英语国家概况(课后问答题).docx

英语国家概况（课后问答题）

第一部分英国概况

1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United

Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?

Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.

2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?

They are England, Scotland and Wales

3.What is the official name of

Great Britain ？

The United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Northern Ireland

4. Where did the King Harold defeat

Tostig and Harold Hardrada?

( At Stanford Bridge)

5.What did William do after he

suppressed镇压the Saxon risings in the north?

(He built a string of defense 防卫

castles to ensure his military control of

the whole country.)

6.How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?

( For nearly 400 years)

7 What was the peculiar features of

the feudal system of England?

(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-

chief or subtenants, took the oath of

allegiance for the land they held, not

only to their immediate lord, but also to

the king.)

8 What did Willliam I leave to his

sons after he died?

( He left Normandy to his eldest son,

Robert, and England to his second son

William, and a large sum of money to

his third son, Henry.)9 What was William I ’ spolicy

towards the church?

(He wanted to keep it completely under

his control, but at the same time to

upload its power.)

10 When was the Domesday Book

completed?

( In 1086)

11 What was the consequence of the

Hundred Years ’ War?

(The French drove the English out of

their land. By 1453, Calais was the only

part of France that was still in the hands

of English)

12 What did the Lollards preach?

(The Lollards preached the equality of

men before God)

13 What were the two

countries

Elizabeth I successfully played off

against each other for nearly30

years?

( France and Spain were the two

countries that Elizabeth I successfully

played off against each other for nearly

30 years)

14 What was the outcome 结果of

the English Civil War?

(It not only overthrew feudal system in

England but also shook the foundation

of the feudal rule in Europe. It is

generally regarded as the beginning of

modern world history.)

15 What were the three main causes

of Henry VIII’religious reform of

the Church?

( The three main causes were: a desire

for change and reform in the Church

had been growing for many years and

now, encouraged by the success of

Marin Luther, many people believed its

time had come; the privilege and wealth

of the clergy were also resented; and

Henry needed money)

16 Which party did Margaret

Thatcher represent in the 1970s?

(She represented the Conservative

Party)

17 What did the Whigs stand for in

the early 19 th century?

Whigs stood for a reduction in Crown

patronage,sympathy towards

Nonconformists, and care for the

interests of merchants and bankers.

18 Why did changes in farming

methods改变耕作方式 affect lives of

millions in the 18th century?

(Because village and agriculture were

the backbone of England at that time.)

19 When did Britain finally become

a full member of the European

Economic Community?

(Britain finally became a full member

of the European Economic Community

in January, 1973)

没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcher

removed from office in 1990?

(It was because of her opposition to

European Union and her imposition of an

extremely unpopular flatrate ‘ poll

tax ’in place of property taxes to pay for

local government service.

21 What were the two groups of the

Chartiests?What was their

difference?

(The Chartists could be divided into

two groups: the Moral Force Chartists

and the Physical Force Chartists. The

former wanted to realize their aims by

peaceful means while the latter wanted

to achieve their purpose by violence)

22 What was the goal of the London

Working Men’ s Association in its

struggle?

(It aimed to ‘to seek by every legal

means to place all classes of society in

possession of equal political and social

rights)