7月全国自考英语科技文选试题及答案解析

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2020年7月全国自考英语科技文选试题及答案解析

全国自考2018年7月英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836PART A：VOCABULARYI．Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8%)1．consciously 意识1．______________2．variant 不变量2．______________3．guarantee 保证人3．______________4．play 相互作用4．______________5．scan 扫描仪5．______________6．diversify 变化；不同之处6．______________7．nourished 营养不良的7．______________8．rhythm 有节奏地8．______________II．Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form. (12%)after all expose to contribute to a spectrum of in relation to response toa shower of delve into shake up (with)run for emanate from incomparison9．More people than ever before are _________ the city council.10．The whole world today is so much _________ the word “biotechnology” that it has become a strong belief that this is “the field” which will give solution to our “any” problem. 11．The money he had been ordered to pay was minimal _________ his salary.112．The law was passed by the town council in_________ complaints from local residents. 13．He should do well at college; _________, he is a very smart boy.14．Pollution _________ these sites and the movement of diseases across ecosystems have turned some environments off aquaculture.15．_________, photographs are recorded images of the intensity of ordinary, incoherent light.16．Everyone on the team _________ winning the game last Saturday.17．There’s _________ opinion on this question.18．A0620-00 was discovered in 1975, when it emitted _________ light and X rays. 19．Kate _________ new ideas when she went to college.20．Mary said she was tired of journalists’ digging and _________ her private life.III. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)true to called contain exclusively animals live diet fit eatA carnivore is an animal that eats a diet consisting mainly of meat, whether it comes from21 animals or dead ones (scavenging). Some 22 are considered carnivores even if their diets 23 very little meat (e.g., predatory arthropods such as spiders or mantids that may rarely consume small vertebrate prey). Animals that subsist on a 24 consisting only of meat are referred to as obligate carnivores. The word also refers 25 the mammals of the Order Carnivora, many (but not all) of which 26 the first definition. Bears are an example of members of Carnivora that are not 27 carnivores. Carnivores that 28 insects primarily or exclusively are 29 insectivores, while those that eat fish primarily or 30 are called piscivores.PART B：TRANSLATIONIV．Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)cater for analytical draw on do justice to sth./sb. arbitrary231．她要做的事太多，因此没有好好上课。

2020年7月全国自考综合英语(一)试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月自考综合英语(一)试题课程代码：00794I. 用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填在答题纸相应的位置上。

(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. I planned（）the task before last Sunday, but failed because of a bad cold.A. to finishB. to have finishedC. finishingD. having finished2. Tom has been writing letters all morning, but he should finish them by now,（）?A. has heB. hasn’t heC. should heD. shouldn’t he3. We can make some changes in the plan（）you find anything improper.A. in caseB. unlessC. so thatD. even though4. The manner in which he talked reminded me（）his grandfather.A. inB. byC. ofD. towards5. He has made another wonderful discovery,（）of great importance to science.A. I think which itB. which I think isC. that I think isD. which I think it is6. It’s 10∶00 a.m. Mr. Johnson（）home now, for he told me that he would meet me in his office at this time.A. must beB. mustn’t beC. can beD. can’t be17. If only we（）as we were told! This would never have happened.A. didB. had doneC. would doD. would have done8. The key（）success is hardworking and persistence.A. onB. forC. toD. of9. For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only（）to come again the next day.A. to tellB. to be toldC. being toldD. telling10. In our opinion, there is much（）in their proposal.A. to improveB. improvingC. to be improvedD. to have been improved11. Hardly had he rushed out of the gate（）the whole building collapsed right behind him.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. that12. His report is（）it gives a quite clear idea of every fact.A. written as well thatB. written too well thatC. written so well thatD. written well so as13. The book is much too difficult for me; most of it is quite（）my understanding.A. overB. behindC. againstD. beyond14. She will have some visitors tomorrow, so the has to have somebody（）her six-bedroom house today.A. cleanedB. cleaningC. cleanD. to be cleaned215. The wife blamed the husband for not having told her that they were（）short of money.A. turningB. runningC. goingD. proving16. It is hardly（）that I shall be able to present on the occasion.A. possiblyB. feasibleC. incredibleD. likely17. John won’t go hunting tomorrow, and（）.A. won’t his brother neitherB. won’t his brother eitherC. neither his brother willD. neither will his brother18. However hard I tried, I could not（）him that he was wrong.A. believeB. ensureC. convinceD. persuade19. After three days, he came（）. But staring at his wife and children, he could recognize none of them.A. outB. upC. acrossD. to20.（）to our disappointment, all our efforts were proved useless.A. ManyB. MuchC. MoreD. SuchII. 认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

2023年全国7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读一试题

全国2023年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题请将答案填在答题纸对应位置上，所有题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)1. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食旳), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each Consumer must evaluate her or his own situation．Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers．but it does not force them to buy the product．Consumers still controlthe final buying decision．1.Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by________.A.stressing their high qualityB.convincing him of their low priceC.maintaining a balance between quality and priceD.appealing to his buying motives2.The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that______.A.thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB.the loaf was cut into regular slicesC.the bread was not genuine breadD.the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same3.According to the passage，which 0f the following statements is true?A.Sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs.B.Advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need.C.The buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements.D.Fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment.4.It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should______.A.think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsB.guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsC.be familiar with various advertising strategiesD.avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal5.The passage is mainly about______.A.how to make a wise buying decisionB.ways to protect the interests of the consumerC.the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD.the function of advertisements in promoting salesPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓旳) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税旳). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.6. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality____.A. enjoy having a professional identityB. still judge a man by his clothesC. hold the uniform in such high regardD. respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform7. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform______.A. appears to be more practicalB. suggests quality workC. discards his social identityD. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes8. The chief function of a uniform is to______.A. provide the wearer with a professional identityB. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfC. provide practical benefits to the wearerD. make the wearer catch the public eye9. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ______.A. tend to lose their individualityB. are usually helpfulC. look like generalsD. have little or no individual freedom10. The best title for this passage would be______.A. Uniforms and SocietyB. Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsC. The Importance of Wearing a UniformD. Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.British newspapers can be classified into groups according to various criteria, such as area of distribution, size of sales, socioeconomic class of their readers, days (and times) of publication, and political bias. Each of these different criteria will lead to more or less different groupings.With regard to the area of distribution a fairly clear distinction can be made between national papers and local papers. The national, e.g. The Times, Daily Mirror and Sunday Express, are readily obtainable in virtually all parts of the United Kingdom at the same time. On the other hand, local papers, e.g. Yorkshire Post or Liverpool Echo, serve a particular area, and outside that area must be specially ordered.As regards the sales figures, we must recognize that there is no clear line that will distinguish between large and small sales. However, we make a somewhat arbitrary distinction here, partly based on copies sold, but also influenced by the type of content of the papers. This separates the so-called “popular” papers from the “quality” papers: the “qualities”, like SundayTimes or Financial Times, tend to have larger, more serious arti cles than the “populars”, such as The People or News of the World.Regarding the socioeconomic class of the readers, a classification on these lines will to a large extent reflect the above distinction into quality and popular. This is because the quality papers are mostly intended for the upper income groups, while the popular papers find their readers among the lower socioeconomic groups. Thus, a reader of The Observer or Financial Times, which are quality papers, is likely to be an educated person with quite a good income, while a reader of Daily Mail or The Sun is more likely to be a less well-educated person with a lower income.As to the days of publication, most British papers are either so-called “daily papers”, (which in tact do not appear on Sundays), e.g. The Guardian or The Scotsman, or Sunday papers, like Sunday Times or News of the world. Local papers with small circulations, however, might appear only once or twice a week, or even less frequently, depending on the demand for them. Concerning the time of publication, the vast majority are morning papers, i.e. they go on sale early in the morning, while the minority are the so-called “evening” papers, whose sales might start as early as midday, and then continue until the evening.11. According to various criteria British newspapers can be classified into______.A. national papers and local papersB. “qualities” and “populars”C. morning papers and evening papersD. all of the above12. The Times, Daily Mirror, and Sunday Express are readily obtainable in virtually all parts of the UK at the same time. Therefore, they are______.A. so-called “daily paper”B. national papersC. popular papersD. local papers13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The “'quality” papers te nd to have large, more serious articles than the “populars”.B. The “popular” papers have larger sales.C. The “quality” papers find their readers among the upper income groups.D. A reader of the “qualities” is likely to be a less well-educated person with a lower income.14. As to the days of publication, British daily papers appear______.A. only on SundaysB. only once or twice a weekC. every day except on SundaysD. every day15. Sales of the so-called “evening” papers might start______.A. early in the morningB. as early as noonC. in the eveningD. at midnightPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supposing players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a minor of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses and the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men ar e created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the caw, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children —disabled or not—to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools takethe necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.16. In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show thatA. the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB. exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children areC. exceptional children are the key interest of the family and societyD. the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children17. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_______.A. they are expected to be leaders of the societyB. they might become a burden of the societyC. they should fully develop their potentialD. disabled children deserve special consideration18. The word “denote” in the fourth paragraph most probably means_______.A. translateB. indicateC. blameD. ignore19. This passage mainly deals with ____A. the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB. the definition of exceptional children in modern societyC. the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD. the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children20. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children_______.A. is now enjoying legal supportB. disagrees with the tradition of the countryC. was clearly stated by the country’s foundersD. will exert great influence over court decisionsII. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)Passage FiveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.The human thumb made man. Its development was as important an event in man’s growth as his success in learning to walk upright. The thumb shaped the human hand. Without it, man might not have survived. Luckily, the hand developed only one thumb. Two thumbs on one hand would be like having two or more cooks in a small kitchen. They would get in each other’s way. As one English writer said almost 500 years ago, “Ah, each finger today is a thumb, I think.”That is how we still describe a man who cannot get anything right. We say he is “all thumbs”. There are days when this happens to all of us, days when everything we do seems to go wrong. We cannot even get the right shoes on. The typist cannot hit the right key. The carpenter’s hammer misses the nail and hits his finger. Nothing can be done but throw up one’s hands and moan (悲叹), “God, I am all thumbs today!”Clearly, the hand can have just one master—the thumb. It gives the hand a freedom and control of movement that are beautiful to see. This can be seen in old sculptures and stone carvings. We have a special phrase to express this mastery of the thumb. When one is ruled by another, completely controlled by him, we say the pe rson is “under the other’s thumb”. A sick man, for example, often finds himself “under his doctor’s thumb”. Tenants have often complained about being“under the thumb of the landlord”.There was a time, very long ago, when such tenants might in anger “bite their thumbs” at the landlord. Such a gesture was an insult that could not be accepted lightly. People no longer do this. But they do something as childish and as offensive and ugly. They “thumb their noses” at somebody they want to defy or insult.21. If a person has two or more thumbs on one hand, he would______.A. do more thingsB. have a lot of troubleC. work as two or more cooksD. become a writer22. Without ______man might not have survived.A. the cookB. the thumbC. the fingerD. the writer23. When a person says “I am all thumbs today”, he means that_______.A. he can’t get the right shoes onB. his hammer misses the nail and hits his fingerC. he does everything smoothlyD. he can’t get everything right24. When a person is completely controlled by another person, _______.A. we say that he is “all thumbs”B. we say that he has “a great thumb”C.. we say that he is “under the other’s thumb”D. he turns thumb down on him25. When you want to insult someone, you can_______.A. put your thumb on your noseB. wave your thumb at himC. put him under your thumbD. do nothing with your thumbPassage SixQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.Where did the movies begin? It is often said that they are an American invention, but this is not entirely true. The motion picture has been the most international of arts before the dawn of the 20th century.Soon after 1889, when the famous American inventor Thomas Edison first showed motion pictures through a device called the kinetoscope, other devices for the same purpose appeared all over the world. One other important contribution by Edison was the introduction of 35mm as the international standard film width. When it became possible to use any 35mm machine for showing movies from any part of the world, the international trading of films could begin.During the first years, there were no special movie theaters. Films were often shown in buildings which had formerly beenstores. In America, these became known as nickelodeons because each member of the audience paid a nickel (five cents) to watch the movie.At first, movies pleased people just because the experience of watching them was new. In the black and white shadows, one could see larger-than-life images of reality and they moved! But images alone cannot keep people interested forever. Then cameras were taken to South Africa and Cuba to photograph wars in action. Prizefights were filmed, and so were religious processions. But none of these attractions could please the crowds for long.What gave the movies the possibility of becoming an art form was the introduction of narrative. Someone realized that a film could tell a story.Edwin S. Porter was a director and cameraman for Thomas Edison’s company. He advanced the art of the film by a giant step when, in 1903, he produced The Great Train Robbery.Although this account of a mail robbery and the pursuit of the robbers was very simple, it required the filming of several different locations. The result was a film that not only shifted freely from place to place but even enabled viewers to see two actions that occurred at the same time. They watched the robbers escape and then saw the pursuers gathering for the pursuit. Within this brief, eight-minute movie lay the seeds of a true art form.In 1908, Biograph, a small film company in New York, employed a man who was to become the first true genius of motion pictures. He was D. W. Griffith, an unsuccessful actor and writer of plays, who had worked briefly for Porter. Griffith preferred writing to acting, but at Biograph he worked as a writer, an actor and a director. In less than five years, he directed almost 300 pictures, raised Biograph to a leading position among film companies, and laid the foundations for modernfilm art.26. The first motion pictures were shown by Thomas Edison in_______.A. 1889B. 1903C. 1907D. 190827. _______ made the international trading of films possible.A. The use of nickelsB. Movie theatersC. The introduction of 35mm as the international standard film widthD. A device called the kinetoscope28. _______made it possible for films to become an art form.A. Larger-than-life images of realityB. The fact that wars were filmedC. PrizefightD. The introduction of narrative29. The writer said that Porter advanced the art of the film by a giant step in producing The Great Train Robbery.This is probably because the film_______.A. had a title which had a tremendous effectB. was the longest at that timeC. was produced by a directorD. required the filming of several different locations30. _______is regarded as the first true genius of motion picture.A. EdisonB. PorterC. GriffithD. BiographIlI. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.WORLD WAR II, the name commonly given to the global conflict of 1939-1945. It was the greatest and most destructive war in history. 31. _______, World War II included gigantic struggles not only in Europe but in Asia, Africa, and the far-flung (广泛旳,漫长旳) islands of the Pacific as well. More than 17 million members of the armed forces of the various belligerents (交战国) perished during the conflict. Its conduct strained the economic capabilities of the major nations and left manycountries on the edge of collapse.At the end of World War I the victorious nations formed the League of Nations for the purpose of airing international disputes, and of mobilizing its members for a collective effort to keep the peace in the event of aggression by any nation against another or of a breach (对法律、义务等旳违犯) of the peace treaties. The United States, imbued (鼓吹) with isolationism, did not become a member. The League failed in its first test. In 1931 the Japanese, using as an excuse the explosion of a small bomb under a section of track of the South Manchuria Railroad (over which they had virtual control), initiated military operations designed to conquer all of Manchuria. 32. _______ Thereupon, Japan resigned from the League. Meanwhile, Manchuria had been overrun and transformed into a Japanese puppet state under the name of Manchukuo. 33. _______.In 1933 also, Adolf Hitler came to power as dictator of Germany and began to rearm the country in contravention (违反，违反) of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. 34.___. That year the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini began his long-contemplated invasion of Ethiopia, which he desired as an economic colony. 35. _______. British and French efforts to effect a compromise settlement failed, and Ethiopia was completely occupied by the Italians in 1936.Alarmed by German rearmament, France sought an alliance with the USSR. Under the pretext that this endangered Germany, Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936. 36. _______. Emboldened by this success, Hitler intensified his campaign for Lebensraum (space for living) for the German people. 37. _______. In September, as Hitler increased his demands on the Czechs and war seemed imminent, the British and French arranged a conference with Hitler and Mussolini. At the Munich Conference they agreed to German occupation of the Sudetenland, Hitler’s asserted last claim, in the hope of maintaining peace. This hope was short lived, for in March 1939, Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia and seized the former German port of Memel from Lithuania. There followed demands on Poland with regard to Danzig (波兰港口) and the Polish Corridor. 38. _______. After surprising the world with the announcement of a nonaggression pact (公约) with his sworn foe, the Soviet Union, he sent his armies across the Polish border on Sept. 1, 1939.39. _______.As the Germans devastated Poland, the Russians moved into the eastern part of the country and began the process that was to lead to the absorption in 1940 of Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. They also made demands on Finland. 40. _______.Meanwhile, Japan had undertaken military operations for the subjugation of China proper, and was making preparationsfor the expansion of its empire into Southeast Asia and the rich island groups of the Southwest Pacific. Mussolini watched the progress of his fellow dictator, Hitler, while preparing to join in the war at a favorable moment.(From The World War II in Brief)A. The League voted minor sanctions (制裁) against Italy, but these had slight practical effectB. He denounced the provisions of that treaty that limited German armament and in 1935 reinstituted compulsory military serviceC. Whereas military operations in World War I were conducted primarily on the European continentD. He forcibly annexed (吞并) Austria in March 1938, and then, charging abuse of German minorities, threatened CzechoslovakiaE. Because of a lack of resources, Allied strategy had envisioned the prior defeat of Germany while remaining on the defensive against the JapaneseF. After receiving the report of its commission of inquiry, the League adopted a resolution in 1933 calling on the Japanese to withdrawG. The Poles remained adamant (顽强旳，坚决旳), and it became clear to Hitler that he could attain his objectives only by forceH. Beset (缠扰) by friction and dissension (冲突，纠纷) among its members, the League took no further actionI. Britain and France, pledged to support Poland in the event of aggression, declared war on Germany two days laterJ. It was a dangerous venture, for Britain and France could have overwhelmed Germany, but, resolved to keep the peace, they took no actionK. The recalcitrant (顽抗旳) Finns were subdued in the Winter War of 1939-1940, but only after dealing the Russians several humiliating military reversesL. War’s end found the United States and the USSR the two greatest powers in the worldIV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. (significant) It is a waste of time to listen to his ______talk.42. (astonish) I was ______ at the news of his escape.43. (bankruptcy) Our business is at the crossing. If this deal does not succeed, we shallbe______.44. (vain) Before they fled the country, the enemy ______attempted to destroy all thefactories.45. (extinct) His movie of the______of dinosaurs was a great success.46. (exist) In her speech, the Minister came out against any change to the ______law.47. (patient) The nurse has been criticized for the third time for she is always ______withher patients.48. (mystery) There are many______stories about the Egyptian pyramids.49. (valid) This ticket has passed its expiration date, and so it is now______.50. (deprivation) If you drive too fast, the police will______you of your licence.V. Gap Filling. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Before the war ended, these thirteen states realized that they would need to work together in peacetime as they had been 51. ______ to do in wartime. In 1782 they put into effect a plan for 52.______ under a federal system. This meant that each of the states would remain 53. ______ in many ways but would join with the others in a government that would be able to do thingsthat individual states could not do by themselves with success. Unfortunately this plan did not provide for a federal government strong enough to 54.______ it to do what needed to be done. This became clear after a few years of experience. In 1786 a call went out to all the states inviting them to send delegates to a meeting to be held in Philadelphia in the spring of 1787. This meeting was the Constitutional Convention, a great 55.________ point in American history.No more important meeting has ever been held in America. To it came fifty-five men, 56. ______ them some of the most famous men in our history. They included George Washington who presided over the convention, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. They worked 57.______ and in secret from May well into September and adjourned only after they had written a new plan of government to be sent to the thirteen states for 58.______ The document was the Constitution of the United States. A great English statesman called this constitution “the most 59. ______ work known to me in modern times to have been produced by the human intellect, at a single stroke (so to speak), in its 60. ______ to political affairs.” Before 1788 had ended, the Constitution had been approved in most of the states and in 1789 it went into effect. Since then it has been the fundamental law of the nation.(From The Constitution of the United States) VI. Short Answer Questions. (10 points, 5 points for each)Directions: The following 2 questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.61. What’s the function of education in a society? Why does the public education show great interest in exceptional children?62. What does the statement “All men are created equal.” mean according to the passage?VII. Translation. (10 points, 2 points for each)Directions: The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraphs carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts.It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. 63. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarter overlooking a cemetery and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together. She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and。

7月全国自考英语科技文选试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836I. Directions: Add the appropriate affix(es) to each word according to the given Chinese,making changes when necessary.(10%)1. requisite 先决条件 1.______2. cast 预报 2.______3. system 系统化 3.______4. strength 加强 4.______5. sense 感觉的 5.______6. poison 有毒的 6.______7. mathematics 元数学7.______8. cluster 超星系团8.______9. conductor 半导体9.______10. media 多媒体10.______Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words and phrases below in its proper form.(10%)allot show up alternative bear out inject with end uphave a bearing on be familiar with bump into what’s more11. Eventually we shall be able to “humanize”animals by ______ them ______ human genes fortransplantation purposes, so that their organs will become compatible with the body of the person receiving the transplant.12. These insights were later ______ by the observations made by Gregor Mendel in the secondhalf of the nineteenth century.13. Men are from Mars, women from Venus.______, women do phonological processing withboth their right and left inferior frontal gyri.14. Such a book would be by no means academic, but would ______ wide ______ the generalhistory of thought and ideas.15. Every day, however, we ______ phenomena that may well be unknowable but that we do notrecognize as such.16. Anyone who needs to understand how various substances interact, or how they change whenconditions change, has to ______ some of the fundamental principles of chemistry.17. Defects ______ as variations from the perfect model because they produce an interferencepattern.18. The group leader ______ a special task to each person.19. But FM-RI is more precise than other techniques—which is how she and her husband ______discovering sex differences in phonological processing, or letter-to-sound conversion.120. It takes time to develop ______ energy sources.ⅢA noteworthy advance in agricultural technology will be expert computer systems that21 knowledge from many disciplines to help guide farmers’ action. Several 22 “decision support systems”are now 23 development to aid farmers with soil management. Most 24 are systems for handling phosphorus deficiency and 25 acidity, but others are in the offing. 26 computer applications not only present an expert analysis 27 what is known and the effect a 28 management approach might produce, but they also can 29 key gaps in knowledge that might be addressed by 30 data collection.The strength of expert systems is 31 they can combine scientific principles with indigenous farming 32 A weakness is that they may not provide 33 answers for situations that evolve rapidly. 34 approach, involving numerical simulations, can35 deal with continuously changing effects such as weather. The aim 36 is to integrate expert systems and simulation models. 37 this goal is accomplished, farmers will 38 use computer-based tools to 39 control pests, reduce water 40 and manage many different kinds of crops.21.__________ 22.__________23.__________ 24.__________25.__________ 26.__________27.__________ 28.__________29.__________ 30.__________31.__________ 32.__________33.__________ 34.__________35.__________ 36.__________37.__________ 38.__________39.__________ 40.__________Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below.(10%)in common be regarded as bump intoafford untanglebe incompatible41. 在许多情况下，接受器官移植的身体对移植器官有排他性。

浙江7月自学考试英语(一)试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自学考试英语(一)试题课程代码：00012Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure(10 points, 1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题纸相应的位置上。

1.I love my home-town______I spent my childhooD.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that2.Once his curiosity______, he uses certain methods and procedures to obtain new knowledge and great understanding.A. has arousedB. has arisenC. has been arousedD. has been arisen3.He______a happier life if he were living alone.A. livedB. can liveC. would have livedD. could live4.______ the moon moves round the earth is well knowen to all of us.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. As5.He ______the 9∶20 train because he didn't leave home till 9∶25.A. may not catchB. can catchC. couldn't have caughtD. could catch6.If my project isn't______of by the headmaster all my work will have been wasted.A. disapprovedB. approvedC. disapprovalD. approval7.The fund was______for setting up a telecommunication system.A. intendedB. interruptedC. interactedD. inserted8.The children______well at the table yesterday.A. expressedB. conductedC. showedD. behaved9.Your mind will______your reading speed if you ask it to.A. pay attention toB. be alert toC. keep up withD. be aware of10.The reporter______wanted to ask her a few questions, not to make her angry.A. merelyB. suddenlyC. firstlyD. finallyⅡ.Mistake Recognition(10 points, 1 point for each)(下面的句子中每个句子都有四处划线并标以A 、B 、C 、D ，其中有一处错误的。

自考-英语科技文选精要(附答案)ppt课件

polygon---polygonal circular---semicircular inscribe---inscription approximate---approximation compute---computer lengthy---length refine---refinement extend---extension
4. We do not see that we may be proceeding down a narrow path of knowledge and that if we look slightly left or right we will be staring directly at the unknown.
20. to be obsessed with 21. set about learning the language 22. with reference to 23. by no means 24. have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas 25. embark on 26. cannot afford 27. lose his early vision of 28. make his work more accessible in every possible way 29. accomplish himself 30. to be fully occupied 31. to be associated with him
英语科技文选串讲
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1
参考教材：
李碧嘉主编：《英语科技文选》
串讲方式：
I. Affix （涉及考试第一题） II. Key Words and Phrases （涉及考试第二和第三题） III. Translation （涉及翻译）

7月全国英语阅读(一)自考试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. Vocabulary. (10%)Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets. Write the word on the Answer Sheet.1. (inferior)Having realized her bodily ________ to her cousins, Jane Eyre dreaded coming home.2. (stir)His ________ speech encouraged us to study even harder.3. (propose)Shall we discuss the intention book ________last week.4. (sympathy)I know you feel angry, and I ________ you.5. (conspicuous)The shy girl tried to make herself as ________ as possible.6. (dignify)Our English teacher is a ________ lady.7. (agree)Smile at me, and stop being so________.8. (caution)She opened the door ________so as not to wake the bady.9. (commit)He has a lot of ________for he has agreed to pay his brother’s school expenses.10. (exasperate)The ________ noise upstairs made me upset.Ⅱ. Text Comprehension. (20%)According to the texts you have learned, decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T or F on the Answer Sheet.1. In No Marriage, No Apologies, families and households are the same concepts.2. In The Decameron, Filomena’s story was concerned with the people in the royal palace.3. According to Bringing up Children, an adult’s character is in a great measure decided by hischildhood experiences.4. In A Day’s Wait, what led the boy to think that he was going to die was that he mistook theFahrenheit scale for the Celsius one.5. In How to Live Like a Millionaire, according to the author, marriage is one of the importantfactors in building wealth.6. In Rip Van Winkle, Rip had formed the habit of being agreeable to all by thinking highly ofeveryone except his wife.7. In The Lady or the Tiger, the king was cruel and had none of the grace and polish of hisneighbors.8. In New Applications, the bank manager, AI Gropin, was such an extravagant person that he wasnot accepted by many people in the town.9. According to The World at War, Britain favored the camp of Germany because Francethreatened her interests in Africa and Russia threatened her Indian border.110. According to The Story of the Bible, the face of nature was a formless mass in darkness in thebeginning.11. According to Stories from Greek Myths, Prometheus had never rebelled against Zeus’supremacy; his only crime was to help mortal men to raise themselves above all animals. 12. In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the author does not agree that International languagescan make successful translations of fictions.13. According to What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot, in early courtship bothman and woman are behaving awkwardly, often very uncertain as to what is best to say.14. In The Girls in Their Summer Dresses, Frances said,“Look out you’ll break your neck. ”Shesaid so to warn her husband of the danger in the street.15. In True Love, Joe’s task is to search for the ideal woman for himself.16. In Jane Eyre, Mrs. Reed didn’t allow Jane to join the company of her son and daughters.17. According to The Merchant of Venice, many noble and princely suitors wished to marry Portiabecause she inherited a large sum of money from her father who had died recently.18. In The canterbury Tales, the three young men forgot their attempt to find out and kill Deathwhen they caught a glance of great number of gold pieces on the ground.19. In The Necklace, the heroine was pretty and charming, but she was unfortunately born into afamily of a factory worker.20. According to How Gorge, Once upon a Time, Got up Early in the Morning, Gorge’s watchwent wrong one evening and stopped at a quarter past eight because he hung it up over his pillow without ever looking at it.Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension. (50%)Section A: Reading Comprehension In this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 options marked A,B,C, and D, you should decide on the best one and write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (40%)Passage 1Telecommuting —substituting the computer for the trip to the job—has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility, in some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies-to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer2programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes into his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays at home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employee’s situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.1. What is the main subject of the passage?A. Business management policiesB. Driving to workC. Extending the workplace by means of computersD. Computers for child-care purposes2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for office employees?A. Being restricted to the officeB. Incurring expenses for lunches and clothingC. Taking care of sick childrenD. Driving in heavy traffic3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solvedby telecommuting?A. Employees’ lateness for workB. Employees’ absence from workC. Employees’ need for time alone to work intensivelyD. Employees’ conflicts with second jobs4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting?A. Small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play.B. Computer technology is not advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation.C. Electrical malfunctions can destroy a project.D. The worker often does not have all the needed resources at home.5. Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?A. A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space stationB. A technical writer sending via computer documents created at homeC. A computer technician repairing an office computer network3D. A teacher directing computer assisted learning, in a private schoolPassage 2No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so, they enlarged the traditional bounds of a women’s world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. “Men do not believe us capable. ”the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. “Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job. ”Indeed old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne－herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation－he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force.Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds.Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender:“My flight was done with no expectation of reward,”she declared, “just purely for the love of accomplishment. ”6. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. A Long FlightB. Women in Aviation HistoryC. Dangers Faced by PilotsD. Women Spectators7. According to the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following EXCEPT________.A. challenging the conventional role of womenB. contributing to the science of aviationC. winning universal recognition from menD. building the confidence of women8. What can be inferred from the passage about the United States Air Force in 1938?A. It had no women pilots.B. It gave pilots handsome salaries.C. It had old planes that were in need of repair.D. It could not be trusted to do an efficient job.9. In their efforts to compete with men, early women pilots had difficulty in________.A. addressing clubsB. flying nonstop4C. setting recordsD. raising money10. According to the passage, who said that flying was done with no expectation of reward?A. Amelia EarhartB. Charles LindberghC. Anne LindberghD. Ruth LawPassage 3Of all the folk artists in the United States the most well known of the twentieth century is certainly Grandma Moses-Anna Mary Robertson Moses(1860-1961). She was also the most successful within her lifetime and her work was reproduced on greeting cards and calendars and in prints. As with many folk artists, her career as a painter started late in life, at the age of 67, but she continued painting until her death at the age of 101, so her active painting life still spanned over 34 years.Her subjects are based on the New England countryside and evoke a strong mood of nostalgia. Many of her early paintings are copies of, or use sections from, prints by Currier and Ives that she then recomposed in her own way. In her versions the figures became more stylized and the landscapes less naturalistic. Her painting was preceded by the production of landscapes in needlework, and it was only the onset of arthritis that forced the change of medium. The images, however, continued the same, and she reexecuted some of her needlework landscapes in paint at a later date.From these early sources she then began to compose original paintings such as Housick Falls, New York in Winter (1944) that relied on her surroundings and her memories of country life and activities; these paintings display an increasing technical ability. By the 1940’s her work had become a marketable commodity and collectors created a demand for her paintings.Like many painters of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Grandma Moses made use of photographs for information, for figures, for fragments of landscape, and for buildings, but her work, especially that of her later years, was not a slavish copying of these but compositions using them as source material. Her output was prodigious, and consequently her work is of varying quality. Although much of her public appeal is based on the emotive image of the“Grandma”figure producing naive pictures of country life, her paintings place her among the top folk painters of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.11. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The painting materials used by Grandma MosesB. The major artistic influences on Grandma MosesC. The folk art of Grandma MosesD. The life of Grandma Moses12. According to the passage, Grandma Moses started her painting career.A. whithout much successB. in her sixtiesC. after much studyD. by producing greeting cards13. Why does the author mention Currier and Ives in lines 8-9?5A. They are folk artistsB. They collected many of Grandma Moses’ paintingsC. They made calendars from Grandma Moses’ landscapesD. Grandma Moses based some paintings on their work14. According to the passage, Grandma Moses switched from needlework to painting becauseof________.A. her desire to create landscapesB. the public’s interest in paintingC. her need to make moneyD. a physical condition that affected her15. The word“naive”in line 24 is closest in meaning to which of the following?A. UnsophisticatedB. IgnorantC. UnspoiledD. TrustingPassage 4Before the 1850’s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between midcentury and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.616. The word“this”in line 14 refers to which of the following?A. Creating and passing on knowledgeB. Drilling and learning by roteC. Disciplining studentsD. Developing moral principles17. According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to.A. discuss moral issuesB. study the classics, rhetoric, and musicC. study overseasD. work more independently18. The word“constricted”in line 21 is closest in meaning to which of the following?A. MandatoryB. LimitedC. ChallengingD. Competitive19. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1850, all of the following were characteristic ofhigher education EXCEPT________.A. the elective systemB. drillingC. strict disciplineD. rote learning20. Those who favored the new university would be most likely to agree with which of thefollowing statements?A. Learning is best achieved through discipline and drill.B. Shaping the moral character of students should be the primary goal.C. Higher education should prepare students to contribute to society.D. Teachers should select their students’ courses.Section B: Skimming and ScanningIn this part there are 2 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 options marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan them and decide on the best answer and write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (10%)Passage 1Taking natural objects such as rocks, bones, clouds and flowers for subject matter, Georgia O’Keeffe reduced them to their simplest form, often by employing a close-up view or some other unusual vantage point. With such techniques, including the use of thin paint and clear colors to emphasize a feeling of mystical silence and space, she achieved an abstract simplicity in her paintings. O’Keeffe spent a summer in New Mexico in 1929 and the bleak landscape and broad skies of the desert so appealed to her that she later settled there permanently. Cows’ skulls and other bare bones found in the desert were frequent motifs in her paintings. Other common subjects included flowers, the sky, and the horizon lines of the desert. After O’Keeffe’s three-month trip around the world by plane in 1959, the sky“paved with clouds”as seen from an airplane also became one of her favorite motifs and the subject of her largest work, a 24-foot mural that she began in 1966.21. With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?A. Georgia O’Keeffe’s trip around the worldB. The private life of Georgia O’Keeffe7C. The paintings of Georgia O’KeeffeD. Georgia O’Keeffe’s greatest work of art22. Which of the following is an example of something often painted by O’Keeffe?A. An airportB. A deserted streetC. An astronaut in outer spaceD. A cloud formation23. With which of the following statements concerning Georgia O’Keeffe’s paintings would theauthor of the passage be most likely to agree?A. They generally create a sense of stillness and open spaceB. They are so realistic that they often resemble ordinary photographic imagesC. Most of them are portraits of the painter’s friends and relativesD. They represent humans in an eternal struggle with the forces of nature24. Which of the following aspects of the desert landscape is NOT mentioned by the author as onethat attracted O’Keeffe’s attention?A. BonesB. SandC. The skyD. FlowersPassage 2In general, as soon as the newborn child’s muscles, sense organs, and nerves are fully formed, the child begins to use them. But much of the human nervous system is not fully developed until the child is a year or two old, and some parts, such as the corpus callosum, continue to mature for at least the next 20 years.The general pattern of bodily development is from head to foot. Simple skills, such as head movements, appear first because the structures that control these skills are among the first to mature. More complex behavior patterns, such as crawling, standing, and walking, come much later in the developmental sequence than head movements do.The motor centers in the brain are connected by long nerve fibers(usually through one or more synapses) to the muscles in various parts of the body. Since the head muscles are closer to the brain than the foot muscles, according to one theory, the head comes under the control of the motor centers long before the feet do. The appearance of a new motor skill(such as crawling and grasping) always suggests that a new part of the child’s body has just matured—that is, that the brain centers have just begun to control the muscles involved in the new motor skill.25. What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?A. To describe how children crawl, stand, and walkB. To explain why some children are slow to developC. To describe early physical development in childrenD. To explain the function of the corpus callosum26. According to the passage, the corpus callosum is part of the human ________.A. muscular systemB. digestive systemC. circulatory systemD. nervous system827. According to the passage, which of the following motor skills does an infant first develop?A. Moving the headB. CrawlingC. Controlling the armsD. KickingPassage 3When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it—at this moment in time. It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Sun’s history.Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, we see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint bloodred dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100,000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the“daylight”produced by any star depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun’s light is concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and shorter light waves.That yellow“hump”will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel—which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a second－it will become steadily colder and redder.28. What is the passage mainly about?A. Faint dwarf starsB. The evolutionary cycle of the SunC. The Sun’s fuel problemD. The dangers of invisible radiation29. What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?A. It appears yellowB. It always remains the sameC. It has a short historyD. It is too cold30. Why are very hot stars referred to as“ghosts”?A. They are short-lived.B. They are mysterious.C. They are frightening.D. They are nearly invisible.Ⅳ. Answer the questions. (20%)There are 4 simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned.Give the brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the point and grammatically correct. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. In The Lady or the Tiger, what was the king like? How was he different from his neighbors?2. What kind of woman was the heroine in The Necklace ?3. What insects appear in the last story of The Animals of Aesop? And what did the grasshopper doall summer?4. Why did Shylock in The Merchant of Venice have a special hatred for Antonio?910。

高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》试卷与参考答案(2024年)

2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》复习试卷与参考答案一、阅读判断（共10分）第一题Read the following passage and then answer the following questions by choosing A, B, C, or D. The correct answer for each question is the one that best fits the information given in the passage.After the industrial revolution, the world changed dramatically. With the advent of new technologies, the pace of life accelerated. This had a significant impact on education. Traditional methods of teaching were no longer sufficient to prepare students for the rapidly changing world. As a result, the need for more flexible and practical forms of education became apparent.1、The industrial revolution led to significant changes in the world.A. TrueB. False2、New technologies contributed to the acceleration of life’s pace.A. TrueB. False3、Traditional teaching methods were considered inadequate after theindustrial revolution.A. TrueB. False4、There was a growing demand for flexible and practical forms of education.A. TrueB. False5、The need for more practical education emerged as a result of the industrial revolution.A. TrueB. FalseAnswers:1、A. True2、A. True3、A. True4、A. True5、A. True第二题Passage:In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized. With the rapid development of technology and globalization, the need for continuous education and skill development has become more pressing than ever. One popular method of achieving this is through self-study examinations,such as the self-study college entrance examination in English (Level Two).The self-study college entrance examination in English (Level Two) is designed to assess the English proficiency of students who wish to pursue further education or improve their language skills. It covers a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing.1.The passage highlights the increasing importance of self-study examinations in today’s society.A. TrueB. False2.The self-study college entrance examination in English (Level Two) is exclusively for students who want to pursue further education.A. TrueB. False3.The examination focuses solely on grammar and vocabulary.A. TrueB. False4.The self-study college entrance examination in English (Level Two) is intended to test the English proficiency of students.A. TrueB. False5.The passage suggests that the self-study examination covers a narrow range of topics.A. TrueAnswers:1.A. True2.B. False3.B. False4.A. True5.B. False二、阅读理解（共10分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized by people worldwide. One significant way to achieve this is through self-study examinations, such as the National Self-Study Examination (NSSE) for higher education. The NSSE provides individuals with the opportunity to earn academic credentials without attending traditional universities or colleges. One of the subjects offered in the NSSE is English, which is essential for global communication and understanding.The English self-study examination, known as “English Two,” aims to assess the English proficiency of candidates at an intermediate level. The exam covers various aspects of the language, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills.Read the following passage and choose the best answer to the question below.The NSSE English Two exam consists of several sections. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the exam structure?A. There is a listening section that tests candidates’ ability to understand spoken English.B. The reading comprehension section includes a variety of texts, such as articles, advertisements, and emails.C. The writing section requires candidates to write a short essay on a given topic.D. The exam does not assess candidates’ speaking skills, as it is primarily a written exam.E. The grammar section focuses on complex sentence structures and advanced vocabulary usage.Answers:D. The exam does not assess c andidates’ speaking skills, as it is primarily a written exam.(Note: While the passage suggests that the exam is primarily written, it does not explicitly state that speaking skills are not assessed at all. However, based on the information provided and typical exam structures, it can be inferred that speaking is not a component of the English Two exam.)三、概况段落大意和补全句子（共10分）第一题Passage:In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized. Higher education自学考试 (Self-study Examination for Higher Education) has emerged as a popular alternative for those who wish to further their education without attending traditional colleges or universities. The Self-study Examination for English Level Two, commonly known as “English Two,” is designed to test the English proficiency of students who have not had formal English education.The exam consists of multiple-choice questions, essay writing, and comprehensive tests. It covers a wide range of topics, from grammar and vocabulary to reading comprehension and writing skills. The goal of the exam is to assess the candidates’ ability to use English effectively in both academic and practical settings.Questions:1、What is the main purpose of the Self-study Examination for English Level Two?A. To evaluate students’ ability to perform well in traditional colleges.B. To test the English proficiency of students who have not had formal English education.C. To promote the popularity of higher education自学考试.D. To provide students with an alternative way to gain higher education credentials.2、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a part of the exam?A. Multiple-choice questions.B. Essay writing.C. Physical fitness tests.D. Comprehensive tests.3、What is the main focus of the Self-study Examination for English Level Two?A. To assess students’ knowledge of English literature.B. To test students’ ability to use English in academic and practical settings.C. To measure students’ ability to speak English fluently.D. To evaluate students’ understanding of English grammar rules.4、The passage suggests that the Self-study Examination for English Level Two is beneficial for whom?A. Only students who attend traditional colleges.B. Only students who have formal English education.C. Students who wish to further their education without attending traditional colleges or universities.D. Students who are interested in English literature.5、According to the passage, what is the primary goal of the Self-studyExamination for English Level Two?A. To ensure that all candidates have the same level of English proficiency.B. To provide a standardized measure of English proficiency.C. To encourage students to continue their education beyond the exam.D. To assess the quality of English education in different regions.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、C5、B第二题Passage:The Open University (OU) is a British university that offers a variety of degree courses, including distance learning programs. Established in 1969, the OU has become a leader in open education, providing flexible and accessible higher education to students worldwide. The university offers over 2000 modules, covering a wide range of subjects, and allows students to study at their own pace. One of the most popular programs is the Open University Self-Tested Examination (OUSA), which is known as the “English for Academic Purposes” (EAP) course. This course is designed to help students develop their English language skills necessary for academic study in English-speaking countries.1、The Open University was established in the year ________.A)1967B)1968C)1969D)19702、The OU is a________university that offers a variety of degree courses.A)privateB)publicC)onlineD)international3、The OU provides________education to students worldwide.A)traditionalB)openC)closedD)proprietary4、The university offers over________modules covering a wide range of subjects.A)1000B)1500C)2000D)25005、The “English for Academic Purposes” (EAP) course is designed to assist students in developing their________skills.A)socialB)writingC)readingD)English languageAnswers:1、C) 19692、B) public3、B) open4、C) 20005、D) English language四、填空补文（共10分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:In recent years, online education has gained immense popularity worldwide. With the advancement of technology, students now have the opportunity to learn at their own pace and from the comfort of their homes. One of the most popular online educational platforms is Coursera, which offers a wide range of courses from universities around the world. However, despite the convenience and flexibility of online learning, it is not without its challenges.Questions:Choose the best word or phrase to complete the following sentence:1.Online education platforms like Coursera have made learning more__________for students.a)accessibleb)traditionalc)expensived)exclusiveAnswer:a) accessible五、填词补文（共15分）第一题Read the following passage and complete the sentences by choosing the most appropriate word or phrase from the list provided for each blank. Write the letter of your choice (A, B, C, D, or E) in the corresponding blank.The story of “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” by Lewis Carroll is a classic piece of children’s literature. It is a 1____ tale that has captured the imagination of readers of all ages. The book was first published in 1865 and has since become a 2____ part of our cultural heritage.Alice, a young girl, falls down a rabbit hole and lands in a strange and whimsical world. She meets a variety of 3____ characters, including the Cheshire Cat, the Mad Hatter, and the White Rabbit. The story is filled with 4____ and absurdity, which keeps the reader engaged and amused.1.A) mysteriousB) adventurousC) intriguingD) fascinatingE) charming2.A) importantB) significantC) famousD) belovedE) celebrated3.A) ordinaryB) peculiarC) extraordinaryD) imaginativeE) delightful4.A) humorB) mysteryC) suspenseD) excitementE) excitementAnswers:1.C) intriguing2.D) beloved3.B) peculiar4.A) humor第二题Please read the following passage and choose the correct word to fill in each blank.In the 1 of the 21st century, technology has revolutionized the way we live and work. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, 2 have become an integral part of our daily lives. This 3 has also brought about significant changes in the education sector, making 4 and online learning more accessible than ever before.1.A. beginning B. middle C. end D. middle-eastAnswer: A2.A. devices B. machines C. gadgets D. toolsAnswer: C3.A. evolution B. revolution C. change D. improvementAnswer: B4.A. traditional B. conventional C. modern D. contemporaryAnswer: A5.A. physical B. face-to-face C. self-study D. in-personAnswer: C六、完型补文（共15分）第一题Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word that bestfits the context. Choose from the options given below the passage.In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized. This concept emphasizes the idea that education is not limited to the traditional school years but continues throughout one’s life. One of the most popular forms of lifelong learning is the self-study examination system, which allows individuals to pursue higher education independently.This system, often referred to as “Self-study Examination” or“Self-study Examination for Higher Education,” provides an opportunity for people who are unable to attend regular universities or colleges due to various reasons such as work, family, or financial constraints. It offers flexibility and the chance to acquire new knowledge and skills at one’s own pace.Here is an extract from a self-study examination for English (Level Two). Read the passage and complete the sentences by choosing the most suitable word from the options below.The English language has become an essential tool for global communication. It is widely used in business, science, technology, and international relations. Therefore, being proficient in English can open numerous doors for individuals seeking career opportunities abroad.1、In order to improve their English skills, many students choose to take part in the self-study examination for English.2、The self-study examination for English (Level Two) covers a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading, and writing.3、The format of the exam usually includes multiple-choice questions, essay questions, and sometimes listening comprehension tasks.4、One of the advantages of the self-study examination is that it allows candidates to study at their own pace, which is particularly beneficial for those who are working or have family responsibilities.5、Passing the self-study examination for English can be a stepping stone towards further academic pursuits or a career that requires a good command of the language.Options:a) pursueb) coversc) includesd) allowse) towardsAnswers:1、a) pursue2、b) covers3、c) includes4、d) allows5、e) towards第二题Read the following passage and then complete the blanks with the appropriatewords. Each blank should be filled with only one word. Choose the best answer from the options given.The rapid development of technology has had a profound impact on the way we live and work. One of the most significant changes is the 1 of communication. With the advent of the internet and mobile devices, we can now 2 with people from all over the world in an instant. This has both positive and negative effects.1.A) limitationB) increaseC) decreaseD) enhancement2.A) communicateB) interactC) connectD) correspond3.A) ItB) TheyC) ThisD) ThatThe 3 of instant communication has made it easier to collaborate on projects, share information, and maintain relationships. However, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions and a potential 4 of social skills.4.A) lossB) reductionC) declineD) depletionWhile the benefits of instant communication are undeniable, it is important to find a balance. We should 5 the advantages of this technology while also maintaining meaningful human connections.5.A) exploitB) utilizeC) harnessD) capitalizeAnswers:1.D) enhancement2.A) communicate3.C) This4.A) loss5.B) utilize七、写作（30分）Seven. Writing (20 points)Write an essay on the following topic:“Education plays a crucial role in the development of a nation. Discuss the importance of education in the following aspects: economic growth, socialprogress, and individual development. Provide specific examples and give your own opinion.”Example:Education is an indispensable factor in the development of a nation. It plays a vital role in economic growth, social progress, and individual development. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of education in these aspects and provide specific examples.Firstly, education is essential for economic growth. With the rapid development of technology and globalization, knowledge and skills have become increasingly important in the workplace. A well-educated population can drive innovation, create new businesses, and boost productivity. For example, in countries like South Korea and Singapore, education has been a key driver of economic growth, leading to high per capita income and a strong global competitiveness.Secondly, education contributes to social progress. Education provides individuals with the knowledge and values necessary to participate actively in society. It fosters critical thinking, empathy, and social responsibility. For instance, education can help reduce poverty, improve health, and promote gender equality. Moreover, educated citizens are more likely to vote and engage in civic activities, contributing to a stable and democratic society.Lastly, education is crucial for individual development. It enables individuals to achieve their full potential, discover their passions, and makeinformed decisions. Education equips individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to adapt to a rapidly changing world. For example, education can help individuals gain employment, pursue higher education, and improve their quality of life.In conclusion, education plays a vital role in the development of a nation. It is essential for economic growth, social progress, and individual development. Investing in education can lead to a brighter future for both the nation and its citizens.Analysis:This essay effectively discusses the importance of education in three aspects: economic growth, social progress, and individual development. The essay provides clear and specific examples to support the arguments. The structure is logical, with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The language is appropriate for an academic context, with a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary. The essay demonstrates a strong understanding of the topic and presents a well-reasoned argument.。

自考英语科技文选试题及答案解析7月浙江

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836Ⅰ.Directions: Add the appropriate affix(es) to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary.(10%)1. biology 外空生物学 1.______2. historic 史前的 2.______3. option 随意的 3.______4. fiction 虚构的 4.______5. hard 变硬 5.______6. module 标准尺寸的 6.______7. foam 泡沫丰富的7.______8. bluish 浅蓝色的8.______9. meter 万用表9.______10. facial 双面的10.______Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given phrases below in its proper form.(10%)in time be compatible with bump into embark on do it justicebound up with in relation to lead to under way in the event of1. Particular emphasis should be laid on two areas of thinking. The first is ______ the concentrationof research in the industrial countries, which is giving rise to economic and socio—cultural imbalances.2. Measuring time also implies situating events ______ each other, in other words, dating them.3. ______,many things now unknown will become known.4. Few general readers ______ even one of the thirteen volumes of Science and Civilization inChina so far published.5. Eventually we shall be able to “humanize”animals by injecting them with human genes fortransplantation purposes, so that their organs will become ______ the body of the person receiving the transplant.6. When production gets ______,a hologram of each newly manufactured propeller issuperimposed on the hologram of the defect—free model.7. A world made up entirely of erratic electrical gyrations in curved space requires a bizarremathematics to ______.8. Unlike most plastics,______ fire, Borosilicate glass will not give off any toxic gases.9. Every day, however, we ______ phenomena that may well be unknowable but that we do notrecognize as such.10. In both sexes, trying to recognize rhymes ______ increased blood flow in the inferior frontal1gyrus of the left hemisphere, which has long been linked to language ability.ⅢAlcohol has an incredible power to affect the mind. A few drinks can ___1___ a sure step—a stagger, a thought into a blur, and speech into a slur.Alcohol also can be ___2___.It can make some people feel an intense need for a drink, or many drinks. Years of heavy drinking can even destroy ___3___,leaving a person unable to remember new information ___4___ events for more than a few seconds.Alcohol’s mind-altering effects are obvious. But ___5___ what alcohol does to the brain is not obvious. In the past scientists could directly study alcohol’s actions on the brain only by examining brain tissue after a person’s ___6___.But now high-tech tools can ″see inside living brains to reveal clues ___7___ alcohol’s devastating ways.To study alcohol’s effects on the brain, scientists ___8___ images of the brains of people who have used a lot of alcohol in their lives with the brains of people who have used little or no alcohol. Such comparisons reveal that heavy, long-term use of alcohol ___9___ parts of the brain, making the brain ___10___.As the brain shrinks, fluid-filled cavities called ventricles in the brain’s center enlarge.1._______ 6._______2._______ 7._______3._______ 8._______4._______ 9._______5._______ 10._______Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below.(10%)customary stem from save from persistent instrument1. 病人持续高烧使大夫们感到困惑。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语科技文选考试真题及答案7

2022年自考专业(英语)英语科技文选考试真题及答案一、阅读理解题Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)1、(A) In the aftermath of a disaster like the massive typhoon Haiyan, which devastated the Philippines on 8 November, confusion often reigns and sketchy information abounds. This can leave responders unsure if their efforts are being put to the best effect. A coordinated army of smart software and aerial drones could change that. By gathering information from across an affected software agents — algorithms that can work with a degree of autonomy — will build a picture of the situation and give recommendations for how people should direct their resources to mitigate damage and save lives. The system, called Orchid, is being developed as part of a ￡10 million project of the same name funded by the UK government. Initial testing has shown promising results, and Rescue Global, a London-based disaster responder, is planning a field trial next year. Orchid’s software agents come in several flavours: theyinhabit flying drones with on-board cameras, and servers that sift data coming in from the disaster area, like pictures, tweets or even sensor readings. Each is programmed to watch for rapid changes to a situation. For example, if air quality sensors suggested that a chemical plant was leaking toxic gas, the sensors could send a signal to drones on a mapping project that could then fly to the scene, take further readings and shoot video from several different camera angles. The information is then communicated wirelessly to an agent called a planner that assesses it and makes a suggestion to the person coordinating the aid effort on how to proceed. “We are trying to fix the inefficiencies in deploying emergency responders that prevent proper prioritisation and scheduling of rescue tasks,” says Sarvapali Ramchum, a computer scientist at the University of Southampton in the UK, which leads a consortium of universities and companies working on the Orchid project. In the wake of the magnitude 7 quake that devastated Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in January 2022, such a a system could have been a huge help, says Ramchum. “Roads were completely blocked and buildings were down so they had to remap the city to find the accessible zones for relief operations,” he says. That was performed via crowdsourced reports to the Ushahidiwebsite and use of Open Street Map—but it took 48 hours to complete. The Orchid team say software agents in charge of swarms of airborne drones could do that far quicker. The agents are also designed to address a common problem in disasters: unreliable data. Distressed people in traumatic circumstances can supply inaccurate information. For instance, following the 2022 nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in Japan, people bought or built their own Geiger counters to track the spread of radiation. But many of the reported readings were implausibl y high. Orchid’s information-gathering agents weed out reports that appear erroneous, quashing outlying high or low numbers in a dataset. In simulations of radioactive plumes that the team has run, this has worked well.What is the passage primarily about?A．Drones inhabited with smart software to plot disaster relief.B．Orchid’s software.C．How to plot typhoon relief.D．Application of Orchid to plotting quake relief.2、It can be inferred from the passage that______.A．Orchid did a great deal in the relief operations at Port-au-PrinceB．Port-au-Prince suffered acutely from the earthquakeC．Orchid has some weaknesses in preventing prioritization of rescue tasksD．Orchid’s information-gathering agents have worked well in real situations3、In which of the aspects does the Orchid system need improving?A．Inefficiency.B．Addressing unreliable data.C．Proper prioritisation.D．Gathering information.4、The word “traumatic” in line 2, para. 9 is closest in meaning to______.A．powerfulB．terribleC．troublesomeD．emotionally disturbing5、Orchid’s software agents can perform all the following tasks EXCEPT_______,A．dealing with inaccurate dataB．examining sensor readingsC．removing incorrect reportsD．coordinating the aid effort6、(B) To a casual observer of the latest round of United Nations climate talks in Warsaw, Poland, last week, it was a battle between Polish coal miners determined to hang on to their jobs, and the people of the Philippines, who would rather not lose their lives to the tempests likely unleashed by climate change. In the corridors, the talks looked different: another stage in the agonizingly slow crawl towards a deal on carbon emission that diplomats hope to seal in 2022. Little progress was made on most issues, but the two-week negotiations did end with an outline agreement that could one day allow people like the Filipino victims of the super-typhoon Haiyan to use science to sue coal-mining firms and power companies for compensation. The deal was still being hammered out on Saturday—a day after the talks were due to close. After compromises from all sides, the negotiators agreed to set up an “international mechanism to provide roost vulnerable populations with better protection against loss and damage caused by extreme weather”. It was a tacit acceptance that the promises made by governments at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janiero in 1992 to prevent “dangerous climate change” have failed. Dangerous climate change is now happening. It is not yet clear how such an internationalmechanism will work. Rich nations remain deeply hostile to the idea to handing out compensation payments after disasters. But, with efforts to prevent escalating climate change making such slow progress, it could all end up in court with or without this mechanism in place. Lawyers say nations hit by extreme weather might already have a case at the UN International Court of Justice in The Hague, the Netherland, which resolves legal disputes between nations. For example, the court could attempt to charge rich nations with failing to honor their Earth Summit commitment.Such cases would depend on researchers’ increasing ability to attribute blame for specific disasters. Myles Allen and fellow climate modellers at the University of Oxford have shown that the European heatwave of 2022, which may have killed as many as 70,000 people, was made at least twice as likely by global warming. Researchers could well conclude that typhoon Haiyan has human fingerprints all over it. Especially since the most recent assessment of climate science from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that warmer oceans are increasing the intensity of winds in tropical cyclones, while rising sea levels worsen storm surges. Allen says legal culpability should start 1990, the year governments signed off the first IPCC report about climate change. Afterthat date, polluters cannot claim they were ignorant of the consequences. Moreover, Allen says, by 2023, two-thirds of all the planet-warming emissions ever caused by humans will have happened since 1990.What is the passage mainly concerned with? A．Who should pay for climate change disasters.B．United Nations climate talks in Warsaw.C．Carbon emission.D．Dangerous climate change.7、Which of the following is NOT true about the latest round of United Nations climate conference in Warsaw?A．It was stormy.B．It was full of argument and conflict.C．It concluded with an agreement to set up an international mechanism.D．It was a battle between Polish coal miners and the people of the Philippines.8、Paying compensation after disasters may involve all of the following EXCEPT_______.A．pollutersB．victims’ suitC．the ability of the climate change researches to prove who was responsible for specific disastersD．rich countries’ commitment9、The word “fingerprints” in line 5, para. 7 refers to______.A．marksB．tracesC．factorsD．interference10、What does Allen imply when he mentions the first IPCC report about climate change?A．Winds in the tropical storm are becoming more and more intense.B．Polluters cannot claim they did not know the consequences. C．He is doubtful about the effectiveness of international agreements about climate changes.D．Polluters should be responsible for their wrong doings. 参考答案：【一、阅读理解题】1~5ABCDD6~10ADDC。

00836英语科技文选全国2013年7月自考试题

全国2013年7月高等教育自学考试月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836 I. Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%) (A) The world‟s largest social network will shift its corporate he adquarters starting this summer to a 57-acre campus with 1 million square f.eet of office space in Menlo Park, California, making its second second move move move in in in less less less than than than two two two years. years. years. The The The move, move, move, which which which will will will see see see Facebook Facebook Facebook swap swap swap its its its Palo Palo Palo Alto Alto address for a home base in a largely undeveloped area near the entrance to a busy Bay Area bridge, will will give give give the the the company company company much-needed much-needed much-needed room room room to to to grow, grow, grow, even even even if if if the the the new new new location location location lacks lacks lacks some some some of of of the the glamour glamour of of of other other other corporate corporate corporate real real real estate estate estate deals. deals. deals. Google Google Google Inc, Inc, Inc, which which which is is is increasingly increasingly increasingly vying vying vying with with Facebook for engineering talent, announced on Tuesday that it had leased an iconic building for its staff in Santa Monica. Google's headquarters is in Mountain View, California. Facebook executives said the company, which turned seven on Friday, is seeking the space beyond its nearby Palo Alto base to contain its explosive expansion. The company has seen its payroll swell by about 50 percent annually in past years to about 2,000 now, a pace it expects to sustain in coming years. Its new Menlo Park location can house about 3,600 people, executives said. Facebook leased the campus -- the former headquarters of Sun Microsystems which Oracle Corp took over in 2010 -- and and will will will begin begin begin moving moving moving in in in June June or July. The The site, site, site, a a a cluster cluster cluster of of of nine nine nine blockish buildings blockish buildings and and wide, wide, open spa ces wedged between the freeway and the San Francisco Bay, is known locally as “Sun Quentin” for what insiders say is a passing, resemblance to the state prison 50 miles north. John Tenanes, Tenanes, Facebook‟s Facebook‟s director director of of of global global global real real real estate, estate, estate, offered offered offered a a a more more more metropol metropol metropolitan itan itan analogy analogy analogy for for for the the company‟s new home at a briefing with reporters at Menlo Park City Hall on Tuesday, noting that the various parts of the campus were connected by a courtyard. “That‟s how we plan to look at this, like an urban street, or an urban setting. We think this is going to be kind of the glue that holds the buildings and people together,” he said. Speaking to reporters after the briefing, Tenanes said the new campus will provide plenty of important amenities, including a fitness center, a basketball court, court, an an an auditorium auditorium auditorium and and and two two two cafes. cafes. cafes. Facebook‟s Facebook‟s move move was was was announced announced announced the the the same same same day day day that that that Web Web arch-foe Google said it had leased a Frank Gehry-designed office building a stone‟s throw from the the sun-speckled sun-speckled sun-speckled beaches beaches beaches of of of Santa Santa Santa Monica, Monica, Monica, near near near Los Los Los Angeles. Angeles. Angeles. Google Google Google leased leased leased the the the iconic iconic iconic former former headquarters headquarters of of of the the the Chiat/Day Chiat/Day Chiat/Day advertising advertising advertising agency agency agency -- -- -- whose whose whose giant giant giant binoculars-shaped binoculars-shaped binoculars-shaped facade facade facade is is is a a fixture fixture of of of travel travel travel guide guide guide books books books -- -- -- in in in V V enice, California, California, to to to house house house part part part of of of its its its own own own envisioned envisioned expansion, with 6,000 people set to join the company‟s payroll this year.1. According to the passage, one main reason for the move of Facebook is ______. A. due to its rapid growth B. in response to Google‟s actC. that it could provide more amenities for its employees D. that it needs an urban setting 2. The word “swap” in line 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. move B. give up C. replace D. use 3. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT ______. A. Facebook was established seven years ago B. Google probably has a higher employment level than Facebook C. both Facebook and Google are badly in need of talented engineers D. Facebook‟s new home is located in a metropolitan district4. According to the passage, Sun Quentin is probably the name of ______.A. a park B. a prison C. a bay D. a company 5. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Facebook is a larger social network than Google. B. Both Facebook and Google are the largest networks in the world. C. Facebook‟s staff can work out in its new home base.D. F acebook‟s staff get a raise every other year.(B)Some fish in New York‟s Hudson River have become resistant to several of the waterway‟s more toxic toxic pollutants. pollutants. pollutants. Instead Instead Instead of of of getting getting getting sick sick sick from from from dioxins dioxins dioxins and and and related related related compounds compounds compounds including including including some some polychlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls, biphenyls, biphenyls, Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic tomcod tomcod tomcod harmlessly harmlessly harmlessly store store store these these these poisons poisons poisons in in in fat, fat, fat, a a a new new new study study finds. But what‟s good for this bottom -dwelling species could be bad for those feeding on it, says Isaac Isaac Wirgin Wirgin of of the the the New New New Y Y ork University University School School School of of of Medicine‟s Medicine‟s Medicine‟s Institute Institute Institute of of of Environmen Environmen Environmental tal Medicine in Tuxedo. Each bite of tomcod that a predator takes, he explains, will move a potent dose of toxic chemicals up the food chain — eventually into species that could end up on home dinner tables. From 1947 to 1976, two General Electric manufacturing plants along the Hudson River produced PCBs for a range of uses, including as insulating fluids in electrical transformers. Over Over the the the years, years, years, PCB PCB PCB and and and dioxin dioxin dioxin levels levels levels in in in the the the livers livers livers of of of the the the Hudson‟s Hudson‟s tomcod tomcod rose rose rose to to to become become “among “among the the the highest highest highest known known known in in in nature,”nature,” Wirgin Wirgin and and and his his his colleagues colleagues colleagues note note note online online online February February February 17 17 17 in in Science . Because these fish don‟t detoxify PCBs, Wirgin explains, it was a surprise that they could accumulate such hefty contamination without becoming poisoned. His team now reports that the tomcod‟s protection traces to a single mutation in one gene. The gene is responsible for producing a protein needed to unleash the pollutants‟ toxicity. All vertebrates contain molecules in their cells that that will will will bind bind bind to to to dioxins dioxins dioxins and and and related related related compounds. compounds. compounds. Indeed, Indeed, Indeed, these these these proteins proteins proteins —— aryl aryl hydrocarbon hydrocarbon receptors, or AHRs — are often referred to as dioxin receptors. Once these poisons diffuse into an exposed cell, each molecule can mate with a receptor and together they eventually pick up a third molecule. molecule. This This This trio trio trio can can can then then then do do dock ck ck with with with select select select segments segments segments of of of DNA DNA DNA in in in the the the cell‟s cell‟s cell‟s nucleus nucleus nucleus to to inappropriately turn on genes that can poison the host animal. The tomcod actually has two types of of AHRs, AHRs, AHRs, with with with AHR-2 AHR-2 AHR-2 offering offering offering the the the most most most effective effective effective binding binding binding to to to dioxin-like dioxin-like dioxin-like pollutants. pollutants. pollutants. But But But one one naturally naturally occurring occurring occurring AHR-2 AHR-2 AHR-2 variant, variant, variant, the the the result result result of of of a a a gene gene gene mutation, mutation, mutation, proves proves proves a a a very very very poor poor poor mate, mate, Wirgin‟s team has found. It takes five times more of the pollutants to get substantial binding than is is needed needed needed with with with the the the conventional AHR-2. conventional AHR-2. In In local local local rivers rivers rivers relatively relatively relatively free free free of of dioxins dioxins and PCBs, 95 and PCBs, 95 percent of tomcod possess AHR-2 only in the conventional form. But in the PCB-rich Hudson, Wirgin‟s Wirgin‟s group group group finds, finds, finds, the the the only only only kind kind kind of of of AHR AHR AHR-2 -2 -2 protein protein protein in in in 99 99 99 percent percent percent of of of tomcod tomcod tomcod is is is the the the poorly poorly binding variant. The mutant receptor appears to have evolved long ago and to be widely dispersed. But But in in in the the the Hudson, Hudson, Hudson, fish fish fish with with with the the the gene gene gene to to to make make make the the the mutant mutant mutant receptor receptor receptor have have have thrived, thrived, thrived, while while while those those without it have died out, Wirgin notes. 6. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. How toxic chemicals end up on home dinner tables. B. How vertebrates mutate in Hudson River. C. Why Atlantic tomcod do not get sick from dioxins. D. Why all the creatures thrive in Hudson River. 7. What is responsible for producing a protein needed to release the pollutants‟ toxicity?A. Two General Electric manufacturing plants. B. The mutant receptor. C. The tomcod. D. The gene. 8. What is NOT true about AHRs? A. They are poisons. B. They are pollutants. C. They are proteins. D. They are plants. 9. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT ______. A. most probably the mutant receptor evolved long ago B. AHRs are often used as a short form for dioxin receptors C. fish with the gene to make the mutant receptor will eventually disappear completely D. D. when when when the the the river river river does does does not not not have have have dioxins dioxins dioxins and and and PCBs, PCBs, PCBs, most most most tomcod tomcod tomcod possess possess possess AHR-2 AHR-2 AHR-2 only only only in in in the the conventional form 10. According to the passage, why are Hudson River fish resistant to pollution? A. Because of their living at the bottom of the river. B. Because of their removal of all the poisonous substances from the water. C. Because of their immune system. D. Because of their genetic mutation. II. Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the givenChinese, making changes when necessary. (10%)11. accelerate 加速装置加速装置12. fiction 虚构的虚构的 13. alternation 可选择的可选择的 14. organic 无机的无机的15. compare 可比的可比的16. technology 生物技术生物技术17. attractive 诱引剂诱引剂18. harmony 和谐的和谐的19. singular 奇点奇点20. connect 使互相连接使互相连接III. Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form.(12%)a sense of in memory of stand for be ignorant of specialize in at random turn out take for granted deficient in access to within reach of be associated with 21. They ______ any events outside their own town. 22. What does the E ______？23. The whole affair left them with ______ complete helplessness. 24. After qualifying, he decided to ______ contract law. 25. His diet is ______ calcium. 26. The facilities have been adapted to give ______ wheelchair users. 27. All the main tourist attractions are ______ the hotel. 28. She set up a charitable fund ______ her father. 29. The killer appears to select his victims ______. 30. We must not ______ that he is always wrong. 31. They have been ______ great blades for 400 years. 32. The patient‟s p roblems ______ cancer treatment. IV IV.. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (80%) web on of science debates and bridge inPopular Popular science, science, science, sometimes sometimes sometimes called called called literature literature literature of of of science, science, science, is is is interpretation interpretation interpretation of of of _33_ _33_ _33_ intended intended intended for for for a a general audience. While science journalism focuses _34_ recent scientific developments, popular science science is is is broad-ranging, broad-ranging, broad-ranging, often often often written written written by by by scientists scientists scientists as as as well well well as as as journalists, journalists, journalists, _35_ _35_ _35_ is is presented presented in in many many formats, formats, formats, which which which can can can include include include books, books, books, television television television documentaries, documentaries, documentaries, magazine magazine magazine articles articles articles and and and _36_ _36_ pages. pages. Popular Popular Popular science science science is is is a a a _37_ _37_ _37_ between between between scientific scientific scientific literature literature literature as as as a a a professional professional professional medium medium medium of of scientific research, and the realms of popular political and cultural discourse. The goal _38_ the genre is often to capture the methods and accuracy of science, while making the language more accessible. accessible. Many Many Many science-related science-related science-related controversies controversies controversies are are are discussed discussed discussed _39_ _39_ _39_ popular popular popular science science science books books books and and publications, publications, such such such as as as the the the long-running long-running long-running _40_ _40_ _40_ over over over biological biological biological determinism determinism determinism and and and the the the biological biological components of intelligence, stirred by popular books such as The Mismeasureof Man and T he The Bell Curve . V . Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)replete with in the event of an array of reinforce bear out 41．这本书充满了幽默的情节。

自考《英语二》高等教育自学考试试卷与参考答案(2025年)

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全国2004年7月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题2

Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words orphrases below.(10%)in common be regarded as bump into　afford untanglebe incompatible41. 在许多情况下，接受器官移植的⾝体对移植器官有排他性。

42. 这两个朋友有许多共同之处。

43. 解开缠绕的电线花了他很长时间。

44. ⼼理学是⽣物科学的⼀个分⽀。

他研究⼈的⼼理状态、⼼理过程等现象。

45. 这个国家难以舍弃这些受过良好教育的专业⼈才。

Ⅴ.Directions: Translate the following paragraph(s) into Chinese.(15%)46.Cyberspace,of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personalcomputers connected by modems—via the telephone system—to commercial online services, as well as the　millions more with high-speed links to local area networks, office E-mail systems and the Internet. Itincludes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellularphone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low-flyingsatellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees, connecting folks too far-flung or too much on　the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace, transformed intointeractive “ teleputers ” by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV　companies(including Time Warner) are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics and high-speedswitches. Ⅵ.Directions:Read through the following passages and choose the best answer marked A,B,C orD.(20%) There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult; the need to make every component　as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an aeroplane is up in　the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance　is absolutely dependable.　 Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit　to the total weight of aircraft that can be made to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for　fuel, radio navigational instruments, passenger seats, or freight room, and, of course, the passengers or　freight themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will　allow. The designer must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the‘stress man’. He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors　in manufacture, acciedental damage, etc. The stress man’s calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress　man says if necessary. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer　intended. Each separate part is tested, then a whole assembly, for example, a complete wing, and finally the　whole aeroplane. When a new type of aeroplane is being made, normally only one of the first three made　will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air. Two kinds of ground strength tests are carried out. The first is to find the resistance to loading of thewings, tail, etc. until they reach their maximum load and collapse. The other test is for fatigue strength.Relatively small loads are applied thousands of times. Each may be well under what the structure could stand　as a single load, but many repetitions can result in collapse. One from of this test is done on the passenger　cabin.　 It is filled with air at high pressure as for high-altitude flying and completely submerged in a large tank　of water while the test is going on. The surrounding water prevents the cabin from bursting like a bomb if　there is a failure.　 When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which　it is illegal to fly, except for test flying.　 Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flyingcontrols, the electrical equipment, the fire precautions, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work　both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in　the tropics.　 To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers, with elaborate laboratories and test houses, and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly　being tested.47. The two main requirements of aircraft design are ______.A. speed and cheapnessB. reliability and passenger comfortC. making things both light and dependableD. ability to stay up in the air and avoid breakdowns48. The maximum possible weight of an aircraft is determined by ______.A. the enigne powerB. the amount of freight roomC. the number of passengersD. international regulations49. The stress man’s job is to calculate ______.A. how safe the plane isB. how strong each part must beC. what height the plane will fly atD. the amount of luggage each passenger may carry50. The first three aeroplanes of a new type ______.A. are all destroyedB. do not flyC. are later broken up for spare partsD. are used for testing purposes51. The passenger cabin test in water is designed to ______.A. make sure the plane would be safe if it landed in waterB. test fatigue strengthC. see of the cabin will burst like a bombD. keep the cabin cool。

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码:00836PART A: VOCABULARYI. Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8 %)1．art 人造的 1．_______2．mathematics 数学家 2．_______3． irreversible 不可逆转性 3．_______4．quality 定性的 4．_______5． certify 证明合格的 5．_______6．spring 子孙；后代 6．_______7．requisite 先决条件 7._______8．sense 感觉的 8．_______H. Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form.(12%)all at once adeptat specialize in wind upin the justification of what’s more doomedto applicable toaccrue to opt for in common submit to9. I can’t do it_______ but I’ll have it finished by the end of the week.10. My sister is very_______ making people at their ease.11. Depending on your circumstances you may wish to_______ one method or the other.12. I had very little_______ with my sister.13. When I finish this short story, I will have it_______a magazine.14. She is a lawyer who _______divorce cases.15. His earlier comments were not _______our later discussion.16. It is harmful to my health, and _______, it is no good to my work.17. Interest _______my savings account monthly.18. Can you think of a good joke I can use to _______my speech?19. I used to pour time and energy into projects that were_______failure from the very start.20. He said this _______his action.III. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)homework wish punishment countless rushnearly necessary family te levision beforeFamilies in America toady schedule their lives around the television. Children 21 home from school to watch their programs while they do their 22 . Mother shops between her special programs. The ski slopes are 23 empty on Superbowl Sunday; football on TV takes precedence.The 24 may even eat meals in front of the television. Moreover, 25 is used as baby-sitter; small children nationwide spend 26 hours infront of the TV, passively ingesting whatever flashes 27 their eyes. Addition of some sort inevitably follows; TV becomes a 28 part oflife, and receiving a TV for his own room becomes the 29 of every child.Moreover, parents use the television as a source of reward and 30 . Ultimately, life-styles revolve round a regular schedule of eating, sleeping, and watching television.21. ________ 22. ________ 23.________ 24. ________25. ________ 26. ________ 27.________ 28. ________29. ________ 30. ________PART B: TRANSLATIONIV. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)allot manipulate differentiate shift lose sight of3 1．千万不要迷失你生活的主要目标。

浙江7月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题课程代码：00015Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure(10 points,1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题纸相应的位置上。

1._______ English,you had better learn another foreign language.A. BesideB. Except forC. ExceptD. In addition to2.Diamonds are the hardest substance _______ in nature.A. findB. to findC. findingD. found3.The most common use of telecommunication satellites has been for ______ telephone calls.A. transformingB. translatingC. transmittingD. transporting4.The escaped prisoner is still _______.A. wonderingB. arrestingC. at freeD. at large5.The editors of a dictionary collect the _______ of each word －the sentences in which it appears,along with the word itself.A. contactB. contextC. connectD. conclusion6.Our space and time laws don't seem _______ objects in the area of a black hole.A. apply toB. apply forC.to be applied toD. to be applied for7.Some other cases,though less dramatic,are equally _______ of attention.A. preservingB. conservingC. deservingD. serving8._______ how to minimize the worst effects of Jet Lag,and your flight will be less stressful.A. If you understandB. UnderstandC. To understandD. By understanding9.It _______ 36 monkeys to test a sample of polio vaccine,now it takes only 22.A. used to takingB. used to takeC. is used to takeD. was used to taking10.His tastes and habits _______ surprisingly with those of his wife.A. coincideB. likeC. similarD. alikeⅡ.Mistake Recognition(10 points,1 point for each)下面的句子中每个句子都有四处划有横线并标以A 、B 、C 、D ，其中有一处是错误的。

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科技英语写作试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. What is the most common method of communication in scientific research?A. EmailB. ConferenceC. Journal publicationD. Social media2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic ofscientific writing?A. ObjectivityB. ClarityC. SubjectivityD. Precision3. In scientific writing, what is the purpose of an abstract?A. To provide a detailed description of the research methods.B. To summarize the main points of the research.C. To list all the references used in the paper.D. To give a comprehensive review of the literature.4. What does APA stand for in academic writing?A. American Psychological AssociationB. Association of Professional AuthorsC. Academic Publishing AssociationD. Advanced Publishing Association5. Which of the following is the correct order of a scientific paper?A. Introduction, Results, Discussion, ConclusionB. Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, DiscussionC. Title, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, ReferencesD. Abstract, Results, Methodology, Introduction, Discussion答案：1. C2. C3. B4. A5. C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. The _______ is a vital part of a scientific paper that provides a brief overview of the research.[Answer: Abstract]7. When writing a scientific paper, it is essential to use _______ language to ensure clarity and precision.[Answer: technical]8. The _______ section of a scientific paper details the procedures used to carry out the research.[Answer: Methodology]9. Scientific papers are often peer-reviewed to ensure_______ and reliability.[Answer: validity]10. Proper citation of sources in scientific writing helps to avoid _______ and gives credit to the original authors.[Answer: plagiarism]三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）11. Explain the importance of using correct citation formats in scientific writing.[Answer: Using correct citation formats in scientific writing is important for several reasons. Firstly, it helps to avoid plagiarism by giving proper credit to the original authors. Secondly, it allows readers to locate the original sources easily for further reading or verification. Lastly,it maintains the integrity and credibility of the scientific community by upholding academic standards.]12. What are the key elements of a scientific abstract?[Answer: The key elements of a scientific abstract include the background or context of the research, the purpose or objective, the methodology used, the main results, and a brief conclusion or implication of the findings.]13. Describe the role of peer review in the publication process of scientific papers.[Answer: The role of peer review in the publicationprocess of scientific papers is to ensure the quality, validity, and originality of the research. Peer reviewers,who are experts in the field, evaluate the paper for its scientific merit, methodology, and presentation. They provide feedback and recommendations that can help the authorsimprove their work before it is published.]14. Discuss the ethical considerations in scientific research and writing.[Answer: Ethical considerations in scientific researchand writing include honesty in reporting results, avoiding fabrication or falsification of data, maintainingconfidentiality when necessary, and ensuring that theresearch has been conducted with informed consent and adherence to ethical guidelines. Researchers must also avoid conflicts of interest and ensure that their work does notharm the participants or the environment.]四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）15. Discuss the impact of technology on scientific communication and the challenges it presents.[Answer: Technology has significantly impacted scientific communication by enabling faster and more efficient dissemination of research findings through digital platforms. It has also facilitated collaboration among researchersacross the globe through tools like cloud computing andvirtual labs. However, it presents challenges such as information overload, the need for data security, and the potential for misinformation or "fake news" to spread rapidly.Researchers must be adept at navigating these challenges to ensure that their communication remains accurate and trustworthy.]16. Analyze the role of language in scientific writing and the strategies to enhance clarity and precision.[Answer: Language plays a crucial role in scientific writing as it is the medium through which researchers convey their findings and ideas. To enhance clarity and precision, writers should use concise and unambiguous language, avoid jargon when unnecessary, and employ active voice whenever possible. Additionally, structuring the text logically, using appropriate headings and subheadings, and carefully proofreading for grammar and spelling errors are essential strategies to improve the quality of scientific writing.]。

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when thatB。

ince thatC。

when whatD。

now that正确答案：C本题解析：译文：当他真正需要鼓励时，你为什么责备他的拙劣判断。

此题考查准确判断句子结构。

when 引导时间状语从句， what he really need 充当这个时间状语从句的主语。

题目2：The outline of rooftop and chimney ________ againt the pale ky。

A。

pulled outB。

looked outC。

held outD。

tood out正确答案：D本题解析：A离开B注意、留神C提供D显眼、突出题目3：Although Tom i atified with hi academic achievement，he wonder _______ will happen to hi family life 。

A。

itB。

thatC。

whatD。

thi正确答案：C本题解析：what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。

句意：尽管汤姆对自己的学术成就很满意，但是他想知道他的家庭生活将会如何题目4：During the pat two decade, reearch ha ________ our knowledge of daydreaming。

A。

epandedB。

emergedC。

decendedD。

conquered正确答案：A本题解析：A扩大B浮现、露出C下降D征服题目5：A。

fleibleB。

acceibleC。