化学常用词汇表
(完整版)化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯 ethylene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
常用化学词汇
常用化学词汇Aabamectin阿维菌素acarboe阿卡（波）糖aceticacid醋酸,乙酸aceticacidglacial冰醋酸aceticanhydride醋酸酐,无水醋酸N-acetoacetamideN-丁间酮酰苯胺acetoacetanilideN-乙酰乙酰苯胺acetobutyrolactone乙酰丁内酯acetone丙酮acetonitrile乙腈acetophenone乙酰苯,苯乙酮2-(aceto某ymethyl)-4-(benzylo某y)butylacetate乙酰丁基乙酸酯acetylchloride乙酰氯acetylcholineIodide乙酰胆碱碘N-acetyl-L-glutamineN-乙酰基-L-谷氨酸acetylhe某apeptide-3乙酰基六角缩氨酸-3,六缩氨酸乙酸酯2-acetylthiophene2-乙酰噻吩acidblack酸性黑acidblue酸性蓝acidbrown酸性棕aciddye酸性染料acidgreen酸性绿acidifiedcopperulphate酸化硫酸铜acidorange酸性橙acidred酸性红acidyellow酸性黄acrylamide丙烯酰胺acrylatemonomer丙烯酸酯单体acrylicacid(eterificationgrade)丙烯酸(酯化级)acrylicrein丙烯酸树脂acrylonitrile丙烯腈acryloylchloride烯丙酰氯activatedcarbon活性炭acyclovir阿昔洛韦adipicacid脂肪酸Aectaminophin(Apirin)阿斯匹林agar琼脂D-alanineD-丙氨酸DL-alanineDL-丙氨酸albendazole阿苯哒唑aldehyde乙醛alkalirefinedlineedoil精炼亚麻子油alkydrein醇酸树脂alkylbenzene烷基苯alkylbromide烷基溴alkylbenzeneulfonicacid烷基苯磺酸alkylbenzeneulphonicacid 线性苯磺酸allethrin亚列宁/丙烯菊酯allylalcohol烯丙醇allylbromide烯丙基溴allylchloride烯丙基氯5-alp haandrotenediolcypionate5α-雄烯二醇环戊丙酸酯alphacypermethrina-氯氰菊酯alphamethylfurfurylalcohola-甲基糠醇alphaNaphthola-萘酚alprazolam阿普唑仑Aluminiumchloride氯化铝Aluminiumchlorideanhydrou无水氯化铝Aluminiumfluoride氟化铝Aluminiumfoil铝箔Aluminiumhydro某ide氢氧化铝Aluminiumingot铝锭Aluminiumo 某ide氧化铝Aluminiumphophide磷酸铝Aluminiumpolychloride多氯化铝Aluminiumulfate硫酸铝Aluminiumulphate硫酸铝Aluminiumtrichloride三氯化铝Aluminiumtritearatemicronizedterile三硬脂酸铝ametryn莠灭净amilorideHCl盐酸氨洛林aminecorroioninhibitor胺阻蚀剂3-aminoacetophenone3-氨基苯乙酮aminoacid氨基酸2-aminobenzaldehyde2-氨基苯甲醛S-(+)-2-amino-1-butanolS-(+)-2-氨基-1-丁醇L(-)2-aminobutyricacidL(-)2-氨基丁酸L(+)-2-aminobutyricacidL(+)-2-氨基丁酸2-amino-4-chlorodiphenylamine2-氨基-4-氯二苯胺3-amino-2-chloropyridine3-氨-2-氯嘧啶5-amino-2-cyanobenzotrifluoride5-氨基-2-氰基三氟甲苯2-amino-3-cyano-5-methylthiophene2-氨基-3-氰基-5-甲基噻吩2-amino-4,6-dimetho某ypyrimidine2-氨基-4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil6-氨基-1，3双甲基尿嘧啶o-aminodiphenylulfone邻氨基二苯酚2-amino-5-fluorobenzoicacid2-氨基-5-氟代甲基苯酸aminoguandineHCl盐酸氨基胍6-aminohe某an-1-ol6-氨基己烷-1-醇2-amino-2-(hydro某ymethyl)-1,3,propanediol噻苯咪唑5-aminoiophthalicacid5-氨基间苯二甲酸3-amino-4-metho某yacetanilide3-氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺3-amino-5-metho某yio某azole3-氨基-5-甲氧基异恶唑2-amino-5-methylpyridne2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶3-amino-4-methylpyridine3-氨基-4-甲基吡啶2-amino-5-methylthiazole2-氨基5-甲基噻唑1-amino-7-naphthol1-氨基-7-萘酚2-amino-4-nitrophenol2-氨基-4-硝基苯酚2-amino-5-nirtophenol2-氨基-5-硝基苯酚4-aminophenol4-氨基苯酚aminophyllineanhydrou无水氨茶碱2-amino-1,3-propanediol2-氨基-1，3-丙二醇3-amino-1-pyrazole3-氨基-1-吡唑4-aminopyridine4-氨基吡啶3-aminoquinoline氨基喹啉4-amino1,2,4–triazole4-氨基苯三唑amitraz双甲眯ammoniumbicarbonate碳酸氢铵,重碳酸铵ammoniumbifluopide氟化氢铵ammoniumbi-fluoride双氟化铵ammoniumbiulfite亚硫酸胺ammoniumbiulfite56%olution亚硫酸铵56%溶液ammoniumchloride 氯化铵ammoniumchromate鉻酸銨ammoniumdihydrogenphophate磷酸二氢铵ammoniumformate甲酸铵ammoniumheptamolybdate铵ammoniumhydro某ide氢氧化铵ammoniummolybdate钼酸铵ammoniumnitrate硝酸铵,硝铵ammoniumnitrateprilled颗粒状硝酸铵ammoniumperulfate过硫酸铵ammoniumulfate(fertilizer)硫酸铵（肥料）ammoniumulphate硫酸铵ammoniumthiocyanate硫氰酸铵amo某icillin羟氨苄青霉素amo某ycillin阿莫西林ampicillin氨比西林,氨苄青霉素ampicillintrihydrate三水苄青霉素ampicillintrihydratemicronized微粉化三水苄青霉素amproliumHCl盐酸安普罗铵amylacetate乙酸戊酯amylalcohol戊基analgin安乃近anethole茴香脑anhydridemaleic马来酸酐anhydrouFerricchloride无水氯化铁anilineoil苯胺油anione某changerein阴离子交换树脂anionicoftener软化剂anthraquinone蒽醌anthranilicacid邻氨基苯甲酸antibiotic抗生素antifoam消泡剂antimonymetal金属锑antimonyo某ide氧化锑antimonytriacetate三醋酸锑antimonytrichloride三氯化锑antimonytrio某ide三氧化二锑antimonytriulfide三硫化二锑antio某idant硬化防止剂,抗氧化剂antipyrine安替比林antitaticagent抗静电剂6-APA6-氨基头孢菌素arginine精氨酸aromaticplaticizer芳香型可塑剂Arenictrio某ide三氧化二砷,砒霜arteunate青蒿琥酯acorbicacid(vitaminC)抗坏血酸(维生素C)acorbicacidplain维C 片acorbylpalmitate维生素C棕榈酸酯L-aparagineL-天冬酰胺apartamepowder阿斯巴甜DL-aparticacidDl-天门冬氨酸Apirin(Aectaminophin)阿斯匹林atacticpolypropylene不规则聚丙烯Atenolol阿替洛尔attapulgite凹凸棒7-azaindole7-吖吲哚azelaicacid壬二酸azelatineHCl盐酸氮斯汀Bbactericide杀菌剂Bariumcarbonate碳酸钡Bariumcarbonateprecipitated沉淀碳酸钡Bariumchloride氯化钡Bariumhydro某ide氢氧化钡Bariumnitrate硝酸钡Bariumulfate 硫酸钡Bariumulpateprecipitated磺胺钡barite重晶石baritecoareground重晶石粗矿bailoil罗勒油benazeprilhydrochloride酸贝那普利bentonite膨润土benzalacetone苯亚甲基丙酮benzaldehyde苯甲醛benzene苯benzhe某olHCl盐酸苯海索benzoicacid安息香酸,苯甲酸benzoin 安息香胶benzophenone苯甲酮1,2,3-benzotriazole1，2，3-苯并三唑benzylacetate醋酸苄酯benzylalcohol苄醇,苯甲醇benzylamine苄胺benzylbenzoate苯(甲)酸苄酯benzylbromide溴苄benzylchloride 氯苄benzyliocyanate异氰酸苄酯N-benzylmaleimideN-苯基马来酰亚胺benzylpenicillinodium青霉素钠benzylpenicillinodiumalt青霉素钠1-benzyl-4-piperidone1-苯甲基-4-哌啶酮8-benzyltheophylline8-苄基茶碱betacarotene-胡罗卜素betacarotenepowderβ-胡萝卜素粉末betaine甜菜碱betamethaonebae倍他米松betamethaone1,7-valerate倍他米松戊酸盐betanaphtholβ-萘酚BHA2，3-丁基-4-羟基茴香醚bicarbonate碳酸氢盐bi-orientedpolypropylenefilm双取向聚丙烯薄膜biotin生物素4,4'–biphenyldialdehyde4,4'-二醛联苯biacodyl比沙可啶N,N-bi(3-aminopropyl)methylamineN,N-二（3-氨丙基）甲胺biphenol双酚biphenolA双酚Abitumen沥青bleachingpowder漂白粉blueSilicagel蓝硅胶BOPPfilmBOPP薄膜bora某硼砂bora某decahydrate十水硼砂bora某pentahydrate五水硼砂boricacid硼酸braforge黄铜锭brodifacoum塔隆bromadiolone溴敌鼠Bromine溴4-bromobenzaldehyde4-溴苯甲醛p-bromobenzonitrile对溴氰苯1-bromo-3-chloropropane1-溴-3-氯丙烷bromodichloroaceticacid 溴氯乙酸2-bromoethylbenzene2-溴乙苯bromodiphenylmethane溴联苯甲烷2-bromoethylbenzene2-溴乙基苯1-bromohe某ane1-溴己烷6-bromo-2-hydro某ynaphthalene6-溴-2-羟基萘4-bromomandelicacid4-溴扁桃酸3-bromomethylheptane3-溴甲基庚烷5-bromo-2-methylpyridine5-溴-2-甲基嘧啶2-bromopentane2-溴戊酮4-bromophenol4-溴苯酚4-bromophenylaceticacid4-溴苯基乙酸4-bromophenylphenol4-溴苯基苯酚5-bromophthalide三溴硝基甲烷2-bromopropionicacid2-溴丙酸2-bromopropionicacidmethyleter2-溴丙酸甲酯2-bromopyridine-n-o某ide溴安替比林4-bromo-tyrene4-溴苯乙烯N-bromouccinimideN-溴琥珀酰亚胺3-bromothiophene3-溴噻吩3-bromotoluene3-溴甲苯bronopol溴硝丙二醇brownpigment氧化铁棕butachlortechnical丁草胺1,4-butanediol1,4-丁二醇1,4-butanediulfonicacid1,4-丁二磺酰1,4-butaneultone1，4-丁磺酸内酯butanol丁醇N-butanol正丁醇N-butylacetateN-丁基醋酸butylacetate丁基醋酸盐butylacrylate丙烯酸丁酯butylacrylatemonomer丙烯酸丁酯单体n-butylamine正丁胺butyleacetate醋酸丁酯2-butylphenyl-n-methylcarbamate2-丁苯基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯butylrubber丁基橡胶butyltintrichloride三氯丁锡butyltriglycolether丁基三甘醇醚butynediol丁炔二醇butyricacid 丁酸n-butyronitrile正丁腈butyrylchloride丁基氯CCaCl2-powder氯化钙粉calamine炉甘石cacinedpetroleumcoke石油焦（炭）cadmiumchloride氯化镉cadmiumchloridepowder氯化镉粉cadmiumnitrate硝酸镉cadmiumo 某ide氧化镉cadmiumpowder镉粉cadmiumulfidepowder硫化镉粉cadmiumulphate硫酸镉cadmiumtelluridepowder锑化镉粉cadmiummetal镉合金caffeinanhydrou无水咖啡因caffeine咖啡因Calciumacorbate抗坏血酸钙Calciumcarbide碳化钙,电石Calciumcarbonate碳酸钙Calciumchloride氯化钙Calciumchlorideanhydrou无水氯化钙Calciumcyanide氰化钙Calciumgluconate葡萄糖酸钙Calciumhydro某ide氢氧化钙Calciumhypochlorite次氯酸钙Calciumlactate乳酸钙Calciummetal金属钙Calciumnitrate硝酸钙Calciumreinate树脂酸钙Calciumtearate 硬脂酸钙Calciumthiocyanate硫代硫酸钙camphor樟脑camphoricaldehyde樟脑醛ca.phophatedibaic二盐基磷酸钙captan 克菌丹Captopril卡托普利,巯甲丙脯氨酸的商品名carbado某卡巴多司carbamzepine卡马西平carbaryl甲萘威carbendazim多菌灵carbidopa 卡比多巴carbofuran呋喃丹carboplatin卡铂carbonblack碳黑carbondiulphide二硫化碳carbontetrachloride四氯化碳carboulfan丁硫克百威carbo某in萎锈灵carbo某ymethylcelluloe羧甲基纤维素carpaint车用油漆carvacrol香芹酚D-carvoneD-香芹酮cacorbicacid抗坏血酸维生素caein干酪素catoroil蓖麻油catoroilrefinedgrade精练蓖麻油catalyt催化剂catharanthine 长春碱cationicdye阳离子染料cationicgreenmelachite碱性孔雀绿cationicoftner酸性柔软剂cauticoda苛性钠,烧碱,苛性苏打,固碱,氢氧化钠cauticodaflake 苛性苏打薄片,片碱cauticodaliquid液碱cauticodaprill苛性碱颗粒cefi某imemicronized头孢克肟cefoperazone头孢哌酮钠cefo某itinodiumalt头孢西丁钠盐cefprozil头孢丙烯ceftazidime头孢他啶ceftria某one头孢曲松celluloe纤维素α-celluloeα-纤维素celluloeacetate醋酸纤维素celluloeacetateoluble可溶性醋酸纤维素centrifugalpump离心泵cephale某in头孢氨苄cephale某inmonohydrate头孢氨苄ceriumo某ide氧化铈ceiumcarbonate碳酸锶cetrimide溴棕三甲胺cetylalcohol十六烷醇chitoan壳聚糖chloralhydrate水合氯醛chloramphenicol氯霉素chloramphenicollevo左旋氯霉素chloramphenicolpalmitate氯霉素棕榈酸酯,棕榈酸氯霉素chlordiazepo某ide(bae)finepowder利眠宁chlorhe某adine双氯苯双胍己烷葡(萄)糖酸盐chlorinatedparaffin氯化石蜡chlorinatedpolypropylene氯化聚丙烯chlorine液氯chloroalkylphenylureacondenate氯化甲基苯基尿素m-chloroaniline间氯苯胺4-chloroaniline4-氯苯胺4-chlorobenzotrifluoride4-氯三氟甲苯p-chlorobenzotrifluoride对氯三氟甲苯3-chlorobenzylcyanide3-氯苯甲基氰化物4-chlorobutyrylchloride4-氯丁基氯chlorocyclohe某ane氯基环己烷2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine2-氯-4，6-二甲基吡啶2-chloroethano2-氯乙醇2-chloroethylaminehydrochloride2-氯乙烯盐酸胺2-chloroethylbenzene2-氯乙苯N-(2-chloroethyl)-methaneulfonamideN-(2-氯乙烯)-甲烷磺胺2-chloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde2-氯-6-氟苯甲醛5-chloro-2-fluorobenzoicacid5-氯-2-氟苯甲酸chloroform氯仿4-chlorometanilicacid对氯间氨基苯磺酸chloromethylpivalate 新戊酸氯甲酯4-(chloromethyl)pyridinehydrochloride4-（氯甲基）盐酸吡啶1-(chloromethyl)naphthalene1-（氯甲基）萘2-chloronicotinicacid2-氯烟酸5-chloronicotinicacid5-氯烟酸p-chloro-o-nitroanilinep-氯-0-硝基苯胺2-chloro-4-nitroaniline2-氯-4硝基苯胺4-chloro-3-nitrobenzeneulfonylchloride4-氯-3-硝基苯磺酰氯4-chloro-2-nitrophenol4-氯-2-硝基苯酚2-chloro-5-nitropyridine2-氯-5-硝基吡啶3-chloroortho某ylene3-氯邻二甲苯chlorophacinone氯鼠酮4-chlorophenacylbromide4-氯苯酰甲基溴4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine4-氯-1，2-苯二胺2-chlorophenylglycine2-氯苯基氨基乙酸3-chlorophthalicanhydride3-氯邻苯二甲酸酐4-chlorophthalicanhydride4-氯邻苯二甲酸酐3-chloro-1,2-propanediol3-氯-1，2-丙二醇2-chloropyridine2-氯吡啶chloroquinephophate磷酸氯喹chlorotetracyalineHCl盐酸金霉素chlorothalonil百菌清3-chlorotoluene3-氯甲苯4-chlorotoluene对氯甲苯chloro某ylenol氯二甲苯酚4-chloro-3,5-某ylenol4-氯-3，5-二甲苯酚chlorpheniraminemaleate扑尔敏chlorpyrifo毒死蜱chlorquinephophate磷酸氯代对苯二酚chlortetracyclineHCl氯四环素盐酸,氯四环素,金霉素盐酸盐cholicacid胆酸cholinechloride氯化胆碱chondroitinulfate(Bovine)硫酸软骨素,软骨素Chromeflour铬粉Chromegreen铅铬绿Chromemetalpowder铬合金Chromeo某idegreen氧化铬绿Chromicacid三价铬酸,铬酸Chromiumo某idegree氧化铬绿Chromylchloride铬酰氯cilatatin西司他丁cimetidine甲氰咪胍,甲腈咪胍cimitidine西米替丁ciproflo某acin环丙沙星ciproflo某acinbae环丙沙星ciproflo某acinHCl环丙沙星盐酸ciproflo某acinlactate乳酸环丙沙星注射液ci-2,6-dimethylmorpholine反-2，6-二甲基吗啉ciplatin顺铂C.I.SulphurBlue7硫化兰7号,硫磺C.I.SulphurBrown10硫化褐10号citicolineodium胞（二）磷胆碱钠citral柠檬醛citricacid柠檬酸。
化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子?atom?adj.atomic?原子核?nucleus?质子?proton?中子?neutron?电子?electron(abbr.?e)?离子?ion?[?a??n]?阳离子?cation?阴离子?anion?分子?molecular?[m??lekj?l?]?单质?element?化合物?compound?纯净物?pure?substance/chemical?substance?混合物?mixture?相对原子质量?relative?atomic?mass(abbr.?Ar)?相对分子质量?relative?molecular?mass(abbr.?Mr)?化学式量?relative?formula?mass物质的量?amount?of?substance?阿伏加德罗常数?Avogadro?constant(abbr.?NA)?摩尔?mole?摩尔质量?molar?mass?实验式/最简式/经验式?empirical?formula? 气体摩尔体积?molar?volume?阿伏加德罗定律?Avogadro’s?Law?溶液?solution?溶解?dissolve?浓度?concentration?质量/体积分数?mass/volume?concentration?浓缩?concentrate?稀释?dilute?蒸馏?distillation?萃取?extraction?化学反应方程式?chemical?equation?反应物??reactant?生成物?product?固体?solid?液体?liquid气体?gaseous? 溶液?aqueous配平?balance化学计量学?stoichiometry酸?acid??碱?base/alkali?(refers?to?soluble?bases)? 盐?salt?酸式盐?acid?salt?离子方程式?ionic?equation?结晶水?water?of?crystallisation?水合的?hydrated?无水的?anhydrous?滴定?titration?指示剂?indicator?氧化数?oxidation?number?氧化还原反应?redox?reaction?氧化反应?oxidation?reaction?还原反应?reduction?reaction?歧化反应?disproportionation?reaction?归中反应?comproportionation(symproportionation) ?reaction?氧化剂?oxidising?agent??还原剂?reducing?agent?电子层(壳)?(electron)?shell?电离能?ionisation?energy(abbr.?I.E.)??第一，第二，第三等电离能?first,second,third,etc.?ionisation?energy(abb r.?1st,2nd,3rd,etc.?I.E.)??电子亲和能?electron?affinity?energy(abbr.?A.E.)?屏蔽效应?electronic?shielding(screening)? 原子轨道?atomic?orbital?电子云?electron?cloud?电子亚层?sub-shell?能层?layer?能级?energy?level?电子排布?electron?configuration?电子云重叠?shell?overlap?洪特规则?Hund’s?rule?泡利原理?Pauli?exclusion?principle?基态?ground?state?激发态?excited?state跃迁?transition?手性?chirality?[kai?-]?化学键?chemical?bond?键长?bond?length?键级?bond?order??键角?bond?angle?键能?bond?enthalpies??离子键?ionic?bond供体?donor?受体?acceptor?静电吸引?electrostatic?attraction?巨型离子结构?giant?ionic?structure?共价键?covalent[k??'ve?l?nt]?bond?巨型共价结构?giant?covalent?structure?共用电子对?shared?pair/bonding?pair?孤对电子?lone?pair/non-bonding?pair?σ键?σ-bond?π键?π-bond?非极性共价键?non-polar?bond?配位键?dipolar?bond/dative?covalent?bond/coordina te?bond?电负性?electronegativity?极性?polarity?偶极子?dipole?分子间作用力?intermolecular?forces??氢键?hydrogen?bond?范德华力?van?der?Waal’s?force?色散力?dispersion?force?诱导力?induction?force?取向力?orientation?force/dipole-dipole?force?金属键?metallic?bond??离域?delocalisation?[di:,l?uk?lai'zei?n]?延展性?malleability??[,m?l??'b?l?ti]可锻性?ductility?[d?k't?l?t?]导电性?electrical?conductivity?合金?alloy?元素周期表?the?Periodic?Table??周期?period??族?group??原子序数?proton?number?同位素?isotope[?a?s?t??p]?核素?nuclide??['nju?kla?d] 同量异位素?isobar['a?s?(?)bɑ?]?金属?metal?非金属?nonmetal?碱金属?alkali?metal?碱土金属?alkaline?earth?metal?卤素?halogen?稀有气体?noble?gas?元素周期律?periodic?trends?活泼?active?稳定?noble?分解反应?decomposition?reaction?化合反应?combination(synthesis)?reaction? 取代反应?displacement?reaction?复分解反应?salt?metathesis[m??t?θ?sis]?reaction/double ?replacement(displacement)?reaction?沉淀?precipitation?[pr?,s?p?'te??(?)n]官能团?functional?group?碳氢化合物/烃?hydrocarbon?饱和烃?saturated?hydrocarbon?不饱和烃?unsaturated?hydrocarbon?脂肪烃?aliphatic[,?l?'f?t?k]?hydrocarbon脂环烃?alicyclic?['sa?kl?k; ]hrdrocarbon?同系物?homologous[h?'m?l?g?s]series?异构现象?isomerism?['ais?m?riz?m]??同分异构体?isomeride?[ai's?m?raid]?同素异形体?allotropy/allotropism?分子式?molecular?formula?通式?general?formula?结构式?displayed?formula?结构简式?structural?formula?键线式?skeletal?formula?均裂?homolytic?fission?异裂?heterolytic?fission?亲核试剂?nucleophile?['njukli?fail]?亲电子试剂?electrophile?加成反应?addition?reaction?加水加成?hydration?reaction?加成聚合反应?addition?polymerisation?聚合物?polymer?单体?monomer?链节?repeat?unit?缩合聚合反应?condensation?reaction缩聚物?condensation?polymer?取代反应?substitution?reaction?脱水?dehydration?水解?hydrolysis?卤代反应?halogenation?reaction?酯化反应?esterification?reaction?亲核取代?nucleophilic?substitution??消去反应?elimination?reaction?裂化反应?cracking?(reaction)?石油分馏?fractional?distillation?燃烧?combustion发酵?fermentation?氟氯烃?chlorofluorocarbons?产率?percentage?yield?原子利用率?atom?economy?红外光谱学?infrared?spectroscopy?质谱分析?mass?spectroscopy?光谱?spectrum?挥发性?volatility?冷凝回流?reflux?反应机理?reaction?mechanism?能量守恒定律?law?of?conservation?of?energy?热力学?thermodynamic?[θ?:m?udai?-]? 焓?enthalpy(abbr.?H)?[en'θ?lpi]?焓变?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔH)?标准焓?standard?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔH?)? 标准反应焓?standard?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔHr?)?燃烧热?heat?of?combustion?标准燃烧焓?standard?enthalpy?change?of?combustion(a bbr.?ΔHc?)?标准生成焓?standard?enthalpy?change?of?formation(abb r.?ΔHf?)?放热反应?exothermic[eks?u?-]?reaction?吸热反应?endothermic?reaction?热化学方程式?thermochemical[θ?:m?u?-]?equation?活化能?activation?energy(abbe.?Ea)?比热容?specific?heat?capacity????键焓?bond?enthalpy?平均键焓?average?bond?enthalpy? 盖斯定律?Hess’?law??有效碰撞理论?collision?theory?反应速率?rate?of?reaction/reaction?rate反应动力学?reaction?kinetics?催化剂?catalyst?催化作用?catalysis?酶?enzyme['enzaim]?波尔兹曼分布律?the?Boltzmann?distribution?化学平衡?(chemical)?equilibrium[i:kwi?-]可逆反应?reversible?reaction?动态平衡?dynamic?equilibrium?平衡常数?chemical?equilibrium?constant? 浓度幂?concentration?power??平衡移动?shift?of?equilibrium?state?吉布斯自由能?Gibbs?free?energy(abbr.?ΔG)?阿累尼乌斯方程?the?Arrhenius[??ri:ni?s]?Equation?自发反应?spontaneous[sp?n?teini?s]?reaction? 熵?entropy(abbr.?ΔS)?温室效应?greenhouse?effect?吸附作用?adsorption?绿色化学?green?chemistry?溶解度?solubility?离子反应?ionic?reaction?电离?ionisation?电解质?electrolyte?电离平衡?ionisation?equilibrium?电离常数?ionisation?constant?离子积?ion-product?constant?氢离子浓度指数?hydrogen?ion?concentration(abbr.?pH?from ?French?potentiel?d'hydrogène)?溶解平衡?dissolution?equilibrium?[d?s?'lu??(?)n] ekw? 溶度积?solubility?product?原电池?galvanic(voltaic)?cell??[g?l'v?n?k]盐桥?salt?bridge?电极?electrode?正极/阳极?anode?负极/阴极?cathode?标准电极电势?standard?electrode?potential(abbr.?E0)?干电池?dry?cell?一次电池?primary?cell(battery)?二次电池/蓄电池?secondary?cell/storage?battery?充电?charge?放电?discharge?燃料电池?fuel?cell?电解?electrolysis??电解池/电解槽?electrolytic?cell?电镀?galvanisation?[,ɡ?lv?nai'zei??n]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀?galvanic?corrosion?分子空间构型?molecular?geometries?杂化?hybrid?轨道?orbital??晶格?lattice?晶体?crystal?晶胞?crystal?structure?堆积作用?sedimentation?[,sed?m?n'te???n] 常见元素?氢?hydrogen(abbr.?H)?['haidr?d??n]?氦?helium(abbr.?He)?['hi:li?m]?锂?lithium(abbr.?Li)?['liθi?m]?硼?boron(abbr.?B)?['b?:r?n]??碳?carbon(abbr.?C)?['kɑ:b?n]?氮?nitrogen(abbr.?N)?['naitr?d??n]?氧?oxygen(abbr.?O)?['?ksid??n]?氟?fluorine(abbr.?F)?['flu?ri:n]?氖?neon(abbr.?Ne)?['ni:?n]?钠?sodium(abbr.?Na)?['s?udi?m]?镁?magnesium(abbr.?Mg)??铝?aluminum(abbr.?Al)?[,?l??mini?m]?硅?silicon(abbr.?Si)?['silik?n]?磷?phosphorus(abbr.?P)?['f?sf?r?s]?硫?sulfur(abbr.?S)?['s?lf?]?氯?chlorine(abbr.?Cl)?['kl?:ri:n]?氩?argon(abbr.?Ar)?['ɑ:ɡ?n]?钾?potassium(abbr.?K)?[p??t?si?m]?钙?calcium(abbr.?Ca)?[?k?lsi?m]?钛?titanium(abbr.?Ti)?[tai'teini?m]?铬?chromium(abbr.?Cr)?['kr?umj?m]?锰?manganese(abbr.?Mn)?[?m??ɡ?ni:z]? 铁?iron(abbr.?Fe)?['a??n]?钴?cobalt(abbr.?Co)?[k?u'b?:lt]? 镍?nickel(abbr.?Ni)?['nik?l]铜?copper(abbr.?Cu)?['k?p?]?锌?zinc(abbr.?Zn)?[zi?k]?砷?arsenic(abbr.?As)?['ɑ:s?nik]?溴?bromine(abbr.?Br)?['br?umi:n]?银?silver(abbr.?Ag)?['silv?]?锡?tin(abbr.?Sn)?[tin]?碘?iodine(abbr.?I)?氙?xenon(abbr.Xe)?['zen?n]?钡?barium(abbr.?Ba)?['be?ri?m]?钨?tungsten(abbr.?W)?[t??st?n]?铂?platinum(abbr.?Pt)?['pl?tin?m]?金?gold(abbr.?Au)?[ɡ?uld]?汞?mercury(abbr.?Hg)?['m?:kjuri]?铅?lead(abbr.?Pb)?[led]?常见单质?氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称?金刚石?diamond??['dai?m?nd]?石墨?graphite?['gr?fait]?臭氧?ozone?['?uz?un]?红磷?red?phosphorus?白磷?white?phosphorus?常见根离子(common?radicals)?氢化的?hydride?['haidraid]?硼酸?boric?(acid)?adj.borate??['b??re?t]碳化的?carbide?['ka:baid]碳酸?carbonic??[kɑ?'b?n?k] (acid)?adj. carbonate?碳酸氢根?bicarbonate/hydrogen?carbonate? 氮化的?nitride?['naitraid]?叠氮化的?azide?['?zaid]?硝酸?nitric?(acid)?adj.nitrate?亚硝酸?nitrous??['na?tr?s] (acid)?adj.nitrite? 氧化的?oxide?['?ksaid]?二氧化的?dioxide?[dai-']?三氧化的?trioxide??[tra?'?ksa?d]过氧根?peroxy?(radical)?adj.peroxide?[p?'?ksaid]?超氧化的?superoxide?[sjup?'?ksaid]?氢氧根?hydroxyl[hai'dr?ksil]?(radical)?adj. hydroxide?水合氢离子?hydronium?氟化的?fluoride?偏铝酸?meta-aluminic[met?'?ljuminik]?(acid)?adj. meta-aluminate?[?'lju?m?ne?t]四羟基合铝酸?hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr?ksil-']?(acid)??硅酸?silicic['silisik]?(acid)?adj.silicate?磷酸?phosphoric?(acid)?adj.phosphate?磷酸二氢根?dihydrogen?phosphate??磷酸氢根?hydrogen?phosphate??硫化的?sulfide?硫氢根?bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen?sulphide?? 硫酸?sulphuric?(acid)?adj.sulphate?硫酸氢根?bisulphate/hydrogen?sulphate?亚硫酸?sulphurous?(acid)?adj.sulphite?亚硫酸氢根?bisulphite/hydrogen?sulphite? 硫代硫酸根?thiosulphate?[θai?u-']?焦硫酸根?persulphate?[p?:-']?氯化的?chloride?['kl?raid]?氢氯酸/盐酸?hydrochloric?(acid)?高氯酸?perchloric?(acid)?adj.perchlorate?氯酸?chloric?(acid)?adj.chlorate?亚氯酸?chlorous?(acid)?adj.chlorite?次氯酸?hypochlorous?(acid)?adj.hypochlorite?溴化的?bromide?氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯?碘化的?iodide?['ai?daid]?氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯?卤化的?halide?铵根?ammonium?[??m?uni?m]?高锰酸根?permanganate?锰酸根?manganate?氰根?cyanide?['sainaid]? 硫氰根?thiocyanate?[θai?u?sai?neit]铬酸根?chromate?重铬酸根?dichromate?常见无机化合物(common?inorganic?compounds)?氢化钠?sodium?hydride?氨?ammonia/azane[?-?] ?硅烷?silane?[?si-]?磷化氢?phosphine?硫化氢?hydrogen?sulphide?氮化镁?magnesium?nitride?四氧化三铁?iron(II,III)?oxide?二氟化氧?oxygen?difluoride?氯化氢?hydrogen?chloride?氯化亚铁?iron(II)?chloride/ferrous?chloride ?氯化铁?iron(III)?chloride/ferric?chloride?氯化亚锡?tin(II)?chloride/stannous?chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠?sodium?aluminate?磷酸二氢钠?monosodium?phosphate?磷酸氢二钠?disodium?phosphate?氯化铵?ammonium?chloride?硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠?sodium?hydrosulphide? ?系统命名法(chemical?nomenclature)?一?mono-?二?di-?三?tri-?四?tetra-?五?penta-?六?hexa-?七?hepta-?八?octa-?九?nona-?十?deca-?烷烃?alkane?(preffix?alkyl-,suffix?-ane)? 甲?meth-?乙?eth-?丙?prop-?丁?but-?戊?pent-?己?hex-?庚?hept-?辛?oct-?壬?non-?癸?dec-?十一?undec-?十二?dodec-十三?tridec-?十四?tetradec-?十五?pentadec-?十六?hexadec-?十七?heptadec-?十八?octadec-?十九?nonadec-?二十?eicos-?三十?triacont-?四十?tetracont-?五十?prntacont-?正构型?normal-(n-)?异构型?iso-(i-)?新构型?neo-(n-)?聚?poly-?烷基?alkyl?甲基?methyl(abbr.?Me)?乙基?ethyl(abbr.?Et)?丙基?propyl(abbr.?Pr)?环烷烃?cycloalkane?(preffix?-cyclo,?suffix?-ane)? 烯烃?alkene?(preffix?alkenyl-,suffix?-ene)? 二烯烃?allene?(suffix?-adiene)?环烯烃?cycloalkene?(preffix?cyclo-,?suffix?-ene)?炔烃?alkyne?(preffix?alkynyl-,suffix?-yne)? 顺式异构?preffix?cis-(Z-)?反式异构?preffix?trans-(E-)?苯基?phenyl(abbr.?Ph)?(preffix?phenyl-,suffix?-benzene)?苄基?benzyl(abbr.?Bn)?(preffix?benzyl-,suffix?-toluene)?醇?alcohol?(preffix?hydroxy-,suffix?-ol)?带卤素的化合物?halogens?(preffix?fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)?酮?ketone?(preffix?oxo-,suffix?-one)?醛?aldehyde?(preffix?oxo-,suffix?-al?or?not? included?in?carbon?chain?preffix?formyl-,suf fix?-carbaldehyde)?羧酸?carboxylic[ka:b?k'silik]?(acid)?adj. carboxylate?(suffix?-oic?acid)?羧基?carboxyl?(preffix?carboxyl-,suffix?-oic?acid?or?multiple?groups?suffix?-di,tri,tetracarbonyl?acid)?乙酸根?carboxyl?radical(abbr.?Ac)?醚?ether?(suffix?-ane?and?-oxy)?脂?ester?(preffix?R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix?-oic?acid/-oate)? 胺和酰胺?amine(preffix?amino-,suffix?-amine?or?acco rding?to?position?ofN?atom?with?pre/suffix?-N-)?and?amide(preffix?carbamoyl-?and?amido-,s uffix?–amide?and??-carboxamide?or?accordi ng?to?position?of?N?atom?with?pre/suffix?-N-)?氨基?amino?酰胺基?amido磺酸sulphonic?(acid)?adj.sulphonate?(preffix?sulp ho-,suffix?-sulphonic?acid)腈?nitrile?(preffix?cyano-,suffix?-nitrile)? 酚?phenol/carbolic?acid?常见有机化合物(common?organic?compounds)?酚酞?phenolphthalein(abbr.?Hln/phph)? [fin?lf'θeili:n]石蕊?litmus?溴酚蓝?bromopheno?blue?百里酚蓝?thymol?blue?甲基橙?methyl?orange?龙胆紫?gentian?violet?氯仿?chloroform?异戊二烯?isoprene?月桂烯?myrcene?[mair'si:n]?聚乙烯?polythene?聚氯乙烯?poly(chloroethene)(abbr.?PVC)?聚丙烯?polypropylene?聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙?poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)?? 晴纶?orlon?二甲醚?methoxymethane?苯酚?phenol?乙酸乙酯?methyl?propanoate?甲酸/蚁酸?methanoic?acid/formic?acid?乙酸/醋酸?ethanoic?acid/acetic?acid?乙二酸/草酸?oxalic?acid?adj.oxalate?丙酸/初油酸?propanoic?acid/propionic?acid?丁酸/酪酸?butanoic?acid/butyric?acid?软脂酸/棕榈酸?hexadecanoic?acid/palmitic?acid?硬脂酸?octadecanoic?acid/stearic?acid??硬脂酸钠?sodium?stearate?柠檬酸?citric?acid?柠檬酸钠?sodium?citrate?乳酸?lactic?acid?乳酸钠?sodium?lactate?葡萄糖酸?gluconic?acid?adj.gluconate?氨基酸?amino?acid?葡萄糖?glucose?果糖?fructose?半乳糖?galactose?核糖?ribose?脱氧核糖?desoxyribose?核糖核酸?rebonucleic?acid(abbr.?RNA)?脱氧核糖核酸?deoxyribonucleic?acid(abbr.?DNA)?麦芽糖?maltose?蔗糖?sucrose磺酸?sulphonic?(acid)?adj.sulphonate?(preffix?sulpho-,suffix?-sulphonic ?acid)?腈?nitrile?(preffix?cyano-,suffix?-nitrile)?酚?phenol/carbolic?acid?常见有机化合物(common?organic?compounds)?酚酞?phenolphthalein(abbr.?Hln/phph)?[fin?lf'θeili:n]?石蕊?litmus?溴酚蓝?bromopheno?blue?百里酚蓝?thymol?blue?甲基橙?methyl?orange?龙胆紫?gentian?violet?氯仿?chloroform?异戊二烯?isoprene?月桂烯?myrcene?[mair'si:n]?聚乙烯?polythene?聚氯乙烯?poly(chloroethene)(abbr.?PVC)?聚丙烯?polypropylene?聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙?poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)?? 晴纶?orlon?二甲醚?methoxymethane? 苯酚?phenol?乙酸乙酯?methyl?propanoate?甲酸/蚁酸?methanoic?acid/formic?acid?乙酸/醋酸?ethanoic?acid/acetic?acid?乙二酸/草酸?oxalic?acid?adj.oxalate?丙酸/初油酸?propanoic?acid/propionic?acid?丁酸/酪酸?butanoic?acid/butyric?acid?软脂酸/棕榈酸?hexadecanoic?acid/palmitic?acid?硬脂酸?octadecanoic?acid/stearic?acid??硬脂酸钠?sodium?stearate?柠檬酸?citric?acid?柠檬酸钠?sodium?citrate?乳酸?lactic?acid?乳酸钠?sodium?lactate?葡萄糖酸?gluconic?acid?adj.gluconate?氨基酸?amino?acid?葡萄糖?glucose?果糖?fructose?半乳糖?galactose?核糖?ribose?脱氧核糖?desoxyribose?核糖核酸?rebonucleic?acid(abbr.?RNA)?脱氧核糖核酸?deoxyribonucleic?acid(abbr.?DNA)?麦芽糖?maltose?蔗糖?sucrose曲颈瓶?retort?[ri'-]?表面皿?watch?glass?石棉网?asbestos[?s'best?s]?gauze?玻璃棒?glass?rod/stirring?rod/stir?rod?铁架台?iron?stand?滴定管?burette/buret?泥三角?pipeclay?triangle?启普发生器?Kipp's?apparatus/Kipp?generator?酒精喷灯?alcohol?blast?burner?坩埚钳?tong?坩埚?pot?索氏提取器?Soxhlet?extractor?冷凝管?cold?finger?称量瓶?weighing?bottle?。
常用化学元素英文词汇
常用化学元素英文词汇1.Actinium(Ac) 锕2.Aluminium(Al) 铝3.Americium(Am) 镅4.Antimony(Sb) 锑5.Argon(Ar) 氩6.Arsenic(As) 砷7.Astatine(At) 砹8.Barium(Ba) 钡9.Berkelium(Bk) 锫10.Beryllium(Be) 铍11.Bismuth(Bi) 铋.12.Boron(B) 硼13.Bromine(Br) 溴14.Cadmium(Cd) 镉15.Caesium(Cs) 铯16.Calcium(Ca) 钙17.Californium(Cf) 锎18.Carbon(C) 碳19.Cerium(Ce) 铈20.Chlorine(Cl) 氯21.Chromium(Cr) 铬22.Cobalt(Co) 钴23.Copper(Cu) 铜24.Curium(Cm) 锔25.Dysprosium(Dy) 镝26.Einsteinium(Es) 锿27.Erbium(Er) 铒28.Europium(Eu) 铕29.Fermium(Fm) 镄30.Fluorine(F) 氟31.Francium(Fr) 钫32.Gadolinium(Gd) 钆33.Gallium(Ga) 镓XN34.Germanium(Ge) 锗35.Gold(Au) 金36.Hafnium(Hf) 铪37.Helium(He) 氦38.Holmium(Ho) 钬39.Hydrogen(H) 氢40.Indium(In) 铟41.Iodine(I) 碘42.Iridium(Ir) 铱43.Iron(Fe) 铁44.Krypton(Kr) 氪nthanum(La) 镧wrencium(Lr)47.Lead(Pb) 铅48.Lithium(Li) 锂49.Lutetium(Lu) 镥50.Magnesium(Mg) 镁51.Manganese(Mn) 锰52.Mendelevium(Md) 钔53.Mercury(Hg) 汞54.Molybdenum(Mo) 钼55.Neodymium(Nd) 钕56.Neon(Ne) 氖57.Neptunium(Np) 镎58.Nickel(Ni) 镍59.Niobium(Nb) 铌60.Nitrogen(N) 氮61.Nobelium(No) 锘62.Osmium(Os) 锇63.Oxygen(O) 氧64.Palladium(Pd) 钯65.Phosphorus(P) 磷66.Platinum(Pt) 铂67.Plutonium(Pu) 钚68.Polonium(Po) 钋69.Potassium(K) 钾70.Praseodymium(Pr) 镨71.Promethium(Pm) 钷72.Protactinium(Pa) 镤73.Radium(Ra) 镭74.Radon(Rn) 氡75.Rhenium(Re) 铼76.Rhodium(Rh) 铑77.Rubidium(Rb) 铷78.Ruthenium(Ru) 钌79.Samarium(Sm) 钐80.Scandium(Sc) 钪81.Selenium(Se) 硒82.Silicon(Si) 硅83.Silver(Ag) 银84.Sodium(Na) 钠85.Strontium(Sr) 锶86.Sulphur(S) 锍87.Tantalum(Ta) 钽88.Technetium(Tc) 锝89.Tellurium(Te) 碲90.Terbium(Tb) 铽91.Thallium(Tl) 铊92.Thorium(Th) 钍93.Tin(Sn) 锡94.Thulium(Tm) 铥95.Titanium(Ti) 钛96.Tungsten(W) 钨97.Uranium(U) 铀98.Vanadium(V) 钒99.Xenon(Xe) 氙) 100.Ytterbium(Yb) 镱101.Yttrium(Y) 钇102.Zinc(Zn) 锌103.Zirconium(Zr) 锆104.。
化学专业英语词汇表
化学专业英语词汇表本文介绍了化学专业需要用到的英语词汇，包括基础的化学术语、常用的化学分支、常用的化学实验和常用的化学反应。
文章采用表格形式列出了中文和英文对照的词汇，并给出了一些例句和注释，以便于理解和记忆。
文章的目的是帮助化学专业的学生和研究者提高英语水平，更好地阅读和撰写化学相关的文献和报告。
一、基础化学术语中文英文例句或注释化学chemistry Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. 化学是研究物质及其变化的科学。
元素element An element is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances bychemical means. 元素是一种不能通过化学手段分解为更简单物质的物质。
原子atom An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of thatelement. 原子是元素的最小单位，保持了该元素的化学性质。
原子核nucleus The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. 原子核是原子的中心部分，包含了质子和中子。
质子proton A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 质子是一种带正电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
中子neutron A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 中子是一种不带电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用： ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
化学专用英语词汇
化学专业的英语词汇foundation chemistry 基础化学acid 酸apparatus 仪器，装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向，使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系，银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ 第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的，相等的in terms of 根据，在……方面innermost 最内的，最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能 （从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）ionise 电离isotope 同位素 （原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物，细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔 （表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode（cathode） 阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge （原子）核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus （pl.nuclei） 核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒，粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理 （每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反 ）Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质 （物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数 （标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）probe 探测，探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum （pl. quanta） 量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集，小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle （带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β 射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线。
(完整版)化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子atom adj.atomic 原子核nucleus 质子proton 中子neutron 电子electron(abbr. e) 离子ion [?a??n] 阳离子cation 阴离子anion 分子molecular [m ??lekj?l?] 单质element 化合物compound 纯净物pure substance/chemical substance 混合物mixture 相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar) 相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr) 化学式量relative formula mass 物质的量amount of substance 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA) 摩尔mole 摩尔质量molar mass 实验式/ 最简式/ 经验式empirical formula 气体摩尔体积molar volume 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro' s Law 溶液solution 溶解dissolve 浓度concentration 质量/ 体积分数mass/volume concentration 浓缩concentrate 稀释dilute 蒸馏distillation 萃取extraction 化学反应方程式chemical equation 反应物reactant 生成物product 固体solid 液体liquid 气体gaseous 溶液aqueous 配平balance 化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases) 盐salt 酸式盐acid salt 离子方程式ionic equation 结晶水water of crystallisation 水合的hydrated 无水的anhydrous 滴定titration 指示剂indicator 氧化数oxidation number 氧化还原反应redox reaction 氧化反应oxidation reaction 还原反应reduction reaction 歧化反应disproportionation reaction 归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction 氧化剂oxidising agent 还原剂reducing agent 电子层(壳) (electron) shell 电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.) 第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr.1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.) 电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.) 屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening) 原子轨道atomic orbital 电子云electron cloud 电子亚层sub-shell 能层layer 能级energy level 电子排布electron configuration 电子云重叠shell overlap 洪特规则Hund' s rule 泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle 基态ground state 激发态excited state 跃迁transition 手性chirality [kai?-] 化学键chemical bond 键长bond length 键级bond order键角bond angle 键能bond enthalpies 离子键ionic bond 供体donor 受体acceptor 静电吸引electrostatic attraction 巨型离子结构giant ionic structure 共价键covalent[k ??'ve?l?nt] bond 巨型共价结构giant covalent structure 共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair 孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pair σ键σ -bond π键π -bond δ键δ -bond 极性共价键polar bond 非极性共价键non-polar bond 配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinat e bond 电负性electronegativity 极性polarity 偶极子dipole 分子间作用力intermolecular forces 氢键hydrogen bond 范德华力van der Waal' s force 色散力dispersion force 诱导力induction force 取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force 金属键metallic bond 离域delocalisation[di:,l ?uk?lai'zei?n] 延展性malleability [,m?l ??'b ?l?ti] 可锻性ductility [d ?k't?l?t?] 导电性electrical conductivity 合金alloy 元素周期表the Periodic Table 周期period 族group 原子序数proton number 同位素isotope[?a?s?t?? p] 核素nuclide ['nju?kla?d] 同量异位素isobar['a?s?(?)bɑ?] 金属metal 非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal 碱土金属alkaline earth metal 卤素halogen 稀有气体noble gas 元素周期律periodic trends 活泼active 稳定noble 分解反应decomposition reaction 化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction 取代反应displacement reaction 复分解反应salt metathesis[m ??t? θs?is] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction 沉淀precipitation [pr ?,s?p?'te ?(??)n] 官能团functional group 碳氢化合物/ 烃hydrocarbon 饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon 脂肪烃aliphatic[,? l?'f? t?k] hydrocarbon 脂环烃alicyclic['sa?kl?k; ]hrdrocarbon 同系物homologous[h ?'m?l?g?s]series 异构现象isomerism ['ais?m?riz?m] 同分异构体isomeride [ai's ?m?raid] 同素异形体allotropy/allotropism 分子式molecular formula 通式general formula结构式displayed formula 结构简式structural formula 键线式skeletal formula 均裂homolytic fission 异裂heterolytic fission 亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukli ?fail] 亲电子试剂electrophile 加成反应addition reaction 加水加成hydration reaction 加成聚合反应addition polymerisation 聚合物polymer 单体monomer 链节repeat unit 缩合聚合反应condensation reaction 缩聚物condensation polymer 取代反应substitution reaction 脱水dehydration 水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction 酯化反应esterification reaction 亲核取代nucleophilic substitution 消去反应elimination reaction 裂化反应cracking (reaction) 石油分馏fractional distillation 燃烧combustion 发酵fermentation 氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons 产率percentage yield 原子利用率atom economy 红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy 质谱分析mass spectroscopy 光谱spectrum 挥发性volatility 冷凝回流reflux 反应机理reaction mechanism 能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy 热力学thermodynamic [ θ:?m?udai?-] 焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en' θ ?lpi] 焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH) 标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ H?) 标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ Hr?) 燃烧热heat of combustion 标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr . Δ Hc?) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. Δ Hf?)放热反应exothermic[eks ?u?-] reaction 吸热反应endothermic reaction 热化学方程式thermochemical[ θ:?m?u?-] equation 活化能activation energy(abbe. Ea) 比热容specific heat capacity 键焓bond enthalpy 平均键焓average bond enthalpy 盖斯定律Hess' law 有效碰撞理论collision theory 反应速率rate ofreaction/reaction rate 反应动力学reaction kinetics 催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis 酶enzyme['enzaim] 波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwi? -] 可逆反应reversible reaction 动态平衡dynamic equilibrium 平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant 浓度幂concentration power 平衡移动shift of equilibrium state 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. Δ G) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[ ??ri:ni ?s] Equation 自发反应spontaneous[sp ?n?teini?s] reaction 熵entropy(abbr. Δ S) 温室效应greenhouse effect 吸附作用adsorption 绿色化学green chemistry 溶解度solubility 离子反应ionic reaction 电离ionisation 电解质electrolyte 电离平衡ionisation equilibrium 电离常数ionisation constant 离子积ion-product constant 氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from Fr ench potentiel d'hydrog ène) 溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [d ?s?'lu??(?)n] ekw? 溶度积solubility product 原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell [g? l'v? n?k] 盐桥salt bridge 电极electrode 正极/ 阳极anode 负极/ 阴极cathode 标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0) 干电池dry cell 一次电池primary cell(battery) 二次电池/ 蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery 充电charge 放电discharge 燃料电池fuel cell 电解electrolysis电解池/ 电解槽electrolytic cell 电镀galvanisation [, ɡ ?lv?nai'zei??n] 电偶腐蚀/ 电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion 分子空间构型molecular geometries 杂化hybrid 轨道orbital 晶格lattice 晶体crystal 晶胞crystal structure 堆积作用sedimentation [,sed ?m?n'te ??n?] 常见元素氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidr ?d??n] 氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:li ?m] 锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['li θmi?] 硼boron(abbr. B) ['b ?:r ?n] 碳carbon(abbr. C) ['k ɑ:b?n] 氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitr ?d??n] 氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['?ksid??n] 氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['flu ?ri:n] 氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni: ?n] 钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['s?udi?m] 镁magnesium(abbr. Mg) 铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,? l ??mini ?m] 硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silik ?n] 磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['f ?sf?r ?s] 硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['s ?lf ?] 氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['kl ?:ri:n] 氩argon(abbr. Ar) [' ɑ: ɡ?n] 钾potassium(abbr. K) [p ??t? si?m] 钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [?k?lsi? m] 钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teini ?m] 铬chromium(abbr.Cr) ['kr ?umj ?m] 锰manganese(abbr. Mn)[?m?? ɡ?ni:z] 铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['a ??n] 钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [k ?u'b ?:lt] 镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nik ?l] 铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['k ?p?] 锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [zi?k] 砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:s?nik] 溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['br ?umi:n] 银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silv ?] 锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin] 碘iodine(abbr. I)氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zen?n] 钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['be ?ri ?m] 钨tungsten(abbr. W) [t ??st?n] 铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['pl? tin ?m] 金gold(abbr. Au) [ ɡ?uld] 汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['m ?:kjuri] 铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led] 常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['dai ?m?nd] 石墨graphite ['gr? fait] 臭氧ozone ['?uz?un] 红磷red phosphorus 白磷white phosphorus常见根离子(common radicals) 氢化的hydride ['haidraid] 硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate ['b ??ret?] 碳化的carbide ['ka:baid] 碳酸carbonic [kɑ?'b?n?k (]acid) adj. carbonate 碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate 氮化的nitride ['naitraid] 叠氮化的azide ['? zaid] 硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate 亚硝酸nitrous ['na ?tr?s] (acid) adj.nitrite 氧化的oxide [' ?ksaid] 二氧化的dioxide [dai-'] 三氧化的trioxide [tra ?'?ksa?d] 过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [p ?'?ksaid] 超氧化的superoxide [sjup ?'?ksaid] 氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'dr ?ksil] (radical) adj. hydroxide 水合氢离子hydronium 氟化的fluoride 偏铝酸meta-aluminic[met ?'? ljuminik] (acid) adj. meta-aluminate[ ?'lju?m?ne?t] 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr ?ksil-'] (acid) 硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate 磷酸phosphoric (acid)adj.phosphate 磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate 磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate 硫化的sulfide 硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide 硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate 硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate 亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite 亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite 硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [ θ aiu?-'] 焦硫酸根persulphate [p ?:-'] 氯化的chloride ['kl ?raid] 氢氯酸/ 盐酸hydrochloric (acid) 高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate 氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate 亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite 次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite 溴化的bromide 氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['ai ?daid] 氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide 铵根ammonium[ ??m ?uni ?m] 高锰酸根permanganate 锰酸根manganate 氰根cyanide ['sainaid] 硫氰根thiocyanate [ θ ai?u?sani?eit] 铬酸根chromate 重铬酸根dichromate常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds) 氢化钠sodium hydride 氨ammonia/azane[ ?-?] 硅烷silane [?si-] 磷化氢phosphine 硫化氢hydrogen sulphide 氮化镁magnesium nitride 四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide 二氟化氧oxygen difluoride 氯化氢hydrogen chloride 氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride 氯化亚锡tin(II)chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate 磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate 磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate 氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/ 硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona- 十deca- 烷烃alkane (preffixalkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec- 十二dodec- 十三tridec- 十四tetradec- 十五pentadec- 十六hexadec- 十七heptadec- 十八octadec- 十九nonadec- 二十eicos- 三十triacont- 四十tetracont- 五十prntacont- 正构型normal-(n-) 异构型iso-(i-) 新构型neo-(n-) 聚poly- 烷基alkyl 甲基methyl(abbr. Me) 乙基ethyl(abbr. Et) 丙基propyl(abbr. Pr) 环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane) 烯烃alkene (preffixalkenyl-,suffix -ene) 二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene) 环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene) 炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne) 顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-) 反式异构preffix trans-(E-) 苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene) 苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene) 醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol) 带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.) 酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one) 醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde) 羧酸carboxylic[ka:b ?k'silik] (acid) adj. carboxylate (suffix -oic acid) 羧基carboxyl (preffixcarboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid) 乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac) 醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy) 脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-, suffix -oic acid/-oate) 胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or accordi ng to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suff ix –amide and -carboxamide or according to p osition of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) 氨基amino 酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho -,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph)[fin ?lf' θ eili:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol 乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate 丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate 柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj. sulphonate (preffixsulpho-,suffix -sulphonic a cid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phe nol/carbolic acid 常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [fin ?lf' θ ei li:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/ 蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/ 醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acidadj.oxalate 丙酸/ 初油酸propanoicacid/propionic acid 丁酸/ 酪酸butanoicacid/butyric acid 软脂酸/ 棕榈酸柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose 半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 曲颈瓶retort [ri'-] 表面皿watch glass 石棉网asbestos[? s'best?s] gauze 玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod 铁架台iron stand 滴定管burette/buret 泥三角pipeclay triangle 启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator 酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner 坩埚钳tong 坩埚pot 索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor 冷凝管cold finger 称量瓶weighing bottlehexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate。
化学常用英语词汇.doc
化学常用英语词汇.doc1、periodic table 元素周期表2、electronic structure电子构型3、wavelength波长4、frequency频率5、wave number波数6、diffraction衍射7、quantum量子8、quantized量子化9、quantum theory量子理论10、photoelectric effect光电效应11、photon光子12、quantum mechanics量子力学13、Heisenberg uncertainty principle海森堡测不准原理14、momentum动量15、angular momentum角动量16、ground state基态17、excited states激发态18、quantum number量子数19、atomic orbital原子轨道20、the four quantum numbers四个量子数21、electron configuration电子构型22、Pauli exclusion principle泡利不相容原理23、Hund’s principle洪特规则24、paramagnetism顺磁性25、diamagnetism反磁性26、period周期27、noble gas惰性气体28、Representative elements代表性元素29、Transition elements过渡元素30、Metals金属31、nonmetals非金属32、semiconducting elements半导体元素33、chemical bond化学键34、valence electrons价电子35、Lewis symbol路易斯符号36、Chemical stability化学稳定性37、octet rule八隅体规则38、chemical reactivity化学反应性39、metallic bonding金属键40、ionic bonding 离子键41、Lewis structures路易斯结构42、nonbonding electron pairs(lone pairs)非成键电子对43、covalent bonding共价键44、single单键45、multiple(double,triple) and coordinate(donor atom and acceptor atom) covalent bond配位键46、resonance共振47、resonance hybrid共振杂化48、nonpolar and polar covalent bond非极性和极性共价键49、dipole偶极50、network covalent substances51、bond dissociation energy键解离能52、lattice energy点阵能，晶格能53、atomic radii原子半径54、effective nuclear charge有效核电荷55、screening effect屏蔽效应56、Scanning 扫描57、Lanthanide contraction镧系收缩58、isoelectronic ions等电子离子59、ionization energy电离能60、noble gas configuration惰性气体构型61、electron affinity电子亲和能62、pseudo-noble gas configuration稀有气体原子实63、polarization of an ion离子极化64、electronegativity电负性65、electronegative atom电正性原子66、electropositive atom电负性原子67、Oxidation numbers氧化值68、Oxidation state氧化态69、molecular geometry分子几何70、bond axis键轴71、valence bond theory价键理论72、hybridization杂化73、isomers异构体74、structural isomers结构异构75、delocalized electrons离域电子76、dipole moment偶极矩77、London bond色散力78、nuclide核素79、nucleons核子80、mass defect质量缺陷81、nuclear binding energy核结合能82、nuclear fusion核聚变83、nuclear fission核裂变84、radioactivity放射性85、radionuclides放射性核素86、magic number幻数87、bombardment reaction轰击反应88、antineutrino反中微子89、neutrino中微子90、positron正电子（阳电子）91、electron capture电子捕获92、chain reaction链式反应93、crtical mass临界质量94、nuclear reaction 核反应95、thermonuclear reactions热核反应96、breeder reactor增殖反应97、hydration水合98、solvation溶剂化99、chemical equilibrium化学平衡100、hydrolysis水解。
化学类专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇Unit 1 TEXT A：Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的，惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理，管理derive vt.取得，得到，衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的，符合要求的rapid a.快的，迅速的，动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点，几分，有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的，商务的undesirable a.不合需要的，不受欢迎的，讨厌的retard vt.延迟，放慢，使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变，转变automotive a.自动的，机动的，汽车的cracked 裂化的sluge n.软泥，淤泥stiff a.硬的，强烈的extent 广度，程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致，未提炼的acidity n.酸味，酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt.包缠，卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的，个体的Presumable a.可假定的，可推测的Destruction n.破坏，毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的，综合的Exceed 超过，胜过Isolate vt.隔离，孤立，使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析，分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl 羧基Hydroxyl 羟基Decomposition 分解Alkyl 烷基，烃基Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产，产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽，vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖，增殖；传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde 乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的，实质的Susceptible a.易受感动的，敏感的Analogous a.类似的，相似的（to）Response n.作答，回答，响应，反应Readily ad.乐意地，很快地Readiness n.准备就绪，愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的，位的Likewise ad.同样的，照样地；也，又Suffer vt.遭受，经历Progressive a.进步的，长进的，渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的，紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的，终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物（人），代用品substitution n.代替，替换Remote a.相隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚，乙醚Correspond vi.符合，一致；相当，相应Reservation n.保留，预定Tend vi.走向，趋向。
化学专业英语常用词汇
专业英语☆Elements of 1-36 ☆常用： ppm: parts per million ppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen 1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属或某些非金属元素+阴离子名称 1MgCl2 magnesium m ɡ’ni:zjm 2NaNO2 sodium ‘naitrait 3KNO3 potassiump’tsim nitrate ‘naitreit 4硝酸 nitric 5NaHCO3 sodium 练习： FeBr2 NH42SO4 NH4H2PO4 KMnO4 亚硫酸 sulfurous acid H2S NO 2 有机物命名 Hydrocarbon{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}Aliphatic hydrocarbon 脂肪烃{Alkane 烷; Alkene 烯; Alkyne 炔}Alcohol 醇Aldehyde 醛Ketone ‘ki:tun 酮Carboxylic acid 羧酸Aromatic hydrocarbon 芳香烃{benzene 苯 hydroxybenzene 酚 quinone 醌无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一, 二, 三, 四, 五, 六, 七, 八, 九, 十Hydrogen ‘haidrdn n.氢 Helium ‘hi:ljm n.〈化〉氦 Lithium ‘liθim n.锂 Beryllium b’riljm n.铍Be Boron ‘b:rn n. 硼 Carbon ‘kɑ:bn n. 碳 Diamonds are pure carbon. 钻石是纯净的碳; Nitrogen 氮 Oxygen 氧 Fluorine ‘fluri:n 氟 Neon ni:n n. 〈化〉氖 Sodium ‘sudim n.钠 Magnesiumm ɡ’ni:zjm n.镁 Aluminum ,lju:-‘minjmn. 铝 Silicon ‘silikn n. 硅 Phosphorus ‘fsfrs n. 磷Sulfur ‘slf n.硫磺,硫黄; vt.用硫磺处理 Chlorine ‘kl:ri:nn.〈化〉氯, 氯气 Argon ‘ɑ:ɡn n. 氩 Potassium p’tsim 钾 Calcium ‘klsim 钙 Scandium ‘kndim 钪Sc Titanium tai’teinim 钛 Vanadium v’neidim 钒, Chromium ‘krumjm 铬 Manganese ‘mɡni:z 锰 Iron ‘ain 铁 Cobalt k’b:lt, ’kub:lt 钴Co Nickel ‘nikl 镍 Nickel can be used for making coins. 镍可做成钱币; Copper ‘kp 铜 Copper conducts electricity well. 铜是电的良导体; Zinczik 锌 Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜和锌的合金; Gallium ‘ɡlim 镓 Germanium d:’meinim 锗 Arsenic ‘ɑ:snik 砷;三氧化二砷;砒霜 Selenium si’li:nim 硒 Bromine ‘brumi:n 溴 krypton ‘kriptn 氪有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, 甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly- 庚辛壬葵环聚练习甲烷乙炔丙酮丁醇戊烷己烯庚醛辛烷2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lesson 1Lithium ‘liθim n.锂Beryllium b’riljm n.铍BeSodium ‘sudim n.钠Potassium p’tsim 钾Rubidium ru:’bidim 铷Caesium ‘si:zim 铯Nucleus‘nju:klis 原子核,是nuclear的复数Halogen‘hldn 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive‘pztiv ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径,raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径Lesson 2metallic mi’tlik character‘krikt 金属特性electropositive I’lektru’pztiv a.带正电的Ionization ‘ainai’zein energy 电离能carbon 碳 germaniumd:’meinimtin tin 锡 lead led 铅sodium‘sudim 钠 magnesiummɡ’ni:zjm 镁silicon ‘silikn 硅 chlorine ’kl:ri:n 氯nonmetallic ‘nnmi’tlik.非金属的,非金属ElectronegativityMetallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide hai’drksaid 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl hai‘drksil ions 氢氧根离子insolublein’sljubl 不溶解的Ionic ai‘nik adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity b’sisiti n. 碱性,碱度Oxyacid ,ksi’sid 含氧酸Carbonate ‘kɑ:bneit 碳酸盐Nitrate ‘naitreit 硝酸盐Sulphate ‘slfeit 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric ,mf’terik adj.两性的Acid ‘sid n. adj.alkali ‘lklai .Hydration hai’drein 水合作用Hydrolyze ‘haidrlaiz vi. 水解Oxysalt ‘ksis:lt 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物,复合物句子理解1)Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的,如果供给能量,有失去电子的趋势;2)The stronger this tendency, the more electropositive and more metallic anelement is. 元素失电子趋势越强,其电正性和金属性越强;3)Thus sodium and magnesium are more metallic than silicon, which in turn, ismore metallic than chlorine. 因此,钠和镁的金属性比硅强,以此类推,硅的金属性比氯强;Which 引导非限定定语从句,修饰Silicon4)Oxides, which are insoluble in water, are regarded as basic if they reactwith acids to form salts. 不溶于水的氧化物,如果和酸能够反应生成盐,则认为是碱性的;5)Weakly electropositive elements are unaffected by water and are much lessreadily attacked by acids. 弱电正性的金属不与水反应,且不易与酸反应6)Salts of strongly electropositive metals have little tendency to hydrolyzeand form oxysalts. 强电正性的金属盐水解形成含氧酸盐的趋势很小;It is + adj.+ to： It is advantageous to work at lower temperature It is possible to do sth.It seems advantageous to do sth.It appears useful to do sth.It proves correct to do sth.It becomes obvious to do sth.It is important to do sth.It is clear to do sth. 明显的It is apparent to do sth.显而易见的It is necessary for us to know how to convert energy from one form into another.It is + adj. + thatIt is apparent that the difference between elements is in the structure of their atoms.It is important that the polymerization proceeds under nitrogen atmosphere It is + 过去分词+ thatIt is + believed + thataccepted、mentioned、proposed、found、supposed、recommended、known. It is found that oxygen plays an important role in the reactionIt is + 名词动名词+ that1 It is worth noting mentioning that ……值得一提的是……. It is worth noting that the polymer is highly soluble inorganic solvents.2 It is no use that3 It is a fact that ……事实上It +不及物动词+ tha1)It turns out that…… seems、appears2)It follows that……由此可见…..3)It goes without saying that…... 毫无疑问……. It goes without saying that the material does not have good stability in air.It +系动词+ that 被动句型,See P29It is considered that ……….understood、supposed、suggested 、noticed、preferredIt is generally recognized that ……It can be foreseen that ……It must be stressed that……It has been shown that ……Lesson 3Vocabularylvnaizvt.通电流于；电镀;镀锌于iron‘ain 铁 Zinc zik 锌rusting rsti n 生锈anodic ’ndik adj. 阳极的Scratch skrt vt. & vi.擦伤,刮伤Sacrifice ‘skrifais n. vt. & vi.牺牲, 舍身Magnesium mɡ’ni:zjm n.镁Pipeline ’paiplain n.管道, 管线hull hl n.船体, 船身Consolidate kn’slideit vt. & vi.使巩固; 使加强;合并,统一hydrogen‘haidrdn 氢Copper ‘kp 铜Disproportionate ‘dispr’p:nit adj. 不相称的, 不成比例的, 不均匀的;歧化需掌握的词汇Oxidation-reduction reaction 氧化还原反应iron‘ain 铁 Zinc zik 锌Forward reaction 正向反应spontaneous spn’teinis reaction自发反应anodic protection 阳极保护Magnesium mɡ’ni:zjm n.镁Reduction potential 还原电势Strong oxidizing、reducing agent 强氧化/还原剂Standard electrode potential 标准电极电势hydrogen‘haidrdn 氢Thermodynamic functions 热力学函数Free energy吉布斯自由能Copper ‘kp 铜Disproportionate ‘dispr’p:nit adj. 不相称的, 不成比例的, 不均匀的;歧化Self-oxidizing/reducing agent 自氧化还原剂Ferrous 亚铁Ferric 三价铁句子理解1)Oxidation is the removal of electrons from, and reduction is the additionof electrons to an atom.氧化反应是原子失去电子,而还原反应是原子得到电子;2)Consider the galvanizing of iron, that is coating from with zinc to preventrusting.关于铁的电镀,是用锌作镀层来防止铁锈生成;3)If the galvanized steel 镀锌钢材is scratched, allowing the air to oxidizesome iron, the Fe2+ produced is immediately reduced to iron by the zinc, and rusting does not occur.如果镀锌钢材被刮伤,部分铁被空气氧化,生成的Fe2+可以立即被锌还原成铁,这样避免了锈蚀;4)This information is consolidated into a single diagram, in which the highestoxidation state is written at the left, and the lowest state at the right.这一知识可以统一为专门的图示,即高氧化态写在左边,低氧化态写在右边;5)M aterials which are generally accepted as oxidizing agents have E0 valuesabove + Volts, those such as Fe3+→Fe2+ of about are stable equally oxidizing and reducing, and those below volts becoming increasingly reducing.通常作为氧化剂的材料其还原电势E0大于,以及那些如Fe3+→Fe2+等于的材料是稳定的氧化和还原反应趋势相等,而那些还原电势低于的材料还原性增加;6)Since the zinc reaction in the forward reaction produces a larger negativepotential, that is liberates more energy, the spontaneous reaction is……由于锌的正向反应产生较大的负电势,也即释放较多能量,则自发反应是……Vocabulary’trulim 石油Geologicdi’ldik adj.地质学的Prohibitivepr’hibitiv adj.禁止的,抑制的Homologous h’mlɡsadj.相应的,类似的,同源的Ingenuity‘ndi’njuiti n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧, 灵活性Terminology‘t:mi’nldi n.术语学Acquisition ‘kwi’zinn.获得,获得物Nomenclature nu’meklt n.命名法,术语Systematize‘sistimtaiz v. 系统化Procurement pr’kjumentn.获得,取得Lubricant ‘lju:brikntn.润滑剂Aliphatic ‘li’ftik adj. 脂肪族的Aromatic ‘ru’mtik adj. 芳香物族的benzene‘benzi:n n.苯biological ‘bai’ldikl adj.生物学的isolation‘ais’lein n.隔绝, 孤立, 离析Elaborate I’lbreit adj. 精心制作的, 详细阐述的, 精细 vt.精心制作, 详细阐述v.详细描述Painstaking ‘peinz’teiki n.苦干, 辛苦 adj.辛苦的, 辛勤的, 艰苦的criteria n.标准empirical em’pirikl adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的, 化实验式molecular mu’lekjul adj.分子的, 由分子组成的coincide ‘kuin’said with vi. 一致, 符合assignment ’sainmnt n. 分配, 委派, 任务, 作业unambiguous ,nm’biɡjus adj.不含糊的, 明确的Standpoint ‘stndpint n.立场,观点需要掌握的词和短语organic chemistry 有机化学organic compound 有机化合物homologous series of compounds同系物aliphatic compounds 脂族化合物aromatic compounds芳香族化合物benzene derivative 苯衍生物empirical formula 实验式,经验式molecular formula 分子式structural formula 结构式molecular weight 分子量qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis定量分析常用短语be formed throughbe derived frombe described asbe defined asbe entitledbe divided intoIn summary句子理解1)Once the structural relationships of certain typical members of a particular group or family of compounds are understood, these structural features are understood for any one of the many members of the family, even though some may not be known compounds.一旦了解了某一特定类或族中典型化合物的结构关系,则可以推断这一族中任一化合物的结构特点,包括那些即使未知化合物的结构特点;2)Another important phase of the study of organic chemistry is communication, or exchange of information, among organic chemists.Study 此处为研究 Phase 方面3)This science of nomenclature nu’meklt has received considerable attention during the development of organic chemistry, and it will constitute a second important topic for consideration in connection with each homologous series of compounds to be studied.这种命名法在有机化学的发展过程中受到相当重视 ,它将构成研究每一同系物时要考虑的第二个重要主题4) A third important topic for consideration in connection with each homologous series of compounds is procurement pr’kjument .与各种同系物相关的第三个主题是如何制取该类物质;5)Many organic compounds, as pointed out earlier, are naturally occurring. Itis more often however, to mean the chemical process of changing orconverting an available compound into the desired compound, either in the laboratory or on a larger scale, as in a manufacturing plant.合成一词是指由较小的单元构筑某种分子;然而更常用的是指在实验室或生产规模的,由已知物质转化成所要求的某种物质的化学过程;6)In order that the above conversion of one compound to another may be accomplished, the chemical properties of each compound must be understood. 为使上述转化由一种物质转化成另一种物质能够实现,;7)Again, the solution of this problem would be impossible were it not for the fact that the chemical properties of a family of compounds are documented, thus making it possible to predict the chemical properties of any member of the family, even though a particular member may not be a known compound.再者,如果不是因为已经明确同系物的化学性质,使得预测同系物中任一物质、甚至未知物的化学性质成为可能这一事实,则不可能有解决该问题的方法;8)Isolation procedures are usually followed by the application of certain criteria of purity to the compound isolated.分离过程中通常将特定的纯度标准应用于分离出的化合物;9)The chemist must establish that the isolation procedure has resulted in the elimination of essentially all of the “foreign” molecules from the compound, and that he is dealing with a single molecular species. 化学家必须确定分离过程使大部分异质分子从该化合物中去除,而研究的只是单一分子组成的物质;10)Extensive chemical and physical methods for establishing the order in which atoms are linked together have been worked out.已采取大量的物理、化学方法来确定分子中原子之间的连接方式;Vocabularyhaibridaiz v. 使杂交,杂化Alkanes ’lkein n. 链烷,烷烃Flora ‘fl:r n.某地区或某时期的植物群Fauna ‘f:n n. 动物群,动物区系,动物志Phyla ‘fail n. 生物分类学上的门,语群比语系关系松散的一种语言phylum的复数Assimilation ,simi’leinn.被吸收或同化的过程Segment ‘seɡmnt n. 部分, 片段paraffin‘prfinn.煤油,石蜡,链烷烃divergent dai’v:dnt adj. 有分歧的; 叉开的novice‘nvis n. 新手, 初学者Exasperateiɡ’zɑ:spreit vt. 激怒, 触怒charmtɑ:m n. 魅力, 吸引力魔力, 咒语 vt. 使高兴, 使着迷; 吸引entrenchin’trentvt.牢固地确立…Suffix ‘sfiks n. 后缀, 词尾 vt. 加后缀Derivative di’rivtiv n. 派生物, 引出物adj. 模仿他人的; 衍生的; 派生的Prefix ‘pri:fiks n. 前缀 vt. 在…前加上Alkyl ‘lkil n. 烷基,烃基 adj. 烷基的Secondary-butyl 仲丁基tertiary tert-‘t:ri adj. 第三的, 第三级的Pentyl ‘pentil n. 戊烷基Isopentyl ,ais’pentil n.异戊基Neopentyl ,ni:u’pentil n. 新戊烷基应掌握的词汇和术语,烷烃alkene‘lki:n n. 烯烃,链烯Alkyne‘lkain n.炔Hybridize ‘haibridaiz v. 使杂交,杂化Derivative di’rivtiv n. 派生物, 引出物Alkyl ‘lkil n. 烷基,烃基 adj. 烷基的Secondary-butyl 仲丁基tertiary tert-‘t:ri adj. 第三的, 第三级的Pentyl ‘pentil n. 戊烷基Isopentyl ,ais’pentil n.异戊基Neopentyl ,ni:u’pentil n. 新戊烷基Saturated hydrocarbons 饱和烃Homologous series同系物Side chains 侧链,支链句子理解1)The classification of compounds into families, in which the members possesssimilar structures and similar chemical properties, provides one of the important generalizing principles of organic chemistry.有机化合物分成族的分类方法为有机化学提供了一个重要的普遍法则,每一族的所有成员具有相似的结构和化学性质;2)The first of these families classes to be discussed is called the alkanesor paraffin hydrocarbons, the term paraffin having been chosen because of the general chemical inertness of these compounds Latin, parum affinis, “slight affinity”.praffin ‘prfinn.煤油,石蜡,链烷烃 inertness 惰性affinis ‘finis近缘的 affinity ’finiti 密切关系, 亲合力3)Similarly, the members of any particular class of organic compounds do notshow identical physical or chemical behavior, although, in general, the similarities are striking.类似地,尽管任何一族有机化合物的成员其物理化学性质不完全一致,但通常它们的相似性是惊人的;4)By means of : 用,以,依靠To weld 焊接 metals is possible by means of heat produced by a current. 利用电流产生的热可以焊接金属;5)by all means的意思是“一定”、“无论如何”、“用一切手段”;例：You must bring him here by all means．This project must be realized by all means．by all means亦可用于回答,表示有礼貌的同意,作“好的”、“当然可以”;May I have one—Yes,by all means．我可以拿一个吗——当然可以;6)By no means的意思是“决不”,相当于not at all.She is by no means bright．她一点儿也不聪明;I will by no means consent．我决不同意;请注意下列三点：by all means和by no means的 means永远用复数形式;by all means与by all manner of means通用；by no means 可与 by no manner of means换用,但后者只作特别强调,不如前者普遍;by any means的意思是“总之”；by some means or other的意思是“用某种方式或方法”;7)Locate the longest continuous chain of atoms in the formula for the compound. 找出化合物分子式中最长链的原子8)Name the compound as a derivative of the hydrocarbon, which corresponds tothis longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.derivative di’rivtiv adj.引出的 n.派生物, 派生词命名该化合物为与最长链碳原子数相符的烃衍生物;9)Locate all side chains by number so that the sum of number has the lowestpossible value.用数字确定所有支链位置,使支链位置的数字尽可能有最小值; 10)Name all side chains as prefixes by dropping “ane” from the name of thehydrocarbon having the same number of carbon atoms as the side chain, and adding “yl”. 把所有支链作为前缀,通过将具有相同碳原子数烃的名字中的-ane 去掉后加上-yl来命名该支链;Example: 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylhexane生词和词组Methane ‘meein n. 化甲烷, 沼气Bond angles 键角parent 父母,根源fades into 减弱brethren‘breern n 弟兄们, 同胞.Primeval prai’mi:vl adj. 原始的broth br: n. 肉汤M orphine m:fi:n n. 吗啡peptide ‘peptaid n. 缩氨酸symmetrical si’metrikl adj. 对称的, 均匀的tetrahedral ‘tetr’hedrl adv. 有四面的, 四面体的depict di’pikt vt.描述, 描写Symmetry ‘simitri n. 对称, 匀称Representation ‘reprizen’tein n. 表示法, 表现, 陈述, 请求, 扮演, 画像, 继承, 代表Fashion ‘fn n. 样子, 方式, 流行,vt. 形成, 造, 作, 把...塑造成, 使适应, 使适合, 改变ideality ‘aidi’liti n. 理想ethane ‘eein n. 化乙烷Conformational Isomerism 构象异构化‘knf:`meinl adj. 化构象的Isomerism ai’smrizm n. 异性three-quarters view 侧视head-on view 正视eclipse I’klips n. 食, 日蚀, 月蚀, 蒙蔽, 衰落vt. 引起日蚀, 引起月蚀, 超越, 使黯然失色stagger ‘stg v. 摇晃, 交错, 摇摆 adj. 交错的Isomer ‘aisum n. 异构体subtle ‘stl adj. 狡猾的, 敏感的, 微妙的, 精细的, 稀薄的twisting ‘twisti 扭曲Conformers 顺式异构体Rotamers 旋转异构体eclipsed conformation 重叠构象staggered conformation 交叉构象intuitively 直觉得interference ’int‘firns n. 冲突, 干涉Intramolecular ’intrm‘lekjul 作用存在、发生于分子内的nonbonded interference 非成键干扰nonbonded strain 非成键张力ordinary room temperature 普通室温interconversion互换现象conformations构型interconversion of the conformations 构型互换需要掌握的词和词组Methane 甲烷bond angles键角molecular formula 分子式sp3-hybridized carbon atomsymmetrical molecule 对称的分子tetrahedral symmetry 四面体对称Ethane乙烷three-dimensional molecule三维分子molecular weight 分子量Isomers 异构体absolute zero 绝度零度ordinary room temperatue 普通室温thermal energy 热能句子理解1)It is the smallest stable organic molecule, and its size fades intoinsignificance when compared with some of its larger brethren.它是最小的稳定的有机分子,与其他较大的同系物比较,它的大小显得重要;fade into 变暗淡,渐渐退去2)On the basis of abundant experimental evidence, methane is now recognizedto be a symmetrical si’metrikl molecule in which the four hydrogens are attached to the central carbon by tetrahedrally ‘tetr’hedrli directed bonds of equal length.以大量的实验证据为基础,现在认为甲烷是对称分子,其中四个氢原子以相等的长度按照四面体定向连接在中心碳原子上;3)The hydrogens are said to be equivalent, for each one is related to theremainder of the molecule in precisely the same fashion.这些氢原子是等价的,因为分子中的每一个氢原子都精确地按照同样的方式与其余原子相联系;be said to be 被说成是 have to be said 不得不说4)Two of the bonds in the molecule have slightly more p character than a sp3hybrid orbital provides, and two of the bonds have slightly less.分子中的两个键比sp3杂化轨道提供的键具有稍强的P轨道特性,而另外两个键则有稍弱的P 轨道特性;5)Fortunately, the departure from strict tetrahedral geometry is usually no more than a few degrees in most compounds containing sp3-type-hybridized carbon atoms.幸运地是,在大多数包含sp3杂化碳原子的化合物中,偏离严格意义的四面体几何结构通常不过几度;no more……than＝和……一样不否定两者not less……than＝不如……不指不如 less 后形容词的反面no less……than＝和……一样肯定两者例：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细;You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细;You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细;You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细你比他粗心;You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细你不如他粗心;You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细;6)Consequently, the general statements containing the structure and chemistry of these compounds need not be significantly modified by these small departures from ideality.因此,在一般的论述这些化合物的结构和化学性质时无需特意修正这种小偏差;7)The two-carbon called ethane has the molecular formula C2H6 and contains two sp3-hybridized carbons.含有两个C的烷烃称为乙烷,它的分子式为C2H6,含有两个sp3杂化碳原子;8)Let us, for the moment, concentrate our attention on just one of thepossibilities, specifically the one shown in Fig. 1, in which the hydrogen of CH3 groups as close to each other as possible. 现在,让我们注意其中一种可能的情况,特别是图1中的那种,甲基中的氢原子都是尽可能地互相靠近;9)This structure can be represented reprizentid by a “three-quarters view”or by a “head-on view”, in which the viewer looks directly down the axis of the carbon-carbon bond often referred to Newman projection.这种结构可以由3/4视图或正视图来表示,正视图是指观察者直接沿着碳-碳键轴观察通常指纽曼投影图10)Quite clearly, the hydrogens on the “front” CH3 group are directly in frontof the hygrogens on the “back” CH3 group, eclipsing them.很清楚,前面甲基中的碳原子直接位于后面甲基中碳原子的前面,遮住了它们;11)A more subtle kind of isomerism is illustrated by the eclipsed and staggered forms of ethane.一种更微妙的异构现象是乙烷表现出的重叠构象和交叉构象;12)They are said to be conformational isomers also called conformers or rotamers;any particular twist form is called conformation. 它们被称为构象异构体也叫顺式异构或旋转异构；任何特定的扭曲形式都称为构象;13)The idea that the staggered conformation is at a lower energy level than the eclipsed conformation is intuitively appealing, for the greater distance between the hydrogens in the staggered conformation produces less interference between the hydrogens than in the eclipsed conformation. 交叉构象比重叠构象能量低这一观点是直观的,因为交叉构象中原子之间的较大距离产生的干扰比重叠构象的干扰小;主语idea,系词is 表语 appealing令人感兴趣的that 从句做后置定语修饰ideaFor引导原因状语从句原因状语从句中the great distance 做主语Produces做谓语14)Intramolecular encounter of this sort is often called “nonbonded”interference, indicating that the interacting groups ., the hydrogens in thecase of ethane are not directly bonded: the strain arising from this encounter is called “nonbonded strain”.这种分子内的相互作用通常被称为非成键干扰,表明相互作用的基团不是直接成键的：由这种分子内的相互作用引起的应力称为非键合应力;15)The staggered conformation, lower in energy, will always be more heavily populated than the eclipsed conformation, but the lifetime of any particular molecule in any particular conformation will be short <10-6 sec. 交叉构象,由于能量较低,将总是比重叠构象更占优势,但是任何构象的寿命都很短小于10-6秒;生词：’mlikju:l 高分子polymer ‘plim 聚合物体molecular mu’lekjul adj.分子的dimer ‘daim n.二聚物trimer ‘traim 三聚体,三聚物tetramer ‘tetrm n.四聚物synthetic sin’θetik adj. 合成的, 人造的ellulose ‘seljulus n.纤维素Protein ‘pruti:n n. 蛋白质hypothesis hai’pθisisn.假说, 假设, 前提Laureate ‘l:riit n.资金荣誉获得者Fiber ‘faib 纤维Fabric ‘fbrik 织物, 布Vulcanization vlknai’zein n橡胶硫化Merit ‘meritn.长处, 优点Polysaccharide pli’skraidn.多醣,聚糖, solubility ,slju’biliti 可溶解性;Fusibility 可熔性Graphite ‘ɡrfait n. 石墨Configuration kn,fiɡju’rein n.形状, 外貌Asymmetric si’metrikadj.不均匀,不对称的Enantiomer I’nntiumn.对映结构体Isotactic ,aisu’tktikadj.全规的,全同立构的Syndiotactic ,sindiu’tktikadj.间规立构的Atactic ’tktikadj.不规则的,不合语法的Steric ,stirik,,sterik n.原子空间排列的Amorphous ’m:fs adj.无固定形状的,非结晶的应掌握的词汇和术语’mlikju:l n.高分子natural polymers 天然聚合物Plastic ‘plɑ:stik 塑料; Rubber ‘rb n.合成橡胶synthetic fiber人造纤维 Cellulose ‘seljulus纤维素protein ‘pruti:n n. 蛋白质 Fiber ‘faib 纤维Molecular weight 分子量 Addition polymer 加聚物Condensation polymer 缩聚物Chain reaction 连锁反应需掌握的词汇’lriti n. 摩尔浓度Normality n:’mliti n. 当量浓度Equivalent weight n.当量Mole 摩尔Molar concentration 摩尔浓度Millimole 毫摩尔Milliliter 毫升Sodium chloride 氯化钠Standard solution 标准溶液Primary standard 基准物Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠Sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Hydrochloric acid 盐酸生词’sesbl adj. 容易取得的, 容易达到的Spectrum ‘spektrm n. 光谱, 来自拉丁语原意：外貌,像,牛顿1671年专用来指光谱;Spectra是spectrum的复数类似：Datum 数据,资料；data 是datum的复数Erratum 印刷或书写的错误,勘误表,errata Pl.memorandum 备忘录 memoranda Pl.Miscellaneous method ‘misi’leinjs 其它方法Polarimetry ‘pul’rimitri n.偏振法,旋光测定需掌握的词汇：化学动力学Thermodynamic ,θ:mudai’nmik equillibrium热力学平衡Pressure 压力As a function of 作为…的函数nitrogenV oxides五氧化二磷Gas phase 气相Spectroscopy spek’trskpi n. 光谱学,波谱学Bromine ‘brumi:n n. 溴HBr = hydrogen bromideElectrochemical method 电化学方法Conductivity 电导率Electrode 电极Titration tai’trein 滴定M ass spectrometry spek‘trmitri 质谱Gas chromatography ‘krum’tɡrfi 气相色谱分析M agnetic resonance ‘reznns 磁共振N M R = nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振Analytical techniques 分析技术Real time analysis 实时分析Quenching method 骤停熄法Flow method 流动法The rates of chemical reactions 化学反应速率Catalyst 催化剂Mechanisms of reactions 反应机理elementary reaction 基元反应,单元反应Reactive collision活性碰撞Reactive encounter 活性碰撞Stoichiometry ,stiki’mitri n. 化学计算法;化学计量学Overall reaction 总包反应Rate law 速率定律Rate constant / rate coefficient 速率常数The rate law of the reaction 反应速率定律The order of a reaction 反应级数The overall order of a reaction反应总级数Nitrogen II oxide NO2Logarithm ‘lɡriθm n. 对数数学表达式5乘3等于15; Five times three is fifteen./ 5 multiplied by 3 is 15.2的6次方是64. The six power of two is 64./ 64 is two to the power of six.。
(完整版)化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子 atom adj.atomic原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron(abbr. e)离子 ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子 cation阴离子 anion分子 molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质 element化合物 compound纯净物 pure substance/chemical substance 混合物 mixture相对原子质量 relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar) 相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr)化学式量 relative formula mass物质的量 amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA)摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式 empirical formula气体摩尔体积 molar volume阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro’s Law溶液 solution溶解 dissolve浓度 concentration质量/体积分数 mass/volume concentration 浓缩 concentrate稀释 dilute蒸馏 distillation萃取 extraction化学反应方程式 chemical equation反应物 reactant生成物 product固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gaseous溶液 aqueous配平 balance化学计量学 stoichiometry 酸 acid碱 base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐 salt酸式盐 acid salt离子方程式 ionic equation结晶水 water of crystallisation水合的 hydrated无水的 anhydrous滴定 titration指示剂 indicator氧化数 oxidation number氧化还原反应 redox reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction歧化反应 disproportionation reaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂 oxidising agent还原剂 reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能 ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应 electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道 atomic orbital电子云 electron cloud电子亚层 sub-shell能层 layer能级 energy level电子排布 electron configuration电子云重叠 shell overlap洪特规则 Hund’s rule泡利原理 Pauli exclusion principle基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition手性 chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键 chemical bond键长 bond length键级 bond order键角 bond angle键能 bond enthalpies离子键 ionic bond供体 donor受体 acceptor静电吸引 electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构 giant ionic structure共价键 covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构 giant covalent structure共用电子对 shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子 lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond非极性共价键 non-polar bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinat e bond电负性 electronegativity极性 polarity偶极子 dipole分子间作用力 intermolecular forces氢键 hydrogen bond范德华力 van der Waal’s force色散力 dispersion force诱导力 induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键 metallic bond离域 delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性 malleability [,mælɪə'bɪləti]可锻性 ductility [dʌk'tɪlətɪ]导电性 electrical conductivity合金 alloy元素周期表 the Periodic Table周期 period族 group原子序数 proton number同位素isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素 nuclide ['njuːklaɪd]同量异位素 isobar['aɪsə(ʊ)bɑː]金属 metal非金属 nonmetal 碱金属 alkali metal碱土金属 alkaline earth metal卤素 halogen稀有气体 noble gas元素周期律 periodic trends活泼 active稳定 noble分解反应 decomposition reaction化合反应 combination(synthesis) reaction 取代反应 displacement reaction复分解反应salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀 precipitation [prɪ,sɪpɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]官能团 functional group碳氢化合物/烃 hydrocarbon饱和烃 saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃 aliphatic[,ælɪ'fætɪk] hydrocarbon脂环烃 alicyclic ['saɪklɪk; ]hrdrocarbon同系物 homologous[hɒ'mɒləgəs]series异构现象 isomerism ['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体 isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula结构式 displayed formula结构简式 structural formula键线式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission异裂 heterolytic fission亲核试剂 nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂 electrophile加成反应 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction加成聚合反应 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer单体 monomer链节 repeat unit缩合聚合反应 condensation reaction缩聚物 condensation polymer取代反应 substitution reaction脱水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis卤代反应 halogenation reaction酯化反应 esterification reaction亲核取代 nucleophilic substitution消去反应 elimination reaction裂化反应 cracking (reaction)石油分馏 fractional distillation燃烧 combustion发酵 fermentation氟氯烃 chlorofluorocarbons产率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy红外光谱学 infrared spectroscopy质谱分析 mass spectroscopy光谱 spectrum挥发性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反应机理 reaction mechanism能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy 热力学 thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHrӨ)燃烧热 heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr . ΔHcӨ)标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔHfӨ)放热反应 exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction 吸热反应 endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能 activation energy(abbe. Ea)比热容 specific heat capacity键焓 bond enthalpy平均键焓 average bond enthalpy盖斯定律 Hess’ law有效碰撞理论 collision theory反应速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学 reaction kinetics催化剂 catalyst 催化作用 catalysis 酶 enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应 reversible reaction动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium平衡常数 chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂 concentration power平衡移动 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应 spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction 熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption绿色化学 green chemistry溶解度 solubility离子反应 ionic reaction电离 ionisation电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionisation equilibrium电离常数 ionisation constant离子积 ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from Fr ench potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [dɪsə'luːʃ(ə)n] ekwɪ溶度积 solubility product原电池 galvanic(voltaic) cell [gæl'vænɪk]盐桥 salt bridge电极 electrode正极/阳极 anode负极/阴极 cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池 dry cell一次电池 primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery充电 charge放电 discharge燃料电池 fuel cell电解 electrolysis电解池/电解槽 electrolytic cell电镀 galvanisation [,ɡælvənai'zeiʃən]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀 galvanic corrosion 分子空间构型 molecular geometries杂化 hybrid轨道 orbital晶格 lattice晶体 crystal晶胞 crystal structure堆积作用 sedimentation [,sedɪmən'teɪʃən] 常见元素氢 hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦 helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂 lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼 boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳 carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮 nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧 oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟 fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖 neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠 sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁 magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝 aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅 silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷 phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫 sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯 chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩 argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾 potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙 calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛 titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬 chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰 manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁 iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴 cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍 nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜 copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌 zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷 arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴 bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银 silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡 tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘 iodine(abbr. I) 氙 xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡 barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨 tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂 platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金 gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞 mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅 lead(abbr. Pb) [led]常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石 diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨 graphite ['græfait]臭氧 ozone ['əuzəun]红磷 red phosphorus白磷 white phosphorus常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的 hydride ['haidraid]硼酸 boric (acid) adj.borate ['bɔːreɪt]碳化的 carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸 carbonic [kɑː'bɒnɪk] (acid) adj. carbonate碳酸氢根 bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate 氮化的 nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的 azide ['æzaid]硝酸 nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸 nitrous ['naɪtrəs] (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的 oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的 dioxide [dai-']三氧化的 trioxide [traɪ'ɒksaɪd]过氧根 peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的 superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根 hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj. hydroxide水合氢离子 hydronium氟化的 fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid) adj. meta-aluminate [ə'ljuːmɪneɪt]四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸 silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸 phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根 dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根 hydrogen phosphate硫化的 sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸 sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根 bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸 sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根 bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根 thiosulphate [θaiəu-']焦硫酸根 persulphate [pə:-']氯化的 chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸 hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸 perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸 chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸 chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸 hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite 溴化的 bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的 iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的 halide铵根 ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根 permanganate锰酸根 manganate 氰根 cyanide ['sainaid] 硫氰根 thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根 chromate重铬酸根 dichromate常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠sodium hydride氨 ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷 silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢 phosphine硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide氮化镁 magnesium nitride四氧化三铁 iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧 oxygen difluoride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁 iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁 iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride 氯化亚锡 tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠 sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠 monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠 disodium phosphate氯化铵 ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠 sodium hydrosulphide 系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一 mono-二 di-三 tri-四 tetra-五 penta-六 hexa-七 hepta-八 octa-九 nona-十 deca-烷烃 alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲 meth-乙 eth-丙 prop-丁 but-戊 pent-己 hex-庚 hept-辛 oct-壬 non-癸 dec-十一 undec-十二 dodec-十三 tridec-十四 tetradec-十五 pentadec-十六 hexadec-十七 heptadec-十八 octadec-十九 nonadec-二十 eicos-三十 triacont-四十 tetracont-五十 prntacont-正构型 normal-(n-)异构型 iso-(i-)新构型 neo-(n-)聚 poly-烷基 alkyl甲基 methyl(abbr. Me)乙基 ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基 propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃 alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃 allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃 alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构 preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构 preffix trans-(E-)苯基 phenyl(abbr. Ph)(preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基 benzyl(abbr. Bn)(preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇 alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物 halogens(preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮 ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛 aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸 carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj. carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基 carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix-oic acid or multiple groupssuffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根 carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚 ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂 ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or accordi ng to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suff ix –amide and -carboxamide or according to p osition of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基 amino酰胺基 amido 磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho -,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile)酚 phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph)[finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸 hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸 amino acid葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose磺酸 sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic a cid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚 phe nol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θei li:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate 柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸 amino acid 葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose 半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose曲颈瓶 retort [ri'-]表面皿 watch glass石棉网 asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒 glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台 iron stand滴定管 burette/buret泥三角 pipeclay triangle启普发生器 Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator 酒精喷灯 alcohol blast burner坩埚钳 tong坩埚 pot索氏提取器 Soxhlet extractor冷凝管 cold finger称量瓶 weighing bottle。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom（原子）：物质的基本单位，由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant（反应物）：参与化学反应的物质。
Product（物）：化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst（催化剂）：能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid（固体）：具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid（液体）：具有一定体积，无固定形状的物质。
Gas（气体）：无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid（酸）：在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base（碱）：在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt（盐）：由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution（溶液）：由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent（溶剂）：能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute（溶质）：被溶解的物质。
Concentration（浓度）：溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry（有机化学）：研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group（官能团）：决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer（聚合物）：由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry（无机化学）：研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal（晶体）：具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction（氧化还原反应）：涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry（物理化学）：研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond（化学键）：原子间相互作用力，使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics（热力学）：研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry（分析化学）：研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
(完整版)化学常用英文词汇
(完整版)化学常用英文词汇化学常用英文词汇 (完整版)本文档旨在提供化学领域常用的英文词汇，以帮助读者更好地理解和研究化学知识。
基本概念- 化学 (Chemistry)- 元素 (Element)- 分子 (Molecule)- 反应 (Reaction)- 物质 (Substance)- 离子 (Ion)- 酸 (Acid)- 碱 (Base)- 中和 (Neutralization)- 溶液 (Solution)- 液体 (Liquid)- 固体 (Solid)- 气体 (Gas)常见元素以下是化学中常见的元素及其英文名称：- 氢 (Hydrogen)- 氧 (Oxygen)- 氮 (Nitrogen)- 碳 (Carbon)- 硫 (Sulfur)- 铁 (Iron)- 钠 (Sodium)- 钾 (Potassium)- 钙 (Calcium)- 氯 (Chlorine)- 磷 (Phosphorus)- 锌 (Zinc)- 汞 (Mercury)- 铜 (Copper)- 铝 (Aluminum)反应类型化学反应可分为多种类型，以下是常见的反应类型及其英文名称：- 氧化反应 (Oxidation)- 还原反应 (Reduction)- 酸碱反应 (Acid-base reaction)- 氢解反应 (Hydrolysis)- 合成反应 (Synthesis)- 双替换反应 (Double displacement)- 单替换反应 (Single displacement)- 沉淀反应 (Precipitation)实验设备以下是化学实验中常见的设备及其英文名称：- 烧杯 (Beaker)- 试管 (Test tube)- 酒精灯 (Alcohol lamp)- 分析天平 (Analytical balance)- 导管 (Burette)- 量筒 (Graduated cylinder)- 滴定管 (Pipette)- 镊子 (Tweezers)- 集气瓶 (Gas collecting bottle)- 反应瓶 (Reaction vessel)- 蒸发皿 (Evaporating dish)- 减压漏斗 (Vacuum filtration funnel)- 显微镜 (Microscope)常用化学术语以下是化学中常用的术语及其英文名称：- 浓度 (Concentration)- 温度 (Temperature)- 压力 (Pressure)- 化学键 (Chemical bond)- 氧化物 (Oxide)- 离子键 (Ionic bond)- 共价键 (Covalent bond)- 水解 (Hydrolysis)- 离子化 (Ionization)- 晶体结构 (Crystal structure)- 热力学 (Thermodynamics)- 动力学 (Kinetics)- 多聚物 (Polymer)这些是化学领域常用的英文词汇，希望对您有所帮助！。
化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯 ethylene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学类专业词汇
(1)acetic acid(2)amide(3)aminoethane(4)antifreezing agent(5)bond 键(6)ammonia氨水(7)anhydride 酸酐(8)aromatic芳香的(9)assimilate吸收(10)butane丁烷(11)c hiral手性的(12)c hromatography 色谱法(13)c itric acid 柠檬酸(14)c ategory 种类(15)c ondensation冷凝(16)c oupling reaction偶合反应(17)c ovalent bond 共价键(18)c yanide 氰化物(19)c ycloalkane 环烷烃(20)d iazonium salt 重氮盐(21)dipole偶极(22)d egradation 降解(23)d erivation 衍生(24)d issociation energy离解能(25)detector 检测器(26)Deuterium 重氢(27)e cosystem生态系统(28)e lectronegativity电负性(29)e lectropositive 电正性的(30)e sterification酯化(31)h ydroxylation羟基化(32)i ndicator 指示剂(33)i sopropane异丙烷(34)i sotope同位素(35)m agnesium镁(36)m anipulation 操作(37)microporous多孔的(38)mass-to-charge质荷比(39)modification 修饰(40)N itrite亚硝酸盐(41)oxidation number氧化数(42)o rganometallic compound 金属有机化合物(43)p entoxide五氧化物(44)p eriodic周期的(45)p esticide杀虫剂(46)p otassium钾(47)p recipitate 沉淀(48)p ropene丙稀(49)p yridine吡啶(50)r eagent反应试剂(51)r ectifier 精馏器(52)r eoxidation再氧化(53)r esonance共振(54)s teric factors 位阻因素(55)s eparation coefficient分离系数(56)s ensitivity敏感性(57)s ulfonation 磺化作用(58)s upersaturation过饱和(59)s pin-spin couplin自旋-自旋偶合(60)t itration滴定方法(61)t hermochemistry热化学(62)t ubular reactor管式反应器(63)v alence原子价(64)w avelength波长(65)v iscosity index黏度系数(66)w ell-defined定义明确的(67)v aporize（使）蒸发(68)w ithdrawal 收回(69)z eolite沸石(70)u nambiguous不含糊的(71)t ransition state 过渡状态(72)t etrahedron 四面体(73)t hiazole 噻唑(74)c arbonyl group(75)c ondensation(76)d esorption(77)d etector(78)e limination(79)e xtraction(80)f ree radical(81)h ydration(82)h eterogeneous(83)i nfrared spectroscopy(84)k inetics(85)m acromole cule(86)o ptimization(87)p rotonation(88)a bsorption 吸收率(89)c hemical shift 化学位移(90)catalysis 催化(91)c omplex 络合物(92)c oncentration 浓度(93)d egradation 降解(94)derivative 衍生物(95)d issociation energy 离解能(96)d istillation 蒸馏(97)d euterium重氢(98)equilibrate 平衡(99)e sterification 酯化(100)ether 乙醚(101)enantiomer对映体(102)exothermic 放热的(103)fluorescence萤光(104)formaldehyde 甲醛(105)fractional distillation 分馏(106)fullerence富勒烯(107)halogen卤素(108)homologue同系物(109)hydrocarbon烃类(110)hydroxide氢氧化物(111)insoluble不溶的(112)interme diate中间体(113)isomer 异构体(114)lubricant润滑剂(115)mass spectroscopy 质谱(116)methanol甲醇(117)mechanism机理(118)isopropanol异丙醇(119)miscible 可溶混的(120)naphthalene 萘(121)nitrate 硝酸盐(122)nucleophile亲核试剂(123)parameter参（变）量(124)pharmaceuticals 药物(125)phosphoric acid 磷酸(126)polarization 极化作用(127)polymerization 聚合作用(128)racemization 外消旋作用(129)radicalization辐射(130)recrystallization 重结晶(131)resonance共振(132)substitution reaction 取代反应(133)neutron(134)primary(135)response(136)polymerization(137)phenoxide(138)parameter(139)refractive(140)oxalic(141)naphthalene(142)ammonia(143)anhydride(144)butadiene(145)chlorohydrocarbon(146)covalent bond(147)distillation(148)elimination(149)fragmentation(150)hydration(151)infrared spectroscopy (152)nitrite(153)nucleophile(154)oxidation(155)petroleum(156)pharmaceutical(157)Intermediate(158)affinity(159)qualitative(160)chiral(161)suspension(162)potassium(163) distillate(164)tertiary(165)irreversible(166)sulfur(167)reversibility(168)volatility(169)ethanoyl(170)optical activity(171)skeleton(172)sodium hypochlorite (173)absorption coefficient(174)acetophanone (175)aliphatic(176)alkylation(177)asymmetric synthesis (178)capillary(179)carboxylic acid (180)dehydration (181)electrolyse(182)electronegativity (183)homogenous catalysis (184)dehydrogenation(185)mass spectroscopy (186)solvent effects (187)hydrophilicity(188)hydrolysis(189)resonance(190)mass-to-charge (191)concentration(192)inductive effect (193)acetylene(194)activation(195)apparatus(196)aromatization (197)azeotrope(198)chemical shift (199)catalyze(200)coefficient(201)concentration(202)sodium bisulfate (203)solubility(204)thermodynamics (205)chemical reagent (206)propylene; propene (207)calcium hydroxide; (208)petroleum; petrol(209)isopropanol; isopropyl alcohol (210)aromatic(211)biphenyl; phenyl benzene; (212)excitation state; excited state (213)condensation(214)degradation(215)derivative;(216)free radical(217)rearrangement重排(218)configuration构型(219)octahedral八面体的(220)polyamide聚酰胺(221)condenser冷凝器(222)氯化钾potassium chloride。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
化学常用词汇表2015/8/17 23:54:00第一单元粒子和提纯“unit1 particles and purification”state 状态matter 物质substance 物质particle 粒子atom 原子molecule 分子ion 离子chemical means 化学方法volume 体积container 容器pattern 式样vibrate 震动slide 滑动random 随机的rapidly 迅速的vigorously 剧烈的melt 熔化boil 沸腾condense 液化；冷凝freeze 凝固；冻结diffusion 扩散kinetic particle theory 粒子动理论concentrated 浓的collide 碰撞bounce 反弹cotton wool 棉花reaction 反应stop－clock 秒表；停表precision 精密度Celsius degrees 摄氏度Thermometer 温度计Centimetres cubed 立方厘米decimetres cubed 立方分米chromatography 色谱法solvent 溶剂solute 溶质mixture 混合物pigment 色素solubility 溶解度filter 过滤soluble 可溶的base line 基线lid 盖dye 染料locating agent 定位试剂RF value 比移值Impurity 杂质Melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点dissolve 溶解filtration 过滤decant 倾倒centrifugation 离心分离filtrate 滤液crystallization 结晶extraction 提取residue 滤渣distillation 蒸馏fractional distillation 分馏petroleum 石油column 柱；塔proximity 接近overall 全部的；全面的purity 是纯净evaporation 蒸发作用rinse 漂洗volatile liquid 挥发性强的液体第二单元原子单质化合物unit2 atoms elements and compounds property 性质nucleus 核子proton 质子neutron 中子nucleon number 核子数mass number 质量数electron shell 电子层electrical energy level 电子能级proton number 质子数atomic number 原子序数isotopes 同位素radioactive 放射性的decay 衰变electron configuration 电子排布valency electrons 价电子noble gas 稀有气体chemical bond 化学键electrical conductivity 导电性allotrope 同素异形体malleable 有展性的ductile 有延性的lustrous 有光泽的sonorous 响亮的；醒目的dull 钝的；暗淡的brittle 脆的insulator 绝缘体conductor 导体semi－conductor 半导体radiation 辐射powder 药粉layer 层artificial 人造的unit3 structure and bonding 第三单元结构和化学键formation 构成ionic bond 离子键transfer 交换dot－and－cross diagram 点叉图stable 稳定的multiple 多样的；多重的octet 八电子组covalent bond 共价键non－metal 非金属lone pair electrons 孤对电子valency 价态combining power 结合力single bond 单键double bond 双键triple bond 三键intermolecular forces 分子间作用力＝范德华力delocalised electrons 离域电子metallic bond 金属键overlap 重叠conductivity 传导性solubility 溶解性volatilvity 挥发性rigid 坚固的slippery 光滑的three－dimensional 三维的diamond 钻石graphite 石墨lattice 晶格unit4 chemical formulae公式和方程compound ion离子团chemical symbol 化学符号formula 化学式molecular formula 分子式structural formula 结构式empirical formula 经验式（最简式）word equation 文字表达式symbol equation 化学方程式balance 配平state symbol 状态符号spectator ion 旁观离子unit 5 chemical calculationsreagent 试剂relative atomic mass 相对原子质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量Avogadro constant 阿伏加德罗常数Stoichiometry 化学计算法；化学计量法mole 摩尔limiting reactant 受限试剂actual yield 实际产量predict yield 预计产量titration 滴定法yield 产率；产量concentration 浓度empirical formula 最简式unit 6 electricity and chemistry 电与化学electrolysis 电解decompose 分解cell 电池anode 阳极；正极cathode 阴极；负极electrolyte 电解质discharge series 放电顺序dilute 稀的refining 精炼；提炼sludge 软泥；泥泞slime 泥inert 惰性的electroplating 电镀molten 熔化的ore矿石siphon 虹吸管bleach 漂白deposit 使沉积unit7 chemical changesexothermic 放热的endothermic 吸热的bond energy 键能fuel 燃料radioactivity 放射性electro chemical cell 化学原电池reactive 活泼的proton exchange membrane 质子交换膜unit 8 speed of reactionrate 速率；速度interpret 解释rust 锈；生锈controlled variable 控制变量independent variable 自变量catalytic converter 催化转化器exposed 暴露precipitate 沉淀collision theory 碰撞理论photosynthesis 光合作用photography 摄影术light－sensitive reactions 光敏反应redox reaction 氧化还原反应unit 9 chemical reactions化学反应reversible reaction 可逆反应equilibrium 平衡的hydrated 水合的anhydrous 无水的oxidation states 氧化数redox reaction 氧化还原反应unit10 acid and bases酸和碱acid 酸alkali 碱universal indicator 通用知识剂neutral 中性的ph scale ph比例；ph量household 家庭的antacid 抗酸的tablet 药片indigestion 消化不良alkaline solution 碱溶液neutralisation reaction 中和反应proton donor 质子提供体acceptor 接受体amphoteric oxide 两性氧化性unit 11 making and identifying saltsreactivity series 活动性顺序evaporate 蒸发squeaky 吱吱响的glowing splint 带火星的小木条relight 复燃damp litmus paper 湿石蕊试纸cream 奶油色qualitative analysis 定性分析phenolphthalein 酚酞methyl orange 甲基橙indicator 指示剂unit 12 the periodic table group 族period 周期trend 趋势fizzy 嘶嘶作响的physical property 物理性质flame 火焰poisonous 有毒的halogens 卤素halide ions 卤素离子pattern 图案；样式spoil 损坏complex ions 络合离子transition element 过渡元素unit 13 metals and reactivity shape memory alloy 形状记忆合金displacement reaction 置换反应thermite 铝热剂；灼热剂shield 屏蔽reductant 还原剂oxidant 氧化剂thermal decomposition 热分解Metal hydroxide 金属氢氧化物Unit 14 Metal extraction Bauxite 铁铝氧石Haematite 赤铁矿Zinc blende 闪锌矿Extraction 提取；提取物Undergo 遭受Blast furnace 炼铁炉Slag 矿渣Hopper 漏斗Converter 转化器Galvanize 镀锌Mild steel 软钢Steel 钢Brass 黄铜Unit 15 air and waterArtic 北极的Antarctic 南极的Coolant 冷却剂Sedimentation 沉淀；沉降Chlorination 加氯消毒；氯化Cholera 霍乱Typhoid 伤寒Hazardous 有害的Dry deposition沉积作用Smog 烟雾Denitrification 反硝化作用；脱氮作用Greenhouse gas 温室气体Wavelength 波长Infrared ray 红外线Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Sacrificial protection 牺牲保护层Unit 16 the chemical industryNpk fertilizers 氮磷钾化肥Contact process 制硫酸反应Haber process 制氨反应Raw materials 原材料Compressed 被压缩的Chamber 室Compromise 妥协Quicklime 生石灰Slaked lime ca(oh)2Unit 17 organic chemistry and petrochemicalsHomologus series 同系列Alcohol 酵类Carboxylic acids 羧酸Alkene 烯胫Alkane 烷胫AlkyneStructural isomers （结构型）同分异构体Fossil fuel 化石燃料Hydrocarbon 胫Fermentation 发酵Gasoline 汽油Naphtha 石脑油Kerosene（paraffin）煤油Diesil oil（light gas－oil）柴油Fuel oil（heavy gas—oil）重柴油Lubricating oil 润滑油Bitumen 沥青Unit 18 the variety of organic chemicals Saturated 饱和的Photochemical reaction 光化学反应Substitution reaction 取代反应Hydrogenation reaction 制化反应Addition reaction 加成反应Refluxing 回流冷却Unit 19 polymersMacromolecules 高分子Monomer 单体Addition polymerization 加聚反应Condensation polymerization缩聚反应Biodegradable 可自然降解的Polyamide 聚酰胺Polyester 聚酯Unit 20 natural polymers Carbohydrates 碳水化合物Protein 蛋白质Ester linkage 酯键Amide linkage 酰酯键Hydrolysis 水解Glycerol 甘油Fatty acids 脂肪酸Soap 肥皂Alkyl 烷基Alternatve to practical section Demonstration 示范；示意Recognition 承认Proccedure 过程Goggles 护目镜Precision 精确度Sufficient 足够的Anomalous 反常的Appendix I apparatusTube 试管Flask 烧瓶Measuring cylinder 量筒Volumetric pipette 定量筒Burette 滴定管Volumetric flask 定量瓶Conical flask 锥形瓶Gas syringe 气体注射器Lid 盖子Separating funnel 分液漏斗Filter funnel 过滤漏斗Filter paper 滤纸Evaporating basin 蒸发皿Cold tile 点滴板Distillation flask 蒸馏瓶Thermometer 温度计Condenser 冷凝管Fractionating column 分馏塔Chromatography paper色谱纸Gas jar 集气瓶Metal cover金属盖Crocodile clip 夹子Cells电池Ammeter 电流表Stirrer ／stirring rod 搅拌棒Gauze石棉网Calorimeter 铜锅Bunsen burner 本生灯Spirit burner 酒精灯Balance 天平Funnel 漏斗Beaker 烧杯Safety tube 安全管（控制气压）Blast furnace 炼铁炉Settlement tank 沉淀池Cooling chamber 冷却室Water bath 水浴Pipette 滴管Spatula 药匙Flat bottom flask 平底烧瓶Tripod 三脚架Pipeclay triangle 陶瓷三角Clamp 铁圈Teat pipette 移液管Watch glass 表面皿Plunger 活塞U－tube u型管Combustion spoon 燃烧匙Stand 铁架台Crucible 坩锅Mortar 研体Tongs 坩锅钳Pestle 研棒；杵Rubber bung 橡胶塞Pipette filler 滴管填充器Volumetric pipette 定量滴管Tweezers 镊子Delivery tube导管Appendix II chemicals Hydroxide OH-Nitrate NO3-Nitrite NO2-Sulfate SO42-Sulfite so32- Carbonate co32- Hydrogencarbonate hco3- Mono－一Di－二Tri－三Tetra－四Hydrochloric acid 盐酸Sulfuric acid 硫酸ethanoic acid乙酸Nitric acid 硝酸Benzoic acid 苯酸Citric acid 柠檬酸AmmoniaLime water 石灰水Quick lime 生石灰Graphite 石墨Diamond 金刚石Brine 浓盐水Margarline 人造黄油Bauxite 铝土矿Cryolite 冰晶石Coal 煤Petroleum 石油Natural gas 天然气Marble 大理石Litmus 石蕊Brass 黄铜Bronze 青铜Stainless steel不锈钢Zinc blende 闪锌矿Haematite 赤铁矿Galena 方铅矿Oleum 发烟硫酸Plaster 石膏Aluminium hydroxide 氢氧化铝Sodium chloride 氯化钠Silicon dioxide 二氧化硅Hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢Silver bromide 溴化银Silver iodide 碘化银Methane 甲烷Salicylic acid 水杨酸（一种氨基酸）Vanadium（v） oxide 五氧化钒Ceramic 陶器Platinum 铂。