “reserve”. British people don’t talk very much to strangers, don’t show much emotion, and seldom get excited. They tend to be less emotional and lacking in enthusiasm and passion. It is likely that there is no conversation when British people have to share the compartment with a stranger. Even if a conversation does start, they will refuse to answer personal questions. As a famous saying goes, “An Englishman’s house is his castle”. On one hand, the British people pay little attention to the private affairs of others because they don’t like to impose their own ideas and values on other people. On the other hand, they don’t want their space to be interfered. But in fact, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve. A magazine, which is named English world, says that, “An Englishmanfeels no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his feelings far less”. British people maybe very pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.Secondly is the famous English sense of humor. Maybe the British people often give the impression of coldness, actually the British people are all top-notch humorist. The English humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. Prince Philip, both praised it and illustrated it when he talked of “God’s greatest gift to mankind----a sense of humor”its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. When a bad thing happens, they used to talk about it with irony. This shows their sprit of optimism. British people often use the two sentences “It could be worse” and “I have seen worse”Except for those characters, British people are arrogant, it is undeniable. Britain used to be the strongest country in the world at once. Many British people still consider that the world is under control of Britain. Nowadays, English has become a bridge to the world, which makes the British people more proud of themselves.To sum up, British people are full of contradictions. They are reserve while they are humorous. And they are modest while they are arrogant.2.3The Differences in British and American CharactersIn the history, there is a closely relationship between Britain and America .However, because of the different history, geography and the change of time, the two countries have developed different characters.The UK education system works differently, as he's probably aware. Asking people about their "High School" "GPA" "Major" or "Minor" will make people think he assumes that things work the same in the UK as in the US. In the UK, "High School" is roughly equivalent to secondary school and college (college is not used to mean university). Important exams are GCSEs and A levels, which are graded with letters and related to specific subjects. There are no majors and minors in the UK university system - there's just whatever degree you're studying.In general, British people tend to be calm and quiet, but American peopletend to be enthusiastic and active. History may be one of the reasons of those differences, because Britain owes a longer history than America’s. So, British people are more conservative. Then, Britain is an island country. America is a country much larger than Britain and has some neighbors. So it is easy for American to communicate with others and keep pace with the time.4. ConclusionThere are both some similarities and differences between British characters and American characters because of the history, geography and the change of time. British people tend to be calm and quiet, but American people tend to be enthusiastic and active. Different national conditions result in different characters while the characters play an important role in the countries’ future development. So a country should pay much attention to their people’s character, and find ways to improve them. Finally, learning these characters is a good way to improve one’s English and to widen one’s vision.。
英美文学参考论文免费范文
英美文学参考论文免费范文浅析文化差异对英美文学评论的价值摘要:一个国家最重要的就是自己的文化，文化程度的深浅代表着这个国家的历史悠久。
但也因为每个国家创造出的不同文化，形成了现在这个多变的世界，并随着社会的发展不断地影响着人们的生活，尤其是国际间交流的方式、表达的语言以及生活方式等都有了质的改变。
就现如今的英美两国来说，它们是不同的国度，拥有不同的历史文化，说着不同的语言，这些都是因为历史发展轨道的不同所造成的，不同时期经历的改革与运动都可以改变这个国家前行的道路。
关键词:英美文化;文学评论;文化差异所谓的英美文学评论，就是指通过有关的文学理论和历史背景对文学名著进行研究，研究它的写作背景、人物介绍、语言表达水平以及文章的中心思想等。
文学的内容主要是以作者所处的历史环境为背景进行的文学创作，也是这个国家这段时期最有效的证明。
但由于每个国家文化形成的不同，导致不同国家对文学的评价也就各不相同。
本文主要分析英美文化差异对英美文学评论的影响和有关问题。
一、英美文学特点分析及其发展历史英国文化在英国的发展史上有着巨大的影响力。
从开始的时期到文艺复兴，在经历过历史改革后发展到了现如今的现代化主义。
[1]在这其中最重要的转折就出现在第二次世界大战后，英国文化由最初的写实渐渐地变成了充满憧憬的现代化风格，并带有英国的历史特点。
所以，英国的文学作品中有很多都是根据英国的历史发展轨迹来进行描写与刻画的。
美国文化一共出现过三次改革:第一次是在19世纪前期出现的民族文化;第二次是美国经由第一次世纪大战和第二次世纪大战后为国际带来的影响;第三次是美国文化的文字发生了结构上的改变，女权思想的建立与新历史主义的发展。
并且在开发美国这片富饶土地的过程中，国民在理念上逐渐形成了一种“有效、有用，并且有利就是真理”的相关思想。
这些在他们的文学作品中都有体现，也是美国发展历史最有力的证明。
英国文学发展经历了漫长的时间，在每段时期都绽放出耀眼的光芒，在第二次世界大战结束以后，英国文学出现了多样化的改变，美国文学就是建立在英国文学的基础之上的，但外来文学对它产生了影响发生了改变。
英美文学毕业论文范文
英美文学毕业论文范文当代英美文学之中的存在主义隶属于当代西方国家的哲学体系,也属于文学理论研究的重要的流派之一下面是店铺为大家整理的英美文学毕业论文，供大家参考。
英美文学毕业论文范文一：大学生英美文学素养培养研究与实践一、引言在中国，自古就有“书读百遍，其义自见”的古训。
这句话的含义是在语言学习中，只要不断地进行阅读，在不知不觉中就会了解其中的含义。
在英语学习中这个方法其实要一分为二地看待，一方面，通过不断诵读，确实能够有效地稳固学生对于单词、句子结构、整体语感的掌握，但是另一方面，由于英语并不是中国学生的母语，就是阅读再多遍，也不可能达到“其义自见”的程度。
这种情况下，英美文学作品的重要性就凸显出来了。
我们知道，文学作品是语言文字的集大成者，它是一项非常复杂的但是涵盖面极广的语言的精炼和巧妙的运用。
文学作品对于语言文字的驾驭和使用只会高出一般语言文字的使用要求而不会比这个要求更低，那么在英语教学中，是不是可以引入英美文学这一元素，以培养学生英美文学素养这一教学目标来全面提升学生的英语成绩呢?答案是肯定的，经过教学实践，教师们发现，将大量的英美文学作品引入教学过程中，将培养学生英美文学素养作为重要教学目标并以此为基础进行教学活动的确能够极大提升学生的英语成绩，并且学生的英语驾驭能力也有了不小的提升，达到了兼具考试和实用两个层次的价值，对学生的全面成长是极为有利的。
二、当前大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的必要性和可行性分析1、培养学生英美文学素养能够让学生在潜移默化中更加深刻了解西方文化文化是语言的基础，文化这一看不见摸不着的事物决定着语言的所有要素。
任何一种语言都带有鲜明的地域特色，都是一个国家或者地区文明的精炼。
同时语言又是文化的重要组成部分，甚至我们可以毫不夸张地说，对于一种语言的学习，其实就是对于该国家或者地区文化的学习。
对于母语的学习和本国文化的学习存在着很大的难度，因为即便是再小的国家，也最少有数百年的历史，这数百年的历史积淀是极为深厚的，想要在短短十数年中精通是绝不可能的。
英美文化选修课结课论文
中美文化的差异首先定义文化。
中国，作为一个拥有五千年历史的东方国家，其文化源远流长、博大精深。
中国的文化被赋予了极其特殊的东方色彩，形成了独具特色的一种文化。
美国，作为西方的一个资本主义大国，其文化具有极其特殊的西方主义色彩，吸引着世界各地的人去探索和了解。
生活在地球两面的两个国家，不论是在饮食还是在语言方面或是风俗习惯方面都有很大的不同，各具特色，使得世界文化更加的多样化。
两国文化是从什么时候开始的呢？中国是唯一拥有官方记录的历史的国家。
距今约4000多年前，以中原地区为中心开始出现聚落组织进而成国家和朝代，后历经多次演变和朝代更迭，众多民族融和而成为中华民族。
1949年中华人民共和国成立后，在中国大陆建立了人民代表大会制度的政体。
（加上照片上的英语文字）首先，中国与美国的节假日有很大的不同。
在中国，最大的节日就是正月初一的春节。
这一天的前一天晚上是除夕。
在除夕之前，我们会在门上贴上红色的对联，挂上红色的灯笼（红色在中国一向是代表喜庆的颜色）。
在除夕的晚上的五六点的时候，家家户户会在自己的门前放鞭炮和烟火，老人说是为了赶走年兽，后来演变成了一个习惯，主要是为了来年的平安吉祥，当然也是为了热闹和喜庆。
午夜十二点的时候，我们就会煮水饺吃，预示着新一年的开始，这一晚我们称为守岁。
初一的早晨我们会起的很早，吃过早饭后，同辈的人就会聚集到一块儿，去给长辈们拜年。
初一早晨是给同乡的人百年，以后的几天就是去给距离远的亲戚拜年。
过完了春节，就迎来了正月十五的元宵节。
在这一天我们会吃汤圆，会五彩斑斓的灯会，整整一条街，全是形态各异的灯，特别漂亮。
其实元宵节也算是年的一个收尾吧。
一般过了元宵节，该上班的上班了，该上学的就上学了。
接下来就是四月四号的清明节，这一天是专门为了祭祀逝去的人的。
然后就是五月初五端午节，这一天是为了纪念诗人屈原而设立的。
这一天我们会在门上挂艾草，会吃粽子。
接下来便是七月初七七夕节，这一天是牛郎与织女分离的日子（牛郎织女是中国古老的神话之一），相传如果这一天喜鹊会为他们搭桥，让他们见面。
英美文化论文
英美文化论文第一篇：英美文化论文American RacismA popular saying is that America is a nation where people, with diligence and perseverance, can realize their dreams regardless of their religious beliefs, colors of skin and political convictions.However, others frown on this idea.This issue has given rise to a heated discussion.For my part,I’m all for the idea of disapproval.The reasons are mainly as follows:It is generally known that the United States of America is a nation of immigrants.People of different skin colors,religions and faiths creat the nation —America.And inevitably,religious conflict,racial discrimination and political struggle come along.The most prominent phenomenon is the racial discrimination.Nowadays,the racial discrimination in America remains quite serious.This social issue has been a long-standing problem.In the first place,there are so many roots of racial discrimination.Looking back in history, it began with the slave trade.Needless to say,it is so miserable and disastrous.Between 1650 and 1900, 10.24 million enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas.The transatlantic slave trade resulted in a vast and as yet still unknown loss of life for African captives both in and outside of America.Approximately 1.2 – 2.4 million Africans died during their transport to the New World.No scholars dispute the harm done to the enslaved people themselves.The African slave trade helped to shape a wide variety of societies from modern Argentina to Canada.These differed in their use of slaves, the harshness of the regime imposed on slaves, and the degree of mixing of the races that custom and law permitted.But none ofthese became as virulently racist--insisting on racial separation and a strict color bar--as the English North American colonies that became the United States.The institution of slavery was abolished through Civil War,a bloody second American revolution that cost at least 600,000 lives.Today,in the United States, although legal racial discrimination was cancelled,institutionalized racism remained intact.In addition, the United States parties which are based on different interests,1 formulate a series of related policies and harmed the interests of black people.The original U.S.Constitution permitted slavery and counted Black slaves as three-fifths of white persons in determining both Congressional representation and taxation, which were deeply rooted the racism in the very foundation of U.S.society.Unfortunately,to blacks,their performance provide discrimination discourse.In the black areas, the excessive crime happen at any moment.Worse still, Black also do the drug trade which undoubtedly violates the nation’s law.Politicians from both the Democratic and Republican Parties got the big calls “tough on crime,” embracing the so-called war on drugs, which tripled the prison population between 1980 and 1995.Two-thirds of those who entered the prison system during that period were Black, Latino or poor, and the vast majority of them were nonviolent drug offenders.Today, with the prison population swollen to more than 2 million, African Americans make up just 12 percent of the U.S.population and only 13 percent of drug users, yet account for 35 percent of drug arrests and 53 percent of drug convictions.Blacks are also 43 percent of those on death st year, the U.S.Bureau of Justice Statistics estimated that 30 percent of 12 year-old Black boys will spend time in jail in their lifetimes--far more than will attend college.And because manystates have laws denying present and former inmates the right to vote, an estimated 13 percent of all Black men--including one in every three in Alabama and Florida--have been disenfranchised.In light of racial discrimination,black people conducted a series of racial fights which was called the Civil Rights Movement.The most illustrious march is probably the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.It is best remembered for the glorious speech Martin Luther King, Jr.gave, in which the “I have a dream” part t urned into a national text and eclipsed the troubles the organizers had to bring to march forward.The process was long and tenuous,and many of these movements did not fully achieve their goals although,the efforts of these movements did lead to improvements in the legal rights of previously oppressed groups of people.The current status of racism in America are still in poor condition.While discrimination has decreased and old forms of segregation have been recalled,subtlepatterns of informal discrimination in housing,employment,education and virtually every social sphere still persists.Indeed,for many African Americans,discrimination,as of now,remains a central part of their experience in the United States.According to a report of American, the black’s inco me only accounted for the three-fourths of the white,and African-American family’s income was just one-tenth of the white family’s.Half of all black men in New York can’t find a job,while Black teenage unemployment stands at 37 percent nationwide.As Mr.Bus h said,”And this poverty has roots in generations of segregation and discrimination that has closed many doors of opportunity“.These statistics show a crisis among Black Americans that should be setting of alarm.Racism, notcriminal records, explains the high unemployment rate for Black men today.A recent Wall Street Journal report showed that in the city of Milwaukee, a white job applicant with a criminal record has a better chance of being called for an interview than a Black man with no criminal record.”The disadvantage carried by a young Black man applying for a job as a dishwasher or a driver is equivalent to forcing a white man to carry an 18-month prison record on his back,“ concluded reporter David Wessel.And only racism can explain these statistics: Segregation in public schools, which decreased continuously from the 1950s to the late 1980s, has now returned to levels not seen in three decades.Black infants are almost two-and-a-half times more likely than white infants to die before the age of one, a wider gap than in 1970.More than 200 years since slavery was written into the U.S.constitution, its racist legacy remains--and the words of abolitionist Frederick Douglass remain true: ”Without struggle, there can be no progress."In general,only a struggle that shakes the foundation of U.S.society can end racism.As is the always the case,the darkest hour comes before the dawn.A mixed-race man is president says much about the peaceful progress on race relations in America.I believe that the black people can have equal rights and are free to live, study and work as they wish in the future,and people can truly realize their dreams regardless of their religious beliefs, colors of skin and political convictions.第二篇：英美文化(二)带来交际中的尴尬一位50来岁的美国妇女在中国任教,有一位年的中国同事请她到自己家里来吃饭,一进门,女主人就把4岁的女儿介绍给客人。
英美文化毕业论文
英美文化毕业论文英美文化素养是大学生综合文化素养中不可或缺的一部分,英美影视是大学生了解英美文化的重要途径。
下面是店铺为大家整理的英美文化毕业论文，供大家参考。
英美文化毕业论文范文一：大学生英美文学素养研究一、英美文学教育与大学生智力素质培养文学教育是激发大学生阅读文学作品兴趣、培养大学生鉴赏文学作品能力、促进大学生道德品质提升的重要途径之一。
文学教育是不分国界的，无论古今中外，只要是能够给大学生带来智力拓展、审美提升、道德促进的优秀文学作品，都应该成为大学生素质培养中的良好素材。
其中，英美文学教育在大学生的智力素质培养中占有极为重要的分量，有助于提高大学生英语语言运用的能力，拓宽大学生日常生活观察的视野，以及训练大学生独立思维观念的形成。
首先，大学生通过接受英美文学教育，可以提高其英语语言运用的能力。
在掌握了英语语言基础之后，要提高大学生具有较强的英语听、说、读、写、译等多种英语语言运用能力，使其掌握丰富的英语文化背景知识，在英语语言学习上获得质的飞跃，那么，包含英美文学作品阅读与欣赏在内的英美文学教育无疑是促使大学生提高外语水平和技能的一个有效途径和必要阶段，其可以增进大学生对西方文化的充分了解，达到既能够通过英语语言(无论是口语还是文字的形式)与国外人士进行沟通交流的目的，也能够通过文学作品的生活描述感受异域的风土人情，进而开阔自己的视野，增强自己的见识，启迪自身的心智。
在课堂内外，大学生通过广泛阅读英美文学名著和其他文学作品，或者通过积极参与英美文学诗歌的朗诵、戏剧的表演，或者通过潜心编写英美文学故事等形式，能够有效突破和摆脱大学生英语课程教学时数的极大限制，促进大学生英语语言能力和综合人文素质的提高。
比如，按照教师的教学安排，大学生选读了英国小说《简•爱》，在阅读该篇小说的基础上，大学生可以通过分析和理解小说的主题要旨、主角的性格品质、人物的心理刻画、情节的演化设计、叙述的展开角度、特定的风情描写、独特的语言风格等等，驾驭和运用自己的英语语言能力，用心灵去感受小说《简•爱》所具有的经典神韵和无穷魅力。
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昆明理工大学《英美文化》课程期末论文（2012级）论文题目：Science and Society——The Influence Factors of British Foreign Policy专业：民商法学学院：法学院姓名：周颖健学号： 2012212033 指导老师：梁庆峰填写日期： 2013年6月20日AbstractWe often say that foreign policy is a country in dealing with international affairs ,foreign relations and in diplomatic activities should follow the basic principles and action guidelines.Especially in today‟s world,the growing trend of economic globalization ,the quick development of science and technology and the increase the transnational activities brings not only opportunities but also challenges for developing nations to rejuvenate their economy.So,as a sovereign state must interact with other countries and international organizations.Through assessment and investigation of reality, countries to make a series of foreign policies and want to achieve maximize the benefits in the international cooperations.Look back at British diplomatic history, we can clearly see the modern Britain's foreign policy has through a process of changes,whether it is actively join international organizations , increase of military force , or gradually changing the Anglo-American “special relationship” to the “natural relationship”,these policies all have their own unique reasons.This paper is based on modern British foreign policy, and then analysis the influence factors .Key words: British foreign policy；change,influence factorsChapter one：How to make Britain’s foreign policyThe general direction of Britain‟s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office , the main government department, plays a significant role in the making of Britain‟s foreign policy. At the same time,many other government ministries, such as the Ministry of Defence and the Department of Trade ,Industry and the Treasury also play a part in formulating and carrying out t he government‟s decisions. But an extremely influential player in Britain‟s foreign policy is the Treasury[1](The Treasury makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year).Chapter two : The modern British foreign policyNowadays, Britain actively participate the world affairs, it was setting up the United Nations，and the UK is the permanent member of the UN Security Council.The UK participation in international organizations, and is a member of 120 international organizations such as the the European Union, the Western European Union,from the global diplomatic gradual transition into the European - dominated diplomatic relations. Britain advocates develop relationship with American and pay more attention to get along well with other big countries.Especially advocate improve the relation with China, Russia and Japan. The British keep and strengthen its military power and promote cooperation withother countries in protecting environment, world development, free economic trade and human rights. In my opinion, the influence factors of Britain's foreign policy include historical, economic, and geopolitical and psychological factors.Chapter three: Historical factor influence on modern British foreign policyBefore the 20th century, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has rely on it‟s own powerful military and economic to built a strong nation which called “the empire upon which the sun never sets ”. Its colonies almost covers a quarter of regions in the world.At that time the British government disdain to specialized in energy and capital on foreign relations.But after the two world wars,Britain could no longer maintain its empire because on the one hand the wars caused a great damage to the economy and military,on the other hand most colonies started to fight against the UK‟s colonial domination and wanted became an independent states just like Canada,Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa and India .The end of the British Empire left the UK a medium-sized European country[2].In order to fill the political control weakening,the British had to change the original “splendid isolation ”policy(光荣孤立政策).So,Britain participated in a number of important international Institutions to maintain its strong force in the world affairs.Britain join the United Nations(UN) and become one of the 5permanent members of the UN Security Council,which give Britain the abilities to have influence on world affairs.Chapter four :Anglo-American relation influence on the modern British foreign policyThe major factor which influences British foreign policy is its “special relationship” with the United State of Ame rica . The UK and the USA were closely allied during World War II and continued now,because the two countries have same worried about USSR,and they have a common language and culture,the most important thing is that both countries can gained mutual benefit in the capitalist market.However ,the “special relationship”with the USA has gone through many ups and downs.The important example is the 1956 Suez Crisis.Although the Suez Canal crisis make the relationship between the us and UK produces cracks, but still can be said “special relationship”.But in the late 60 s and 70‟s, due to the Sterling fell sharply,Britain did not to send troops to Vietnam,and the UK eventually joined the European Economic Community ,American and British special relationship has has been greatly weakened and gradually transformed into “natural relationship”. Now Britain advocates develop relationship with American and pay more attention to get along well with other big countries[3].Chapter five :Economic factors influence on the modern British foreign policyThe UK‟s economic interests and diplomatic strategy need to europeanization，and this is a fundamental reason to Promote the British foreign policy focus to Europe . After the war,British‟s economy slowly develop,but the European Economic Community(EEC)help Germany,and Italy's economic strength began to develop rapidly,which give Britain experiences that European states should work together to progress and keep peace.In order to seek a way out of the UK‟s economic recession and make full use of the EEC to provide the export market,Britain joined the EEC in 1973(EEC has been called European Union since 1993).And then the UK joined the Commonwealth of nations and other regional economic organizations,so Britain can develop a good relationship with these countries, which can give Britain more power in the world. Now, the Britain economy ranks about sixth in the world.Chapter six :Geopolitics(地缘政治) and National identity(民族认同感) influence on the modern British foreign policyThe geopolitical strategy theory is the theory base of British foreign policy and global strategy.As Britain is an island, it has created a sense of isolation in its subjects, which results in Britain‟s schizophrenic attitude to Europe[4].On the Security and Defence Policy,Britain spends more money on defence than most other developed nations and its is the 3rd largest spender in the world and is ranked 5th or 6th in terms of its military power.The presence of superpower bases in Britain,andparticipation in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO was set up in 1949).At the same time, we cannot ignore the factors of the national identity also can influence British foreign policy too. Even though Britain no longer is the biggest empire in the world and powerful enough to act independently in the world,but the British people still believe that UK also has a big influence on the international economy and international order.Wh en British‟s government make the foreign policy,it a lways to protect their own national characters as the policy choices and principles[5].The chief objectives of UK‟s the foreign policy are to enhance its security and prosperity at home and protect its interests in the international cooperation. Its foreign policies make Britain still keep its important position in the world affairs.References[1] 盛红生,英国政治发展与对外政策[M]，世界知识出版社，第281页[2] 刘亚莉，英国对外政策的新挑调整[J]，世界经济与政治论坛，2004年第三期[3] Robin Niblett，Choosing between America and Europe: a new context for British foreign policy[J],International Affairs,2007,V ol.83(4), pp.627-641[4] Pascal Venier,The geographical pivot of history and early twentieth century geopolitical culture[J],Geographical Journal, 2004, V ol.170 (4), pp.330-336[5]Daphne Halikio-poulouan,Sofia Vasilopoulou,Towards a …Civic‟ Narrative: British National Identity and the Transformation of the British National Party[J],The Political Quarterly,2010, V ol.81 (4), pp.583-592。